2. Consider the following statements W.r.t.

stomach
ALIMENTARY CANAL (a) Damage to parietal cells can cause pernicious
anaemia.
MOUTH (b) Achlorhydria can cause megaloblastic anaemia.
(c) Gastric mucosa has oxyntic cells which secrete
1. The hard chewing surface of teeth is made of_A, pepsinogen.
which is formed by _B cells that are _C in origin The (d) Excessive protein intake can cause a temporary
option which fills the blanks (A), (B) and (C) correctly rise in blood Alkalinity
is How many of the above statements are correct?
(1) Enamel, Ameloblast, Ectodermal (1) One (2) Two
(2) Enamel, Ameloblast, Mesodermal (3) Three (4) Four
(3) Enamel, Odontoblast, Ectodermal 3. The given diagram is related to anatomical regions of
(4) Dentine, Odontoblast, Mesodermal human stomach. Find the option
2. Which of the following human teeth can be which includes all correct labelling.
considered monophyodont?
(1) All premolars and molars (1) X- Fundus Z- Pyloric
(2) All canines, premolars and molars (2) W- Fundus X- Pyloric
(3) All premolars and last molars (wisdom teeth) (3) Y-Cardiac Z- Fundus
(4) Last premolars and all molars (4) X- Fundus Y- Cardiac
3. Find out the incorrect statement related to human 4. Mucosa forms irregular folds called rugae in
teeth. (1) Stomach (2) Jejunum
(1) An adult human has 32 permanent teeth (3) Ileum (4) Colon
(2) Dental formula of an adult man is 2122/2122 5. The rugae can be best defined as
(3) The hard chewing surface of the teeth, made up of (1) The gastric glands, containing three types of cells
enamel (2) Separations between the hepatic lobes
(4) Each human tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw (3) The cells of duodenum secreting hormone
bone and this type of attachment is called thecodont (4) The irregular folds in stomach wall, best seen in
4. Number of teeth in upper jaw of a teenager is empty stomach
(1) 28 (2) 14 6. Oesophagus is characterized by the following, except
(3) 6 (4) 12 (1) Absence of visceral peritoneum [Serosa]
5. Find out the correct statement for the labelled parts. (2) Absence of Auerbach's and Meissner pleuxes
(1) 'c' are most developed in throughout its length
carnivores and absent in rodents (3) Absence of digestive glands
(2) 'a' help in crushing and (4) Presence of mucus secreting goblet cells
grinding of food and 'c' in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
chewing. 1 2 4 1 4 2 - - - -
(3) 'c' are monophyodont teeth of Hint- Pernicious anemia occurs when body can’t absorb
humans and 'a' has single root enough vitamin B-12, Vitamin B-12 and folic acid deficiencies
and certain medications are the most common causes of
(4) 'd' have cusps which are sharp, long, pointed in
megaloblastic anemia, a macrocytic anemia.
humans and present in 'b'
6. Choose the correct match INTESTINE
(1) Dentine - Ameloblast cell secretion 1. Maximum absorption of food occurs in the small
(2) Enamel-Hardest substance covering entire tooth intestine which has a very large surface area for this
(3) Premolar-Diphyodont purpose. The structure, which does not contribute to
(4) Elephant tusk -Modified incisors increase in surface area of small intestine is
7. Characteristic of second molar of human include. (1) Plica circulate (2) Folds of Kerckrings
(1) Thecodont, Diphyodont, Bunodont (3) Villi (4) Epiploic appendages
(2) Thecodont, Monophyodont, Bunodont 2. Find the odd one related to large intestine.
(3) Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Secodont (1) Tenia coli (2) Haustra
(4) Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Secodont (3) Caecum (4) Reticulum
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3. Find out the incorrect statement for duodenum.
1 3 2 2 3 4 1 (1) Maximum absorption of nutrients occurs here
PHARYNX, OESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH (2) Receives the hepato-pancreatic duct
1. During swallowing, the entry of food in the trachea (3) Shortest portion of small intestine
triggers a strong cough, forcing the food out of (4) Precedes jejunum in location
trachea immediately. Normally the entry of food in 4. Choose correct statement
trachea is prevented by (1) Ileum is smallest part of small intestine
(1) Epiglottis (2) Uvula
(3) Tongue (4) Labial frenulum
 (2) Small intestine continues until it enlarges into the (3) Five (4) Six
'sacculus rotundus', an enlarged sac in the rabbit 2. Maximum saliva is produce by____ and maximum
(3) Maximum peristalisis occurs in large intestione salivary Amylase by____ gland.
