TH E LI F E AND L ETTE RS OF

L E WI S C A R R O LL
 TH E

LI F E AN D L E TTE R S

L E WI S C AR R O L L
(R E V. c . L . DO DGSO N

DO D GSO N COL L I N GW
E. A. C IT
HR S C H U ROR , O X F OJU }

ILL U STR A Y E D

L ON DON : T . F I SH E R U N WI N ,

M oc ccx c nr
 TH E

LI F E AN D L E TTE R S

L E W I S CA R RO L L
(R E V c L
. . . DODGSON )

STU A RT D ODGSON C OL L I N GW

B. A . C H RI ST C H R C H “

U , OX F O RD

I LL U S TR A I E D

L ONDO N: I
‘

. F I SH E R U N WI N ,

P A TE RN OSTE R B U I L DI NGS . M o c ccx c r x

F I RS T E D I TI ON , D ecem ber , 1 898 .

SE C O N D DI TI N
E O , 7 a nu a ry , 1 899.
 TH E

I
CH LD F RIE N DS

L E W I S C A R RO L L

AND ALL WH O L OV E HIS W R I TI N GS

TH IS B OOK I S DED I A
C TE D
 PRE F A C E

T is w ith no u d
n ue n fid e nce th at I h a v e
co

acce p t e d t h e i nv i tat i o n o f t h e br o t h e r s a nd

s i s t e rs o f L ew is C ar r o ll t o w r i t e t h i s M e m o i r .

I a m w ell a w a re t h a t th e pa t h o f th e b i o graph e r i s
b e s e t w i t h p i t fa lls and t h a t fo r h i m supp r essz o
'

, , ,

716 7 1 i s a l m o s t nece ss ar i l y suggest z o falsi th e

'

l eas t o m i s s i o n m ay d i s t o r t th e w h o l e p i ct u r e .

TO w r i t e t h e l i fe o f L e w i s C a rr o ll a s it sh o u ld
b e w r i t t e n w o u ld ta x th e p o w e rs o f a m an o f far
gr eat e r e xp e r i e nce a nd i ns i gh t t h an I h a v e a ny
pr e t e ns i o n t o p o ss e ss and e v e n h e w o u ld p r o
,

b a bl y fai l to r e pr e s e nt a d e q u a t e l y s u ch a co mpl e x
p e rs o nal i ty. A t l e a s t I h a ve d o ne m y b e s t
t o j u s t i fy t h e i r ch o i ce a nd i f in a ny w ay I h a v e
,

’
w r o ng e d m y u ncl e s m e m o r y u nin t e nt i o nall y I
, ,

t r u s t t h at m y r ead e rs w i ll p a rd o n m e .

1x
 P REFA CE
My t ask h as b e e n a d e l i gh t fu l o ne I nti m a t e l y .

a s I t h o u gh t I k ne w M r D o dgs o n d u r i ng h i s .

l i fe I s e e m s i nce h i s d e a t h t o h av e b e co m e s t ill
,

b e t t e r acq u a i nt e d w i t h h i m I f th i s M emo i r .

h e lps o t h e rs Of h i s adm i re rs to a fu ll e r k no w l e dg e
o f a m an w h o m t o k no w w as to l o v e I sh all no t ,

h a v e w r i t t e n in v ai n .

I t ak e t h i s Opp o r t u ni t y Of t h a nk i ng t h o s e w h o
h a v e so k i ndl y a s s i s t e d m e in m y w o rk and firs t ,

I m u s t m e nt i o n m y Old s ch o o l m as t e r t h e R e v , .

W a t s o n H a gg e r M A to w h o m m y read e rs a r e
, . .
,

i nd e b t e d fo r t h e p o r t i o ns Of t h i s b OOk d eal i ng
’
w i t h M r D o dgs o n s m a t h e m at i ca l w o rks
. I am .

’
gr ea t l y i nd e b t e d to M r D o dgs o n s r e l at i v e s a nd.
,

to all t h o s e k i nd fr i e nds o f h i s and o t h e rs w h o

h a v e a i d e d m e in s o m any w ays i n my d i ffi cu l t
, ,

t ask I n p ar t i cu l a r I m ay m e n t i o n th e nam e s
.
,

Of H R H . . t h e D u ch e ss O f A lb an y ; M i ss D o r a
.

A bd y ; M rs E g e r t o n A ll e n ; R e v F H A t k i n
. . . .

so n ; S i r G Ba d e n P o w e ll M P ; M r A B a ll ;
.
-
, . . . .

R e v T V e r e B ayn e ; M rs B e nni e ; M i ss B l a k e
. . .

m o r e ; th e M i s se s B o w m an ; M rs B o ye s ; M rs . .

B r e m e r ; M rs B r i ne ; M i ss M a r y B r o w n ; M rs
. .

C al v e rl ey ; M i s s G e r t ru d e C h a taw ay ; M rs .

Ch e s t e r ; M r J C Cr o pp e r ; M r R o b e r t D a v i e s
. . .

M i s s D e ci m a D o dg so n ; th e M i ss e s D ym e s ; Mr s .
 P R EFA CE xi

E s ch w eg e ; M rs . F
ll e r ; M r H a rr y F u r ni ss ; u .

R e v C A G o o dh a r t ; Mr s H a rgr e a v e s ; M i ss
. . . .

R o se H a rr i s o n ; M r H e nr y H o l i d a y ; Re v H . . .

H o pl e y ; M i s s F l o r e nce J a cks o n ; R e v A K i n gs . .

t o n ; M rs K i t ch i n ; M rs F r e i l i gr at h K r o e k e r ;
. .

M r F M a d an ; M rs M ai tl a nd ; M i ss M E
. . . . .

M anne r s ; M i ss A d e l a i d e P ai ne ; M rs P o r t e r ; .

M i ss E d i t h R i x ; R e v C J R o b i ns o n D D ; . . .
, . .

M r S R o g e rs ; M rs R o u nd ; M i ss I s ab e l
. . .

S ta nd e n ; M r L S e rg ea nt ; M i s s G ayno r
. .

S i mp s o n ; M rs So u th w all ; S i r J o h n T e nni e l ;
.

