LENGUAJE, LOGICA Y ARGUMENTACION

¿Qué es lenguaje? Language is…

 A particular instance of this system
 Means of communicationg
 Usage of a special group
 IS A SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION BASED UPON WORDS AND THE COMBINATION
OF WORDS INTO SENTENCES.
 LAUGH, SMILE, ETC NON-LINGUISTIC COMMUNICATION
 WE ARE ABLE TO EXCHANGE KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS, OPINIONS, WISHES, PROMISES,
FEELINGS, ETC.
 SYMBOLIC: All language have phonological and grammatical systems, there are also
several sub-systems.
SYSTEM
Set of interacting or independent entities forming an integrated whole.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SYSTEM
 More than one, but finite number of elements.
 Value: negatively defined
 Organization- subsystems
 Rules
 Purpose- objective- goal
SYSTEMS WITHIN LANGUAGE
 Lexicon (words of a language)
 Morphology (structure of words)
 Syntax (categories and rules)
 Semantics (Meanings)
 Pragmatics (Use)
 Phonology (Sounds)
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre lengua y lenguaje?
 Lengua equivale a un idioma, mientras que un lenguaje es un sistema de comunicación
o de expresión de conocimientos, como el lenguaje matemático.
 Language is equivalent to a language, while a language is a system of communication
or expression of knowledge, such as mathematical language.
FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
 To facilitate communication to transmit information to others.
LOGIC
 Process of reasoning and sound judgement.
 Is the science or study of how to evaluate arguments and reasoning.

ARGUMENTATION

 Action or process of reasoning in support of an idea, action, or theory.

 One of the four modes of discourse (narration, description, exposition, and
argumentation)
 Process of developing or presenting and argument; Discussion, debate, disputation.
SUMMARIZING: Put the main ideas into your own words. It is necessary to attribute
summarize idea to the original source. Shorter than the original and take a broad
overview to the material. (SUMMARIZE --> MAKE NOTES)

PARAPHRASING: Involves putting a passage from source material into your own
words.
Paraphrased material is shorter than the original passage.
PARAPHRASE: SYNTHESIS

Which are the necessary elements for writing a good argumentative essay
INTRODUCTION: 1ST PARAGRAPH OF THE ESSAY. HELP TO UNDERSTAND YOUR
ARGUMENT

BODY: Each paragraph should cover a different idea and contain a topic
sentence that explains why the reader should agree with your position. If you
can add examples, statistics, studies, text citations is better.

CONCLUSION: Paragraph that restates your thesis and summarizes all of the
arguments made in your body paragraphs.

Which are the four traditional branches of linguistics?

SEMANTICS
SYNTAX: arrangements of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences.
MORPHONOLOGY
PHONOLOGY

Give four examples of non-linguistic communication.

smiling, laughing, yelling, clenching of fists, and raising of eyebrows, etc.

Language consists of signs. Signs have two parts, pls name them and give 2
examples of each.
DOUBLE ARTICULATION: refers to the fact that the formal sides of these sign
are built from a relatively small repertoire – usually between 10 and 100 – of
meaningless sounds.
se refiere al hecho de que los lados formales de estos signos están construidos
a partir de un repertorio relativamente pequeño - por lo general entre 10 y 100
- de sonidos sin sentido.
EJEMPLO: a sequence of letters (depending upon what kind of writing system we are
talking about) and in the sign languages of the deaf a certain combination of gestures
SYNTAX: x is used to put together signs expressing relatively simple meanings into
sign combinations expressing more complex meanings. To express a meaning like ‘man
killed lion’, we combine signs meaning ‘man’, ‘kill’, ‘past’, and ‘lion’, and we combine
the same signs in a different way to express the meaning ‘lion killed man’
What characteristics did humans need to be able to develop language? (10
points)
VOCAL CORDS
BRAIN
KNOW HOW TO TALK