PERSPECTIVE TO PHARMACY (PHARM 11)
- Monitor the health and progress of patients to
Pharmacy
Defined as the "Profession which is
concerned with the art and science of
preparing drugs either from natural or synthetic
sources in a suitable and convenient dosage
form for administration of treatment, and
prevention of diseases both of man and
animals."
Pharmacy Greek word "pharmakon"=
medicine/ drug
Pharmacists = person considered as expert on
drugs
Evolution of Pharmacist's Role
• The traditional era (1900- 1930): formulating
and dispensing drugs derived from natural
sources.
• The scientific era (1930-1960): development
of new drugs; scientific testing; mass production
of synthetic drugs and antibiotics.
• The Clinical Era (1960-1990): Pharmacists
expected to dispense drug information, warning,
advice, and suggestion to patient.
• The Pharmaceutical Care Era (Current Era):
Practice of pharmacy focused on ensuring
positive outcomes for drug related therapies.
Historically…
-Fundamental role of Pharmacist as
healthcare practitioners is to distribute drugs
that have been prescribed by a prescriber to
patient.
Modern times…
- Advises patients and health care providers on
the selection, dosages interactions and side
effects of medications.
- Act as a learned intermediary between a
prescriber and a patient.
ensure the safe and effective use of
medication.
- In many jurisdictions Pharmacists have
prescriptive authority or in collaboration with a
primary care physician through an agreed upon
protocol.
Pharmaceutical care
-involves taking direct responsibility for
patients and their disease states, medications,
and the management of each in order to
improve the outcome for individual patient.
Benefits:
• Decreased medication error
• Increased patient compliance in
medication regimen
• Better chronic disease state management
• Strong pharmacist - patient relationship
• Decreased long-term costs of medical
care
➢ Pharmacists are often the first point-of
contact for patients with health inquiries.
Most accessible health care professional
in the field of medicine.
- Large roles in assessing medication
management in pts
- Referring pts. To Dr.
Roles of Pharmacists
•Clinical medication management
•Assessment of pts with diagnosed and
undiagnosed conditions and for decisions about
the clinical medication management required
•Specialized monitoring of disease states
•Reviewing medication regimens
• Monitoring of treatment regimens
Compounding medicines
•General health advice and monitoring
•Providing specific education to pts about dx
states and medications
•Oversight of dispensing medicines on
Asu (empirical healer)
prescription
– drew upon large collection of drugs and
•Provision of non-prescription medicines
manipulated them into several dosage
• Counseling and advice on optimal use of forms that are still basic today, such as
medicines suppositories, pills, washes, enemas
and ointments.
•Advice and treatment of common ailments
•Referral to other health professionals if Second Millennium B.C.
necessary
• Babylon: Jewel of ancient Mesopotamia
•Dosing drugs in renal and hepatic failure "cradle of civilization" - provides that earliest
•Pharmacokinetic evaluation known record of practice of the art of
"apothecary"(drugstore).
•Educating physicians and other health care • 2600 BC: Healing practitioners were priests,
providers on medications and their proper use pharmacists and physician are all in one.
•Limited prescribing of medications only in •Clay tablets - Medical texts, recorded first the
collaboration with other health care symptoms of illness, the prescription and
professionals directions for compounding and invocation of
•Providing pharmaceutical information goals.

•Promoting public health by administering • Another millennium, the Greeks created a

immunizations.
➢ Physician, Dentist and Veterinarian
may prescribe drugs and be primarily
interested in the effects of those drugs on
the pt., their therapeutic value, and
toxicology.
➢ Nurses may administer the drug and be
concerned with dosage forms, route of
administration, and toxic
manifestations.
➢ Pharmacists is the only legally granted
professionals to handle drugs and to
know all about those drugs.
Before the dawn of History
distinctive intellectual life.
• In Greeks: Drug or Pharmakon means Magic
Spell, remedy or Poison.
• Follower of Hippocrates showed in their
writing and practices the fundamental of
scientific method.
- Observation and classification
- Rejection of unsupported theory
- Generalization and induction that
remained open to critical discussions and
revision.
Hippocrates - "Father of Medicine"
-he moved the concept of medicine from
magical to rational

Pharmacy in Ancient Babylonia

➢ Ancient Greece , according to Edward
• In Babylonia, there are 2 types of medical care Kremers and Glenn Sonnedecker,
were provided: before, during and after the time of
Asipu (magical healer) Hippocrates, there was a group of
experts in medicinal plants called
– Relied on spells and magical stones far rhizotomoi.
more than plant materials.
Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC)
• He is considered to be the source for all Greek
pharmacotherapeutic treatises between the time
of Theophratus and Dioscorides.
Pedanios Dioscorides
•a greek physician
•Famous for writing a five volume book in his
native Greek in 1st century AD.
•De Materia Medica (concerning medical
substances)
– basis for many medieval texts, and was
built upon by many Middle Eastern
scientist during the Islamic Golden Age.
•Coined the term "materia medica"
 Beginning in the 7th century, the wise
and kind Asklepios, suspend Apollo, the
greatest of the healing gods.
 At the touch of his hand or staff or the
tongue of his sacred serpent gradually
emerged as the official symbol of
medicine around the world.
•On the other right hand of Asklepios, helping
the minister to afflicted stood Hygeia, one of his
daughters, her arm entwined by a serpent and
holding a bowl, now thought to have contained a
healing potion. In modern times, her bowl
entwined by a serpent gradually emerged as
the official symbol of pharmacy popularly
called as the Bowl of Hygeia.
Terra Sigillata (Sealed Earth)
•An early' "Trademarked" drug
•Man learned of the prestigious advantage of
trademarks as a means of identification of
source and of gaining of customer's
confidence.
•A clay tablet originating in the Mediterranean
island Of Lemnos before 500 B.C.
Pharmacy in Ancient China
•China Chinese Pharmacy stems from Sheng
Nung (about 2000B.C.)
•"Father of Chinese medicine"
•Wrote the first book in Chinese medicine Pen
T-Sao (Chinese Materia Medica) consist nearly
of 365 herbal drugs.
•Emperor who sought out and investigated the
medicinal value of several hundred herbs.
Medicinal herbs included podophyllum,
rhubarb, ginseng, cinnamon bark, etc.
Pharmacy in Ancient Egypt
•Egyptians know the medicinal properties of
plants.
•Still included incantations along with some
therapeutic remedies.
•"Chiefs of Fabrication" gatherers and
preparers of drugs.
• Echelon – The one who gathers
Days of the Papyrus Ebers
•"Papyrus Ebers" (1500 BC) is the best known
and most important pharmaceutical record.
• Oldest well medical document preserved
•A collection of 800 prescriptions mentioning
700 drugs.
Pharmacy in Ancient India
• Acharya Charaka
• ”Father of Indian Medicine”
• Charaka Samhita
– Published by Acharya Chaka
- Contains a list of medicinal plant
Monastic Pharmacy
• Advent of Christianity, the healing temples of
Asklepios fell into disuse.
• The monks often cultivated medicinal plants.
2 traditional Latin compilations:
•"Antidotaria" similar to dispensatories (List of
drugs)
•"Receptaria" more modest formularies
(Ingredients of drug and how it made)
- Guide to preparing compounds
- Prepared according to the art of
apothecary for benefit of sick and injured
- Maybe found in monasteries in many
countries.
The First Apothecary Shops
• The Arabs - separated the arts of apothecary
and physician
• Baghdad - 1st privately owned drug stores.
• Preserved the Greco-Roman wisdom -
where natural resources, syrups, confections,
conserves, distilled waters and alcoholic liquids.
Separation of Pharmacy and Medicine
• 13th century - lay practice of pharmacy had
developed
• These official edicts of 1231 authored by
Emperor Frederick II of Germany "Magna
Carta of Pharmacy"
• Separation of Pharmacy and Medicine
• For official supervision and for obligating the
pharmacist by oath to prepare quality drugs.
The First Official Pharmacopoeia
• Pharmacopoeia – List of drugs
• "Novo Receptario" - originally written in
Italian
• Originated in Florence
• To be followed by all apothecaries
• Published and became the legal standard for
the city-state in 1498.
The Society of Apothecaries in London
•In 1671, Francis Bacon (philosopher-
politician) "Master, Wardens of Society of the
Art and Mystery of the Apothecaries of the
City of London"
• First organization of pharmacists in the Anglo-
Saxon world.
Louis Hebert - Apothecary to New
France (Canada)
• Young parisian apothecary
• He built New France's first settlement, the
Habitation, at Port Royal (Nova Scotia,
Canada)
• He looked after the health of the pioneers,
cultivated native drug plants, and supervised the
gardens.
Marshall Apothecary
Christopher Marshall
• "The Fighting Quaker"
• He’s an Irish immigrant
•Establish apothecary in Philadelphia in 1729
• For 96 years, became a leading retail store, • First man to hold the rank of a
nucleus of large- scale chemical commissioned pharmaceutical officer in an
manufacturing, a "practical" training school for American army.
pharmacists
• His duties included procurement, storage,
• His apothecary an important supply depot manufacture and distribution of the Army's drug
during revolution requirements.
• He also developed an early wholesaling and
manufacturing business.
Elizabeth Marshall
America Pharmacy builds its
•Daughter of Christopher Marshall Foundations
•1st women American Pharmacist Faced with 2 major threats:
1. Deterioration of the practice of Pharmacy
2. Discriminatory classification of the University
of Pennsylvania medical faculty
• The pharmacists of Philadelphia formed an
association, which became the Philadelphia
college of Pharmacy, a school of Pharmacy,
and a self-policing board.
• 68 pharmacists signed the Constitution of
First Hospital in Colonial America the first pharmaceutical association on the US.
(Pennsylvania)
• Established in Philadelphia in 1751 First
Hospital Pharmacy began in 1752 The Shakers and Medicinal Herbs