(4) Maximum water absorption occurs in large (1) Sub maxillary, Parotid
intestine (2) Parotid, Sub maxillary
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (3) Parotid, Sub Lingual
4 4 1 2 - - - - - - (4) Parotid, Parotid
3. Choose the option which correctly describes the
Hint:-Maximum DIGESTION of nutrients occurs in situation
duodenum (1)Salivary amylase hydrolyse 70% starch in the oral
cavity
HISTOLOGY
(2) Lysozyme present in the saliva acts on the simple
lipids
1. The muscularis mucosa of intestine wall is controlled
(3) Lingual lipase and ptyalin are the two enzymes
by the neurons present in __(A) in the form of __(B)
present in saliva
(1) Muscularis mucosa, Auerbach's plexus
(4) The optimum pH for salivary enzymes is 7.8
(2) Muscularis externa, Myenteric plexus.
which is maintained by HCO3- buffers of the saliva
(3) Submucosa, Meissner's plexus
4. Read the following statements related to salivary
(4) Lamina propria, Meissner's plexus
glands in our body.
2. Following is the diagrammatic representation of
a. About 1500 mL of saliva is secreted per day in
transverse section of gut in which the parts are
humans.
labelled as X, Y, Z, W, U and V.
b. Saliva facilitates swallowing, keeps the mouth
moist, and acts as solvent.
c. Salivary secretion is under neural control of ANS.
d. 70% of starch digestion occurs in mouth
How many statements are correct?
(1) Four (2) Three
(3) Two (4) One
5. Neural signals that lead to activation of
Find out the correct labelling in which intestinal parasympathetic system trigger all, except
glands and Brunner's gland present. (1) Decreased release of saliva
(1) X & U respectively (2) Y & V respectively (2) Increased peristaltic movement
(3) V & W respectively (4) X & Z respectively (3) Decreased heart rate
3. The factors that normally prevent breakdown of (4) Increased release of gastric juice
mucosal barrier in stomach are 6. Which of the following set includes the components
(1) The secretion of an alkaline mucus of human saliva?
(2) Tight junction between epithelial cells (1) β-amylase, maltase, HCO3-
(3) Rapid replacement of epithelial cells (2) Ptyalin, bicarbonates, HCI
(4) All of these (3) α-amylase, mucus, CI-, Na+
4. Distribution of the systemic cardiac output during (4) Salivary amylase, K+, dipeptidase, lysozyme
rest is maximum to 7. How many salivary glands are present in buccal
(1) Brain (2) Heart cavity?
(3) Kidney (4) Digestive system (1) 3 pairs (2) 6
5. The transverse section of small intestine depicts (3) Both (1) and (2) (4) Zero
following layers from inside to outside 8. Choose the incorrect statements among the following:
(1) Submucosa - Mucosa - Serosa (1) About 30% of starch is digested in buccal cavity
(2) Muscularis externa - Submucosa - Serosa (2) None of salivary gland is present is buccal cavity
(3) Mucosa - Submucosa - Muscularis layer - Serosa (3) Mumps is a bacterial infection of mainly parotid
(4) Serosa - Muscularis layer - Submucosa – Mucosa gland
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (4) Rivinus duct open below tongue
3 3 4 4 3 - - - - - 9. Chloride ion present in saliva led to activation of
which enzyme?
DIGESTIVE GLANDS (1) α-amylase (2) Lysozyme
(3)β amylase (4) All of these
SALIVARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. Out of following how many are organic component of 1 1 3 2 1 3 4 3 1 -
saliva-Urea, Lysozyme, IgA, Enzymes, Cl-,I-, Hints:-
Thiocynate, Na+,K+,HCO3- 1. Urea, Lysozyme, IgA, Enzymes are organic
(1) Four (2) Ten 4. d is wrong. [30% not 70% in mouth]
 7. Salivary glands are outside buccal cavity as they (3) Excessive undigested carbohydrate in feces
are associated glands (4) All of these
12. Which of the following is not a brush border
GASTRIC/LIVER/PANCREAS/INTESTINAL enzyme?
