QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

QUESTION 2- Discuss quality standards of Brickwork, Woodwork, Flooring and Internal Water
Supply. How will you implement it on site on a medium level construction project?

16th March 2021

Presented by-
Group 2
Saloni Aggarwal (SPA/NS/BEM/782)
Vaneet Kaundal (SPA/NS/BEM/789)
 PART A
Quality standards of Brickwork, Woodwork, Flooring and Internal Water Supply
Quality control (QC)

● It is the part of quality management that ensures products and services comply with requirements.
● A work method that facilitates the measurement of the quality characteristics of a unit, compares them with the
established standards, and analyses the differences between the results obtained and the desired results in
order to make decisions which will correct any differences.
● It can be done by controlling the technical specifications to ensure that the construction works are carried out
correctly.
● It not only include products and materials, but also the execution and completion of the works.
● One way of controlling quality is based on the inspection or verification of finished products. It is a final
control, located between producer and client.
● Statistical Control- When tests are destructive, the decision to accept or reject a full batch must be made on
the basis of the quality of a random sample.Statistical control can be applied to the final product (acceptance
control) or during the production process (process control).

Manufacturing and Storage &

Procurement Workmanship Inspection
Testing Handling

Quality Control measures can be implemented during these stages of a construction activity.
Quality Standards for Brickwork
 Manufacturing and Testing Procurement

1. General Requirements (*IS: 1077 – Information for the manufacturer/ Supplier

1992 (R2002) )
● Classification- are classified on the basis ●Exposure zone for brickwork to determine appropriate
of average compressive strength. specification.
● General Quality- color and finishing ●Suitability for application.
● Dimensions and Tolerances ●Preliminary cost information
2. Physical Requirements(*IS: 3495 (Part I ●Initial Construction Strategy including planning and
to IV) 1992 (R2002) preliminary start date.
● Compressive strength ●Likely volumes.
● Water absorption
● Efflorescence *Brick Development Association UK
● Warpage
3. Method for sampling and criteria for
conformity (*IS 5454: 1976))

BRICKWORK
 Storage & Handling
Recommendations on stacking and storage of
Bricks (IS 4082-1996)
Stacking
● Bricks shall not be dumped at site- Stacked in
regular tiers to minimize the breakage and
defacement.
● Brick stacks shall be placed close to the site
of work so that least effort is required to
unload and transport the bricks again.
● Shall be stacked on dry firm ground.
● Bricks of different types shall be stacked
separately.
Loading and unloading
● Building bricks shall be loaded or unloaded a
pair at a time unless palletised.
● Unloading of building bricks or handling in any
other way likely to damage the corners or
edges or other parts of bricks shall not be
permitted.
Workmanship
IS: 2212 – 1991 Code deals with the construction of clay
brick masonry in general and the erection of clay brick walls
in particular.
● All the bricks shall be thoroughly soaked in clean water
immediately before use.
● The space over which the brickwork is to be started
shall be slightly wetted.
● Brick shall be laid on a full bed of mortar to ensure
proper adhesion.
● Cross joints and wall joints shall be properly flushed
and packed with mortar so that no hollow spaces are
left.
● Properly filled joints ensure maximum strength and
resistance to penetration of moisture.
● Care shall be taken to ensure that the brick work is
kept wet for seven days commencing from 24 hours.
BRICKWORK
 INSPECTION

● To ensure satisfactory performance and to ascertain whether all

the recommended practice of workmanship is adopted at every
stage an inspection is done.

● As the correct strength of masonry cannot be ascertained

without destruction, a close supervision during the course of
construction is necessary to ensure satisfactory performance.

● The strength of brickwork depends on the strength of individual

brick, strength of mortar, bond and workmanship.

● The engineer in-charge may order for the inspection of the

finished work. If the results of such an inspection proves that the
workmanship or/and the material is not of the standard required,
the work will be rejected and removed forthwith and be replaced
by works of the accepted standard of quality and materials with
no extra cost.