• Jonathan Roberts - 1st hospital pharmacist

• John Morgan (1755-56) - whose practice as • 1820 - First U.S.
a hosp. pharmacist influenced changes to industry in medicinal
become of importance to the development of herbs was carried by
professional pharmacy in North America. United Society of
Believers, known as
"Shakers"
Greatest of the Pharmacists - Chemists
Carl Wilhelm Scheele American Pharmaceutical Association
• Daniel B. Smith - 1st President
• Discovered oxygen, chlorine, prussic acid,
tartaric acid, tungsten, molybdenum, glycerin, • William Procter Jr. - 1st Secretary
nitroglycerin and countless other organic • The 20 delegates launched the APA and
compounds opened membership to "all pharmaceutists
• Father of Modern Plant Chemistry and druggists" of good character who
subscribed to its Constitution and to its Code of
Ethics.
America's First Apothecary General
Andrew Craigie
• Bostonian apothecary

European and American Pharmacy meet
• These 2 group met for the first time at the
Second International Congress of Pharmacy
in Paris, France in 1867.
• "Doctrine of Signature" a belief that God had
placed the sign of healing subs. Indicating their
usage against disease
• Example: Liverwort resembles a liver, good for
liver ailments

Father of American Pharmacy Galen

William Procter Jr. • Experimenter in Drug Compounding
• Graduated from Philadelphia College the of • Practice and taught both Pharmacy and
Pharmacy in 1837 Medicine in Rome
• His principles of preparing and
compounding medicines ruled in the Western
world for 1500 years
People with Significant Contribution • Galenicals
in the Development of Pharmacy • Originator of the formula for a "cold cream"

Theophrastus Avicenna - the "Persian Galen"

• “Father of Botany” • Arabian era
• About 300 BC • Ibn Sina (980-1037)
• Greatest early greek philosopher and natural • Pharmacist, poet, philosopher and diplomat.
scientist
• Pharmaceutical teachings.
• His observations and peculiarities of herbs are
usually accurate
Damian and Cosmas
Pedanios Dioscorides • Patron Saints for Pharmacy and Medicine
• 1st century AD • Twinship of the health Profession
• He contributed highly to such a transition in • Damian - apothecary
Pharmacy
• Cosmas - physician
• He observed, recorded, and spread the
excellent rules for collection of drugs, their
storage and use.
Mithridates VI
• King of Pontus (100BC)
Paracelsus
• He battled Rome for a lifetime Make the "Art
• Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus
of Poisoning" art of preventing and
Bombastus von Hohenheim in 1493
counteracting poisoning
• Most impt. Advocate of chemically
• He used himself as well as his prisoners as
prepared drugs from crude plant and mineral
"guinea pigs" on which poisons and antidotes
substances.
are tested.
• He believed that collection of those subs.
should be determined by Astrology
 •His famed formula of alleged pain antidotal
powers "Mithridates" was popular for over a
thousand years
Friedrich Wilhem Adam Sertuner
• German Apothecary
• Discovered "morphine" - opium's chief
narcotic principle
• "alkaloids"
Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph-
Bienairne Caventou
• French pharmacists
•Isolated "emetine" from Ipecacuanha in 1817
• "Strychnine and Brucine" from Nux vomica
in 1818
• Peruvian barks against Malaria
• 1820: announced the methods of separation of
quinine and cinchonine from cinchona barks
Stanislas Limousin (1831-1887)
• Inventive genius
• French retail Pharmacist
• He invented:
- Medicine dropper
- System of coloring poisons (such
corrosive sublimate)
- Wafer cachets (mass production of
gelatin capsule)
- Development and perfection of apparatus
for the inhalation and therapeutic
administration of oxygen
- Glass ampoules that could be sealed
and sterilized for preservation of solutions
for hypodermic use.
Emil Von Behring and Emil Roux
• 1894; announced the effectives of diphtheria
antitoxin
• Park, Davis & Company - pioneer in
producing the vaccine
• 1895: Vaccine became available
• Inoculation of horses with diphtheria toxin was
the first step
• 1903: U.S. Biological License No.1
• 1955: Poliomyelitis vaccine
Ernest Francois Auguste Fourneau (1872-
1949)
• French pharmacist
• Headed for 30 years chemical lab in the
world - Renowned Institute Pasteur, in Paris
• Bismuth and Arsenic compounds - tx of
Syphilis
• Broke the German secret for sleeping sickness
• Sulfonamide compounds
• Antihistaminic properties
• Chemotherapeutic research
• Antibiotics was first observed by Pasteur in
1877 Fleming's discovery of Penicillin in 1929
went underdeveloped and Florey & Chain
studied in 1940.
• Streptomycin (1944)
• Chloramphenicol (1947)
Don Leon Ma. Guerrero
• 1871: UST offered the course BS Pharmacy
and Licentiate in Pharmacy
• First Filipino to study Pharmacy
• One of first graduates among the class of
six, five of whom were dispensing Pharmacist,
botanist, educator and a leader.
• "Father of Philippine Pharmacy"
• Appeared in the first registrants on the
Second earliest complied Book I. (May 22,
1903)
• First among many Filipinos to put the
Philippines on the scientific map of the world.
Botica Boie
• First drugstore in the Philippines
• Served as a soda fountain and drug company
at Old Escolta
• Founded by a young physician - pharmacist
Dr. Lorenzo Negrao
• The country's largest and modern
pharmacy at the time.
THE GOVERNOR WHO HEALED THE SICK
Many Europeans "of quality and wealth,
particularly those who were non-conformists
in religion" were attracted to the possibilities of
the American Colonies. From Britain came John
Winthrop, first Governor of Massachusetts Bay
Colony and founder of Boston. Governor
Winthrop, unable to induce professionals to the
Colony, sought advice from English
apothecaries and physicians, and added to his
small store of imported drugs those derived from
plants native to New England. In his home
(about 1640), he made available as best he
could the "art and mystery" of the apothecary for
his citizens.
THE PHARMACOPEIA COMES OF AGE
The first "United States Pharmacopoeia"
(1820) was the work of the medical profession.
It was the first book of drug standards from a
protessional source to have achieved a nation's
acceptance. In 1877, the "U.S.P was in danger of
dissolution due to the lack of interest of the
medical profession. Dr. Edward R. Squibb,
manufacturing pharmacist as well as physician,
took the problem to The American
Pharmaceutical Association convention.
Pharmacists formed a "Committee on Revision"
chairmanned by hospital pharmacist Charles
Rice, assisted by pharmacist-educator Joseph P.
Remington, and by Dr. Squibb, their
indefatigable collaborator. The "U.S.
Phamacopoeia" surged to new important.
SCOPE OF PRACTICE AND ESSENTIAL
FUNCTION OD PHARMACIST
SCOPE:
1. The provision of pharmaceutical care by
taking responsibility for the patient's medicine
related needs and being accountable for
meeting these needs, which shall include but
not limited to the following functions:
(A) Evaluation of a patient's medicine by
determining the indication, safety and
effectiveness of the therapy
(B) Dispensing of any medicine prescribed by
physician
(C) Furnishing of information and advice to the
patient the proper use of medicines
(D) Determining patient compliance with the
therapy and follow up to ensure that the
patient's needs are being met.
2. Compounding, preparation and dispensing of
medicine
3. Purchasing, Acquiring, Importing, Releasing
and storage of medicines
4. Initiation
and conducting pharmaceutical
research and development.
5. Promotion of Public Health
Functions of Practicing Pharmacists:
1. Professional function
2. Technical function
3. Administrative, supervisory & managerial
functions
4. Entrepreneurial functions
Professional Function:
1. Participating in the practice of drug use
decisions
2. Selecting the drug product dosage form
3. Selecting the drug product source of supply
4. Determine the dose and dosage schedule
5. Preparing the drug product for patient's use
6. Dispensing the drug with proper instruction
7. Providing drug information to the patient
8. Monitoring the patient to maximize
compliance
9. Monitoring the patient to detect adverse drug
reactions and interactions
10. Monitoring the patient to enhance the
outcomes of drug therapy
11. Counseling patient on the appropriate
utilization of medication.
Technical Function:
1. Functions indirectly related to dispensing.
These include such tasks as stocking shelves,
cleaning up after pharmacists has prepared the
drug. Clearly these are no professional tasks.
2. Functions carried out as a prerequisite to
dispensing. These include the repacking of
multiple and unit dose packages of drugs and
their labeling
3. Functions directly involved with dispensing.
These include counting or dispensing
prefabricated medications, reconstituting drug
powders and preparing labels, all under the
direct supervision of a pharmacist.
Administrative, Supervisory and Managerial
functions:
• Proper prescription management
• Record keeping
Entrepreneurial functions :
• Many pharmacists embark on putting their own
drugstore. They are directly dependent on their
own skills as professionals and as managers.
• The possibility of conflicts between
professional and entrepreneurial goals, values,
and activities is very high.
Functions of other pharmacists:
• Some pharmacists are not engaged in in
providing pharmaceutical services directly to
patients. They are, however, engaged in
important functions related indirect ly to the
practice.
1. Research and Development
2. Production
3. Quality Control
4. Sales and Marketing
5. Teaching and Research in academic
institutions
6. Legal and regulatory functions with regards to
drugs and pharmaceutical practice
7. Public health functions
8. Association world
9. Pharmaceutical journalism
I AM A PHARMACIST
I am a specialist in medications
I supply medicines and pharmaceuticals to
those who need them.
I prepare and compound special dosage forms.
I control the storage and preservation of all
medications in my care.

