Kamid Buhari Manuscript

SECTORAL SATISFACTION ON COMMUNITY POLICING
ACTIVITIES IN PIKIT, COTABATO
BUHARI G. KAMID
Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Department of Criminal Justice Education,

College of Art and Social Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao,
Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
MONTH
JANUARY 2024
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
The researcher was born on December 14, 1997 in Paidu Pulangi, Pikit,
Cotabato. He is the second son among the five (5) children of Mr. Eddie Indong
Kamid and Mrs. Norhata Guiaplos Kamid.
The researcher finished elementary education at Datu Bitol
Mangansakan Memorial Elementary School, Paidu Pulangi, Pikit, Cotabato.
Then, he finished high school education in Datu Bitol Mangansakan Memorial
High School. He pursued tertiary education at the University of Southern
Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato and took Bachelor of Science in Criminology as
his degree.
BUHARI G. KAMID
Researcher
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to express his sincere gratitude to the following
individuals who have played pivotal roles in the completion of this study:
Ma’am Mariz P. Balquin, PhD, the Chairperson of Criminal Justice
Education and her adviser, for her unwavering support, mentorship, and
patience throughout this research journey. Her expertise and encouragement
have been instrumental in shaping this work.
Sir Marcos F. Monderin, MA, JD, the College of Arts and Social Sciences’
Dean, for allowing this study to be conducted.
Sir Vicente T. Delos Reyes, PhD, the Department Research Coordinator,
for his guidance and feedback that were invaluable to me.
Ma’am Roselyn M. Clemen, MPA and Sir Bernard M. Escarza, MA, for
their professional comments and suggestions as the examining panel.
Great appreciation to Jay, Andrei, Hamsamin, Aldihan, Bads, Omar,
Saudi, Datu Ali, Nhaif, Haidar, and Norhasim, for their friendship and support
from the very beginning. Sir Zuharto G. Dadtugan, Shafier Usman and Norman
Utto, for them, conflict academic schedule is not a hindrance to cheer and
support the researcher that spiritually and morally helped the researcher finish
this work.
iii
Especially, he would like to thank his dearest Morsalin Dimampao for
pushing him to finish this study, even he is on the verge of quitting, she would
still encourage the researcher to finish what he have started.
Unending thanks to his loving mother, Norhata G. Kamid, and to his
father, Eddie I. Kamid, for their unwavering belief in the researcher which has
been a constant source of motivation. Their love and support have sustained
the researcher through the challenges of this endeavor.
Above all, to the Almighty Allah (S.W.T) for hearing his prayers and
blessing him knowledge. Alhamdulillah.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
PRELIMINARIES
Title Page i
Approval of Thesis Manuscript Error!

Bookmark not defined.
Acceptance of Thesis Error!

Bookmark not defined.
Biograpgical Data ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures ix
List of Appendices xi
Abstract xii
INTRODUCTION 1
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9
Community Oriented Policing Activities 9

Level of Satisfaction on Community Policing Activities 12
Business Sector 13
Education Sector 16
Government Sector 17
Youth Sector 18
Religious Sector 19
Public Trust in the Police 20
vii
Related Studies 22
METHODOLOGY 24
Research Design 24
Locale of the Study 24
Respondents of the Study 25
Sampling Procedure 25
Research Instrument 25
Data Gathering Procedure 26
Statistical Analysis 26
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28
Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit

on Community Policing Activities in terms of Police Visibility 28
Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on

Community Policing Activities in Terms of Police Community Relation. 32
Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on

Community Policing Activities in Terms of Police Checkpoint. 38
Level of Trust of Sectoral Groups in the Police Officers 43
Significant difference between the level of satisfaction of resident 53
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55
LITERATURE CITED 58
APPENDICES 62
CURRICULUM VITAE 78
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion,

1 Pikit on Community Policing Activities in terms of 31
Police Visibility

2 Pikit on Community Policing Activities in terms of 36
Police Community Relation

2.1 Pikit on Community Policing Activities in terms of 42
Police Checkpoint
Level of Trust of Sectoral Groups to the Police

3 Officers 51
Significant difference between the level of

3.1 satisfaction of residents according to sectoral 54
classification.
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
1 Conceptual Framework 8
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Title Page
A Actual Budget of the Research 63
B Application for Manuscript Defense 64
C Letter to the Department Chairperson 65
D Letter to the Dean 66
E Letter to the Barangay Captain 67
F Informed Consent Form 68
G Survey Questionnaire 70
H Reliability Test 74
I Certificate of Statistical Analysis 75
J Certification of English Critic 76
K Certification of Expert Validation 77
x
ABSTRACT
KAMID, BUHARI G. 2024. Sectoral Satisfaction on Community Policing

Activities in Pikit, Cotabato. BSCrim Thesis. College of Arts and Social
Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. 90 pp
Adviser: MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD
The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction of local
residents on community policing activities implemented by the Philippine
National Police (PNP) in Poblacion Pikit, Cotabato. It aimed to determine the
level of satisfaction of the residents on community policing activities, the level
of trust of sectoral groups in the police officers, and lastly, the significant
difference in the level of satisfaction of the residents when analyzed according
to their sectoral classification. Throughout extensive evaluation on the data
gathered, the study concluded that majority of residents are satisfied in terms of
police visibility, police-community relations, and police checkpoints. In terms of
level of trust, only the government sectors who trust PNP in addressing
community concerns and issues, while the majority of residents in sectoral
groups in business, education, religion, and youth are not satisfied. Additionally,
sectoral groups in business, education, government, religious, and youth are
satisfied with PNP manner and ethics. Furthermore, there is no significant
difference in the level of satisfaction of the residents when analyzed according
to their sectoral classification.
x
Keywords: Community Policing, PNP and Residents.
x
1
INTRODUCTION
The community policing model has resulted in beneficial and
collaborative relationships between the public and the police in numerous
communities. Novak et al. (2003) stated that the development of such
relationships creates an interdependence between the public and the police,
who must do their share to bring about meaningful improvements in public
safety. Communities across the United States have expressed satisfaction with
the interactive and interpersonal nature of the community policing model,
indicating the model's relatively new and growing importance in our
neighborhoods (Ford, 2020).
The adoption of community policing calls for a commitment over an
extended period of time. This constitutes a substantial divergence from both the
traditional methods of policing and the image that is conveyed of police
personnel in the media. Prevention or collaboration techniques are used either
as an alternative to or in addition to repressive approaches. As a consequence
of this, community policing is pitted against other institutional logics at play
within police forces, such as the fight against criminal activity and the exercise
of managerial control (Terpstra & Salet, 2019).
Many people in the area, especially in the South, are afraid to leave their
homes due to the high crime and violent death rates. Despite their importance
in reducing crime and violence, police officers are often the ones who inflict
2
unwarranted harm on innocent bystanders. By fostering better police visibility,
police-community interactions, and the employment of problem-oriented
policing approaches that address people's problems, community policing strives
to improve outcomes. When citizens help police solve problems and the police
respond positively, trust is bolstered and future cooperation is made easier.
Community policing has spread to every continent, although it has been shown
to be successful in developed nations, there is less systematic evidence that it
does the same for countries in the Global South in terms of building trust and
decreasing crime rates. (Blair et al., 2021)
Anent to this, locally, it has been a decade of killing incidents and other
related chaos activities in the town of the Pikit that made its part of history and
majority of the cases were in floating status or unsolved, therefore, the
researcher wants to determine if the residents are satisfied on the policing
activities implemented by the PNP in the locality amidst the controversy of
killings in Pikit, Cotabato.
The general objective of the study is to determine the level of satisfaction
of the residents of Poblacion, Pikit, Cotabato on Community Policing Activities
implemented by PNP in the said area, to determine the level of trust of sectoral
groups to the police officer, and, to determine the significant difference on the
level of satisfaction of the residents when analyzed according to their sectoral
classification.
3
This study is beneficial to the following: first and foremost, the people of
Pikit will gain from this research since it provides a forum for them to share their
thoughts on the community policing initiatives in their area. Second, this study
will facilitate the expression of opinion and feeling across all sectors regarding
the PNP's police system, and it will serve as a reference or basis for the local
law enforcement of Pikit to see the gray areas of their activities and for further
refinement. And lastly, this will be useful for scholarly and academic work on the
topic of satisfaction in law enforcement in the future.
Pikit residents can use this study to gauge the effectiveness of local law
enforcement and voice their thoughts on community policing initiatives.
The Pikit police force can use the survey results as a springboard for
improvement by focusing on areas where respondents have expressed
concerns.
The study was conducted in Poblacion, Pikit, Cotabato during the 1st
semester of the year 2023-2024.
Operational Definition of Terms
Business Sector – a specific industry or field of economic activity in which
companies and organizations operate. It represents a broad
categorization of businesses that share common characteristics,
products, or services.
4
Community Policing Activity – a concept that promotes the use of
collaboration and problem-solving strategies to address public safety
concerns such as crime, social disorder, and crime fear. Its
organizational strategies help to assist the systematic approach to
addressing the immediate factors that cause these challenges.
Education Sector - various entities providing public education. These entities
include education providers, schools, colleges, universities,
organizations, agencies, businesses, and government bodies such as
unity assemblies, councils, legislatures, senates, houses of
representatives, parliaments, and local or regional governments. Each
plays a role in fulfilling the responsibility and purpose of educating the
public.
Government Sector - the total macroeconomic sector that comprises all levels
of government (federal, state, and local). The major job of the
government sector, often known as the public sector, is to impose on the
rest of the economy resource allocation decisions that would not be
made otherwise.
Level of Trust - refers to the confidence, faith, or belief that individuals or
communities have in the ability of law enforcement personnel to carry out
their duties effectively, fairly, and in accordance with the law, while also
upholding the principles of justice and maintaining the safety and security
of the community.
5
Police checkpoint - a law enforcement practice where officers set up a
designated location on a road or highway to stop and inspect vehicles
and their occupants.
Police-community Relation - a philosophy and approach to law enforcement
that emphasizes building positive and collaborative relationships
between police departments and the communities they serve.
Police Visibility - presence and availability of law enforcement officers in public
areas and within communities. It involves police officers being readily
seen and accessible to the public as they patrol, monitor, or engage with
the community.
Sectoral Satisfaction - how happy someone is with their job in a specific
industry. It includes things like company culture, team dynamics, growth
opportunities, and recognition. It's important for overall job satisfaction
and well-being.
Youth Sector – youth-serving community-based organizations often work
outside of the classroom.

