Nano-particles in Prosthodontics

DR/ SARA BAHAA

 Acrylic resin

 Acrylic resin is one of the most widely used resins in the world.

 These resins commonly used especially poly methyl

methacrylate

 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin has been successfully

used for various applications in dentistry for many years.
Advantages:

▪ Superior esthetics
▪ Ease of processing
▪ Can be relined and repaired
▪ Accurate fit
▪ Inexpensive equipment.
 Drawbacks of acrylics

1. Surface porosities causes food retention and

plaque accumulation.
2. which in turn increase bacterial activity of
cariogenic oral flora
3. Brittle material.
4. Plastic in nature
5. Lack of thermal conductivity.
6. Low modulus of elasticity
7. Irritation from free monomer
 Acrylic resin uses

The importance of acrylic resins in dentistry is evident.

 Uses of Acrylic resin
I. They are widely used in making temporary prosthetic
base materials.
II. provisional prosthesis
III. Complete denture, Partial dentures, Maxillofacial
prosthesis
IV. Orthodontic removable appliances such as retainers.
Temporary denture bases and trays
Provisional prosthesis
Complete, partial and maxillofacial
prosthesis
Orthodontic appliances
Denture stomatitis
is a condition which occurs at about
50 % of denture wearers
 Nano- Particles

 Recently, researchers have proposed the incorporation

of nanofillers for reinforcement of denture base resins.
 Size, shape, surface area, concentration, and
dispersion of nanofillers into resin matrix all affect the
mechanical properties of the filler/resin composite.
 Metal and non- metal nano-particles have been
introduced to enhance the mechanical/physical
properties of denture base acrylics.
 Metal Nano fillers

1. Silver
2. Copper
3. Titanium (TiO2)
4. Gold
5. Platinum
6. Palladium
Non-metal

1. Zirconia (ZnO2)
2. Silica (SiO2)
3. Nano diamond
4. Carbon
5. Glass Nano fibers
 Titanium Dioxide

 Titaniumdioxide nanoparticles have been used as

additives to biomaterials in order to induce
antimicrobial properties.
 Antimicrobial
activities of titanium dioxide against
candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus
acidophilus
 high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties
other characteristics such as
➢ white color
➢ low toxicity
➢ efficiency
➢ Availability and low cost
 Nano-gold (Au)

 the
effect of adding nano-gold to PMMA denture base
enhancement are still limited at the present time.

 goldNPs considerably improved the strength and

thermal conductivity to almost double the value of pure
PMMA, which could lead to more patient satisfaction.
 Silver nanoparticles

 Small size possess greater dispersion in PMMA matrix

 Therelease of silver ions plays the major role in the

antibacterial mechanism of silver nanoparticles by
rupturing the cell wall

 Disadvantages: toxicity and discoloration of the resin

 Copper Nano Filler

Advantages
➢ Improved antibacterial, anti fungal properties of
resin.
➢ Increased tensile and flexture strength when added
in minimal concentrations
Disadvantage
➢ Discoloration of the resin
 Platinum (Pt)

➢ Enhances mechanical properties

➢ Provides antimicrobial properties.
➢ Increases the bending deflection of denture base
resin.
 Silica dioxide

 It is more promising due to its porous structure and adsorption

properties.
 Nanoparticles of silica dioxide possess extremely high surface
activity and adsorb various ions and molecules
 The mechanical properties and thermal properties of PMMA
were improved.
 Impact strength and surface hardness were increased.
 Drawbacks of silica

Drawbacks
➢ Excess amount lead to crack propagation
➢ which results in reduced hardness and fracture
toughness
 Zirconia

 Advantages
➢ Impact, fatigue , compressive strengths have improved.
➢ Biocompatible and white color
➢ Improves thermal conductivity
➢ fracture toughness and hardness have increased.
➢ It also may have antifungal property
 Disadvantage
➢ low flexural strength values have been reported.
 Tissue conditioner

 Tissue conditioners have been commonly used to enhance the

recovery of denture bearing tissues from trauma, flabby tissues,
damage or with ill fitting dentures.

 Silver has been well known for its antimicrobial characteristic.

So to overcome this problem silver nanoparticles are added in
tissue conditioners because of their smaller size they provide
large surface area