• Pricing procedures
I am a custodian of medical information
• Maintaining patient's drug histories
My library is a ready source of drug knowledge.
• Inventory control My files contain thousands of specific drug
names and tens of thousands facts about them.
• Purchase request
My records include the medication and health
• Personnel scheduling history of entire families. My journals and
• Payroll
meetings report advances in pharmacy from
around the world.
I am a companion of the Physician
I am partner in the case of every patient who
takes any kind of medication. I am a consultant
on the merits of different therapeutic agents. I
am the connecting link between physician and
patient and the final check on the safety of
medicines.
I am a counselor to the patient
I help the patient understand the proper use of
prescription medication. I assist the patient's
choice of nonprescription drugs or in the
decision to consult a physician. I advise the
patient on matters of prescription storage and
potency.
I am guardian of the public health
My pharmacy is a center for health-care
information. I encourage and promote sound
personal health. My services are available to all
at all time.
THIS IS MY CALLING* THIS IS MY PRIDE.
Current and Emerging Fields in
Pharmacy
1. Academe
2. Ambulatory Care/ Outpatient pharmacist -
provide care to patients transitioning from
hospital to home or another health care facility
especially for patients taking multiple
medications.
3. Cardiology Pharmacists - deliver direct
patient care to patients with cardiovascular
disease.
4. Community Pharmacy - dispense
prescriptions and OTC medications
5. Clinical Pharmacist - works with physician,
patient and other health professionals to ensure
that medication produce the best possible health
outcome.
6. Community health care pharmacy - provide
health care services and information to
underserved communities in outpatient settings.
7. Compounding pharmacist - create
personalized medications for patients with
medication related challenges.
8. Consultant pharmacist - specialized in drug
therapies for the prevention of drug therapy
related problems. They don't usually dispense
medication themselves but rather they monitor
dosages, side effects and length of therapies.
9. Critical Care Pharmacy - often works in
dynamic environments like ICU and Emergency
departments by providing appropriate
medication therapy in a timely manner.
10. Emergency Pharmacy - works the
emergency staff to promote safe and effective
medication use in the emergency department.
They collaborate in the selection and monitoring
of medications and provide direct patient care.
11. Geriatric Pharmacists - have special
knowledge in the care of older adults and they
frequently have experience in ambulatory
care, acute care and long- term care. They
specialize in Pharmacokinetic and
Pharmacodynamics.
12. Hospital Pharmacist - prepares and
dispense medication order.
13. Industrial Pharmacist - they manufacture
medicines, regulatory affairs and business
development.
14. Infectious disease pharmacist - acts as
steward of antibiotics, often operating
surveillance programs for antibiotics.
15. Informatics - seeks to use data, information
and knowledge to improve to improve human
health and the delivery healthcare. It combines
elements of computer science and
technology with a knowledge of medicine to
advance public health and patient care.
16. Journalism - writes about the medical field
for journals and online publications.
17. Long-term care pharmacists - usually care
for a resident population in a setting such as a
mental institution, rehabilitation center, urgent 27. Research and Development - spend the
care facility or even correctional facility. They majority of their time researching the
monitor patient conditions and regulate drug development of new drugs as well as alternative
protocols. indications for existing ones.

18. Medical Sales - sell medical products to
doctors, pharmacists and organizations like
hospitals and clinics.
19. Military pharmacy - contributes to the
health of service members during peace and
war. They may serve in community hospitals
or military bases, where they serve service
members and their families, or they may be
deployed with hospital field.
28. Transplant Pharmacy - Solid organ
transplantation pharmacists manage complex,
medication regimens involved in all stages of
transplant
29. Veterinary Pharmacist - evolved from
compounding medicines to include pain
management treatments and other consults.

20. Nuclear Pharmacist - prepare and

dispense patient - specific compounds that aid Employment Opportunities
in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic
1. Drugstore
procedures. They practice mostly in hospitals
• Drugstore owner
and they have minimal patient interaction.
• Supervising Pharmacist
21. Nutrition Support pharmacy - addresses
the care of patients who receive specialized 2. Chain Drugstore
nutrition support in the form of IV or feeding • Chain Drugstore owner
tubes. • Staff Pharmacist
• Branch Pharmacist
22. Oncology pharmacy - aid cancer care • Supervisor
teams in treating patients by educating patients • Manager
about side effects, conducting safety checks,
preparing chemotherapy doses, and conducting 3. Government Agency
drug development research. They work to • Hospital: staff pharmacist, chief
maximize the benefits of drug therapy and pharmacist
minimize toxicities. • FDA: Food and Drug regulation officer
• PDEA: Pharmacist
23. Operating room pharmacy - help surgical • DOH: Pharmacist
teams reduce the incidence of adverse drug • NBI: Drug Analyst
events by reviewing orders prior to • AFP: Military Pharmacist
administration. They also manage narcotic
dispensing and pharmaceutical waste disposal. 4. Drug Distributor Company
• Company Pharmacist
24. Pediatric pharmacy - ensure safe and
• Owner
effective drug use for patients up to age 18. they
provide patient care, provide alternate dosage 5. Hospital
forms and specialized drug therapy monitoring • Hospital Pharmacist
for pediatric patients. • Clinical Pharmacist
• Supervisor
25. Psychiatric pharmacy - psychiatric
• Director of Pharmacy
medications can be complex, drug regimens can
• Chief Pharmacist
be confusing, psych pharmacist can clarify best
choices.
6. School of Pharmacy
26. Regulatory pharmacy - oversee • Laboratory Instructor
regulations and guidelines that regulate clinical • Lecturer
trials and other aspects of human research • Department Head
• Dean
 • Owner
7. Chemical/ Cosmetic Company
• Company Pharmacist
• Owner
8. Drug Manufacturing
• Company pharmacist
• Medical Representative
• Regulatory affairs manager
• Manufacturing pharmacist
• Quality control pharmacist
• Production Manager
• Clinical researcher
• Consultant
• Product Development pharmacist
• Owner
UNIT II: ATTRIBUTES AND ROLES
OF PHARMACISTS
Pharmacists are medication experts.
Preparation, Control, use, and assuring
desired outcomes of medicines in patients,
beginning with drug discovery and continues
through their benefit to society.
Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Function Per
Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016 Republic
Act NO. 10918
A.Activities Exclusive to Pharmacists
1. Prepare, compound or manufacture,
preserve, store, distribute, procure, sell or
dispense, or both, any pharmaceutical product
or its raw materials; or
2. Render services such as clinical pharmacy
services, drug information services, regulatory
services, pharmaceutical marketing, medication
management, or whenever the expertise and
technical knowledge of the pharmacist required;
or
3. Engage in teaching scientific, technical or
professional pharmacy courses in a school or
college of pharmacy; or
4. Supervise the practice of sub-professionals in
the dispensing of pharmaceutical products; or
5. Provide other services where pharmaceutical
knowledge is required.