6
Hypothesis of the Study
The hypothesis of the study will be tested at 0.05 level of significance.
Ho: There is no significant difference on the level of satisfaction of the
residents when analyzed according to their sectoral classification in terms of:
a. Business sector
b. Educational sector
c. Government sector
d. Youth sector
e. Religious sector
7
Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on the Theory of Community Policing
(Trojanowicz,1992), which is based on Normative Sponsorship Theory and
Critical Social Theory. Under order to meet their own needs, most individuals
are assumed to be cooperative under Normative Sponsorship Theory. Police
and people can benefit from critical social science by better understanding the
proximate causes of their challenges. In community policing, people and law
enforcement work together to address issues in their area, with the goals of
appeasing locals' concerns and improving their quality of life. A community
police officer's duties are similar to those of a social scientist who acts as a
problem-solving facilitator and catalyst.
Citizens' participation in issue definition, planning, and implementation,
as well as the evaluation of whether or not their requirements have been
satisfied, are crucial to community policing's success. Founded on the premises
of normative sponsorship theory, community policing is an example of critical
social science in practice.

8
Conceptual Framework
Level of Satisfaction on
Sectoral Classification Community Policing
Activities
Figure 1. This figure shows the conceptual framework of the study

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This portion of the paper synthesized research given in local and
international journals that addressed the topic of sectoral satisfaction on
community policing initiatives.
Community Oriented Policing Activities
Among the most well-known police-community relationships is
Community Oriented Policing (COP). Accountability, decentralization,
collaboration, and problem-solving adjustments within law enforcement
agencies are essential to the success of COP (Connell et al., 2008).
Numerous COP efforts are now underway in various parts of the
country, each with its particular specialization. For instance, the LAPD's
Community Safety Partnership (CSP) program seeks to reduce crime while
strengthening ties between CSP officers and locals who have a stake in the
department's success (Leap et al., 2020). The National Police
Athletic/Activities League (PAL) seeks to minimize adolescent criminality and
violence via mentoring, community service, athletics, and other extracurricular
activities. PAL's overarching mission is to reduce juvenile crime, and one way
it does this is through fostering better relationships between young people and
law enforcement. Teens aged 14 and up can participate in the Phoenix Police
10
Department's Cadet Program, which introduces students to professions in law
enforcement through social events, community service, leadership training,
personal fitness training, and outdoor activities (Phoenix Police Cadet
Program, n.d.). 'Enforcement,' which may mean anything from lowering crime
rates to introducing individuals to jobs in law enforcement, is the primary or
overarching goal of many communities policing efforts (Padilla et al., 2023).
Law enforcement agencies require a sufficient number of personnel to
assign patrol officers to manageable geographic zones if they are to maximize
opportunities for involvement with the community. They should also give
incentives for police who adhere to these regulations, as well as providing
problem-solving training for patrol officers and administrators (Leap et al.,
2020). Technology can also strengthen communal partnerships. According to
Hickman and Reaves (2001), crime mapping in communities can help
institutions evaluate problems and develop lasting solutions.
Having a common goal, like reducing crime in the area, can strengthen the
efficacy of a regional data sharing agreement. To be successful, this initiative
requires the use of state-of-the-art resources by all collaborating organizations.
A written agreement between the police and government organizations involved
in the data sharing collaboration is useful for addressing privacy concerns
regarding privacy and outlining the purpose to solve problems. Instead of trying
to exchange regional data between jurisdictions, it may be more efficient to

11
focus on partnerships inside a particular jurisdiction in order to handle local
problems (Boba et al., 2009).
In community-based crime prevention, also known as proactive problem-
solving, police personnel look beyond individual events to address systemic
issues. Police officers have been trained to collect data that will help them solve
societal problems and prevent future crimes (Tyler et al., 2015).
In the Philippine context, Community policing initiatives consist of police
outreach, police presence, and police checkpoints. It stresses the need of
community involvement and collaboration. Managers in the police department
will see the connections between their work and those of social service
organizations that assist with things like housing, welfare, and finding a job. The
police force of the future will see itself as part of a larger community-wide
initiative to not just reduce crime but also enhance residents' quality of life.
Reference: (2012's Police Community Relations Manual).
Joaquin (2005) found that the training and technology accessible to the
police force in her study on police community relations and the efficacy of the
PNP in the province of Ilocos Norte. Motivating the police force requires offering
them the same respect and opportunity as the rest of the public.
To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of local law enforcement, it
is essential that the police chief and officers work together to foster positive
police-community relations.
12
Level of Satisfaction on Community Policing Activities
The impact of community policing on crime, fear of crime, public
satisfaction with police, and police officer work satisfaction are just some of
the topics that have been the focus of empirical study. Citizens who have a
positive impression of the police are less likely to feel unsafe, are more inclined
to help authorities, and are less likely to conduct crimes themselves, according
to the vast majority of studies (Tyler, 2003).
The impacts of crime on our economy, health, and happiness are
widespread and far-reaching. The quality of life for both individuals and the
larger community is negatively impacted by crime. But the police force is the
most obviously available to tackle crime around the clock, every day of the
week. According to Morgan (2001), law enforcement's main job is to stop
criminals from breaking the law and apprehend those who do. However, it is
impossible for the police to combat crime without the active participation of the
community.
The term "community relations" refers to the measures taken by the
criminal justice system as a whole to boost its reputation in residential areas.
For example, the phrase "Police cannot succeed in solving or preventing crime
without the assistance of the community" lends credence to this point of view.
Therefore, cooperation and involvement from the public are necessary for
efficient crime prevention. This conclusion emphasizes the need for cooperation
13
between the community, local government, and law enforcement in the fight
against crime. This has led several countries to prioritize community policing.
Understanding the dynamics of human relations, agents of the criminal
justice system is a must to be able to utilize and implement the various
techniques designed to reach the community (Sombrio & Branca, 2017).
Community policing is currently the most effective method of policing.
Business Sector
According to The University of Kansas (2023), either the community
as a whole or its residents as individuals and groups gain from community-
friendly policies. They work to bind community ties and encourage positive
development and growth. Community-friendly policies in some communities
may also help the community maintain its unique characteristics, historic
buildings, and traditions rather than forcing it to fit into a different mold.
Others may benefit from the change or adaptation that community-friendly
policies can bring about. In the end, these are measures that improve the
community's health and quality of life. In order to enhance community life,
promote community development, and build healthy communities, businesses
and the government can adopt certain social, health, economic, and
environmental policies. This section discusses these policies and how
community builders can persuade them to do so. The community's needs
should always be taken into account when making policy decisions.