BRICKWORK
S.No Stage Quality Check Labour/Professionals Involved

1. Manufacturing and Testing Dimensions, color, water Quality Engineer

(Physical and Technical absorption, wrapage, Engineer Incharge
Specifications) compression strength,
Efflorescence

2. Procurement Billing quantity Planning/Billing Engineer

Manufacturer's Certificate

3. Storage and Handling Unloading and loading Unskilled labour

Stacking Site Supervisor
Storage Facility

4. Workmanship Soaking Mason- Blueprint reading,

Bond and plumbness physically strong and agile, basic
Mortar Consistency understanding of maths
Courses and Joints Quality Engineer
Curing Site Supervisor

5. Inspection Cross Check / Documentation Executive Engineer/ Assistant

Engineer
BRICKWORK
Quality Standards for Woodwork
 Manufacturing and Testing
1. Maximum permissible moisture
content of timber used for different
purpose (*IS: 287 : 1993 (R2017) )
2. Evaluation of working quality of timber
under different wood working
operations- Method of test(*IS 8292 :
1992 (R2016 )
● Planning and subsequent sanding test
● Turning test
● Shaping, mortizing and boring test
● Moisture content and specific gravity
3. Seasoning of Timber (*IS 1141)
4. Preservation of Timber (*IS 401)
Procurement
●Wood and wooden materials for which compliance with
the regulations concerning forestry in its country or
geographical area of origin has been confirmed by
method under the authorization of associations.
●Potential suppliers must understand exactly what you
require in terms of species, quality control and
certification.
●Preliminary cost information
●Initial Construction Strategy including planning and
preliminary start date.
●Likely volumes requirements at same locations to
avoid difference in colour and grain size .
WOODWORK
 Storage & Handling Workmanship

Recommendations on stacking and storage of ● Plywood Boards

Timber(IS 4082-1996) ○ BWP grade or BWR grade (*IS 303)
○ Marine plywood (*IS 710)
● Timber shall be stored in stacks upon well treated ○ Fire resistant plywood (*IS 5509)
and even surfaced beams, sleepers or brick pillars
so as to be above the ground level by at least 150
● Non-Asbestos Fibre Boards (*IS 14862)
mm.
● Timber shall be stored in stacks upon well treated
and even surfaced beams, sleepers or brick pillars ● Veneered Decorative Plywood (*IS 1328)
so as to be above the ground level by at least 150
mm. ● Panelled And Glazed Shutters
● Heavy weights, such as metal rails or large sections Door Shutters (*IS1003 PART 1)
of wood, are recommended to be placed on the top
of the stack to prevent distortion or warping of the ● Panelled And Glazed Shutters
timber in the stack.
Window and ventilator shutter (*IS1003 PART 2)

● Wood work and joinery (IS1200:Part 21 )

WOODWORK
 INSPECTION

CPWD Specifications and BIS codes provide and various recommendations for
inspecting workmanship and quality, as mentioned below :

1. Mandatory Tests for flush doors *IS 2202 : Part 1

○ End immersion Test
○ Knife test
○ Adhesion Test
2. Mandatory Tests for Mortice Locks *IS 2209 - Testing of spring
3. Door Shutters - Methods of Tests *IS 4020 (Part 1 to 16).
4. Joints and Fixing of Frames
5. Dimensions and Tolerances of Components
6. Surface finish
7. Fixing of Fittings

WOODWORK
Quality Standards for Flooring
 Manufacturing and Testing Procurement

Mandatory Tests
Terrazzo Tiles (IS 1237)- For minimum of 5000 tiles. Information for the manufacturer/supplier
1. Transverse strength
2. Water Absorption ● Batch requirements of each order as per the
3. Abrasion test work need be ascertained, so that there no
Ceramic Tiles (IS 13630)- For minimum of 3000 tiles. difference in the material executed at same
1. Dimensions and Surface quality location / space.
2. Water absorption, compressive strength, acid
resistance as per IS 4457 ● Preliminary cost information
Natural building Stone (IS 1124)
1. Water absorption ● Initial Construction Strategy including planning
2. Apparent specific gravity and preliminary start date.
3. Porosity
● Availability of volumes needed.
● Cement Flooring
● Timber Flooring ● Check quality certification
● Brick Flooring
FLOORING
 Storage & Handling Workmanship

Recommendations on stacking and storage(IS ● Materials used

4082-1996) ● Design considerations-thickness, layers, ingredients
Floor tiles and mix proportion, prevention of cracks
● Shall not be dumped in heaps- Tiles shall be ● Preliminary operations
stacked on regular platform as far as possible ● Preparatory works- handling and storage of materials,
under cover in proper layers and in tiers. mixing if materials
● In the stacks tiles shall also be placed so that ● Spreading the underlayer
the mould surface of one faces the another. ● Laying- Skilled labour
● Height of the stack shall not be more than 1 ● Curing
metre. ● Grinding
● Preferred to transport these on the site in ● Skirting and Dado
platform trolleys. ● Maintenance
Cement
● Cement shall be stacked and stored in bags Code of practice for laying in-situ terrazzo floor finish (IS
and shall be kept free from moisture or any 2114)
dampness.
● Stacked above the floor on wooden planks
with clear distance of 150-200mm from the
floor. Flooring
 Workmanship