Future Pharmacists must possess specific

knowledge, attributes, skills and behaviors that
B. Activities which are Non - Exclusive to
support this expertise.
pharmacist

1. Conduct chemical, biological or

Ten Star Pharmacist: microbiological analysis and assay of
pharmaceutical products, food/dietary
1. Pharmaceutical Care Giver supplements, health supplements, cosmetics; or
2. Decision Maker
2. Perform physicochemical analyses of medical
3. Communicator devices used in aid of administration of
pharmaceutical products; or
4. Leader
5. Manager 3. Administer adult vaccines that are approved
by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
6. Teacher subject to training, certification and other
7. Life Long learner requirement as provided in this IRR or RA No.
10918
8. Entrepreneur
4. Conduct or undertake scientific research in all
9. Agents for positive change
aspects, involving pharmaceutical products and
10. Researcher health care.
 All pharmacists are expected to abide by
current standards such as but not limited to
the Philippine Practice Standards for
Pharmacists, Good Pharmacy Practice, Good
Regulatory Practice, Good Laboratory Practice,
Good Distribution Practice, Good Storage
Practice, Good Warehousing Practice, Good
Manufacturing Practice and Good Clinical
Practice which are deemed vital in the
performance of their roles and functions in
different practice areas.
UNIT III: EDUCATION AND
TRAINING OF PHARMACISTS
University of Santo Tomas Faculty of
Pharmacy
• Which offers the Frist Pharmacy Couse
• founded in May 1871
• By virtue of the Modification of the Moret
decree. It was during the Spanish regime, the
degree in pharmacy was six years.
Timeline:
• 1901: when the American administration took
over, the curriculum was revised to four years.
• 1916: the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Pharmacy was further revised to three years.
• 1930: when a four-year curriculum was
adapted.
• 1954: the curriculum was revised to five years.
• 1984: the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Pharmacy curriculum was again reduced to four
years with the integration of some subjects.
At present the different pharmacy programs
offered in the Philippines are as follows:
1. Four year BS Pharmacy
2. Five year BS Pharmacy in Clinical Pharmacy
3. Five-year Industrial Pharmacy
4. Six-year Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D)
5. Two-year post-baccalaureate degree leading
to Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D)
6. Two year Master of Science in Pharmacy
(MSPharm)
7. Three year Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmacy
(Ph.D. in Pharm)
Pharmacy Education is a four-year
Bachelors’ Degree which provides a broad
spectrum of scientific training and can lead to
employment in a wider range of scientific fields
principally in higher education institutions,
community drug stores, hospitals, in
government agencies, research establishments,
public health and pharmaceutical industry. It
should also encompass pharmaceuticals,
cosmetics, household hazardous substances,
drug delivery devices and veterinary medicines.
Provide the country with pharmacists who
are scientifically competent to deliver full
spectrum of pharmaceutical services required
in health care delivery.
After finishing the program, the graduate
shall have acquired and developed the
knowledge, skills, aptitude and
competencies in:
1. Conducting scientific research methods and
processes;
2. Developing drugs for prevention,
diagnosis, mitigation and treatment of
diseases of man and animals;
3. Identifying, compounding, manufacturing,
storing and dispensing of drugs;
4. Managing drug establishments based on
sound entrepreneurial practice;
5. Providing pharmaceutical care as well as
counselling clients in the proper use of both
prescribed and patient chosen medications;
6. Providing drug and health related information;
7. Advocating professional and ethical pharmacy • Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics
practice; and,
• Pharmaceutical Research Methods with
8. Contributing to the overall social, mental, Statistics
emotional and physical health of individuals,
• Hospital Pharmacy
communities and the country.
• Pharmaceutical Toxicology
• Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics
Overview of Pharmacy Curriculum:
• Public Health Pharmacy (with
• Pharmaceutical Botany with Taxonomy
Pharmacoepidemiology)
• Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry (with
• Cosmetic Product Development (Cosmetic
Qualitative Analysis)
Product)
• Perspectives in Pharmacy
Development, Regulation and Safety
• Pharmaceutical Calculations and Techniques Assessment)
• Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry • Pharmacy Research and Thesis Writing
• Introduction to Pharmacy Administration, • Pharmaceutical Marketing and
Management and Leadership Entrepreneurship
• Analysis 1 (Quantitative Pharmaceutical • Legal Pharmacy and Ethics
Chemistry)
• Internship (Manufacturing, Hospital,
• Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Drug Delivery Community)
Systems and Medical Devices
• Dispensing I (Dispensing Process, Reading
Continuing Professional Development
and Interpreting the Prescription and Other
(CPD units)
Medicine Orders)
A requirement to renew your license (13.5
• Pharmaceutical Biochemistry
units).
• Physical Pharmacy
• Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology
ESSENTIAL PHARMACEUTICAL
• Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Organic LITERATURE
Chemistry
□ Pharmacists are in constant need of
• Pharmacognosy and Plant Chemistry recent information concerning drugs,
pharmaceutical products and even disease
• Pharmaceutical Analysis 2 (Instrumental states.
Methods of Analysis)
□ They are being asked daily to provide
• Pharmacology 1 & 2 responses to numerous drug requests for a
• Pharmacy Informatics variety of people.

• Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics

• Pharmaceutical Manufacturing (with Quality TYPES OF LITERATURE
Assurance and CGMP)
I. Primary Literatures
• Dispensing II (Medication Related Problems,
Medication Safety, and Medication Counseling) • Most current source of information

• Drug Discovery and Development

• Provides details of research methodology 3.6 An individual
and scientific results that lead to therapeutic
4. Based on geographic distribution
conclusions
4.1 Local, state, regional
• Commonly used when researching for
new medication or a new indication for a 4.2 National
medication
4.3 International
• Can be used when tertiary literature
5. Based on scope
cannot provide answer
5.1 Scientific periodicals are scholarly
• Disadvantages include misleading
publications with original research report. It is
conclusions based only on trial without context
also known as “Research Journal”.
of other researches, and the need to have good
in medical literature evaluation - The standard for article inclusion is very
high and manuscripts are accepted for
Examples:
publication after being viewed by experts in the
• Theses/Dissertations field, through referee system. Such periodicals
• Periodicals or journals, serials, magazine have an editorial board of eminent scientists
or bulletin. Advantage is the reduction in who determine editorial policy.
time of lag between the discovery of an
idea and its publication.
• Official Publications Examples:
• Conference Proceedings
• Standards • American Journal Pharmaceutical
Sciences
• Trade Literatures
• Canadian Journal Pharmaceutical
• News Sources
Sciences
5.2 Professional periodicals publish results of
CLASSIFICATION OF original research but they are less technically
PERIODICALS/JOURNALS and scientifically oriented than those reported in
the scientific journal and have a more practical
1. Based on frequency of Publication basis, resulting in the concentration of research
1.1 As issues on weekly, monthly, quarterly, on the practical aspect of the profession than on
etc. specific.
1.2 As volume on annual basis, etc. - Periodicals in this category are published
by professional association and are the official
2. Based on sources
voice of the society.
2.1 Primary periodicals – print only original
Examples:
research
2.2 Secondary periodicals – print portion of • American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
original research • American Journal of Pharmaceutical
Education
3. Based on publisher
3.1 Academic institutions II. Secondary Literature
3.2 Professional or scientific institutions • Helps locate primary literature
3.3 Government bodies • Consists of indexing and abstracting
3.4 Research institutes services of the primary literature