14
Businesses and the government must begin to view communities not
only as places where people live but also as a shared experience in which
each member participates and gains something. In reality, there are many
different types of community-friendly policies, such as those that are social,
health-related, economic, or environmental. Under "social," we could group
"political" and "cultural," which can be the outcomes of either business or
government or even both. They might be unintentional byproducts of self-
interest or they might be directly aimed at goals that benefit the community.
In that implementing such policies may be advantageous to a business, a
branch or agency of government, a public servant, and the community,
they frequently combine the advantages of the two. Governments can enact
social policies on behalf of entire communities, states, or nations; businesses
can do the same for their own employees or, in some cases, for all workers
in a specific group or industry through a trade association or agreement. in
favor of local arts and culture. Businesses can significantly improve the quality
of community life by sponsoring events, putting art on display in public areas
of their buildings (as many banks do), and in other ways to support leisure.
Numerous companies support local sports leagues, charity golf outings, and
youth sports teams.
Many businesses give their employees the option of becoming part-
owners by allowing them to purchase company shares. This can be
dangerous because many Enron employees who made significant

15
investments in the company lost everything when it failed, but it also means
that employees have a voice in how the business is run and a stake in its
success. A company that tries to source materials and supplies locally, even
if it results in a small price premium, is following a policy that supports the
neighborhood. Restaurants frequently work to support regional agriculture
by, for instance, making direct purchases from local farmers. Numerous
companies keep an on-site fitness center (gym, workout area, outdoor jogging
track, etc.), sponsor walking or jogging clubs or lunchtime sports, or offer to
pay for employees' health club memberships. Businesses have the option of
only providing healthy food in their on-site cafeterias. Employees who eat
well can control their weight and prevent diabetes, heart disease, and a
variety of other illnesses. The business sends out a crew of workers on a
regular basis to clean up the roadside in order to maintain a mile or two of
local roadway free of trash and debris. Many businesses take part in
beautification activities that are also good for the environment, like planting
flowers and trees on their lots and cleaning them up. The adoption of
community-friendly policies is frequently more complex than simply choosing
one course of action over another for business or the government. It involves
a shift in perspective regarding a community's makeup and what matters to
the economy and society. Promoting community-friendly policies may
therefore require time and careful consideration.

16
Education Sector
Comrie (2019) stated that any environment, including schools, can
benefit from community policing. School resource officers (SROs) and school
safety staff can help create a productive and rewarding environment for
students, teachers, and administrators by adhering to community policing.
SROs are able to provide positive interactions between youth and law
enforcement while also serving as a strong role model for students. The idea
behind community policing is that law enforcement and the community should
collaborate to ensure everyone in the community is safe. A law enforcement
agency can approach public safety in a thorough, proactive manner by
participating in partnerships, problem-solving, and organizational change.
Some students find that the SRO gives them a chance to work constructively
and non-confrontationally with law enforcement. It is crucial that educational
institutions and law enforcement organizations come to an understanding
regarding the obligations and responsibilities of SROs, as well as their
function in terms of punishment and discipline. To help students, teachers,
staff, and school administrators create a safe environment, officers can use
the community policing principles of problem-solving, partnerships, and
organizational transformation.
17
Government Sector
Furthermore, when community policing incorporates the general public
into police institutions, many governments have come to the realization that they
can no longer monopolize the business of security in local domains. This
approach calls for a paradigm shift. People are more than ever required to play
many complementary roles in the security affairs of their communities, as
opposed to leaving the job of policing entirely to the state and the police.
Consequently, the state (or government) has no mandate to identify the people's
security needs, but the people themselves should make the final decision
regarding their own security. In light of this, a lot of governments have started
to implement community policing for efficient security management. It is crucial
to rally support for community policing as soon as possible. Police chiefs must
gain support from all levels of the organization both internally and externally,
including from the local government, public and private agencies, the media, as
well as other policing organizations in a particular community or across the
country. Despite the rising popularity of community policing, one of the
fundamental difficulties facing law enforcement agencies has persisted as a
result of the inability to accurately define the term. The conceptual issue may
simply be caused by the philosophical principles that support different things to
different people because of the concept (Kasali et al., 2016)

18
Youth Sector
Carter (2023) argued that police departments use community policing
as a method of law enforcement in an effort to improve relations between
citizens, particularly youths, and police officers. In order to jointly identify and
solve problems, community policing aims to enhance police-community
interaction and communication. Depending on the needs of their community,
law enforcement agencies can employ a variety of community policing
strategies. By collaborating with local residents to identify and address issues,
community policing aims to increase public safety. Police officers address
issues relating to crime, youth, and community well-being in collaboration with
neighborhood institutions like schools, churches, and social service
organizations. Specialized initiatives like youth mentoring, anti-gang
campaigns, and task forces for community-based policing concentrate on
particular problems or populations. Community policing may be effective in
lowering crime for a number of reasons. The first benefit of community policing
is the increase in community and police trust. Respect and trust are increased
when the police collaborate with the community to identify and address issues.
Second, through community policing, the police are able to build rapport with
the residents of their beats. People are more likely to report crimes or give
information about criminal activity when there is a good rapport between them.
Another strategy is for organizations to host neighborhood gatherings like
block parties, barbecues, and youth sports leagues. Residents have the
19
chance to interact with police officers at these events in a friendly
environment.
Religious Sector
Localized religious conflict has not yet been addressed as a significant
focus of community policing, despite being a key component of its policy. The
goal of community policing is to promote peace through long-term processes
of communication, problem-solving, and shared management. It adopts a
citizen-centric approach. In order for community policing to be successful,
various agencies must work together and in concert. Working together with
other agencies is necessary in order to manage crowds, traffic patterns, and
processions, as well as support from the public—many members of which
volunteer their time to support the police. Successful policing requires an
inherited institutional infrastructure that incorporates the types of resources
used by community police: long-standing relationships with members and
leaders of local religious groups as well as of other societal groups, in-depth
familiarity with local religious practices of which festival observance is only
one of many, cooperative working relations with the city, state, and national
administrations, a history of protecting human rights that aspires to the same
standards as the community police, and a history of working with the local,
state. Community policing is dependent on a political, administrative, and
strategic infrastructure, especially when it comes to resolving disputes

20
between religious or ideological groups (Kapoor et al., 2022).
Public Trust in the Police
Only when police act fairly, equally, professionally, and firmly can the
public have faith in them. The police have been given the responsibility of
maintaining order, which includes the authorization to use physical force if
necessary.
As Gagnon and Fox (2021) point out, in democracies where citizens have
a say in whether or not the police have the right to act in their name, public faith
in the police is crucial.
Crisp (2017) argues that people have faith in the police when they are
able to ensure their safety. Legitimacy, defined as "the judgment that ordinary
citizens make about the rightfulness of police conduct and the organizations that
employ and supervise them" (Emsley, 2013), is enabled by trust since it rests
on the assumptions of goodwill, loyalty, and a common ethical framework.
People are more likely to help the police in their efforts to maintain order and
keep the peace when they believe the police are legitimate and can be trusted.
However, one cannot just assume such faith. As Emsley (2013) points out, trust
is easily broken because of how precarious it is in most human relationships.
According to him, variables both inside and outside of police control affect the
level and presence of trust. Distrust in law enforcement is widespread in post-
conflict and post-authoritarian cultures with high levels of social division

21
(Mourtgos et al., 2017). It has been observed that trust allows people to simplify
their lives and feel more secure by taking their important connections for granted
(Warren, 2019).
Crisp (2017) claims that people have varying degrees of faith in the
police's sincerity and concern for the communities they patrol. Public confidence
in law enforcement arises when the public recognizes police officers as
trustworthy professionals committed to upholding the law and carrying out their
institutional duties on behalf of all residents. According to Gross and Gavin
(2020), public faith in authorities like the police depends on whether or not they
use that power for the benefit of the people they are sworn to protect and serve.
According to Sato (2017), a rational choice explanation of trust requires
both the knowledge of the trustor and the knowledge of the trusted. It's obvious
that the foundations of trust are the trustee's motivations and knowledge. Only
when residents have a solid understanding of the police and their methods, as
well as clear expectations of what to expect from them, will they be able to put
their faith in law enforcement.
The police must earn the public's trust by living up to the public's
reasonable expectations of them. Trusting someone comes with its own set of
dangers and rewards (Sato, 2017), and individuals are more likely to give their
trust to the police if they believe it will help them get the services they need.
When the public lacks sufficient understanding of the individuals and there are
no incentives to trust them, distrust in the police will increase. The rational
22
choice framework makes observable assumptions about the development of
public trust in law enforcement.
Related Studies
The study entitled “Citizen Satisfaction with Police and Community
Policing’’ conducted by Yuksel and Tepe (2013) attempts to clarify the topic
of how happy locals are with their police force in a community policing setting.
In particular, it hopes to examine how factors like police interaction quality and
assessments of police performance in terms of engagement with the
community affect things like victimization and a sense of neighborhood safety.
According to the results, assessments of police performance were the single
most critical factor in determining whether or not citizens were satisfied with
the police. Safetiness perception was a modest predictor of resident
happiness. The research verified the hypothesized dissatisfaction of persons
who had experienced past victimization or a lack of safety with the police
force. Implications for community policing initiatives to boost civilian
satisfaction with police were found. The study validates the value of the
central idea of community policing by showing a favorable correlation between
police ratings in terms of engagement with the public and increased
satisfaction with police. In this regard, it is crucial for police forces to garner
public support and engagement.
Many studies have been undertaken on the impact of community

