Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Quality Standards For Brickwork and Flooring
Quality Standards For Brickwork and Flooring
QUESTION 2- Discuss quality standards of Brickwork, Woodwork, Flooring and Internal Water
Supply. How will you implement it on site on a medium level construction project?
Presented by-
Group 2
Saloni Aggarwal (SPA/NS/BEM/782)
Vaneet Kaundal (SPA/NS/BEM/789)
PART A
Quality standards of Brickwork, Woodwork, Flooring and Internal Water Supply
Quality control (QC)
● It is the part of quality management that ensures products and services comply with requirements.
● A work method that facilitates the measurement of the quality characteristics of a unit, compares them with the
established standards, and analyses the differences between the results obtained and the desired results in
order to make decisions which will correct any differences.
● It can be done by controlling the technical specifications to ensure that the construction works are carried out
correctly.
● It not only include products and materials, but also the execution and completion of the works.
● One way of controlling quality is based on the inspection or verification of finished products. It is a final
control, located between producer and client.
● Statistical Control- When tests are destructive, the decision to accept or reject a full batch must be made on
the basis of the quality of a random sample.Statistical control can be applied to the final product (acceptance
control) or during the production process (process control).
Quality Control measures can be implemented during these stages of a construction activity.
Quality Standards for Brickwork
Manufacturing and Testing Procurement
BRICKWORK
Storage & Handling Workmanship
Recommendations on stacking and storage of IS: 2212 – 1991 Code deals with the construction of clay
Bricks (IS 4082-1996) brick masonry in general and the erection of clay brick walls
Stacking in particular.
● Bricks shall not be dumped at site- Stacked in
● All the bricks shall be thoroughly soaked in clean water
regular tiers to minimize the breakage and immediately before use.
defacement. ● The space over which the brickwork is to be started
● Brick stacks shall be placed close to the site shall be slightly wetted.
of work so that least effort is required to ● Brick shall be laid on a full bed of mortar to ensure
unload and transport the bricks again. proper adhesion.
● Shall be stacked on dry firm ground. ● Cross joints and wall joints shall be properly flushed
● Bricks of different types shall be stacked and packed with mortar so that no hollow spaces are
separately. left.
Loading and unloading ● Properly filled joints ensure maximum strength and
● Building bricks shall be loaded or unloaded a resistance to penetration of moisture.
pair at a time unless palletised. ● Care shall be taken to ensure that the brick work is
kept wet for seven days commencing from 24 hours.
● Unloading of building bricks or handling in any
other way likely to damage the corners or
edges or other parts of bricks shall not be
permitted. BRICKWORK
INSPECTION
BRICKWORK
S.No Stage Quality Check Labour/Professionals Involved
1. Maximum permissible moisture ●Wood and wooden materials for which compliance with
content of timber used for different the regulations concerning forestry in its country or
purpose (*IS: 287 : 1993 (R2017) ) geographical area of origin has been confirmed by
2. Evaluation of working quality of timber method under the authorization of associations.
under different wood working
operations- Method of test(*IS 8292 : ●Potential suppliers must understand exactly what you
require in terms of species, quality control and
1992 (R2016 )
certification.
● Planning and subsequent sanding test
● Turning test
●Preliminary cost information
● Shaping, mortizing and boring test
● Moisture content and specific gravity
●Initial Construction Strategy including planning and
3. Seasoning of Timber (*IS 1141)
preliminary start date.
4. Preservation of Timber (*IS 401)
●Likely volumes requirements at same locations to
avoid difference in colour and grain size .
WOODWORK
Storage & Handling Workmanship
WOODWORK
INSPECTION
CPWD Specifications and BIS codes provide and various recommendations for
inspecting workmanship and quality, as mentioned below :
WOODWORK
Quality Standards for Flooring
Manufacturing and Testing Procurement
Mandatory Tests
Terrazzo Tiles (IS 1237)- For minimum of 5000 tiles. Information for the manufacturer/supplier
1. Transverse strength
2. Water Absorption ● Batch requirements of each order as per the
3. Abrasion test work need be ascertained, so that there no
Ceramic Tiles (IS 13630)- For minimum of 3000 tiles. difference in the material executed at same
1. Dimensions and Surface quality location / space.
2. Water absorption, compressive strength, acid
resistance as per IS 4457 ● Preliminary cost information
Natural building Stone (IS 1124)
1. Water absorption ● Initial Construction Strategy including planning
2. Apparent specific gravity and preliminary start date.
3. Porosity
● Availability of volumes needed.
● Cement Flooring
● Timber Flooring ● Check quality certification
● Brick Flooring
FLOORING
Storage & Handling Workmanship
Flooring
INSPECTION
Quality in flooring is ensured during its laying. However inspection can be carried out to check on
the following:-
Flooring
Quality Standards for Internal Water
Supply
Manufacturing and Testing Procurement
Recommendations on stacking and storage ● Code of practice for building drainage (IS 1742)
(IS 4082-1996)
● The pipes shall be unloaded where they are ● Code of basic requirements for water supply,
required when the trenches are ready to drainage and sanitation (IS 1172 : 1993 (4
receive them.