3.5 Commercial firms

• An indexing system provides only 2. International Pharmaceutical
bibliographic citation information (title, author Abstract (IPA)
and citation of the article)
- Provides access to both journal articles
• Abstracting services provides brief and meeting abstract available in index form
description of information contained in a specific and internet services
citation.
- Published semi-annually
• Index and abstract services are used to
- Pharmacy information
locate a given article or the writing on a
particular author or material on a given topic. - Published by American Society of Health-
System Pharmacists
3. EMBASE
Index services
- Comprehensive abstracting of the
- must be accurate, index topic to subject meeting or conference literature
headings which are in current use, be devised to
reduce between a minimum time lag between 4. The Cochrane Database of Systemic
the publication of an article and the appearance Reviews
of the reference in an index and be - Published quarterly
comprehensive.
- Includes medical treatments, conditions
• Information available from an index is and alternative therapies
limited to bibliographic references like the title of
the article and the author, the title of the
periodical in which the article is printed with the
III. Tertiary Literature
volume, the page and date of publication.
• Most commonly used sources of information
Example: because they are easy to use, convenient,
• Science Citation Index that notes concise and compact
citation of author and journal articles and • Referred as general literature
being updated on weekly basis.
• Used to refresh knowledge or learn about
a subject, and background information regarding
Abstract services a disease or treatment

- supply summaries of the articles cited. It must

be accurate and sufficient details so that those
reading them will know whether it will be worth
their time to consult the original articles. The
abstract themselves must be indexed properly
to provide quick and easy information retrieval
particularly in the pharmaceutical and other
related sciences.
Examples:
1. Harvey Whitney Books
- Newsletter that abstracts international
literature to pharmacotherapy, drug interaction,
factors influencing drug action.
- Published on monthly basis
Encyclopedias
□ Contains general aspect of the profession
□ Information found is usually out of date
Examples
Examples:
• Encyclopedias of Biological Sciences
• The Encyclopedia of Chemistry
• McGraw Hill Encyclopedia of Science
and technology
• Encyclopedia of Biochemistry
Dictionaries
• Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary
 • Blakiston’s Gould Medical Dictionary
• Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Disctionary
• Stedman’s Medical DictionaryFor
Pharmacists:
• Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Science
and Techniques
• Medical Abbreviations
• Dictionary of Organic Compounds
• Butterworth’s Dictionary
• The Condensed Medical Disctionary
Handbooks
Yearbook
□ Annual surveys relevant to the
pharmaceutical or allied sciences
□ Basically, review publications which
provide a retrospective look at advances or
accomplishments of the previous year in a
particular field or on a specific subject
Example:
• Advances in Pharmaceutical Science
• Drug Metabolism Review
• Progress in Medicinal Chemistry

□ Compilations of facts and figures in a

form which can be consulted with ease and are
usually a one- volume work
□ Information and scientific date are in a
tabular form
□ Manual, data book, reference book,
bench book, sourcebook
□ Convenient and practical source of
quantitative quick reference, reliable information
□ Revised and updated often to ensure that
the data are authoritative and current
Examples:
• Handbook of Physics
• Handbook of Pharmacology
• Langue’s handbook of Chemistry
• Manual of Diagnosis of Therapy
• Merck Index of Chemical and Drugs
• Pharmaceutical Handbook
Directories
□ List of names and address which serve to
supply information about persons, organizations
or places
□ These lists are updated and if revise
annually, the title frequently uses the term
yearbook
Monograph
□ A written account of single topic
□ Usually include recent information
□ Systemically comprehensive without
including background and historical data
Textbook
□ Serves the prime function of presenting
principles of a topic or discipline in such a way
that the information is used as the basis for
instruction in the subject
PDA Applications
□ Offers quick access to key information
while you are delivering patient care
□ Small to fit in the hand, making them
versatile tools for looking up info on drugs and
disease, finding diagnostic aids and checking
literature references on pharmacy and medical
topics.
Example:
• ePocates
• Lexi-Complete
• MobileMIcromedex
Internet Source

Examples are: • MIMS

• Drugs.com
• Encyclopedia of Association • WebMD
• Haye’s Druggist Directory • Medscape
• World’s Directory of Schools of Pharmacy • Fact and Comparison
 • Mayo Clinic C. A graduate of BS Pharmacy or its
equivalent degree by an HEI in the Philippines
or an institution of learning in a foreign country
UNIT IV: REGULATION OF duly recognized by CHED
PHARMACY PRACTICE D. Has completed an internship program
approved by the Board, pursuant to such
guidelines as may hereinafter be promulgated,
Professional Licensure Examination: in consultation with the duly recognized
association of pharmacy schools and colleges
A. Qualifications for the Licensure and the CHED
Examination
a. A citizen of the Philippines
Documentary requirement include:
b. Must be of good moral character
A. Original and Photocopy of PSA issued birth
c. Must have completed an internship certificate.
program of at least 1200 hours.
B. Original and Photocopy of PSA issued
• Community (300 HOURS) marriage certificate (for married female)
• Hospital (300 HOURS)
• Institutional (120 HOURS) C. Certification of Good Moral Character issued
• Public health and regulatory (180 by any of the following: barangay, church,
HOURS) school or employer
• Manufacturing (300 HOURS) D. NBI clearance
d. Must have graduate with the degree of E. Certified true copy of TOR in the BS
Bachelor of Science from an accredited school Pharmacy or its equivalent degree coffered by
an HEI in the Philippines or an institutions of
learning in a foreign country duly recognized by
The law stipulates that no person shall CHED.
engage in the practice of pharmacy in the
Philippines unless he: F. Certificate of Completion of the internship
program duly signed by the dean/ program
1. Is at least 21 years of age head.
2. Has satisfactorily passed the • The PLE shall be given twice a year
corresponding examination given by the Board
of Pharmacy • Ratings: A candidate must obtain a general
weighted average of seventy-five percent (75%),
3. Is a holder of a valid certificate of with no rating lower than fifty percent (50%) in
registration duly issued to him by said Board. any of the subjects.
• Report of rating: The board shall submit to the
IRR OF RA NO. 10918 PRC the ratings obtained by each candidate
within three (3) working days.
Qualifications for the Licensure • Oath of Profession: all successful candidates
Examination: in the licensure examination shall take their oath
A. A citizen of the Philippines or a foreign of profession before any member of the Board,
country which has a law or policy on reciprocity officer of the PRC or nay person authorized by
for the practice of the pharmacy profession law to administer oaths, prior to entering the
practice of the pharmacy profession.
B. Of good moral character and reputation
 Grounds for reprimand, suspension or E. Declared of unsound mind by a court of
revocation of license based on RA 5921 competent jurisdiction
A. Immoral or dishonorable conduct
B. Fraud or deceit in the acquisition of the Pharmacy Practice Setting Requirements
certificate of registration;
1. Affixing RPh after a registered
C. Gross negligence, ignorance or pharmacist’s name
incompetence in the practice of this
- Only a pharmacist shall have the right to
profession resulting in the injury,
damage or death of another; affix to his/her name, the title, “registered
pharmacist” or “RPh”.
D. Malpractice, including aiding or abetting
the commission of criminal abortion of 2. Indication of information
sex crimes through illegal compounding, - A pharmacist shall be required to
dispensing or sale of abortive or sex indicate the COR number and validity of
drugs his/her PIC
E. Acting as a dummy of an alien or a 3. Display of Certification of Registration
person who is not qualified to establish
and operate a retail drugstore; 4. Sales of medicine, pharmaceuticals,
drugs, devices
F. Addiction to alcoholic beverage or to
any habit- forming drug rendering him 5. Markings and inhibition to the sale of
incompetent to practice his profession; drug samples