23
policing on crime, fear of crime, public satisfaction with police, and police
officer job satisfaction, as stated by Tyler (2003). Those who have a positive
impression of the police are less likely to conduct crimes themselves, less
likely to dread being a victim, and more willing to collaborate with them.
According to Hwang et al. (2006), several researchers have found that
citizens' perceptions of their own safety are a crucial factor in their level of
satisfaction. When adjusting for factors like ethnicity and age, most studies
found that people who felt comfortable in their areas also had a positive view
of law enforcement.
In another study entitled “Community Satisfaction on Philippine National
Police Services’’, Auguis et al. (2018) used descripted method to determine the
level of satisfaction of the Philippine National Police’s Services in Nasipit,
Agusan del Norte Philippines as basis of development program. Results
revealed that the majority of respondents to the survey strongly agreed that the
PNP does a good job of enforcing the law, maintaining public order, fostering
positive relationships within the community, and ensuring the public's sense of
safety.
24
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The researcher used the descriptive – comparative design. The design
considers two variables as not manipulated and establishes a formal procedure
to conclude that one is better than the other.
Locale of the Study
The study was conducted in Poblacion, Pikit, Cotabato from 2023-2024.
Pikit, officially the Municipality of Pikit (Maguindanaon: Ingud nu Pikit; Iranun:
Inged a Pikit; Hiligaynon: Banwa sang Pikit; Cebuano: Lungsod sa Pikit;
Tagalog: Bayan ng Pikit), is a first class municipality in the province of Cotabato,
Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 154,441
people.
It is the most populous municipality and local government unit in the
province of Cotabato. The municipality is bounded on the north by the
Municipality of Aleosan, on the south by Pagalungan, Maguindanao, on the
west by the Municipality of Midsayap and the Liguasan Marsh and on the east
by the Municipality of Datu Montawal.

25
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were grouped according to their sectoral
classification. Each sector had thirty (30) respondents, totaling one hundred fifty
(150) respondents, divided among five (5) sectors.
Sampling Procedure
Convenience sampling was used in this study, it is a non-probabilistic
sampling technique in which units are included in the sample because they are
the most accessible to the researcher, and equal allocation sampling is a
method used in statistics to select a representative sample from a population.
Research Instrument
This study used adapted questionnaire based on the 2012 Revised
Police Community Relations Manual as a tool to gather primary data. The first
part of the questionnaire focused on determining the level of satisfaction on
community policing activities. The second part of the questionnaire focused on
the level of trust of respondents to the police officers.

26
Data Gathering Procedure
The following are the procedure conducted by the researcher to gather
necessary data for the research: first, the researcher identified the respondents
after recognizing that he had a letter of permission to gather data as prepared.
After that, the researcher spoke to the barangay officials, explicitly to the
barangay chairman, and requested permission to perform the study before
administering the questionnaire. Upon approval, the researcher further
conducted the study and established a report for the respondents to answer the
sectoral satisfaction on community policing activities in Poblacion Pikit,
Cotabato.
Statistical Analysis
The data gathered were tallied and analyzed using the following
statistical tools:
Frequency counts and percentages were used to describe the
respondents' sectoral classification.
Mean was used to assess the level of satisfaction of the residents of
Poblacion, Pikit regarding Community Policing Activities.
ANOVA or Analysis of Variance was used to determine if there was a
significant difference in the level of satisfaction among the residents when
analyzed according to their sectoral classification.

27
To interpret the mean, a four-point Likert scale was used, with the
following criteria for data interpretation:
SCALE WEIGHTS
DESCRIPTIVE
INTERPRETATIONS
4 3.50 - 4.0 Highly Satisfied
3 2.50 - 3.49 Satisfied
2 1.50 - 2.49 Dissatisfied
1 1.0 - 1.49 Highly Dissatisfied

28
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the results and discussion of the study. It is divided
into three (3) sections. The first section presents the level of satisfaction of the
residents of Poblacion, Pikit on community policing activities in terms of police
visibility, police community relations, and police checkpoints; followed by the
level of trust of sectoral groups in the police officers; and lastly, the significant
difference between the level of satisfaction of residents according to sectoral
classification.
Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on Community

Policing Activities in terms of Police Visibility
Table 1 presents the level of satisfaction of residents on community
policing activities in terms of police visibility, categorized by sector. The study
revealed that the residents of Poblacion, Pikit, and Cotabato are generally
satisfied with the active presence and patrolling of law enforcement officers as
it obtained a mean of 2.76. This implies that law enforcers in Pikit are engaging
with the community, resulting in improved safety and overall well-being. The
finding is attributed to the respondents’ satisfaction that in the business sector,
residents expressed satisfaction with police personnel conducting mobile
patrols in the community (mean = 2.97), responding promptly to emergency
situations (mean = 2.60), establishing regular "standing and watch" posts for
29
police visibility (mean = 2.77), conducting "beat patrol duties" on local and
national roads (mean = 2.63), and area visits to deter potential insurgents or
gang groups (mean = 2.80).
In the education sector, satisfaction levels were high for mobile patrols
(mean = 3.10), prompt responses to emergencies (mean = 2.53), "standing and
watching" posts (mean = 2.70), "beat patrol duties" (mean = 2.70), and area
visits (mean = 2.77). Similarly, the government sector showed satisfaction with
mobile patrols (mean = 3.03), emergency response (mean = 2.57), "standing
and watching" posts (mean = 2.73), "beat patrol duties" (mean = 2.63), and area
visits (mean = 2.73).
The foregoing results imply that police have effectively engaged with the
education and government sectors, resulting in improved safety and overall
well-being.
These findings support the study of Mazerolle et al. (2013) that the role
of community policing in addressing crime and disorder and promoting
collaborative efforts with government agencies leads to enhanced safety and
satisfaction.
Residents in the religious sector expressed satisfaction with mobile
patrols (mean = 3.10), prompt responses to emergencies (mean = 2.67),
"standing and watching" posts (mean = 2.63), "beat patrol duties" (mean = 2.67),
and area visits (mean = 2.83). Lastly, in the youth sector, satisfaction levels
were noted for mobile patrols (mean = 2.87), emergency response (mean =
30
2.50), "standing and watching" posts (mean = 2.67), "beat patrol duties" (mean
= 2.57), and area visits (mean = 2.60). These imply that the satisfaction levels
in the religious sector indicate that the police are effectively addressing the
security needs of religious communities, fostering trust and a sense of safety.
However, in the youth sector, while generally positive, there may be room for
more focused engagement to better address the unique concerns of this
demographic.
Indeed, police personnel conduct mobile patrol in the community
because according to Leap et al. (2020), law enforcement agencies require a
sufficient number of personnel to assign patrol officers to manageable
geographic zones to maximize opportunities for involvement with the community
and law enforcement's main job is to stop criminals from breaking the law and
apprehend those who do.

31
Table 1. Present the level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on Community Policing Activities in terms
of Police Visibility.
BUSINESS SECTOR EDUCATION SECTOR GOVERNMENT SECTOR RELIGIOUS SECTOR YOUTH SECTOR
STATEMENTS M SD QD M SD QD M SD QD M SD QD M SD QD
Police Visibility
1. Police personnel conducts
mobile patrol in the community. 2.97 0.718 Satisfied 3.10 0.712 Satisfied 3.03 0.556 Satisfied 3.10 0.803 Satisfied 2.87 0.730 Satisfied
2. PNP respond promptly to

emergency situation in our area. 2.60 0.814 Satisfied 2.53 0.730 Satisfied 2.57 0.626 Satisfied 2.67 0.802 Satisfied 2.50 0.938 Satisfied
3. PNP establishes a regular

“standing and watch” post in the
2.77 0.679 Satisfied 2.70 0.750 Satisfied 2.73 0.640 Satisfied 2.63 0.809 Satisfied 2.67 0.844 Satisfied
community for police visibility.
4. PNP conduct a “beat patrol

duties” in the local and national
road to monitor the pedestrians,
workers and other stakeholders
and to maintain friendly
relationship among its
community.
5. PNP conducts area visit to the

AOR to drive out potential
insurgents or gang groups.
OVERALL 2.76 0.747 Satisfied 2.76 0.715 Satisfied 2.74 0.615 Satisfied 2.74 0.821 Satisfied 2.64 0.868 Satisfied
Legend: 3.50-4.00 Highly Satisfied