GLANDS (1) Steapsin (2) Enterokinase
1. Choose the incorrect match (3) Erepsin (4) Maltase
(1) Oxyntic cells – Pepsinogen 13. Which of the following is brush border enzyme?
(2) Caecum - Symbiotic micro-organisms (1) Trypsin (2) Chymotrypsin
(3) Glisson's capsule - Hepatic lobule (3) Sucrase (4) DNAase
(4) Sphincter of Oddi - Common hepato-pancreatic duct 14. If the main pancreatic duct is blocked, the correct
2. Which one of the following is not a function of liver? statement would be
(1) Synthesis of bile juice (1) Blood glucose level is reduced
(2) Haemopoiesis in embryonic stage (2) Digestion of fat is impaired
(3) Detoxification (3) Digestion of cellulose will continue
(4) Synthesis of secretin (4) No function will be affected as sufficient amount
3. The cystic duct opens up in pancreatic juice is poured into duodenum through
(1) Duodenum (2) Pancreas duct of Santori
(3) Hepato-pancreatic duct (4) Common bile duct 15. The following diagram depicts the duct systems of
4. The pancreatic juice contains liver, gall bladder and pancreas. What would happen
(1) Chymosin (2) Enterokinase if the duct A in the figure is blocked by gall stone?
(3) Insulin and glucagon (4) DNase
5. The mucosal epithelium of the gut is specialized in
the form of various types of glands. However, the
glands which are not the modification of mucosa are
(1) Crypts of Liberkuhn (2) Brunner's glands
(3) Gastric glands (4) Mucus neck cells
6. Select the components present in the bile juice from
the given choices
(i) The endocrine function of pancreas, secretion of
(a) Sodium glycocholate (b) NaHCO3
insulin and glucagon hormone will be blocked
(c) Biliverdin (d) Steapsin
(ii) Exocrine function of pancreas will be blocked
(e) Dipeptidase
(iii) Contraction of gall bladder will cause pain
(1) (a), (b) & (c) (2) (a), (b), (c) & (d)
generally felt under the right scapular region
(3) (a), (b), (c) & (e) (4) (a), (c) & (d)
(iv) The bile pigments will accumulate in the blood
7. Consider the following diagram. All of the following
and cause obstructive jaundice
groups of enzymes are secreted by structure - X,
(1) (i) and (ii) only (2) (ii) and (iii) only
except
(3) (iii) and (iv) only (4) (iv) only
(1) Nucleases, Tryspin. Lipases, 16.All the following statement are correct but one is ~
Amylases wrong. Which one is wrong?
(2) DNase, RNase, Lipolytic (1) Liver is the largest gland of the body weighing
enzymes about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in an adult human
(3) Proteolytic enzymes, Amylase, (2) Liver is situated in the abdominal cavity, just
Nucleases below the diaphragm and has two lobes
(4) Maltase, Sucrase, Nucleosidase (3) If the concentration of plasma proteins is too low
8. Relaxation of which of the following is responsible for as a result of liver disease such as cirrhosis, fluid
release of bile from common bile duct into pancreatic accumulates in the tissues, a condition called oedema
duct? (4) Liver produces most of the proteins found in
(1) Sphincter of Oddi (2) Sphincter of Boyden blood plasma such as , and -globulins
(3) Lesser oesophageal sphincter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(4) Upper oesophageal sphincter 1 4 4 4 2 1 4 2 1 3
9. Pancreatic juice contains 11 12 13 14 15 16
(1) NaHC03 (2) Somatostatin 1 1 3 2 3 4
(3) Erepsin (4) Enterokinase
10. Which of the following is not a product of Pancreatic DIGESTION PROCESS AND ENZYMES
lipase digestion?
(1) Fatty Acid (2) Monoglyceride 1. Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen are activated