Revision)
● Storage shall be done on firm, level and clear
ground and wedges shall be provided at the
● Code of practice for water supply in buildings
bottom layer to keep the stack stable.
● The stack shall be in pyramid shape or the
(IS 2065 : 1983 (2 Revision)
pipes length-wise and cross-wise in alternate
layers. ● Code of practice for domestic hot water
● The pyramid stack is advisable in smaller installations (IS 7558 : 1974 )
diameter pipes for conserving space in storing
them. The height of the stack shall not exceed ● Handbook on Water Supply and Drainage (SP
1.5 M. 35 (S&T) : 1987)
● Storage of PVC pipes in heated areas
exceeding 27°C Should be avoided.
Quality in Internal water supply is majorly ensured during its laying. However inspection can be
carried out to check on the following:-
● Check and replace for damaged or faulty sanitary fixtures after construction activities.
Flooring
Storage and Stacking
PART B
Implementation on a site for a medium level project
Quality Management System at Site
● It is mostly observed that success of implementing any quality standards critically begins with top
management.
● The need of establishing the quality, articulating standards and establishing desired outcome is a
priority.
● The manager or person in charges needs to define the quality parameters and closely monitor the
work progress.
● Its an important part of Quality Management System to be implemented on Site.
1. Resource Management
2. Plan and Develop Processes Measurement
3. Analysis and Improvement
4. Documentation and Record Keeping
Quality Management System
1. Resource Management
● Providing the required resources, including personnel, technology and time.
● Ensuring that qualified and competent people are available with appropriate experience and training.
● Training programs, including job-specific requirements and understanding.
3
Quality Management System
4. Documentation and Record Keeping
● Records may be generated to validate conformance and compliance with project requirements and applicable
regulations and codes of quality and standards. These need to be maintained in a secure environment for the
project.
● In the case of projects, records are part of the final turn over to the owner/operator for commissioning and
operations.
● Records are established and maintained to provide evidence of conformity and compliance to demonstrate the
effective operation as per the requirements and quality standards.
Reference- Karnataka rural infrastructure development limited
Instructions for quality control at site for buildings
Example
Karnataka rural infrastructure development limited
Instructions for quality control at site for buildings
General Brickwork : Methodology Process
1. Soak all bricks for a minimum period of one hour before use and remove from tank sufficiently in
advance so that they are skin dry before actual laying.
2. Before laying the bricks in foundation, hack the top surface of the foundation block, clean, wet and
spread a layer of mortar of 12 mm (minimum) thickness, to prepare the surface. In case of masonry
works resting on rock base, lay a leveling layer of 150 mm (average) thickness in concrete of M10 grade.
3. Lay all brickwork in English bond, even and true to line, plumb or specified batter and level. Break all
joints in successive courses and lay joints accurately.
4. Lay all bricks with frogs up, if any on a full bed of mortar. Slightly press the bricks so that the mortar
gets into all hollow space of bricks to ensure proper adhesion. Flush all joints and pack with mortar, to fill
all hollow spaces.
Example
5. Build brickwork in uniform layers so that no part of brickwork shall rise more than one metre above
the general construction level, to avoid unequal settlement and improper jointing.
6. Remove all loose bricks and mortar while joining partially set or entirely set brick masonry with new
one and roughen and wet with cement slurry to achieve proper bond. In case of vertical and inclined
joints, achieve proper bond by inter locking the bricks.
7. Tool all joints on exposed faces to give a concave finish, the thickness of joint not exceeding 10 mm.
8. Keep masonry work in cement mortar constantly moist on all faces for a minimum period of seven
days. Leave the top of masonry work flooded with water at the close of the day. During hot weather wet
or cover all finished or partly completed work to prevent rapid drying of brickwork. Maintain watering and
curing at the close of day’s work or for other period of cessation of works.
9. Erect single scaffolding for plastering, pointing and any finishing in which one end of the putlogs/ pole
shall rest in the hole provided in the header course of brick masonry. Provide double scaffolding having
two independent supports clear of the work when brick work is exposed and not to be finished.
Example
Example
Example
Storage of material
1. Store cement bags on wooden platforms minimum 200 mm above the floor level and minimum 600
mm above ground level whichever is higher in perfectly dry and water tight sheds.
2. Stack and store different types of cement separately, in a manner to facilitate their removal and use
in an ordinary manner.
3. Store lime in weather proof sheds. Store hydrated lime in the same manner as cement and the
period of storage shall not be more than one month
4. Store bricks in regular tiers as they are unloaded to minimize breakage and defacement. Stock
bricks for use in different situations or different types separately.
5. Store sand, stone dust, marble dust etc. at proper place so as to prevent contamination of foreign
material due to wind etc. When stacked on ground, do not remove them from stock pile within 300
mm of the ground.
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
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