2.50-3.49 Satisfied
1.50-2.49 Dissatisfied
1.00-1.49 Highly Dissatisfied
32

Policing Activities in Terms of Police Community Relation
Table 2 presents the level of satisfaction of residents in terms of police
community relations on community policing activities, categorized by sector. The
study determined that the business sector is satisfied on community policing
activities in terms of police-community relations (mean = 2.72). This implies that
there is some degree of trust and cooperation, but there is room for improvement.
The findings attribute that the PNP participates in various local activities, such as
elections, inaugurations, community assemblies, fiestas, and seminars (mean =
3.30), interacts with local security forces (mean = 2.77), and participates in health-
related activities (mean = 2.63).
In contrast, in business sectors, they were dissatisfied that the PNP
addresses issues of racial bias and discrimination (Mean=2.30). This implies that
the legitimacy and credibility of law enforcers distort when they tolerate
discrimination and disregard respect for diversity and cultural differences in its
society. Promoting community-friendly policies may therefore require time and
careful consideration (The University of Kansas, 2023).
In the education sector, the study determined that the respondents were
satisfied on community policing activities in terms of police-community relations
(mean = 2.70). The finding attribute that PNP participates in various local activities,
such as elections, inaugurations, community assemblies, fiestas, and seminars
(mean = 3.07), interacts with local security forces (mean = 2.70), participates in
33
health-related activities (mean = 2.70), organizes community awareness (mean =
2.53), and addresses issues of racial bias and discrimination (mean = 2.50).
In the government sector, the study determined that the respondents were
satisfied on community policing activities in terms of police-community relations
(mean = 2.84). The finding attributes that PNP participates in various local activities,
such as elections, inaugurations, community assemblies, fiestas, and seminars
(mean = 3.27), interacts with local security forces (mean = 3.00), addresses issues
of racial bias and discrimination (mean = 2.67), participates in health-related
activities (mean = 2.63), and organizes local community awareness (mean = 2.63).
In religious sector, the study determined that the respondents were satisfied
on community policing activities in terms of police-community relations (mean =
3.26). The finding attributes that PNP interacts with local security forces (mean =
3.80), participates in health-related activities (mean = 3.67), organizes local
awareness in the community (mean = 3.33), and participates in various local
activities, such as elections, inaugurations, community assemblies, fiestas, and
seminars (mean = 3.23).
In contrast, in religious sector, they are dissatisfied on PNP efforts addressing
issues of racial bias and discrimination (Mean=2.27). This implies that law enforcers
efforts on ensuring public stability and security in solving religious conflict
discrimination among its different belief and tradition need to be improved.

34
Localized religious conflict has not yet been addressed as a significant focus
of community policing, despite being a key component of its policy (Kapoor et al.,
2022).
In the youth sector, the study determined that the respondents were satisfied
on community policing activities in terms of police-community relations (mean =
2.54). The finding attributed that the PNP participates in various local activities, such
as elections, inaugurations, community assemblies, fiestas, and seminars (mean =
3.13), participates in health-related activities (mean = 3.67), and interacts with local
security forces (mean = 2.63).
In contrast, residents show dissatisfaction with how PNP organizes local
awareness on community policing, which includes social media engagement,
cultural awareness training, and youth engagement programs (mean = 2.20), as well
as addressing racial bias and discrimination (mean = 2.07). This implies that the
PNP should improve its communication and engagement interventions using social
media platforms to protect citizens from discrimination.
As stated by Carter (2023), police departments must use community policing
as a method of law enforcement in an effort to improve relations between citizens,
particularly youths, and police officers.
Moreover, racial basis and discrimination remain unsolved issues that police
have to deal with because either the community as a whole or its residents as
individuals and groups gain from community-friendly policies, they need to work to
bind community ties and encourage positive development and growth (The
35
University of Kansas, 2023). Therefore, even though it is probable that some police
officers will stop and make arrests, it is possible that racial biases in the larger
society disadvantage minorities to the point where it results in these biased results,
leading to more minority suspects due to individual or departmental biases.

36
Table 2. Present the level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on Community Policing Activities in terms
of Police Community Relation.
EDUCATION SECTOR GOVERNMENT
BUSINESS SECTOR RELIGIOUS SECTOR YOUTH SECTOR
SECTOR
Police Community Relation
1. PNP participates to the local

activities, such as elections,
inauguration, community
assembly, fiesta, seminars and 3.30 0.750 Satisfied 3.07 0.688 Satisfied 3.27 0.868 Satisfied 3.23 0.971 Satisfied 3.13 1.008 Satisfied
among other important
activities.
2. PNP organizes local awareness

on community policing, such as
social media engagement, Dis-
2.60 0.498 Satisfied 2.53 0.730 Satisfied 2.63 0.718 Satisfied 3.33 0.844 Satisfied 2.20 0761.
cultural awareness training, satisfied
youth engagement program.
3. PNP interacts with other local

security forces like Philippine
Armed Forces, Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Teams
(BPATS), local councils, elders
and other community
organizations.
4. PNP participates and conducts

health related activities together
with the Rural Health 2.63 0.765 Satisfied 2.70 0.651 Satisfied 2.63 0.809 Satisfied 3.67 0.844 Satisfied 2.67 0.661 Satisfied
Unit/Department of Health.
5. PNP address issues of racial

Dis- Dis- Dis-
bias and discrimination. 2.30 0.702 2.50 0.572 Satisfied 2.67 0.661 Satisfied 2.27 0.740 2.07 0.583
satisfied satisfied satisfied
37
Table 2. Continued…

2.50-3.49 Satisfied
38

Policing Activities in Terms of Police Checkpoint
Table 2.1 presents the level of satisfaction of residents on community policing
activities in terms of police checkpoints, categorized by sector. The results revealed
that the residents of Poblacion, Pikit, Cotabato are generally satisfied on PNP efforts
in manning a checkpoint to ensure compliance with regulations. This implies that
different sectors appreciate law enforcement's efforts to maintain order and security
through checkpoint operations while also respecting residents' rights and
maintaining a professional and courteous approach. The finding attributes the
respondents’ satisfaction that, in the business sector, they are contented with the
regularity of police checkpoint operations (mean = 3.27) and the practice of police
personnel explaining the purpose of the checkpoint (mean = 2.80). Notably, they
express satisfaction with the fact that law enforcement officers do not force motorists
to open their vehicle trunks or compartments (mean = 2.53) and use courteous
language when communicating with motorists (mean = 2.87). Furthermore,
residents in the business sector appreciate that during checkpoints, police personnel
refrain from imposing fines, extorting, or harassing drivers, passengers, and traders
(mean = 2.63).
This finding affirms the study of Gagnon and Fox (2021) that the police have
been responsible for maintaining order, including the authorization to use physical
force if necessary.
39
In the education sector, respondents express satisfaction on the regularity of
checkpoints conducted by the police (Mean=3.07) and the practice of explaining the
purpose of these checkpoints (Mean=2.53). Moreover, they appreciate that police
personnel do not force motorists to open their vehicle trunks or compartments
(Mean=2.57) and use courteous language during interactions (Mean=2.70). The
data also reveal satisfaction with the police refraining from imposing fines, extorting,
or harassing individuals during checkpoints (Mean=2.50).
Within the government sector, residents express a notably high level of
satisfaction with police checkpoint operations. They appreciate the regularity of
these checkpoints (Mean=3.27) and the practice of police personnel explaining the
purpose behind them (Mean=2.77). Furthermore, they are contented with the fact
that police officers do not force motorists to open their vehicle trunks or
compartments (Mean=2.93) and employ courteous language when speaking to
motorists (Mean=3.07). The data also highlight satisfaction with the police refraining
from imposing fines, extorting, or harassing drivers, passengers, and traders during
checkpoints (Mean=3.03).
In the religious sector, residents' express contentment with the regularity of
checkpoint operations conducted by police personnel (Mean=2.90) and the practice
of explaining the purpose of these checkpoints (Mean=2.57). They are also pleased
with the fact that police officers do not force motorists to open their vehicle trunks or
compartments (Mean=2.60) and use courteous language during interactions
(Mean=2.87). Additionally, residents in the religious sector appreciate that the police
40
do not impose fines, extort, or harass drivers, passengers, or traders during
checkpoints (Mean=2.60). These findings imply that residents in the religious sector
have a moderately positive perception on police checkpoint operations and
interactions.
Hence, people who think favorably of the police are less likely to feel unsafe,
more likely to cooperate with law enforcement, and less likely to commit crimes
themselves (Tyler, 2003). Therefore, the ability to speak clearly, concisely, and with
assurance is a requirement for police officers especially whether or not they are
talking with a citizen.
In youth sector, it was revealed that the youth displays varying levels of
satisfaction with police checkpoint operations. While they express satisfaction with
the regularity of checkpoints (Mean=3.10), they are less satisfied with the practice
of explaining the purpose of these checkpoints (Mean=2.80). Notably, occasionally
use less courteous language during interactions (Mean=2.90). However, they
appreciate that the police do not impose fines, extort, or harass drivers, passengers,
or traders during checkpoints (Mean=2.63). These findings imply that the youth
sector exhibits varying levels of satisfaction with police checkpoint operations and
interactions. While they acknowledge the importance of regular checkpoints, there
is an opportunity to enhance communication and courtesy during interactions. The
community values the ethical conduct of law enforcement during checkpoints which
is essential for building trust and maintaining security and order in the area.
41
Meanwhile, residents show dissatisfaction with the ability of PNP to conduct
checks on motorist vehicles (Mean = 2.43). This implies that PNPs abuse their power
by providing fair and consistent treatment in respecting the rights and dignity of
motorists.
According to the study of Sato (2017), by meeting the public's reasonable
expectations of them, the police must gain the public's trust. People are more likely
to place their trust in the police if they feel it will enable them to access the services
they require.
42
Table 2.1 Present the level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on Community Policing Activities in
terms of Police Checkpoint.