M i ss E G e r t r u d e Th o ms o n ; Mr s W o o dh o u s e
. .

a nd M rs W yp e r . .

F o r t h e i r h e lp in t h e w o rk O f co mp i l i ng t h e
B i bl i o gr a ph i cal ch ap t e r a nd s o m e o t h e r p a r t s o f
t h e b o o k m y t h a nks a r e d u e t o M r E B a x t e r
, . .
,

Oxfo rd ; th e C o nt r o ll e r Of t h e U ni v e rs i ty Pr e ss ,

O xfo rd ; M r A J L a w r e nce R u gb y ; M e ssrs

. . .
, .

M acm i ll a n a nd C O L o nd o n ; M r J a m e s P a rk e r
.
, .
,

O xfo rd ; and M e s s rs Wa rd L o ck a nd C O .
, .
,

L o nd o n .

I n t h e e x t ra c t s w h i ch I h a v e g i ve n fr o m M r .

’
D o dgs o n s J o u r nal a nd C o rr e sp o nd e nce i t w i ll
b e no t i ce d t h a t I t al i cs h av e b ee n s o m e w h at fr ee l y
e mpl o ye d t o r e pr e s e n t t h e w o rds w h i ch h e u nd e r

l i ne d Th e u se Of I t al i cs w as so m ark e d a fe at u r e
.
x ii P R EFA C
E

of h i s l i t e rar y s t yl e as any o ne w h o h as r ead

,

h i s b o o ks m u s t h a ve Ob s e r v e d t h a t w i t h o u t,

t h e i r aid th e rh e t o r i cal e ffe ct w h i ch h e al w ays

,

s t ro v e t o pro d u ce w o u ld h av e b ee n s e r i o u sl y
,

m a rr e d .

S . I
DODGSON C OL L N GWOOD.

GU I L D F OR D ,

Septem ber , I 8 98 .
 C ON T E N TS

PR E FACE
L I ST or I LL U ST RAT IO NS
CH AP T R E I ( 1 83 2 — 1 8 5 0 )
Le w is C rr ll s f r eb rs— Th B ish p
’
of l
E p in— Mu d e h
r r f
rl r ft
a o o ea e o o

C p t in D d gs n— D r s b ury — L iving in W o nd e and — C

m s m nts H i fi rst s h l A
a a o o a e o
— B y ish
o a u e e s c oo L tin v rs s
a e e

g d r p rt— H g s t R gb y— Th
oo e o e oe o u e R ec or t y U m br ll — A e a
“

L y f S r w
a o or o

CH AP T R E II ( 1 85 0 - 1 860 )
Matr icu lt r st C hur h D th
io n at Ch i — of Mr s Do d gs o n— Th e
Gr t E xh ib it i n— U niv rs ity and C ll g rf l
a c ea .

H o no urs— A w o nd e

y r A th tri l tr t Mi h M h
ea o e o e e u

ea — sc - Th e Tr a in College
ll lfr
ea ca ea a sc

R hy m es— H is nom d ej> 1u m c Doth eb o ys H a —A ed Te nn ys on

- r t
O d ina io n— Se m o n r s— A vis it t F ingf or d W he re d oe s
Q u n vis its Ox f rd
o ar r

th e d ay b e in g — lhe
' ‘

ee o

C H AP T E R III ( 1 861 — 1 867 )

Jwt e t— I nd e x to “
In Memo r iam — Th e Te nnys o ns— Th e b e
l
rtisti f ri nd s A l i s A d n l
o

g inning oi
“
A ice — Te nnie — A — “ ’

W nd r l nd
c e ce ve

t r s in B ru n s R v ng — T ur w ith D
” ’ ”

L id d n — C l gn — B r l in
u e o e a o e e e o r .

r hit t r — Th M j sty f “

J sti — P t rh f — M s w A R ssi n w dd ing N ij ni Th

o o o e e a c ec u e e a e o
— — —

H i r gl y p h i
u ce e e o o co u a e e

T it ka M n st ry
ro s o a writing Gi ss n
e n
“
e o c — e e

xiii
 C ON TEN TS
C H APT R E Iv ( 1 868—1 8 76 )

L w is C rr ll s r
P AG E

Dea th f A r hd n D d gs ms t on —
’

Tr n l t i ns f A li
o c eaco o e a o oo a

C hr ist C h r h P h nt sm g ri —

k ing G l ss J k
u c a a a o a a s a o o ce

Thr gh th L b b rw in L tin C S —

C l v r l y— N t s b y n Oxf rd C h i l H tfi ld V ivis t i n
e - a a e a
ou y oo oc . .

“ "
— —

g f th Sn r k
a e e o e a o e a e ec o

— Th H u nt in
“
e o e a

C APT RH E V ( 1 8 77— 1 8 83 )

D r m ti t st s i E n T rry N t r l S i n M ss
t ll
O f rd — M D d gs n
a a c a e e e a u a c e ce a

n rtist Miss E G Th ms n Th — —

d r w ing f h il d r n— A ri s d r m— Th D s rt d P r k s
x o r . o o as a a . . o o e
“

Sy y gi s — C ir us h il d r n R w l ving u nd r gr d at s— A
a o c e cu ou ea e e e e a
— - o

l tt r t Th Ob v r R sign ti n f th L tur ship— H i

z e c c e o e a u e

e —

l t d C rat r f th C mm n R m— Dr am m si
e e o e ser e a o o e ec e e s

e ec e u o o e o o oo e - u c

C APT R ( H ) E vi 1 883 - 1 8 87

Th e P r fi ts of A uth rsh hy ip s R me ? and R ea on ?

"
— Th e

V s t J rs y u ty l t s
o o

Co mm n R m C t— t i i — P r i of io n
P ar l i m nt ry R p V r us l t r ry r j ts tt rs
o oo a o e e e ec

n i n rs tt — io i — Le

gl l l g us
a e a e e e a o a e a p o ec e

t Miss E Ri — B in gh y — “
A Tan ed Ta —R e i io

l l s v tr
o pp . x e a e

a r gum nts— Th A i Op
e e r tt
ce e e r a A ice
’
Ad en u es U nd e
gr nd Th G m f L gi Mr H arry F u rni ss
ou e a e o o c — .