G. Insanity; 6. Pharmacist required & compensation

H. Violations of any provision of the Code 7. Display of certificate required

of Ethics which may be adopted as part 8. Responsibility for Quality of
of the Rules and Regulations of the Pharmaceutical Products
Board
9. Filling and refilling of prescription
10. Label of dispensed medicine
Grounds for Non-registration
11. Record books of prescription
The Board shall not register any successful
examinee who has been: 12. Recording of Patient Medication Profile

A. Convicted of an offense involving moral A. Name of prescriber

turpitude by a court of competent jurisdiction;
B. Summarily adjudged by the Board as guilty
for misrepresentation or falsification of
documents in connection with the application for
examination or for violation of the General
Instructions to Examinees;
C. Found guilty of immoral or dishonorable
conduct by the Board;
D. Medically proven to be addicted to any drug
or alcohol by a medical or drug testing facility
accredited by the government such that it could
render him/her incompetent to practice the
profession; and
B. Name and address of patiend
C. Product name (generic and brand name,
if any)
D. Dosage strength and form
E. Quantity of drug dispensed
F. Initials of pharmacists
G. Others as may be prescribed
13. Requirements for the Opening and
Operation of a Retail Pharmaceutical Outlet or
Establishment
14. Handling of Pharmaceutical Products by
Persons Other Than a Pharmacist
15. Administration of Adult Vaccines
A. Pharmaceutical Outlet R.A. No. 8203 – Special Law on Counterfeit
Drugs
1. It should have a valid License to Operate
(LTO) issued by the FDA. R.A. No. 9165 – The Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
2. Vaccine products should have duly valid
Certificates of Product Registration (CPR) R.A. No. 9502 – Universally Accessible
issued by the FDA. Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008
3. It should maintain patient medication R.A. No. 9711 – Food and Drug Administration
profile/record. Act of 2009
4. It should have Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) for vaccine storage,
Republic Act. No. 5921- The Pharmacy Law
handling, preparation, dispensing,
administration, and disposal. • An act regulating the practice of Pharmacy and
setting standards of pharmaceutical education in
5. It should have a procedure for
the Philippines and for other purposes.
monitoring, handling and reporting of AEFI.
• It was signed into Law on June 23, 1969 with
B. Immunizing Pharmacist subsequent amendments through presidential
Only PRC-BOP certified immunizing decrees such as PD 1363 (1978), 1926 (1984),
pharmacist shall provide vaccination EO 174 (1987)
services in pharmacies. Below are the
This act provides for and shall govern:
requirements of an immunizing pharmacist:
1. The standardization and regulations of
1. Certificate of Current Employment in the pharmaceutical education
Pharmaceutical Outlet;
2. The examination for registration of graduates
2. Valid Certificate in Basic Life Support of school of pharmacy in the Philippines
Training; and,
3. The supervision, control and regulation of the
3. Valid Certificate of Training in Vaccination practice of Pharmacy in the Philippines.
Issued by PRC-BOP
➢ The Council of Pharmaceutical Education
Legal Control of Pharmacy Profession in the and the Board of Pharmacy were created
Philippines to take care of the full implementation of
the law.
• Must be a registered pharmacist (RPh)
• Administration of Pharmacy Examination
and granting of registration to practice pharmacy R.A. No. 3720 – The Foods, Drugs, Devices,
are authorities vested in the Board of Pharmacy and Cosmetics Act
which is under the PRC
• An act to ensure the safety and purity of
foods and cosmetics, and the purity, safety,
efficacy and quality of drugs and devices being
The following laws govern the practice of
made available to the public vesting the Bureau
pharmacy profession and relative to drugs in
of Food and Drugs with authority to administer
the Philippines:
and enforce the laws pertaining thereto.
R.A. No. 5921 – The Pharmacy Law
• June 22, 1963
R.A. No. 10918 – Revised Pharmacy Law
• Amended by EO No. 175 and for other
R.A. No. 3720 – The Foods, Drugs, Devices, purposes on May 22, 1987
and Cosmetics Act
R.A. No. 6675 – The Generics Law of 1988
• The law also stipulates that the Department of
Health shall, in accordance with the provision of
this act.
A. Establish standards and quality
measures for foods, drugs and devices
and cosmetics.
B. Adopt measures to ensure pure and safe
supply of foods and cosmetics, and pure,
safe, efficacious and good quality of
drugs and devices in the country.
C. Adopt measures to ensure the rational
use of drugs and devices such as, but not
limited to banning, recalling or
withdrawing from the market drugs and
devices which are not registered, unsafe,
inefficacious or of doubtful therapeutic
value, the adoption of an official National
Drug Formulary and the use of generic
names in the labeling of drugs
D. Strengthen the Bureau of Food and
Drugs
R.A. No. 6675 – Generic Law of 1988
• September 13, 1988
• An act to promote, require, and ensure
the production of an adequate supply,
distribution, use and acceptance of drugs and
medicines identified by their generic names.
It hereby declares the policy of the state:
1. To promote, encourage, and require the
use of generic terminology in the importation,
manufacture, distribution, marketing, advertising
and promotion, prescription and dispensing of
drugs
2. To ensure the adequate supply of drugs
with generic names at the lowest possible cost
to endeavor to make them available for free to
indigent patients.
3. To encourage the extensive use of drugs
with generic name through a rational system of
procurement and distribution
4. To emphasize the scientific basis for the
use of drugs in order that health professionals
may become more aware and cognizant of their
therapeutic effectiveness
5. To promote drug safety by minimizing
duplication in medications and/or drugs with
potentially adverse drug interactions
R.A. No. 8203 – Special Law on Counterfeit
Drugs
• An act prohibiting counterfeit drugs,
providing penalties for violation and
appropriating funds. The Bureau of Food and
Drugs of the Department of Health is authorized
to administer and supervise the implementation
of this act which was approved on September
4, 1996.
R.A. No. 9165 – Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002
• It is an act instituting the Comprehensive
Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 repealing RA
6425, otherwise known as Dangerous Drugs Act
of 1972, as amended, providing funds therefore,
and for other purposes.
It clearly identifies:
1. The drugs classified as dangerous drugs,
controlled precursors and essential chemicals
2. The unlawful acts and penalties
3. The participation of the family, students,
teachers and school authorities in the
enforcement of this act
4. The participation of different government
agencies and private sectors in the enforcement
of this act.
5. The programs for treatment and
rehabilitation of drug dependent.
6. The role and responsibilities of the
Dangerous drug Board and Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency.
R.A. No. 9502 – Universally Accessible
Cheaper and Quality Medicine of 2008
• An act providing for cheaper and quality
medicines, amending for the purpose RA No.
8293 or the Intellectual Property Code, RA 6675
and RA 5921, and for other purposes.