SECTOR
Police Checkpoint
1. PNP Personnel Conduct
checkpoints regularly. 3.27 0.691 Satisfied 3.07 0.521 Satisfied 3.23 0.504 Satisfied 2.90 0.845 Satisfied 3.10 0.607 Satisfied
2. During police checkpoint, PNP

always explain the purpose of
the checkpoint.

personnel does not force
Dis-
motorist to open their vehicles 2.53 0.900 Satisfied 2.70 1.006 Satisfied 2.93 0.521 Satisfied 2.60 0.855 Satisfied 2.43 0.858
satisfied
trunk or compartment.

uses courteous language when
speaking to motorist.
5. During checkpoint, PNP

personnel does not fine, extort,
or harass drivers, passengers,
traders.

2.50-3.49 Satisfied
43
The Level of Trust of Sectoral Groups in the Police Officers
Table 3 discusses the level of trust residents felt according to sectoral
groups that include business, education, government, religious, and youth
sectors.
The results revealed that the residents of Poblacion, Pikit, Cotabato have
measured trust in the police officers (mean = 2.27). This implies that there is a
need to improve the relationship between the police and the community.
Building trust and positive communication channels should be a priority. The
finding is attributed to the respondents’ level of trust that in business sector,
residents express dissatisfaction with the Philippine National Police's ability to
control social disorder, particularly concerning unwanted leisure activities,
liquor-related issues, noise disturbances, and loitering (Mean=1.97), believe
that due to PNP monitoring and interaction, crimes are lowered or eliminated
(Mean=2.03), residents are able to establish business due to peace and order
(Mean= 2.10), residents are confidently leaving their home/house without any
fear of any kind crimes activities like robbery, theft, and trespassing
(Mean=2.13), feel comfortable approaching police officers in our community
with my concerns (Mean=2.23), PNP enforces fair and with no bias interactions
among the residents (Mean=2.23), residents are able to walk with peace and
security due to PNP visibility in the community(Mean=2.33) and residents
believed that the police personnel are responsive to the community concerns
and issues(Mean=2.37).
44
According to the study of Warren (2019), the Philippine National Police
(PNP) plays a crucial role in fostering community safety and business
prosperity. Its assertion that a trusting relationship with the police is closely
linked to residents' willingness to engage in business ventures and their sense
of security within the community.
In contrast, the respondents were satisfied to the extent that the residents
follow the posed curfew hours or schedules set by the local authorities or police
authorities (mean = 2.70), and the Philippine National Police exhibits good
manners during any kind of encounter with the residents, especially in capturing
community offenders (mean = 2.63).
The foregoing results indicate that the police's good manners can help
build trust and confidence in their interactions with the community and the
satisfaction with curfew enforcement suggests a strong partnership with local
authorities, and this collaboration is essential for maintaining order and safety
in the community.
These findings affirm the study conducted by Crisp (2017) asserting that
respectful and considerate interactions with residents during law enforcement
activities foster a sense of trust and cooperation within the community.
Furthermore, the finding is attributed to the respondents’ level of trust
that in education sector, residents express dissatisfaction with the residents are
confidently leaving their home/house without any fear of any kind crimes
activities like robbery, theft, and trespassing (Mean=2.07), residents are able to
45
walk with peace and security due to PNP visibility in the community
(Mean=2.17), residents are able to establish business due to peace and order
(Mean= 2.17), residents believe that due to PNP monitoring and interaction,
crimes are lowered or eliminated (Mean=2.20), PNP's ability to control social
disorder, particularly concerning unwanted leisure activities, liquor-related
issues, noise disturbances, and loitering (Mean=2.27), PNP enforces fair and
with no bias interactions among the residents (Mean=2.27) and residents
believed that the police personnel are responsive to the community concerns
and issues (Mean=2.43).
Another idea of Comrie (2019) manifests in this result. According to him,
that trust in law enforcement plays a central role in creating a secure
environment that allows residents to confidently leave their homes and engage
in various activities without fear of crime.
In contrast, the respondents are satisfied that the residents follow the
posed curfew hours or scheduled set by the local authorities nor police
authorities (Mean=2.77), Philippine National Police exhibits good manners
during any kind of encounters with the residents especially in capturing
community offenders (Mean= 2.73) and residents feel comfortable approaching
police officers in our community with my concerns (Mean=2.70).
The foregoing results indicate the positive community-police relations,
good manners displayed by the police, compliance with curfew hours, and
residents feeling comfortable approaching law enforcement.

46
These findings affirm the study of Jackson et al. (2012) that the
demeanor of the Philippine National Police (PNP) is closely tied to the trust and
comfort experienced by community members. A respectful and professional
approach by the police, especially in capturing community offenders, enhances
residents' trust in law enforcement and fosters a cooperative atmosphere within
the community.
Moreover, in the government sector, the results revealed that the
government sector has moderate trust to police officers (mean = 2.54). This
implies that the residents have an average sense of confidence in the local
police officers. The finding attributed the respondents’ level of trust that in
government sector, residents express satisfaction with the PNP's ability to
control social disorder, particularly concerning unwanted leisure activities,
liquor-related issues, noise disturbances, and loitering (Mean=3.00), residents
follow the posed curfew hours or scheduled set by the local authorities nor police
authorities (Mean=2.90), residents believed that the police personnel are
responsive to the community concerns and issues(Mean=2.80), PNP exhibits
good manners during any kind of encounters with the residents especially in
capturing community offenders (Mean= 2.67), residents feel comfortable
approaching police officers in our community with my concerns (Mean=2.66)
and PNP enforces fair and with no bias interactions among the residents
(Mean=2.57).
47
According to Weisburd, et al. (2010), the pivotal role of trust in
government and law enforcement agencies in establishing a secure
environment and fostering community cooperation.
In contrast, the respondents in the government sector were dissatisfied
that the residents are confidently leaving their home or house without any fear
of any kind of crime activity like robbery, theft, or trespassing (mean = 2.13);
residents believe that due to PNP monitoring and interaction, crimes are
lowered or eliminated (mean = 2.13); residents are able to establish businesses
due to peace and order (mean = 2.23); and residents are able to walk with peace
and security due to PNP visibility in the community (mean = 2.33).
The foregoing results indicate that residents may still feel unsafe and
may not trust the police in providing a secure environment. A lack of trust in
crime reduction efforts can contribute to ongoing crime problems, hinder
economic development in the community, and impact residents' overall well-
being and feelings of security.
The findings affirm the study of Emsley (2013) that trust in law
enforcement is intricately linked to residents' sense of security, and addressing
these safety concerns is essential to foster greater confidence among the
residents.
In religious sector, the finding is attributed to the respondents’ level of
trust that in religious sector, residents express dissatisfaction with the PNP's
ability to control social disorder, particularly concerning unwanted leisure