(3) Triglyceride (4) Diglyceride by ___ and respectively in the intestine
(1) Enterokinase, Trypsin (2) HCl, Enterokinase
11. Steatorrhea is characterised by
(3) BileSalts, HCI (4) Pepsin, Enterokinase
(1) Excessive undigested fat in feces
(2) Excessive undigested protein in feces
 2. Non-digestive brush bordered enzyme is
(1) Lipase (2) Enterokinase 4. Which of the following hormone is secreted by
(3) Maltase (4) Dipeptidase Gastrointestinal Tract' and is both, stimulatory and
3. Amongst following statement inhibitory in nature?
(A) Vomiting reflex is controlled by a neural centre in (1) GIP (2) Gastrin
medulla oblongata of brain (3) Secretin (4) Duocrinin
(B) Pro-enzyme in the gastric juice of infants which 5. The GIT local hormone stimulating the release of
helps in protein digestion upon activation is bicarbonates in pancreatic juice but inhibiting gastric
chymotrypsinogen secretion is
(1) Only (A) is correct (1) Duocrinin (2) Secretin
(2) Only (B) is correct (3) Enterocrinin
(3) Both (A) & (B) are correct (4) Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
(4) Both (A) & (B) are incorrect
4. All of the following enzymes can be activated by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
trypsin, except 3 4 3 3 2 - - - - -
(1) Procarboxypeptidase (2) Trypsinogen
(3) Chymotrypsinogen (4) Enterokinase
ABSORPTION & EGESTION
5. How many are protein digesting enzymes secreted by
intestine: Secretin ,Trypsin, Pepsin, Sucrase, 1. Fats absorbed in brush bordered cells as fatty acids
Aminopeptidase are converted into protein coated fat globules called
(1) Two (2) One (1) Micelles
(3) Three (4) Four (2) Monoglycerides
6. Pulses consumed in diet by a ten year old child are (3) Chylomicrons
acted upon first by (4) Lacteals
(1) Gastrin in stomach (2) Pepsin in stomach 2. Choose the option which correctly describes the
(3) Rennin in stomach (4) Trypsin in stomach mechanism of absorption of digested products
7. Monomers as end products are produced by the (1) Water - Facilitated diffusion
action of all, except (2) Glucose - Secondary active transport with Na+
(1) Dipeptidase (2) Nucleases (3)Fructose – Only by active transport
(3) Sucrase (4) Carboxypeptidase (4) Fatty acids - Primary active transport
8. Which of the following enzymes is not secreted by 3. Which of the following are absorbed directly into
villi present in small intestine? lymph vessels called lacteals instead of blood?
(1) Lactase (2) Enterokinase (1) Amino acid (2) Chylomicrons .
(3) Nucleosidase (4) Amylase acting at pH 7.8 (3) Maltose (4) Glucose
9. All of the following are brush border enzymes, except, 4. Maximum absorption of total water which we ingest
(1) Maltase (2) Amylopsin occurs in which part of alimentary canal?
(3) Nucleotidase (4) Erepsin (1) Large intestine (2) Jejunum
10. Mark the incorrect match (3) Stomach (4) Mouth
(1)Renin - Milk coagulation in acidic medium 5. During fat absorption, a very small protein coated fat
(2) Trypsin - Blood coagulation globules called chylomicron is formed in
(3) Enterokinase - Activation of trypsinogen (1) Intestine lumen (2) Intestinal cell
(4)Chymotrypsin - Milk coagulation in alkaline (3) Lymph vessel (4) Blood stream
medium 6. Which of the following is not a component of
chylomicron?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (1) Monoglyceride (2) Triglyceride
1 2 1 4 2 2 2 4 2 1 (3) Cholesterol (4) Protein
Hint: 8. Amylase secreted by pancreas. 7. Which of the following is correct route of absorbed fat
10. Rennin not Renin in small intestine to liver?
(1) Lacteals  Thoracic duct  Superior vena cave 
HORMONES Heart  Small intestine  Hepatic portal system 
1. Gastric secretions are inhibited by Liver
(a) Sympathetic discharge (b) Acetylcholine (2) Lacteals  Thoracic ductSuperior vena cava
(c) GIP (d) Secretin Heart  Aorta  Hepatic artery  Liver
(1) (b) only (2) (a) & (c) (3) Lacteals Thoracic duct  Inferior vena cava 
(3) (a), (c) & (d) (4) (b), (c) & (d) HeartAorta Hepatic artery Liver
2. Find the odd one related to gastrointestinal hormones. (4) LactealsThoracic duct HeartInferior vena
(1) GIP (2) CCK cava Liver
(3) Secretin (4) Enterokinase
3. Which of the following has been correctly matched with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
its source cell? 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 - - -
(1) Trypsinogen - Brush border cells Hint 6- Monoglycerides are resynthesized
(2) HCl - Chief cells
(3) Castle's intrinsic factor - Oxyntic cells
(4) Pepsin - Parietal cells
 NUTRIENTS 4. A person complains of abnormal frequency of bowel
movement and increased liquidity of faecal discharge.