C H APT E R VI I (1 88 8 —1 89 1 )
A syst m ti l if M m r i T h ni M D d gs n s shyn ss — '

W nd r l nd Stamp C s
e a c e e o a ec ca r . o o e

A L ss n in L tin — Th
“ “ -

W is W rd s b ut L tt r W iting P in ss A l i Sy l vi
e o a e o e a a e
”
—

Th N rs ry A l i
e o a o e e - r r ce ce e

nd B r n Th night m th" ” ‘

C v ntry P tm r — T l p thy— R s ign ti n f D L idd ll A

a u o e co e e u e ce

a o o r e —
o e a o e e e a e .

ett r b ut L gi
e a o o c

C H APT E R VIII ( 1 892— 1 896 )

Mr Dod gs o n r signs th e C u r t rship B rs— H l t r to
—

h il d r l mp ty Dum pty — A l gi l ntr

. e a o az aa e ec u es

c e n—A m h ni ec a ca Hu
”
o ca co o
 L I ST OF I LLU ST R A T I O N S

L E WI S C ARRO LL
(F r m ph t g ph )
AR CH D E A C O N D O DG S O N A S A Y OU N G M
o a o o ra .

AN

(F r m m i i t r p i t d b t
D AR E S BUR Y P AR SO N A G E L E WI S CARRO LL S BIR TH P LA CE
o a na u e, a n e a ou

(F m ph t gr ph by L wi C r ll )
'

L E WI S C ARRO LL A G E D 8
ro a o o a e s a ro .

il h
,

(F r m
MRS D O DG S O N L E VI S C ARRO LL S MO THE R
o a s tt ) o u e e.
’

il h
.
,
\

(F r m tt )
C RO FT R ECTOR Y AR CH D E A C O N D O DG SO N A D FAMI LY I N F OR E
o a s o ue e.

G ROU N D
(F r m ph t gr ph by I wi C rr ll 8 6
TOY S TA T IO N I G AR D E N T C RO FT
o a o o a e s a o 1 : .
,

N A

(F r m ph t gr ph )
AR CH BI S H O P T AI T
o a o o a .

(F r m ph t g ph b y E ll i tt d F y)
THE O NLY S I STE R W O WOU D WRI TE To H E R BRO THE R
o a o o ra o an r .

(F m d r w i g by L wi C rr ll )
H L

THE
ro a a n e s a o .

ll )
A GE OF 1 N N OC E N CE

(F r r rr
THE M EA L
om a d a w ing by Lew is Ca o .

rr ll )
’ ‘
SCA N I Y

(F r r L
THE F IR ST EARRI N G
om a d a w i ng by ew is Ca o .

(F rr ll )
I LL U ST RA T IO NS LAY S
r om a d r a wing by L ewis Ca o .

SORROW
r ll )
TO OF ,
NO . 2

(Fr m d
o r a wi ngs by L ewis Ca ro .

xvii
xvii i LIS T OF I LL US TRA TI ON S
E TE RIOR CH RI ST CH UR CH
X OF .

(F r r )
G RA E AR CH D EA C O N
om a ph otog aph
C RO FT CH UR CH
.

MR S D O DG S O N
YAR D
V OF AND . IN

L E WI S C ARRO LL A G E D
( I mm ) ph otogr aph
‘

a .

, 23

(F r
AR CH D E A C O N D O DG S O N
om a ph otogr aph
) .

(F r )
AR CH BI S H O P L O N G L EY
r om a ph o tog aph .

(F r w r ll
A LA S W H A T BOO TS
om a ph otogr aph by L e is Ca ro .

rr ll )
“
!
(F r r
A L F R E D TE NN Y SO N
om a d a w ing by L ewis Ca o .

(F b rr ll
BI S H O P
1 om a ph otogf aph y L e wis Ca o ,

ll
TH E OF L I N C OI N .

(F r om a r pho tog aph by

BI S H O P W I L B E R F OR CE
L ew is Ca r r o , 1 8 75 .

r ll
'

(F r
A L I CE L I DD E LL
mm
THE B E GG AR CH I L D
ph otog aph by
a L ew is Ca ro ,

“ ”

rr ll
As

(F r
SK ETCH F ROM L E O N AR D S C O N CE R T ROOM
om a ph otogr aph by L ewis Ca o ,

rr ll )
'
ST. -

(F r
G E OR G E MA C D O N A L D
om a

D AU G HTE R I L Y
d r a w ing by Lew is Ca o .

r ll
AN D H I S L

(F r r
MR S RO SS ETT I CH I L D R E N D A N TE GA RI E L CH RI ST I N A
om a ph otog aph by L ew is Ca ro ,

. AN D H E R ,
B , ,

WI LL IAM
r ll
AN D

(F b
L ORI N A A L I CE E D I TH L I DD E LL
mm a ph otogr aph y L ew is Ca r o , 1 8 63 .

rr ll )
, ,
AN D

(F r r
G E OR G E MA C D O N A L D
om a ph o tog aph by L ew is Ca o .

(F r r
SA N T R
om a ph otog aph by L e wis Cm r o ll,

rr ll
J A.
b
.
.
,

(F r
H O LMA N H U N T
om a photogr aph y L ew is Ca o ,

(F b
O H N MI LL AI S
r om a
pho togr aph y L ew is Ca n oll,
) 1 8 60 .

r ll
SI R J

(F r b
CH AR LO TTE YO N G E
om a ph otogr aph y l ewis Ca ro ,

ll
M .

(F r ph otogr aph by
CA N O N
om a L ew is Ca r r o ,

rr ll
L I DD ON .

(F r
I NS TA N CE I E RO G LY P H I C WRI T I N G D ATE
r om a photog aph by L ew is Ca o . 1 867 .