R.A. No. 9711 – Food and Drug
Administration Act of 2009
• It is an act strengthening and rationalizing
the regulatory capacity of the Bureau of Food
and Drug Administration (BFAD) by establishing
adequate testing laboratories and field offices,
upgrading its equipment, augmenting its human
resource complement, giving authority to retain
its income, renaming it the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA), amending certain sections
of RA 372, as amended, and appropriating
funds thereof.
This act has the following objectives:
1. To enhance and strengthen the
administrative and technical capacity of the FDA
in the regulation of establishments and products
under its jurisdiction.
2. To ensure the FDA’s monitoring and
regulatory coverage over establishment and
products under its jurisdiction, and
3. To provide coherence in the FDA’s
regulatory system for establishments and
products under its jurisdiction.
B. Ethical Control of Pharmacy
Profession
Importance:
1. Code of Ethics makes the decision-
making process more efficient.
2. Individual professionals may occasionally
need guidelines for directing their professional
behavior.
3. Professional ethics establish a pattern of
behavior that clients come to expect from
members of the profession.
Professional Characteristics:
1. Possession of specialized body of
knowledge which enables the practitioner to
perform a highly useful social function;
2. Possession of a set of specific attitudes
that influence professional behavior;
3. Existence of social sanction;
4. Desire to be professional; and
5. Presence of an oath of allegiance and a
code of ethics.
Universal Principles of Biomedical Ethics
Autonomy
– a form of personal liberty, where the individual
is free to choose and implements one’s own
decisions, free from deceit, duress, constraint or
coercion
Three basic elements involved in the
process:
1. The ability to decide
2. The power to act upon your decisions
3. Respect for the individual
Veracity
- it binds both the practitioner and the patient in
an association of truth.
- The patient must tell the truth in order
that appropriate care can be provided.
- The practitioner needs to disclose factual
information so that the patient can exercise
personal autonomy.
Beneficence
– acts of mercy and charity or any action that
benefits another or apply measures for the
benefit of the sick.
- One ought to prevent evil or harm
- One ought to remove evil or harm
- One ought to do or promote good
Non-maleficence
– means never to use treatment to injure or
wrong the sick. The practitioner works to
maximize the good for the patient and to
minimize harm.
Confidentiality
 – is an important aspect of trust that patients
place in health care professionals.
Justice
– is the concepts of fairness, just and
entitlements.
- In a just society, we require procedural
justice or due process in cases of disputes
between individuals.
- In health care, we deal with distributive
justice
▪ To each, an equal share (elem. Educ)
▪ To each, according to need (aid to needy)
▪ To each, according to effort
(unemployment benefits)
▪ To each, according to contribution
(retirements system)
▪ To each, according to merit (jobs and
promotions)
▪ To each, according to ability to pay (free
market exchange)
Role Fidelity
• means the practitioner practice faithfully within
the constraints of the role.
- It requires that the health care
professionals act in such a way as to
demonstrate loyalty to their patients. A type of
bond or promise is established between the
practitioner and the patient.
Informed Consent
• The rule of informed consent directs that
patients must be fully informed about the
benefits and risks of participating in a clinical
trial, taking a medication, or electing to have
surgery. It is always obtained through a written
form in situation such as clinical research and
surgery.
Patient’s Right
- Patients can expect that clinicians will
employ their knowledge and experience in
caring for them.
- Patients expect that health care providers
will provide respond to their wishes about their
treatment.
- Patients generally choose their own
physician, pharmacy and hospital.
- Patients are allowed to choose from
multiple options for treatment.
Code of Ethics
- It is carefully formulated system of
principles or rules of practice for the guidance of
a particular group of individuals such as the
members of a profession.
Philippine Pharmacists Association Code of
Ethics for the Pharmaceutical Profession
Preamble
Pharmacists are health professionals who help
individuals protect themselves against disease,
maintain good health and make the best use of
their medication.
The pharmacist promotes rational use of drugs
and ensures the provision of safe, effective and
quality drugs for improved patient care and
quality of life.
- This Code, prepared and supported by
pharmacist, is intended to state publicly the
principles that form the fundamental basis of
their roles and responsibilities which are based
on moral obligations and virtues and to guide
pharmacist in their relationship with patients,
health professionals and society.
1. A pharmacist places the well-being of
patient at the center of professional practice,
2. A pharmacist promotes the welfare of
each individual in a caring and compassionate
manner.
3. A pharmacist serves the needs of the
individual, community and society and provides
health for all.
4. A pharmacist respects the rights of
patient and upholds confidentiality of patient
records.
5. A pharmacist act with honesty, integrity,
and professional in relationship with the patient
and other health professionals.
6. A pharmacist respects the abilities,
values and contributions of colleagues and other
health professionals and work with them closely
to ensure better patient care.
7. A pharmacist is committed to a
continuously enhance professional competence.
8. A pharmacist, in coordination with the
government and other health professionals,
helps in the formulation and implementation of
health care policies, standards and programs
designed for the benefit of society.
PHARMACIST’S OATH
I, of , Hereby solemnly swear that I will
support and defend the Constitution of the
Philippines; that I will bear true faith and
allegiance to the same; that I will obey the laws,
legal orders and degrees promulgated by the
duly constituted authorities of the Republic of
the Philippines; and that I impose the obligation
upon myself voluntarily without mental
reservation or purpose of evasion. So HELP ME
GOD.
I further solemnly swear that all times and
places, I will adhere closely to the ethical and
professional rules generally accepted by the
pharmaceutical profession of the Philippines
and that I will faithfully discharge to the best of
my ability the duties and the obligations
incumbent upon legally authorized
pharmaceutical practitioner.
FIP Code of Ethics
• This statement was adopted by the Council of
the International Pharmaceutical Federation
(FIP) at its Council meetings in Vancouver on
5th September 1997.
Introduction
Profession of pharmacy that improves Patient
care
A profession is identified by the willingness of
individual practitioners to comply with ethics and
professional standards which exceed minimum
legal requirements.
1. The Pharmacist’s prime responsibility is
the good of the individual.
Obligations:
• To be objective
• To put the good of the individual before
personal or commercial interest (including
financial interest),
• To promote individual’s right of access to safe
and effective treatment
2. The Pharmacist show the same dedication
to all
Obligations:
• To show respect to life dignity
• Not to discriminate between people,
• To strive to treat and inform each individual
according to personal circumstances.
3. The pharmacist respects the individual’s
right to freedom of choice of treatment.
Obligation:
• To ensure that were the pharmacist is involved
in developing care and treatment plans, this is
done in consultation with the individual.
4. The pharmacist respect and safeguards
the individual without consent ore due
cause.
Obligation:
• Not to disseminate information which identifies
the individual without consent or due cause.
5. The pharmacist cooperates with
colleagues and other professionals and
respects their values and abilities.
Obligation:
• To cooperate with colleagues and other
professionals and agencies in efforts to promote
good health and treat and prevent ill health.
I take these vows voluntarily with the full
realization of the responsibility with which
I am entrusted by the public
6. The pharmacist act with honesty and
integrity in professional relationship.
Obligations:
 To act with conviction of conscience,
 To avoid practices, behavior of work
conditions that could impair professional
judgement.
7. The pharmacist serves the needs of the
individual, the community, and society.
Obligations:
 To recognize the responsibilities
associated with serving the needs of the
individual on the hand of society at large
on the other.
8. The pharmacist maintains and develops
professional knowledge and skills.
Obligations:
 To ensure competency in each
pharmaceutical service provided, by
continually updating knowledge and skills.
9. The pharmacy ensures the community of
care in the event of labor disputes, pharmacy
closure or conflict with personal moral
beliefs.
Obligations:
 To refer the patient to another pharmacist
 To ensure that when a pharmacy closes,
the patients are informed of the pharmacy
to which their record, if held, have been
transferred.
Oath of a Pharmacist
At this time,
I vow to devote my professional life to be
Service of all humankind through the Profession
of Pharmacy
I will consider the welfare of humanity
And relief of human suffering my Primary
concerns
I will apply my knowledge, experience and skills
to the best of my ability to ensure
Optimal drug therapy outcomes for the Patient I
serve.
I will keep abreast of development and
Maintain professional competency in
My profession of Pharmacy
I will maintain the highest principles of moral,
ethical and legal conduct.
I will embrace advocate change in the
Profession of pharmacy that improves Patient
care
I take these vows voluntarily with the full
realization of the responsibility with which
I am entrusted by the public
PHARMACEUTICAL
ORGANIZATION
Purpose:
• Attaining the same goal and objectives for the
uplifting of pharmacy as a profession and to
improve the pharmacy services in the delivery
ofbetter patient care.
• It acts as the collective voice of the
members to set standards of practice and
conduct for the profession.
The different organizations were established
either on:
1. International level
2. National level
3. Local level
4. Field of specialization- ex. PSHP
 Philippine Pharmacists Association (PPhA) CORE VALUES:
1. Solidarity
• A national organization of Pharmacists 2. Professionalism
accredited by the Professional Regulation 3. Integrity
Commission (PRC). 4. Competence
5. Social Responsibility
• Registered with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC)
• 2008: Former Philippine Pharmaceutical
Association
• Located at 815 R. Papa St., Sampaloc, Manila 9 affiliate organizations under PPhA, namely:
• Organized on Aug. 20,1920 1. Philippine Association of Pharmacist in
Pharmaceutical Industry (PAPPI)
• First national pharmaceutical organization
2. Philippine Society of Hospital Pharmacists
• First recipient of "The Outstanding (PSHP)
Accredited Professional Association of the
Year Award" by PRC in 1994. 3. Philippine Association of Colleges of
Pharmacy (PACOP)
4. Department of Health - League of
PPhA Vision Pharmacists (DOHLP)
"The pursuit of total well-being of every Filipino 5. Community Pharmacists Association of the
Through Pharmaceutical Care in partnership Philippines (CPAP)
with other health care professionals"
6. Institutional Pharmacists Association of the
Philippines (IPAP)
PPhA Mission
7. Federation of Junior Chapter- Philippines
A national organization of pharmacists, Pharmacists Association (FJCPPha)
committed to:
8. Young Pharmacists Group Philippines (YPG)
1. Uphold and enhance the nobility of pharmacy 9. Philippine Association of Pharmacists in
as profession Veterinary Industry (PAPVI)
2. Advocate the recognition of pharmacy as an
equal yet distinct partner among the health care
professions PPhA works to:

3. Actively participate in the formulation and a. Promote medication safety through its
implementation of health care policies, programs
standards and programs in the national and b. Enhance professional competency among its
international level members
4. Unite the different local pharmaceutical c. It actively provided Continuing Professional
chapters, affiliate organizations and networks Education (CPE) since 1960
with local and international health care
organizations
5. Protect the rights and promote the wellbeing • CPE seminars are available to practicing
of its members pharmacists to keep them abreast and
updated on the latest trends in
6. Provide opportunities
pharmaceutical sciences and pharmacy
for continuing practice, new drugs in the market, disease
professional growth and management, new laws and administrative
development for its orders.
members
• It provides scholarship every year to through professional and regulatory
deserving senior pharmacy students in diff. organizations."
schools of pharmacy in rotation basis
• It gives cash incentives to board topnotcher • It is the leader in establishing and supporting
in Pharmacy Licensure Exam by PRC. the healthcare regulatory affairs profession.
• It holds a 3-day annual national convention • It is actively undertaking CPE programs,
which is co-hosted by a city/provincial chapter. mostly seminar and lecture workshops.
• Celebrates the National Pharmacy Week on • It is committed to its members in bringing
the first week of December unlimited opportunities for networking and for
the profession by uniting and uplifting the roles
• The association establishes a linkage and of the pharmacists in Philippine Pharmaceutical
participates in different undertakings of Industry.
government and non-government agencies
namely:
1. Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) Philippine Society of
Hospital Pharmacists
2. Department of Health (DOH) (PSHP)
3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• It is a association
4. Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) pharmacists private and
5. Commission on Higher Education (CHED) hospitals as professional of licensed working in
government hospital pharmacists.
6. World Health Organization (WHO) • Founded in 1962
• The PSHP Bulletin- official organ
7. Health-related Professional Organization
8. Cause-Oriented Organization
PSHP Mission
"Empower hospital pharmacists to be vital
• An active participant and founding member of partners in healthcare"
Federation of Asian Pharmaceutical Association
(FAPA) and a member of International
Federation of Pharmaceutical (FIP) and Western PSHP Vision
Pacific Pharmaceutical Forum(WPPF)
"Globally recognized hospital pharmacy experts"

Philippine Association of Pharmacists in PSHP Values:

Pharmaceutical Industry (PAPPI)
1. Integrity
2. Service
• Industry or Manufacturing firms Established in
1986 3. Excellence
4. Commitment

PAPPI Mission
Philippine Association of
"We are dynamic values-driven professional Colleges of Pharmacy
group of registered pharmacists in the (PACOP)
pharmaceutical industry, committed to the
upliftment of its role in the various aspects of • It is an association of
ethical drugs, consumer health, medical devices duly – government
and veterinary drug products delivery chain, recognized colleges of
pharmacy in the Philippines represented by their
Deans who are the regular member.
• Established in 1965 EQES
• Associate members are composed of
licensed pharmacists who are faculty
members of duly recognized colleges of
Pharmacy, while the Pharmacy members are
the auxiliary members.
PACOP Mission
The Philippine Association of Colleges of
Pharmacy is a national organization whose
mission is to promote highest standards of
pharmaceutical education and training of its
members schools of pharmacy.
Department of Health-League of Pharmacists
(DOHLP)
• An organization of pharmacists from the
different fields of the DOH.
• Organized on July 14,1962 by Pharmacy
Advise to Secretary of Health
DOHLP Mission
To develop and maintain a competent uniquely
qualified and recognized group of pharmacists
who can assume and deliver their diverse
responsibilities in healthcare team.
DOHLP Vision
Globally competitive Department of Health
pharmacists to interface with a multidisciplinary
healthcare team.
Institutional Pharmacists
Association of the
Philippines (IPAP)
• Established in April
4,2004
• Composed of the
industrial/corporate pharmacists from the
medical services department of the various
private and government institutions
• Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
• Center of Health Services Inc. (CHSI)
• Manila Health Department (MHD)
• Philippine Air Line (PAL)
• Philippine Charity Sweeptakes (PCSO)
• Quezon City Health Department (QCHD)
• Social Security Systems (SSS)
• Supreme Court of the Philippines (SCP)
IPAP Mission
"'To promote continuous learning and
professional career growth by being adept with
various enhancement in the pharmacy
profession and being involved and active in
socio-civic duties. The social responsibility is to
be updated with new knowledge in our field and
in pharmaceutical industry with progress of
modern technology"
IPAP Vision
"To be an effective partner in
industry healthcare and
development"
Philippine Association of
Pharmacists in Veterinary
Industry (PAPVI)
• A professional group of RPh
in the veterinary industry,
committed to its role in gaelsis
in the Perg dealing with veterinary drugs and
products in eciatin anine Ace relation to supply,
chain, quality control, sales, marketing and
regulatory aspects.
Federation of Junior
Chapters of the PPhA
(FJCPPhA)
• Composed of Pharmacy
student officers
• Officers are elected every school year and
PPhA will select its adviser
1. To promote greater participation in the
activities of the PPhA
2. To foster closer relationship among pharmacy
students, the pharmacist, and the public and
obtain harmony and understanding
3. To promote interest among the pharmacy 1. Promote free market in pharmaceutical retail
students in scientific investigations by visits to
2. Provide quality options for consumers
pharm lab, industrial concerns, educational
films, lectures and programs 3. Promote sustainability and viability of small to
4. To uphold ethical and professional standards, medium drugstores.
defend, and protect any member whose right is
infringed.
Pharmaceutical
Healthcare Association
Young Pharmacists Group (YPG) Philippines of the Philippines
(PHAP)
• A new organization that:
• Association composed of
a. Bring together young professionals; and local and multinational
pharmaceutical
b. Encourages them to act as critical and manufacturers, traders,
innovative force distributors and retailers.

YPG Vision Federation of Asian

"We envision a community of pharmacists who Pharmaceutical
are professionally competent, socially Associations (FAPA)
responsible, ethical and committed to creating a • Professional organization
healthy and productive society." of Asian Pharmacists
Founded in 1964 with
headquarters based in
YPG Mission Manila, Philippines
“We help serve this special sector of the • FAPA Online is its official organ
membership by providing a forum for young
pharmacists in all areas of practice and by •There are 17 members from diff. Asian
encouraging them to get actively involved in countries
issues affecting Pharmacy profession”

Asian Association of
Drugstore Association of the Philippines Schools of Pharmacy
(DSAP) (AASP)
• It is an organization of drugstore owners • An international
established in April 14, 1984. organization of Asian
Schools of Pharmacy,
• Its official organ is The Tablet established on April 27,
2001 in Bangkok, Thailand

DSAP Vision • It conducts biennial congress in diff. Asian

countries Asian Conference on Clinical
1. Most credible authority in shaping healthcare Pharmacy (ACCP)
retailing.
• Original name is East Asia Conterence on
2. United in purpose to ensure sustained growth Developing Clinical Pharmacy Practice and
and prosperity Education
3. Partnering with other stakeholders in the • Asian pharmacists who were looking for a
industry. practical conference in which they could
exchange and share ideas on the concept of
clinical pharmacy
DSAP Mission
• Is conference was at Seoul, Korea in 1996
• 2nd is at Shanghai in 1999 3rd is in Japan

Federacion Internationale Pharmaceutique

(FIP)
• International Pharmaceutical Federation
• It aims to promote and defend the interest of
the profession world- wide
• Development of Pharmacy at the International
level both in the professional and in scientific
fields and the extension of the role of the
pharmacists in the field of health care.

International Pharmacy Journal - is the official

organ of the pharmacists in the field of
healthcare.
• It is based on Hague, Netherlands