48
activities, liquor-related issues, noise disturbances, and loitering (Mean=2.07),
residents believe that due to PNP monitoring and interaction, crimes are
lowered or eliminated (Mean=2.07), ), residents are able to establish business
due to peace and order (Mean= 2.10), residents are confidently leaving their
home/house without any fear of any kind crimes activities like robbery, theft, and
trespassing (Mean=2.17), PNP enforces fair and with no bias interactions
among the residents (Mean=2.20), residents are able to walk with peace and
security due to PNP visibility in the community (Mean=2.23), residents believed
that the police personnel are responsive to the community concerns and issues
(Mean=2.30), and, residents feel comfortable approaching police officers in our
community with my concerns (Mean=2.37).
According to Gill et al. (2017), the importance of aligning law enforcement
efforts with community needs, fostering a sense of security, and ensuring
responsive and fair interactions to build and maintain residents' trust within the
community is necessary.
In contrast, the respondents were satisfied that the residents follow the
posed curfew hours or schedules set by the local authorities and police
authorities (mean = 2.90), and the Philippine National Police exhibits good
manners during any kind of encounter with the residents, especially in capturing
According to Auguis et al. (2018), PNP is effective at upholding the law,
preserving public order, fostering positive relationships within the community,

49
and guaranteeing people feel safe. This statement states that curfew
enforcement provided a good reason to stop and speak with someone who
appeared to be underage and unsupervised by an adult.
In youth sector, the finding is attributed to the respondents’ level of trust,
that in youth sector, residents express dissatisfaction as they believe that due
to PNP monitoring and interaction, crimes are lowered or eliminated
(Mean=2.00), residents are confidently leaving their home/house without any
fear of any kind crimes activities like robbery, theft, and trespassing
(Mean=2.03), PNP's ability to control social disorder, particularly concerning
unwanted leisure activities, liquor-related issues, noise disturbances, and
loitering (Mean=2.10), residents are able to establish business due to peace
and order (Mean= 2.13), PNP enforces fair and with no bias interactions among
the residents (Mean=2.27), residents believed that the police personnel are
responsive to the community concerns and issues(Mean=2.27), residents are
able to walk with peace and security due to PNP visibility in the community
(Mean=2.40), residents feel comfortable approaching police officers in our
community with my concerns (Mean=2.47).
The public must be satisfied with the police in order for them to earn their
trust. People are more likely to place their trust in the police if they feel it will
enable them to access the services they require. However, placing their trust in
anyone comes with its own set of risks and benefits (Sato, 2017). This indicates
that Police must treat people with respect and sensitivity in order to develop the
50
trust necessary for a successful community partnership. Arrogance, aloofness,
or rudeness at any level of the agency, as well as the use of unnecessary force,
will reduce the community's willingness to support the police.
In contrast, the respondents were satisfied that the residents follow the
curfew hours or schedules set by the local authorities and police authorities
(mean = 3.00) and that the Philippine National Police exhibits good manners
during any kind of encounter with the residents, especially in capturing
Another idea of Braga et al. (2012) highlights that when law enforcement
addresses the concerns of the youth sector, it can foster a sense of cooperation
and trust, leading to improved community relations and compliance with
regulations.
51
Table 3. The Level of Trust of Sectoral Groups to the Police Officers.

SECTOR
Level of Trust:
1. I believed that the police
personnel are responsive to the
Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
community concerns and 2.37 0.615 2.43 0.626 2.80 0.664 Satisfied 2.30 0.702 2.27 0.583
satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
issues.
2. Philippine National Police

exhibits good manners during
any kind of encounters with the Dis- Dis- Dis-
2.63 0.928 Satisfied 2.73 0.679 2.67 0.884 Satisfied 2.67 0.959 2.53 1.008
residents especially in capturing satisfied satisfied satisfied
community offenders.
3. PNP enforces fair and with no

bias interactions among the Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
2.23 0.774 2.27 0.907 2.57 0.858 Satisfied 2.20 0.805 2.27 0.828
residents. satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
4. PNP are able to control the

Social Disorder (unwanted
leisure), such as liquor drinking Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
1.97 0.765 2.27 0.740 3.00 0.643 Satisfied 2.07 0.828 2.10 0.750
issues, noises, loitering and satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
other type of disturbance.
5. Residents are able to establish

business due to peace and Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
2.10 0.662 2.17 0.791 2.23 0.626 2.10 0.662 2.13 0.629
order. satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
6. Residents follow the posed

curfew hours or scheduled set
by the local authorities nor
police authorities.
52
Table 3. Continued…
7. Residents are confidently
leaving their home/house without
0.629
any fear of any kind crimes Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
2.13 0.681 2.07 0.640 2.13 2.17 0.791 2.03 0.765
activities like robbery, theft, and satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
trespassing.
8. Residents believe that due to

PNP monitoring and interaction,
Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
crimes are lowered or 2.03 0.669 2.20 0.761 2.13 0.681 2.07 0.640 2.00 0.643
satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
eliminated.
9. Residents are able to walk with

peace and security due to PNP Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
2.33 1.269 2.17 0.791 2.33 0.711 2.23 0.774 2.40 1.276
visibility in the community. satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
10. I feel comfortable approaching

police officers in our community Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-
2.23 0.774 2.70 0.877 2.66 0.814 2.37 0.850 2.47 0.776
with my concerns. satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied
Dis- Dis- Dis- Dis-

OVERALL 2.27 0.797 2.38 0.749 2.54 0.722 Satisfied 2.31 0.786 2.32 0.778
satisfied satisfied satisfied satisfied

2.50-3.49 Satisfied
53
The Significant Difference Between the Level of Satisfaction of Residents

according to Sectoral Classification
Table 3.1 shows the significant difference between the level of
satisfaction of residents according to sectoral classification.
The p-values of police visibility, police-community relation, police
checkpoint, and level of trust obtained 0.897, 0.103, 0.057, and 0.131,
respectively, indicating that the hypothesis was accepted and not significant.
These findings also accept the null hypothesis and conclude that there is no
significant difference in the level of satisfaction of the residents when analyzed
according to their sectoral classification.
This also indicates that the results of the findings clearly stated the
concept that residents might be experiencing in terms of sectoral classification
(business, education, government, religion, and youth) and does not have an
impact and ability to measure the level of trust they formulate towards the PNP
in terms of police visibility, police-community relation, police checkpoint, and
level of trust.
As further discussed by The University of Kansas (2023), they argued
that either the community as a whole or its residents as individuals and groups
gain from community-friendly policies., and that the police chief and officers
must collaborate to promote good police-community relations if local law
enforcement is to operate more effectively and efficiently. The primary objective
of the first core element of community policing is to establish and uphold mutual
54
trust. The key difference is that in community policing, the police becomes an
integral part of the local culture and collaborate with the locals to determine
future priorities and resource allocation.
Table 3.1. presents the significant difference between the level of satisfaction of
residents according to sectoral classification.
Factors Kruskal-Wallis p-value

Police Visibility 1.08 0.897ns
Police Community Relation 7.71 0.103ns
Police Checkpoint 9.17 0.057ns
Level of Trust 7.09 0.131ns
**-significant at 0.05%; ns- not significant

55
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the major findings of the study, the conclusion
drawn based on the results of the data gathered and the recommendations
presented in relation to the objectives.
This study is entitled “Sectoral Satisfaction on Community Policing
Activities in Pikit, Cotababto”. This study aimed to: (1) determine the level of
satisfaction of the residents of Poblacion, Pikit, on Community Policing
Activities; (2) determine the level of trust of sectoral groups to the police officers;
and, (3) determine the significant difference in the level of satisfaction of the
residents when analyzed according to their sectoral classification. A survey
questionnaire was used to gather the data. The data were tallied and interpreted
using statistical tools such as weighted mean and standard deviation.
Based on the results of the study, a summary of findings was presented:
The study revealed that the majority of residents are satisfied in terms of police
visibility, police-community relations, and police checkpoints with community
policing activities according to their sector classification. In terms of level of trust,
only the government sectors feel that the police can effectively address
community concerns and issues, while the majority of residents in sectoral
groups in business, education, religion, and youth are not satisfied. Additionally,
sectoral groups in business, education, government, religious, and youth are
satisfied that PNP associate ethics and good manners. Contrarily, sectoral
56
groups in business, education, government, religion, and youth are happy that
the police are in charge and make sure that residents follow set curfew and
adhere to the rules so that they can be heard during midnight for disturbance
and noise. Lastly, there is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction of
the residents when analyzed according to their sectoral classification.
The study concluded that the residents of Poblacion, Pikit, Cotabato are
satisfied on community policing activities such as police personnel conducting
mobile patrols in the community. They are also satisfied that PNP participates
in various local activities, and PNP conducts checkpoint regularly. In contrast,
the respondents were dissatisfied on PNP’s effort on addressing issues of racial
and discrimination and believe that PNP personnel does not force motorist to
open their vehicles trunk or compartment. Moreover, the respondents were
dissatisfied on police officers in terms of controlling social disorder, and believe
that due to PNP monitoring and interaction, crimes are lowered or eliminated,
and confidently leaving their home/house without any fear of any kind crimes
activities.
Moreover, the study concluded that there is no significant difference in
the level of satisfaction of the residents when analyzed according to their
sectoral classification.
The recommendations presented are drawn to address the research
problems:
57
The local police must prioritize addressing racial and discrimination
concerns within the community by implementing measures such as diversity
training for officers and facilitating open dialogues. Building trust between
residents and the police is essential, requiring increased community outreach
and involvement in decision-making processes. To improve safety perceptions,
the police should focus on visible patrols, crime prevention programs, and
effective communication with residents. Proactive community engagement and
education initiatives are crucial to inform residents about the police's role and
foster collaboration for community safety. Establishing a structured feedback
system allows residents to express concerns, enabling the police to make real-
time adjustments and demonstrate responsiveness. Additionally, implementing
data-driven policing strategies enhances overall community safety by targeting
crime hotspots and allocating resources more effectively.