● Method of measurement of Building and Civil

Engineering work (Part 11) paving, floor finishes, dado
and skirting (IS 1200)
● Code of practice for laying and finishing of cement
concrete flooring tiles (IS 1443)
● Code of practice for laying in-situ terrazzo floor finish (IS
2114)
● Code of practice for laying in-situ cement concrete
flooring(IS 2571)
● Code of practice for construction of timber floors (IS
3670)
● Code of practice for laying of burnt clay brick floor (IS
5766)

Flooring
 INSPECTION

Quality in flooring is ensured during its laying. However inspection can be carried out to check on
the following:-

● Alignment of tiles/stone/marble should be in one line or as per specifications.

● Acceptable Slope as specified and wherever needed- The surface of the flooring shall be
frequently checked during laying with straight edge of about 2m long so as to attain a true
surface with required slope.
● Cement Flooring- The finished floor shall not sound hollow when tapped with a wooden
mallet. If there is a hollow sound on gently tapping off the slab, such slab shall be removed
and reset properly.
● Marble Flooring- All visible angles and edges of the slabs shall be true, square or as
required, and free from chippings and the surface shall be true and plane.
● Tolerances in thickness of all types of natural stones as specified may be accepted
considering market availability by Engineer-in-Charge.
● Tiles- The joints shall be kept as thin as possible and in straight lines or to suit the required
pattern, unless specified use of specific spacers.

Flooring
Quality Standards for Internal Water
Supply
 Manufacturing and Testing Procurement

Indian Plumbing Association (IPA) and

International Association of Plumbing & ●Measurements of required sizes , lengths and list of
Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) assembly of pipes and fitting need to be checked as
● The Uniform Plumbing Code – India (UPC-I) per layout drawing
● Green Plumbing Code Supplement-India
● Water Efficient Products – India (WEP-I) ●Suitability for application for the project - Diameter,
Sanitary Appliances Thickness, Brand Materials.
● IS 771 (Part 1 to 7)
● IS 772 ●Preliminary cost information
● IS 774
Water supply Pipes ●Initial Construction Strategy including planning and
● PVC IS 4984 : 2016 (5 Revision) preliminary start date.
● UPVC IS 4985 : 2000 (3 Revision)
● CPVC IS 15778 : 2007 ●Likely volumes.
● CI IS 1536 : 2001
Tested for Tolerance w.r.t. Size Thickness Material and
Weight of the products
Internal Water Supply
 Storage & Handling Workmanship

Recommendations on stacking and storage ● Code of practice for building drainage (IS 1742)
(IS 4082-1996)
● The pipes shall be unloaded where they are ● Code of basic requirements for water supply,
required when the trenches are ready to drainage and sanitation (IS 1172 : 1993 (4
receive them.
Revision)
● Storage shall be done on firm, level and clear
ground and wedges shall be provided at the
● Code of practice for water supply in buildings
bottom layer to keep the stack stable.
● The stack shall be in pyramid shape or the
(IS 2065 : 1983 (2 Revision)
pipes length-wise and cross-wise in alternate
layers. ● Code of practice for domestic hot water
● The pyramid stack is advisable in smaller installations (IS 7558 : 1974 )
diameter pipes for conserving space in storing
them. The height of the stack shall not exceed ● Handbook on Water Supply and Drainage (SP
1.5 M. 35 (S&T) : 1987)
● Storage of PVC pipes in heated areas
exceeding 27°C Should be avoided.

Internal Water Supply

 INSPECTION

Quality in Internal water supply is majorly ensured during its laying. However inspection can be
carried out to check on the following:-

● Check for loose connection and leakages

● Inspection for faults or damages to water storage units

● Acceptable water pressure and working of allied fixtures

● Alignment of pipes, stability of holding clamps and protection measures if required.

● Check and replace for damaged or faulty sanitary fixtures after construction activities.

● Inspection for faults or damages to equipments like pumps/motors, overflow systems,

heating equipment, primary filtration provisions, etc.

Flooring
Storage and Stacking
 PART B
Implementation on a site for a medium level project
Quality Management System at Site
● It is mostly observed that success of implementing any quality standards critically begins with top
management.
● The need of establishing the quality, articulating standards and establishing desired outcome is a
priority.
● The manager or person in charges needs to define the quality parameters and closely monitor the
work progress.
● Its an important part of Quality Management System to be implemented on Site.