1 867
r ll )
“
OF H OF TH E

(F r om a sketch by Lewis Ca ro .
 LIS T OF I LL US TR A TI ON S x ix

SI R J O H N TE NN I E L
(F r m ph t gr ph by B
L E W I S C ARRO LL S S T U D Y T CH RI ST CH U R CH O F OR D
o a o o ) a a ssa no.
’
A X
'

(F r m ph t gr ph )
P RO F E SSOR FARA D A Y
o a o o a .

(F m ph t gr ph by L i C r ll
J U S T I CE D E N MA N
ro a o o a e ws ar o ,

(F m ph t gr ph b ll
LOR D S A L I S BUR Y D
ro a y L wi C
o o a e s ar r o ,

TW S O NS
(F r m ph t gr ph by L wi C r ll 8 7 )
AN HI S O .

F A C S IMI L E L ETTE R ROM O H N TE NN I E L T I E VI S

o a o o a e s a ro ,
1 0

CARRO LL D ATE D U N E 87
OF A P SI R J O . \
—

O H N RU SK I N
,
J 1, 1 4 7 49 0 . 1 1

(F r m ph t g ph by I i C r ll
J 5? 1

HE N R Y H O L I D AY ST U D IO
o a o o ra . w s ar o ,

IN HIS

(F r m ph t g ph )
L E WI S C ARRO LL
o a o o ra .

(F r m ph t gr ph )
E LLE N TE RR Y
o a o o a .

(F r m ph t g ph b y I i C ll )
T M T A Y L OR
a o o ra eo s ar r o
'
o .

y L wi C rr l l 8 63
O

(F r m ph t g ph b
K A TE TE RRY
o a o o ra e s a o , 1 .

(F r m ph t g ph by L w i C r ll
MI SS E G E R T RU D E TH OM SO N
o a o o ra 8 65 e s a ro , 1 .

(F r m ph t g ph )
LI DD E LL
o a o o ra .

(F r m ph t gr ph by H ill 8 S
D R .

R E S P O NS IO NS
o a o o ad )
;
a u n er s .

(F m ph t gro r ph by A T Sh im pt
a o o a . . r o rr .

H. F UR N I SS
(F r m ph t g ph )
o a o o ra .

B AL B U S A N D T D RA G O N HE

(F m r y d r wi g by th R HC G y )
M E D L EY O T I LL U ST RA T IO NS A L I CE
ro a c a on a n e ev. . . a e
’ “
F EN NI E L S IN

(F m t h i g by Mi Wh t h d )
FA C S IMI LE L ETTE R F ROM F UR N I SS T L E WI S CARRO LL
ro an e c n ss I e ea .

D A TE D AU G U ST 3 886
OF A H . o ,

6 63
SY LVI E D BRU N O
2 ,
1 2 2, 2

(F m d r w i g by H ryH l id y )
AN 64 2

FA CS IMI L E O P RO G RAMM E O A L I CE WO N D E R L A N D P
ro a a n en o a .

RO Y A L G L OB E THE A T R E D ECE MB E R 6 888 79

F F IN RO

THE M D T PARTY
D D
U CET T A HE , 2 , 1 2

(F r m ph t g ph by E ll i tt d F y )
“
A EA 8 2 0
o a o o ra o an r .
xx L IS T OF I LL US TR A TI ON S
L A TE D U K E O A L BA N Y
(F r m ph t g ph by L wi C r ll
TH E F

D E A N O CH RI ST C HUR CH
o a o o ra e s a ro ,

(F r m ph t gr ph by H i ll 6 S
T HE F

d r )
MECH A N I C A L H UM PTY DU MP I Y
o a o o a a u n e s.

T
’ ‘
HE

(F m ph t g ph )
L E WI S C ARRO LL
ro a o o ra .

(F m ph t gr ph )
T E CHE S T N U T S G UI L DF OR D
ro a o o a .

H ,

(F r m ph t g ph )
L E WI S C ARRO LL S G RAVE
o a o o ra .

(F r m ph t gr ph )
L ORI N A D A L I CE L I DD E LL
o a o o a .

(F r m ph t gr ph by L wi C r ll )
AN

A L I CE L I DD E LL
o a o o a e s ar o .

(F r m ph t gr ph by L wi C r ll )
K I TCH I N
o a o o a e s ar o .

(F m ph t gr ph by L wi C r ll )
XI E

K I TCH I N S A CH I N AMA N
ro a o o a e s a ro .

(Fr m ph t g ph by L wi C r l l
XI E A

A L I CE A D T E D ORMOU S E )
o a o o ra e s a ro .

(F r m ph t g ph by E ll i tt d F y )
N H

FA CS IMI L E O L OO K I N G G LA SS L ETTE R F ROM L E WI S

o a o o ra o an r

TO MI SS E D I TH BA LL
F A -

AR TH UR H U G HE S D H S D AU G HTE R A G N E S
(F r m ph t gr ph by L w i C r l l
AN I

W H A T L OO K L I K E W HE N M L ECT URI N G
o a o o a e s a ro
,
’

(F m d r wi g by L w i C r ll )
I I

ro a a n e s a ro .
A R CH D EA CO N D O DG S ON A S A Y OU N G MA N .
4 THE L I FE AN D L E TTE R S OF

D o dgs o n d i s co v e r e d Th e fo ll o w i ng e x t ra ct s
.

fr o m h i s l e t t ers to v a r i o u s m e mb e rs o f th e P e rcy
fam i l y ar e i n t e re s t i ng as g i v i ng s o m e i d ea o f th e
l i fe o f a r u r a l cl e rg ym an a h u ndr e d yea rs ago
I bl ig ed to yo u for pr o misi ng to w rite to m e but d o n t
am o ,
’

gi ve y ou rs elf th e tr o ubl e Of wr iti ng t o this pl ace fo r tis alm o st ,

’

imp o ssibl e to r eceiv e em w ith out s endi ng a m ess enge r 1 6

’
,

mil e s to fet ch em ’
.

V
I is imp o ssibl e t o d es crib e th e o ddity Of my situ ati on at
‘

pres ent whi ch h owever is not v o id o f s o m e pl easant circu m

, , ,

stance s .

A cl ogm ak e r co mbs o u t my wig up on my cu rat e s h ead

’
,

by way Of a bl ock and h is wife p o wd ers it with a dredgi ng

,

b ox .