59
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APPENDICES
60
64
65
66
66
68
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
INFORMED CONSENT
RESEARCH PAPER TITLE: SECTORAL SATISFACTION ON COMMUNITY POLICING
ACTIVITIES IN PIKIT, COTABATO
Thank you so much for agreeing to participate in this study. This consent is purposely
designed to keep you informed of the matter of the study.
Research Objectives
This study generally aims to determine the level of satisfaction of the residents of
Poblacion, Pikit on Community Policing Activities. Specifically, it aims to:
1. determine the level of satisfaction of the residents of Poblacion, Pikit on

Community Policing Activities;
2. determine the level of trust of sectoral groups to the police officers; and
3. determine the significant difference on the level of satisfaction of the
residents when analyzed according to their sectoral classification.
The survey will take about 10-15 minutes. I highly assure to the best of my ability that
no risk is associated with your participation in this research. You have the right to withdraw
participation from the study in case you feel uncomfortable.
To follow research ethics, I would like you to read the following statements below and
check (√) those that you agree with. This will help me prove that you understand the purpose
of your participation and that you agree with the research conditions.
YNO STATEMENTS
ES 1. I understand that I have voluntarily participated in this study, and

that I have the right to withdraw from the research study at any
time.
2. I understand that I can use a false name.
3. I understand that I can request the researcher to translate

statements in my own language whenever I don’t understand
them.
69
68
4. I understand that the data to be collected will be tabulated and

presented to the research audience.
5. I understand the researcher request me to participate again in the
study for validation, especially if an error in data analysis arises.
6. I understand that researcher will ensure that my profile will be
kept anonymously to anyone.
7. I understand that affixing my signature below expresses my
deliberate agreement to participate in the study.
____________________________
RESPONDENT’S SIGNATURE
__________________
Date
70
68
Appendix G. Survey Questionnaire

Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
SECTORAL SATISFACTION ON COMMUNITY POLICING ACTIVITIES IN
PIKIT, COTABATO
I. Level of Satisfaction on Community Policing Activities.
Direction: Rate the following statements based on how satisfied you are on this
situation. Check the number that best corresponds to your answer.
4. Highly Satisfied
3. Satisfied
2. Dissatisfied
1. Highly Dissatisfied
Set. A
Police Visibility 4 3 2 1
1. Police personnel conducts mobile patrol in the

community.
2. PNP respond promptly to emergency situation
in our area.
3. PNP establishes a regular “standing and
watch” post in the community for police visibility.
4. PNP conduct a “beat patrol duties” in the local
and national road to monitor the pedestrians,
workers and other stakeholders and to maintain
friendly relationship among its community.
71
68
5. PNP conducts area visit to the AOR to drive

out potential insurgents or gang groups.
Police Community Relation 4 3 2 1
1. PNP participates to the local activities, such as

elections, inauguration, community assembly,
fiesta, seminars and among other important
activities.
2. PNP organizes local awareness on community
policing, such as social media engagement,
cultural awareness training, youth engagement
program.
3. PNP interacts with other local security forces
like Philippine Armed Forces, Barangay
Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATS), local
councils, elders and other community
organizations.
4. PNP participates and conducts health related
activities together with the Rural Health
Unit/Department of Health.
5. PNP address issues of racial bias and
discrimination.
Police Checkpoint 4 3 2 1
1. PNP Personnel Conduct checkpoints

regularly.
2. During police checkpoint, PNP always explain

the purpose of the checkpoint.
72
68
3. During police checkpoint, PNP personnel

does not force motorist to open their vehicles
trunk or compartment.
4. During police checkpoint, PNP uses
courteous language when speaking to motorist.
5. During checkpoint, PNP personnel does not

fine, extort, or harass drivers, passengers,
traders.
Instruction: Check the number that best corresponds to your answer.

4. Highly Satisfied
3. Satisfied
2. Dissatisfied
1. Highly Dissatisfied
Set. B
Level of Trust 4 3 2 1
1. I believed that the police personnel are
responsive to the community concerns and
issues.
2. Philippine National Police exhibits good
manners during any kind of encounters with the
residents especially in capturing community
offenders.
3. PNP enforces fair and with no bias interactions
among the residents.
4. PNP were able to control the Social Disorder
(unwanted leisure), such as liquor drinking
73
68
issues, noises, loitering and other type of

disturbance.
5. Residents are able to establish business due
to peace and order.
6. Residents follow the posed curfew hours or
scheduled set by the local authorities or police
authorities.
7. Residents are confidently leaving their
home/house without any fear of any kind of
crimes activities like robbery, theft, and
trespassing.
8. Residents believe that due to PNP monitoring
and interaction, crimes are lowered or eliminated.
9. Residents are able to walk with peace and
security due to PNP visibility in the community.
10. I feel comfortable approaching police officers
in our community with my concerns.
(Source: Adapted questionnaires were formulated based on the 2012 Revised
Police Community Relations Manual)
68
68
68
77
CURRICULUM VITAE
Kabacan, Cotabato
Philippines
CURRICULUM VITAE
BUHARI G. KAMID
Address: Paidu Pulangi, Pikit, Cotababto
Contact #: 09355518062
Email: bgkamid@usm.edu.ph
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Last Name KAMID
First Name BUHARI
Middle Name GUIAPLOS
Nickname BOH
Age 25
Nationality FILIPINO
Religion ISLAM
Civil Status SINGLE
Father’s Name EDDIE I. KAMID
Mother’s Name NORHATA G. KAMID
Educational Background
DATU BITOL MANGANSAKAN

Elementary
MEMORIAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
DATU BITOL MANGANSAKAN

Junior High School MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School SILIK HIGH SCHOOL

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN
Tertiary MINDANAO
76

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SECTORAL SATISFACTION ON COMMUNITY POLICING

ACTIVITIES IN PIKIT, COTABATO

Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Department of Criminal Justice Education,

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

Kamid and Mrs. Norhata Guiaplos Kamid.

The researcher finished elementary education at Datu Bitol

Mangansakan Memorial Elementary School, Paidu Pulangi, Pikit, Cotabato.

Then, he finished high school education in Datu Bitol Mangansakan Memorial

High School. He pursued tertiary education at the University of Southern

Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato and took Bachelor of Science in Criminology as

Ma’am Mariz P. Balquin, PhD, the Chairperson of Criminal Justice

patience throughout this research journey. Her expertise and encouragement

have been instrumental in shaping this work.

Dean, for allowing this study to be conducted.

Sir Vicente T. Delos Reyes, PhD, the Department Research Coordinator,

for his guidance and feedback that were invaluable to me.

their professional comments and suggestions as the examining panel.

Great appreciation to Jay, Andrei, Hamsamin, Aldihan, Bads, Omar,

still encourage the researcher to finish what he have started.

Unending thanks to his loving mother, Norhata G. Kamid, and to his

the researcher through the challenges of this endeavor.

blessing him knowledge. Alhamdulillah.

Approval of Thesis Manuscript Error!

Acceptance of Thesis Error!

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

Community Oriented Policing Activities 9

Public Trust in the Police 20

Locale of the Study 24

Respondents of the Study 25

Data Gathering Procedure 26

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28

Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit

Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on

Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion, Pikit on

Level of Trust of Sectoral Groups in the Police Officers 43

Significant difference between the level of satisfaction of resident 53

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55

Table Title Page

Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion,

Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion,

Level of Satisfaction of the Residents of Poblacion,

Level of Trust of Sectoral Groups to the Police

Significant difference between the level of

Figure Title Page

Appendix Title Page

A Actual Budget of the Research 63

B Application for Manuscript Defense 64

C Letter to the Department Chairperson 65

D Letter to the Dean 66

E Letter to the Barangay Captain 67

F Informed Consent Form 68

I Certificate of Statistical Analysis 75

J Certification of English Critic 76

K Certification of Expert Validation 77

KAMID, BUHARI G. 2024. Sectoral Satisfaction on Community Policing

Adviser: MARIZ P. BALQUIN, PhD

The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction of local