1. Resource Management
2. Plan and Develop Processes Measurement
3. Analysis and Improvement
4. Documentation and Record Keeping
Quality Management System
1. Resource Management
● Providing the required resources, including personnel, technology and time.
● Ensuring that qualified and competent people are available with appropriate experience and training.
● Training programs, including job-specific requirements and understanding.

2. Plan and Develop Processes

● Activities for the project must be thought over and carefully decided.
● Time-tested and proven procedures may be identified to establish a set of overarching processes and scheduled
works as per the requirements of the project.

3. Measurement, Analysis and Improvement

● Monitoring and measurement need to be conducted to ensure that both the operation and control of these
processes are effective.
● Audits may be performed to ensure that processes, standards and procedures are being properly implemented
and documented.
● A variant of an audit, referred to as an evaluation, can be conducted to ensure the integrity and continual
improvement of work processes.
Internal Audits: The project owners to ensure the integrity typically establish internal audit programs and continuous
improvement of the work processes.
Stakeholder Audits: Quality audits by various stakeholders are permitted and typically require adequate notification to
conduct.
Regulatory Audits: The business or project should offer full cooperation with audits and evaluations.
Person in charge may perform quality checks/audits as per recommendations of standards to keep
conformity as per the requirements and quality. For example :

S.No Activity Procedure/Code Audit Acceptance Responsible Personnel Remark

of Practice Frequency Criteria Action
Required
Contractor/ Operator
Engineer

3
Quality Management System
4. Documentation and Record Keeping

● Records may be generated to validate conformance and compliance with project requirements and applicable
regulations and codes of quality and standards. These need to be maintained in a secure environment for the
project.
● In the case of projects, records are part of the final turn over to the owner/operator for commissioning and
operations.
● Records are established and maintained to provide evidence of conformity and compliance to demonstrate the
effective operation as per the requirements and quality standards.
Reference- Karnataka rural infrastructure development limited
Instructions for quality control at site for buildings

Example
 Karnataka rural infrastructure development limited
Instructions for quality control at site for buildings
General Brickwork : Methodology Process

1. Soak all bricks for a minimum period of one hour before use and remove from tank sufficiently in
advance so that they are skin dry before actual laying.

2. Before laying the bricks in foundation, hack the top surface of the foundation block, clean, wet and
spread a layer of mortar of 12 mm (minimum) thickness, to prepare the surface. In case of masonry
works resting on rock base, lay a leveling layer of 150 mm (average) thickness in concrete of M10 grade.

3. Lay all brickwork in English bond, even and true to line, plumb or specified batter and level. Break all
joints in successive courses and lay joints accurately.

4. Lay all bricks with frogs up, if any on a full bed of mortar. Slightly press the bricks so that the mortar
gets into all hollow space of bricks to ensure proper adhesion. Flush all joints and pack with mortar, to fill
all hollow spaces.

Example
5. Build brickwork in uniform layers so that no part of brickwork shall rise more than one metre above
the general construction level, to avoid unequal settlement and improper jointing.

6. Remove all loose bricks and mortar while joining partially set or entirely set brick masonry with new
one and roughen and wet with cement slurry to achieve proper bond. In case of vertical and inclined
joints, achieve proper bond by inter locking the bricks.

7. Tool all joints on exposed faces to give a concave finish, the thickness of joint not exceeding 10 mm.

8. Keep masonry work in cement mortar constantly moist on all faces for a minimum period of seven
days. Leave the top of masonry work flooded with water at the close of the day. During hot weather wet
or cover all finished or partly completed work to prevent rapid drying of brickwork. Maintain watering and
curing at the close of day’s work or for other period of cessation of works.

9. Erect single scaffolding for plastering, pointing and any finishing in which one end of the putlogs/ pole
shall rest in the hole provided in the header course of brick masonry. Provide double scaffolding having
two independent supports clear of the work when brick work is exposed and not to be finished.

Example
Example
Example
Storage of material

1. Store cement bags on wooden platforms minimum 200 mm above the floor level and minimum 600
mm above ground level whichever is higher in perfectly dry and water tight sheds.
2. Stack and store different types of cement separately, in a manner to facilitate their removal and use
in an ordinary manner.
3. Store lime in weather proof sheds. Store hydrated lime in the same manner as cement and the
period of storage shall not be more than one month
4. Store bricks in regular tiers as they are unloaded to minimize breakage and defacement. Stock
bricks for use in different situations or different types separately.
5. Store sand, stone dust, marble dust etc. at proper place so as to prevent contamination of foreign
material due to wind etc. When stacked on ground, do not remove them from stock pile within 300
mm of the ground.

Example
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THANK YOU