Th e ve stib u l e Of th e castl e (us ed as a t e mp o rary pars onag e)

is a low st abl e ; ab o ve it th e kit ch en in whi ch ar e two littl e ,

b eds j o i ni ng to each o th er Th e curat e and h is wife lay in

.

o ne and Marg ery th e m aid in th e o th e r

,
I lay in th e p arl ou r .

b etween two b eds to k eep m e fr o m b ei ng fro z e n t o d eath for ,

as we k eep o p en h o us e th e wi nds ent e r fr o m ever y q u art er ,

and ar e apt to s weep i nt o b ed to m e .

E lsd o n was o nce a m ark e t t own as s o m e say and a city ,

acco rdi ng to o th e rs but as th e annals o f th e p arish were l o st

s everal centuri es ago it is imp o ssibl e to d e t ermi ne wh at age it
,

was e ith e r th e o ne o r th e o th e r .

Th ere ar e no t th e l east trace s o f th e fo rm er grand eu r to b e

fo u nd wh ence s o m e antiqu ari es ar e apt to b eli eve th at it l o st
b o th its trad e and ch art er at th e D eluge
,

Th ere is a ve ry g oo d u nd erstandi ng b e tween th e

parti es [h e is sp eaki ng o f th e Chu r chm en and Pr esbyt e ri ans
wh o li ve d in th e p arish ] fo r th ey no t o nly i nt erm arry w ith
,

o ne ano th e r but frequ ently d o p enance t og e th er in a white

,

sh eet with a whit e wand b arefoo t and in th e cold est s eas on

, , ,
 L E WIS CA RR OLL 5

of th e yea I r . h ave
fi nish ed th e d es cripti o n fo r fear Of
no t
bri gi g
n n on a fit o f th e ague I nd ee d th e id eas o f s ensati o n
.
,

ar e s u ffi ci e nt t o st ar ve a m an to d eath with o u t h avi ng r e ,

co urs e to th o s e Of r e fl ecti o n .

I f I was not assur e d b y t h e b e st au th o rity o n earth th at th e

w o rld is to be d e str o y e d by fi r e I sh o uld co nclud e that th e
,

d ay o f d e str u cti o n is at h and but br o ught o n b y m eans o f an

,

ag ent ve ry o pp o sit e t o th at o f h eat .

I h av e l o st th e u se o f ev er ythi ng b u t my r eas o n th ou gh my ,

h ead is entrench ed in thr ee night caps and my throat whi ch -

, ,

is ve ry b ad is fo rtifi e d by a p air o f st o cki ngs t wist ed in th e

,

fo rm o f a crav at .

A s washi ng is ve r y ch eap I wear two shirts at a tim e and

, , ,

fo r want o f a wardr o b e I h ang my gr eat co at u p o n m y o wn

,

b ack and g enerall y k eep on my b o o ts in imitati o n Of my

,

nam e s ak e o f Swed en I nd eed si nce th e s now b ecam e two

.
,

fee t d eep (as I want e d a ch aappin o f Yal e fr o m th e publi c

h ou s e) I m ad e an Offe r Of th e m to Marge ry th e m aid b u t
, ,

h er l egs ar e to o thi ck to m ak e u se o f th e m and I am t o ld ,

that th e gr eat e r part o f my parishi oners ar e no t l e ss su b

stantial and no t withst andi ng this th ey ar e r e m ark abl e fo r
,

agilit y .

In co u rs e
t i m e t h i s M r D o dgs o n b eca m e
of .

B i sh o p o f Oss o r y and F e r n s and h e w as su b se ,

q u e nt l y t ransl at e d t o th e s ee Of E lph in H e w as .

w a rml y co ngr a tu l at e d o n t h i s ch a ng e in h i s fo r
t u ne s b y G e o rg e I I I w h o s ai d t h a t h e o u gh t
.
,

i nd ee d t o b e t h an kfu l to h a v e go t a w a y fr o m a
p a l ace w h e r e th e s ta b l i ng w as s o b a d .

Th e B i sh o p h a d fo u r ch i ldr e n t h e e ld e s t o f ,

who m E l i z a b e t h A nne m arr i e d Ch a rl e s L u t

, ,
6 THE L I FE AN D L E TTE R S OF

w idge , of H o lm r o o k C u mb e rl and Tw o o f
,
in .

th e o t h e rs d i e d al m o s t b e fo r e t h e y h ad a t t a i ne d

m a nh o o d Ch arl e s th e e ld e s t so n e nt e r e d th e
.
, ,

a rm
y , a nd r o s e t o t h e r a nk o f cap t a i n in t h e

4 th D rag o o n G u a rds H e m e t w i t h a s ad fa t e
.

w h i l e s e r v i ng h i s k i ng a nd co u nt r y in I r e l a nd .

O ne o f t h e I r i sh r e b els w h o w e r e s u pp o s e d t o
h ave b e e n co nce r ne d in th e m u rd e r o f L o rd
K i l w a rd e n o ffe r e d t o g i v e h i ms e l f u p t o j u s ti ce
i f C ap tai n D o dgs o n w o u ld co m e al o ne a nd a t
ni gh t t o t a k e h i m Th o u gh h e fu ll y r eal i s e d
.

th e r i sk th e
, b rav e cap t ai n d eci d e d to t ru s t
h i m s e l f to th e h o no u r o f t h i s o u tl a w as h e fe l t ,

t h at no ch ance sh o u ld b e m i ss e d o f e ffe cti ng so

i mp o r t ant a cap t u r e H av i ng firs t w r i t t e n a
.

l e t t e r o f far e w e ll t o h i s w i fe h e s e t o u t o n th e
,

ni gh t o f D e ce mb e r 1 6 1 8 0 3 a cco mp a ni e d b y a
‘

, ,

fe w t r p
oo e rs f
,o r t h e m e e t i ng pl a c e — an Old b u t
-

t h a t s t o o d a m i l e o r so fr o m Ph i ll i ps t o w n in ,

I n a cco rd a nce w i t h th e t e rms

’
K in g s C o u nt y .

o f t h e agr e e m e nt h e l e ft h i s m e n a fe w h u ndr e d
,

y a rds fr om t h e h u t to aw a i t h i s r e t u rn a nd ,

a d vance d al o ne thr o u gh th e ni gh t A co wa rdl y .

