SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

CLASS – 10
PRACTICAL PROCEDURE

INDEX PAGE PAGE 1

S.NO DATE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT TEACHER’S
SIGNATURE
Experiment to distinguish between an acid and an alkali

IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS
Identification of Ferrous ion
Identification of Ferric ion
Identification of Cupric ion
Identification of Zinc ion
Identification of Lead (II) ion
Identification of Calcium ion
Identification of Ammonium ion
IDENTIFICATION OF ANIONS
Identification of Sulphide ion
Identification of Sulphite ion
Identification of Carbonate ion
Identification of Chloride ion
Identification of Nitrate ion
Identification of Sulphate ion
Experiment to distinguish between Cupric oxide and
Manganese dioxide
 EXPERIMENT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN AN ACID AND AN
ALKALI
PAGE 2

EXPERIMENT Sample A Sample B

Introduce a blue litmus

paper into the given
sample.
Introduce a red litmus
paper into the given
sample
Add few drops of
Methyl orange to the
given sample.
Add few drops of
Phenolphthalein to the
given sample.
Sample identified
 IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS

FERROUS ION , FERRIC ION , CUPRIC ION

PAGE 3
EXPERIMENT Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
To the given salt
solution add few
drops of
Ammonium
hydroxide
solution
followed by
excess.
To the given salt
solution add few
drops of Sodium
hydroxide
solution
followed by
excess.
Cation identified

Equations:

FeCl2 + 2NH4OH 🡪 Fe(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl

FeCl2 + 2NaOH 🡪 Fe(OH)2 + 2NaCl

FeCl3 + 3NH4OH 🡪 Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl

FeCl3 + 3NaOH 🡪 Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl

CuSO4 + 2NaOH 🡪 Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

Note: Write equations on the plane page of the lab manual
 IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS
ZINC ION , LEAD (II) ION , CALCIUM ION
Page 4
EXPERIMENT Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6
To the given
salt solution
add few drops
of Ammonium
hydroxide
solution,
followed by
excess.
To the given
salt solution
add few drops
of Sodium
hydroxide
solution,
followed by
excess.
Cation
identified

Equations:

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH 🡪 Pb(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH 🡪 Pb(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

Pb(OH)2 + 2NaOH 🡪 Na2PbO2 + 2H2O

CaCl2 + 2NaOH 🡪 Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl
 IDENTIFICATION OF CATIONS
IDENTIFICATION OF AMMONIUM ION
PAGE 5
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
To the given sample add Name of the gas evolved:
few drops Sodium
hydroxide solution and
gently heat the mixture
Colour of the gas evolved

Odour of the gas evolved

Introduce a moist red

litmus paper to the gas
evolved
Nature of the gas evolved

Introduce a glass rod

dipped in Concentrated
Hydrochloric acid to the
gas evolved
Pass the gas evolved Cation identified:
through the Nessler’s
reagent

Equation:

NH4Cl + NaOH 🡪 NaCl + H2O + NH3

 IDENTIFICATION OF ANIONS

SULPHIDE ION , SULPHITE ION , CARBONATE ION

PAGE 6
EXPERIMENT Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Take few grams of
given sample in a
test tube and add
few drops of dilute
Sulphuric acid.
OBSERVATIONS:
Colour of the gas
evolved
Odour of the gas
evolved
Introduce a moist
blue litmus paper
to the gas
evolved.
Nature of the gas
evolved
Pass the gas -----
evolved, through
lime water.
Pass the gas -----
evolved, through
acidified
Potassium
dichromate
solution.
Pass the gas -----
evolved, through
acidified
Potassium
permanganate
solution
Pass the gas ----- -----
evolved, through
Lead acetate
solution
Gas identified
Anion identified

Equations:

Na2S + dil.H2SO4 🡪 Na2SO4 + H2S

Na2SO3 + dil. H2SO4 🡪 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2
Na2CO3 + dil. H2SO4 🡪 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2

IDENTIFICAON OF ANIONS

CHLORIDE ION

PAGE 7
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Take few grams of Colour and Odour of the gas evolved:
given salt in a test
tube add few drops
of concentrated
Sulphuric
acid .

Introduce a moist Nature of the gas

blue litmus to the evolved:
gas evolved
Introduce a glass Name of the gas
rod dipped in evolved:
Ammonium
hydroxide solution
to the gas evolved
(OR)
To the aqueous Colour of the precipitate obtained:
solution of the
given sample add
few drops of Silver
nitrate solution .
Add excess Anion identified:
Ammonium
hydroxide
solution
to the precipitate
obtained
Equation:

NaCl + AgNO3 🡪 AgCl + NaNO3

AgCl + 2NH3(aq) 🡪 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl

 IDENTIFICATION OF ANIONS
NITRATE ION
PAGE 8
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Take few grams of given Name of the
sample in a test tube add few gas evolved:
drops of concentrated
Sulphuric acid and Copper
turnings and then heat gently.
Colour of the gas evolved
Odour of the gas evolved
Introduce a filter paper dipped
in KI solution to the gas
evolved
(OR) Anion identified:
Take few grams of given sample
in a test tube add freshly
prepared Ferrous sulphate
solution, place the test tube in
slightly inclined position then
add Concentrated Sulphuric acid
dropwise.

Equations:

6FeSO4(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) 🡪 3Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)

FeSO4(s) + NO(g) 🡪 FeSO4.NO

 IDENTIFICATION OF ANIONS
SULPHATE ION
PAGE 9
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
Add few ml of water to the Colour of the precipitate obtained: Anion identified :
given sample of salt &
make a solution. Add
Barium chloride solution
to it.
Add few drops of dilute
Hydrochloric acid / dilute
Nitric acid to the
precipitate formed.

Equation:

Na2SO4 + BaCl2 🡪 2NaCl + BaSO4

 EXPERIMENT TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN CUPRIC OXIDE AND
MANGANESE DIOXIDE
PAGE 9
EXPERIMENT Sample 1 Sample 2
To the given sample,
add few drops of
concentrated
Hydrochloric acid then
heat
Introduce a moist blue -----
litmus to the gas evolved
Introduce a moist Starch -----
iodide paper to the gas
evolved
Sample identified

Equations:
MnO2 + 4HCl 🡪 MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
CuO + 2HCl 🡪 CuCl2 + H2O

******************************