He is suffering from –
1. Consider the following statements (1) Jaundice (2) Indigestion
(A) Shark liver oil is a source of protective principles (3) Diarrhoea (4) Constipation
of food. 5. A person suffers from slow, i.e., delayed blood
(B) Protective principles do not provide any energy clotting leading to excessive loss of blood from the
but prevent diseases body. Which of the following can be a probable
Select the correct option reason for this?
(1) Only (A) is correct (2) Only (B) is correct
(3) Both (A) & (B) are correct (4) Both (A) & (B) are incorrect (1) Deficiency of tocopherol [Vit E] in the diet and
2. If a child consumes 150 g of lentils (proteins), 500 ml hereditary defect in the synthesis of Castle's intrinsic
of water, 100 g of raw green leafy vegetables, 20 g of factor
butter and 100 g of whole wheat bread, what is the (2) Defective absorption and storage of folic acid and
total kilocalorie intake? leukocytopenia
(1) 600 (2) 1180 (3) Thrombocytosis and hereditary defective
(3) 870 (4) 2300 absorption of pyridoxine [Vit B6]
3. Mark the incorrect match w.r.t. deficiency diseases (4) Thrombocytopenia and dietary deficiency of
(1) Niacin- Pellagra menadione [Vit K]
(2) Cyanocobalamin- Pemicious anaemia 6. Achlorhydria (lack of HCI secretion in stomach) or
(3) Thymine- Beriberi gastrectomy can lead to
(4) Retinol- Night blindness (1) Indigestion of fat
4. Many minerals are absorbed in small intestine which (2) Iron deficiency anaemia
are required for maintaining normal physiology of (3) Unable to digest lactose
the human body. Find out which of the following is (4) Galactosemia
correct statement for minerals? 7. All the following conditions are observed in
(1) Chlorine - Principal cation of cytoplasm and Marasmus, except
required for the activity of ptyalin (1) It is found in infants less than a year in age, if the
(2) Phosphorus - A component of RNA mother’s milk is replaced too early by other foods
(3) Sodium - Principal cation of interstitial fluid and which are poor in both proteins and caloric value
needed for normal blood clotting (2) The layer of fat beneath the skin disappears
(4) Potassium - Component of enzymes like carbonic (3) Hands and other body part - show fluid
anhydrase and pigments like myoglobin accumulation (oedema) and swelling
(4) Thinning of limbs and ribs become very
1 2 3 4 - - - - - prominent
3 2 3 2 - - - - - 8. The ejection of stomach contents through the mouth
is controlled by neural centres present in
Hint : 2. Lentils 150 g x 4 kilocalorie = 600
(1) Cerebrum (2) Cerebellum
Water-0
(3) Pons (4) Medulla
Vegetable / mineral-0
9. A person consumed a poisonous substance against
Butter-20 x 9.1 = 182
which digestive tract gave a vomiting response. The
Bread-100x4 = 400
centres responsible for response possibly can be
3- Thiamine not Thymine
(1) Myenteric plexus and medulla
GENERAL TOPICS &DISORDER (2) Medulla and Meissner's plexus
(3) PNS – somatic branch
1. Enlargement of rectal veins which may be caused by
prolonged constipation and characterized by their (4) Auerbach's plexus and Remaks plexus
varicosity is a complication commonly known as 10. Deficiency of which of the following results in
(1) Indigestion (2) Haemorrhoids formation of large, immature and nucleated RBC
(3) Oxyurasis (4) Pellagra devoid of haemoglobin?
2. Vomiting centre is present in (1) Cyanocobalamine (B12) (2) Folic acid (B9)
(1) Medulla (2) Hypothalamus (3) Iron (4) Both (1) & (2)
(3) Spinal cord (4) Cerebrum
3. Consider the following factors
a. Erythroblastosis foetalis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b. White or clay colour of faeces 2 1 1 3 4 2 3 4 1 4
c. Liver is affected
d. Cholelithiasis, stone in common hepatic duct
e. Stone in common bile duct
f. Skin and eyes turn yellow due to deposition of bile
pigments.
How many are related to jaundice?
(1) Six (2) Four
(3) Five (4) Two