Sh o t fr o m o ne o f t h e w i nd o w s o f t h e co t t ag e

e nd e d h i s no bl e l i fe a nd a l a rm e d t h e t r o o p e rs
, ,

w h o co m i ng u p in h a s t e w e r e co n fr o nt e d w i t h
, ,
 L E I V] S C A RR OLL 7

th e d e a d b o d y O f t h e i r l ead e r Th e s t o r y i s t o l d
.

t h a t o n t h e s a m e ni gh t h i s w i fe h ea rd t w o sh o t s
fir e d and m a d e i nq u i r y a b o u t it b u t co u ld fi n d
, ,

o u t n o t h i ng Sh o r t l y a fte r wa rds th e n e w s ca m e
.

t h at h er h u sb a nd h a d b ee n k i ll e d j u s t a t t h at
t i me .

C apt a i n D o dgs o n l e ft t wo s o ns b e h i nd h i m
H a ss a rd w h o aft e r a br i ll ia nt ca r ee r a s a sp e cia l
, ,

pl ead e r b e cam e a M a s t e r o f th e C o u r t o f C o mm o n
,

Pl e a s a nd Ch a rl e s th e fat h e r Of th e s u bj ect o f
, ,

t h i s M em o i r .

Ch arl e s w h o w as th e e ld e r o f t h e tw o w as
, ,

b o r n i n t h e ye a r 1 8 0 0 at H a m i l t o n in L a nark
, ,

sh i r e
. H e a d o p t e d t h e cl e r i ca l pr o fe ss i o n i n ,

w h i ch h e r o s e t o h i gh h o no u rs H e w as a d i s
.

t ingu ish e d s ch o l a r a nd t o o k a d o u bl e fi rs t a t
,

Chr i s t C h u r ch O xfo rd A l t h o u gh in a ft e r l i fe
,
.

m a t h e m at i cs w e r e h i s fav o u r i t e p u r su i t ye t th e ,

fact t h a t h e t r an sl at e d T e r t u ll ia n fo r th e L i bra r y “

o f t h e F at h e rs i s s u ffi ci e nt e v i d e n ce t h a t h e
m a d e g o o d u se o f h i s cl a ss i ca l e d u ca t i o n I n th e .

co n t r o v e rs
y a b o u t B ap t i s m a l R e g e n e r at ion h e

t o o k a pr o m i ne n t p a r t s i d i ng o n th e q u e s t i o n
,

w i t h t h e Tr a ct a r ia ns t h o u gh h i s v i e w s o n s o m e
,

o t h e r p o in t s o f Ch u r ch d o ct r i ne w e r e l e s s a d v a nce d

th a n t h o s e o f t h e l ea d e rs O f th e O x fo rd m o ve m e n t .
8 THE L I FE AN D L E TTE R S OF

H e w as a m an o f d ee p p i e ty and o f a s o m ew h at
r e s e r v e d and grave d i sp o s i t i o n w h i ch h o w e v e r
, , ,

w as t e mp e r e d b y t h e m o s t g e ne r o u s ch a r i t y 5 0 ,

t h at h e w as u ni v e rs all y l o v e d b y th e p o o r I n .

m o m e nt s O f r e l a x a t i o n h i s w it a nd h u m o u r w e re
th e d e l i gh t o f h i s cl e r i cal fr i e nds fo r h e h a d th e
,

ra r e p o w e r o f t el l i ng a ne cd o t e s e ffe ct i v e l y H i s .

r e ve r e nce fo r s acr e d t h i ngs w as so gr eat t h at h e

w as ne v e r k no w n t o r e l a t e a s t o r y w h i ch i ncl u d e d
a j e s t u p o n w o rds fr o m t h e B i bl e .

I n I 8 3 O h e m a rr i e d h i s co u s i n F r a n ce s J a ne
,

L u t w idge b y w h o m h e h ad e l e v e n ch i ldr e n a ll o f
, ,

w h o m e x ce p t L e w i s C a rr o ll s u r v i v e
, , . H i s W i fe ,

in t h e w o rds o f o ne w h o h ad th e b e s t p o ss i bl e
o pp o r tu ni t i e s fo r O bs e r v i ng h e r ch a r act e r w as ,

o ne o f t h e s w ee t e s t a nd g e nt l e s t w o m e n t h a t
“

e ve r l i v e d ,
w h o m t o k no w w as t o l o ve Th e
.

e a r ne s t ne ss o f h e r s i mpl e fa i t h and l o v e sh o ne
fo r t h in all sh e d i d and s a i d sh e s e e m ed t o l i v e
a l w a s i n t h e co ns ci o u s pr e s e nce o f G o d I t h as
y .

b ee n s a i d b y h e r ch i ldr e n t h a t t h ey n e v e r in all
t h e i r l i v e s r e m e mb e r t o h a v e h ea rd an i mp a t i e nt
o r h a rsh w o rd fr o m h e r l i ps . I t i s e a s y t o t race
in L e w i s C a rr o ll s ch a ract e r t h e i nfl u e nce Of t h a t
’

m o s t g e nt l e o f m o t h e rs ; t h o u gh d ead sh e s t i ll
sp ea ks t o u s in s o m e o f th e m o s t b eau t i fu l and
 L E WI S CA RR OLL 9

t o u ch i ng p ass ag e s o f h i s w o rks ; N o t so l o ng ago

I h a d a co nv e rs a t i o n w i t h a n Old fr i end Of h i s ;
o ne o f t h e firs t t h i ngs sh e s a i d t o m e w as Te ll ,
.

”
m e ab o u t h i s m o t h e r . I co mpl i e d w i t h h e r t e
q u e s t as w e ll a s I w as a bl e a nd w h e n I h ad , ,

fi ni sh e d m y a cco u nt o f M rs D o dgs o n s b eau t i fu l

’
.

ch a r acte r Sh e s a i d
, , A h I k ne w it m u s t h av e
“
,

be e n s0 I fe l t s u r e h e m u s t h a ve h a d a g o o d
°

mo ther .

On J an u a r y 2 7 1 83 2
, Ch a rl e s L u t w idge
,

D o dgs o n w as b o r n at Da r e sb u r y o f w h i ch p a r i sh ,

h i s fat h e r w as t h e n i n cu mb e nt Th e v i ll ag e o f .

D a r e sb u r y i s ab o u t s e v e n m i l e s fr o m Wa rr i n g to n
i t s na m e i s s u pp o s e d t o b e d e r i ve d fr o m a w o rd
m eanin g o ak and ce r tai n l y o a ks ar e v e r y pl e nt i fu l
,

in th e ne i gh b o u rh o o d A ca na l p a ss e s t hro u gh
.

an o u t l yi ng p a r t o f t h e p a r i sh Th e b a rg e m e n
.

w h o fr e q u e nte d t h i s ca na l w e re a sp eci a l o bj ect

’
of M r . D o dgs o n s p a s t o ral ca re O nce w h e n .
,

w al k i ng w i t h L o rd F r an ci s E g e r t o n w h o w as a ,

l a rg e l an d o w ne r i n t h e d i s t r i ct h e sp o k e o f h i s
,

d e s i r e to pr o v i d e s o m e s o r t o f r e l i g i o u s pr i v i l eg e s
fo r t h e m . I f I o nl y h ad h e s ai d I ,
“

w o u ld t u r n o ne o f t h o s e b a rg e s i nt o a ch ap e l ,

’
and ,
at h i s co mp ani o n s r e q u e s t h e d e s cr i b e d
,

e x a ct l y h o w h e w o u ld h a ve t h e ch a p e l co n s t r u c t e d
12 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE R S OF

s o m e wha t r u d i m en ta r y ; h e u s e d t o p e e l r u sh es
w i t h t h e i d e a t h a t t h e p i t h w o u ld a ft e r wa rds
“
b e g i v e n t o th e p o o r t h o u gh w h a t p o ss i bl e
,

u se t h e y co u ld ut it t o he n v r at t mp t d
p e e e e

t o e xpl ain I n d ee d h e s ee ms at t h i s t i m e t o
.

h a v e a ct u a ll y l i ve d i n t h a t ch a rm i ng Wo n d e r “

l and w h i ch h e a fte r w a rds d e s cr i b e d so v i v i dl y ;

b u t fo r a ll t h a t h e w a s a t h o r o u gh b o y a nd lo v e d ,

t o cli mb th e t r e e s an d t o s cr a m b l e a b o u t i n t h e

o ld m a rl p i t s
-
.

One o f th e fe w br ea ks in t h i s v e r y u ne v e nt fu l
l i fe w as a h o l i d ay sp e nt w i t h th e o t h e r m e mb e rs o f
h i s fa m i l y i n B e a u m ar i s Th e j o u r n ey t o o k t hr e e
.

d a ys ea ch w ay fo r r a i lr o a ds w e r e t h e n al m o s t
,

u n k no w n ; and w h at e v e r a d v a nt ag e s co ach i ng

m ay h a v e h a d o v e r t r a v e ll in g i n t r a i ns sp e e d w as ,

ce r tai nl n o t o ne o f t h e m
y .

M r D o dgs on fr o m th e fi rs t u s e d t o ta k e an
.

’
a ct i v e p a r t i n h i s s o n s e d u cat i o n a nd t h e fo ll o w in g
,

a ne cd o t e w ill sh o w t h a t h e h ad at l e a s t a p u p i l

w h o w as a nx i o u s t o l e a r n One day w h e n Ch a rl e s
.
,

w as a v e r y sm a ll b o y h e ca m e u p to h i s fa th e r
,

a nd sh o w e d h i m a b o o k o f l o g a r i t hms w i t h t h e ,

requ est ,
Pl e a s e e xpl ai n
“
M r D o dgs o n t o ld
. .

h i m t h at h e w as m u ch t o o yo u ng to u nd e rs t an d
an yt h in g a b o u t s u ch a d i ffi cu l t s u bj e ct
- Th e .
 L E WI S CA R R OLL 13

c h i ld l i s t e ne d to w h at h i s fat h e r s ai d a nd app ear e d ,

t o t h i n k it i rr e l e v an t fo r h e s t i l l i ns i s t e d B ut
“
, , ,

”
pl ea s e e xpl ai n !
,

On o ne o cca s i o n M r an d M rs D o dgs o n w e nt . .

t o H u ll t o pay a v i s i t t o
,

’
th e l a t t e r s fat h e r w h o ,

h a d b ee n s e r i o u sl y i ll .

F ro m H u ll M rs D o dgs o n .

w r o t e to Ch a rl e s an d h e ,

se t m u ch s t o r e b y t h i s
l e t t e r w h i ch was pro b a bl y
,

o ne Of t h e fi rs t h e h a d

r ece i v e d H e w as a frai d
.

t h a t s o m e o f h i s l i t tl e
s i s t e rs w o u ld m e ss i t o r ,

t ea r it u p s o h e w r o t e
,

u p o n th e b a ck N o o ne
,

i s t o t o u ch t h i s no t e fo r ,

it b e l o ngs t o C L D . . .

b u t t h i s w a r ni n g a pp e a r
,

ing i ns u ffi ci e n t h e a dd e d , ,

C overed w i t h sl i my M D O DG S O RS ' N

p i t ch so t h a t t h e y w i ll w e t t h e i r fi ng e rs
, Th e .

pr e ci o u s l e t t e r r an a s fo ll o w s :
MY D EA E S R T CH A IERL ,
h ave u s ed yo u rath e r ill in no t
—
I
h avi ng writt en to yo u s oo ner but I k now you will fo rgive m e
, ,
 L IF E
'

TH E A N D L E TTE RS OF

as y ou r Grandpapa h as lik e d to h av e m e with h im so m u ch ,

and I co uld no t w rit e and t alk t o h im co mfo rta bl y A ll y o ur .

no t e s h ave d elight e d m e my pr e ci o us chi ldr en and Sh o w m e

, ,

that yo u h av e not quit e fo rgo tt en m e I am al ways thi nki ng .

o f yo u and l o ngi ng t o h av e yo u all r o u nd m e ag ai n m o r e th an

,

wo rds can tell Go d grant th at we m ay fi nd yo u all well and

.

h app y o n Friday eveni ng I am h appy to say yo ur d earest .

P apa is quit e well his co ugh is r ath e r tickling b u t is Of no

—
,

co ns e qu ence I t d e lights m e my d arli ng Ch arli e to h ear th at

.
, ,

y ou a e g e tti
r ng o n so w e ll w ith yo ur L a ti n and th at yo u m ak e ,

so few mist ak e s in y ou r E x er cis es Y o u will b e h app y to h ear .

th at y o ur d eare st Grandpapa is g o i ng o n ni cely ind eed I h o pe —

h e w ill s o o n b e quit e well agai n H e t alks a gr eat d eal and .

m o st ki ndly ab o ut yo u all I h o p e my s weet est Will s ays .

“
Mam a s o m e tim es and th at pr eci o us Tish h as no t fo rg o tt en
”
, .

Giv e th e m and all my o th er treas ur e s includi ng y o urs elf , ,

I oo o oo
,
o ,
o o kiss e s fr o m m e with my m o st aff ecti o nat e l o v e
,
o , .

I am s e ndi ng yo u a Sh abby no t e but I canno t h elp it Give my , .

ki nd e st l o ve to A u nt Da and b e li ev e m e my o w n d earestr, ,

Charli e to b e y o u r Si nce rel y affecti o nat e

A MA
,

M .

A m o ng t h e fe w v i s i t o rs w h o d i s t u rb e d t h e
r e p o s e O f Da r e s b u r y P a rs o nag e w as M r D u r n .

fo rd a ft e r w a rd s B i sh o p o f C h ich es te r w ith W h o m
'

, ,

M r D o dgs o n h a d fo rm e d a cl o s e fr i e nd s h i p
. .

A no th e r w as M r B a yne a t t h at t i m e h ead m a s t e r
.
,
-

o f W a rr i ng t o n G r a mm a r S ch o o l w h o u s e d o cca ,

s io nall
y t o assi s t i n t h e s e r v i ce s at D a r e sb u r
y .

’
H i s s o n V e r e w as C h a rl e s s p l a yfe ll o w ; h e i s
, ,

no w a s t u d e nt o f Chr i s t Ch u r ch a nd t h e fr i e nd ,

sh i p b e t w e en h i m and L ew i s C a rr o ll l a s t e d
 LE WI S C A RR OLL I 5

wi t hou t i nt e rr u p t i o n t i ll th e d ea t h of th e

l at t er .

Th e m e m o r y o f h i s b i r t hpl ace d i d no t s o o n
’
fad e fr o m C h a rl e s s m i nd ; l o ng aft e r w a rds h e
r e tai ne d pl eas an t re co ll e ct i o n s Of i t s r u s t i c b eau t y .

”
F o r i ns t a n ce h i s p o e m o f Th e T hr e e S u n s e t s
“
, ,

w h i ch fi rs t a pp e a re d in 1 8 60 in A ll th e Y ea r
R ou nd b eg i ns w i t h th e fo ll o w i ng s tan z a s w h i ch
, ,

h a ve b ee n sl i gh t l y a l t e re d in l a t e r e d i ti o ns

I wa t ch th e dro wsy night expire ,

A nd Fancy p ai nts at my d e sir e

H er m agi c pi ctur e s in th e fi r e .

An island farm mid s eas o f co rn

,
’
,

Sway e d by th e wand e ri ng br eath o f m o r n ,

Th e h appy sp o t wh e r e I was b o r n .

Th o u gh ne a rl y all M r D o dgs o n s p a r i sh i o n e rs
.
’

at D a r e sb u r y h a ve p a ss e d a w ay y e t t h e r e ar e
,

s t i ll s o m e fe w l e ft w h o Sp e a k w i t h l o v i ng r e ve r e nce
o f h i m w h o s e l i ps no w l o ng s i l e n ce d u s e d t o
, ,

sp e ak so k i ndl y to th e m ; w h o s e h a nds l o ng ,

fo ld e d in sl e e p w e r e o n ce s o r e a d y t o all e v iat e
,

t h e i r w a nt s an d s o rr o w s .

I n 1 8 4 3 S i r R o b e r t P e e l pre s e nte d h i m t o t h e
C ro w n l i v i ng o f C r o ft a Y o rksh i r e v i ll ag e a b o u t
,

th r e e m i l e s s o u t h o f Da rl i ng t o n Th i s pre fe r
.
16 TH E L IFE AN D L E TTE R S OF

m e nt m a d e a gr e a t ch a ng e in th e l i fe o f t h e
fa m i l y ; it Op e ne d fo r t h e m m any m o re s o cia l
Opp o r t u ni t i e s a nd ut a n e nd t o t h a t l i fe o f
p
,

s ecl u s i o n w h i ch h o w e ve r b e ne fi cia l it m ay b e fo r
,

a sh o r t t i m e i s apt i f co nt i nu e d to o l o n g t o h a v e
, , ,

a cr a mp i ng a nd na rr o w i ng i nfl u e nce .

Th e r i v e r T ee s i s at C r o ft th e d i v i d in g l i ne
b e tw e e n Y o rksh i r e an d D u rh a m and o n th e ,

m i ddl e o f th e br i dg e w h i ch t h e r e cr o ss e s it i s a
s t o n e w h i ch sh o w s w h e re th e o ne co u nt y e nds
a nd t h e o t h e r b e g i ns C e r tai n l an ds ar e h e ld
“
.

i n t h i s pl a ce s a ys L e w i s i n h i s T o p o gr a ph i ca l
,
” “

D i ct i o na r y ,
b y t h e o w ne r pr e s e nt i n g o n t h e
“

br i dg e a t th e co m i ng o f e v e r y ne w B i sh o p Of
,

D u rh a m an Old s w o rd pro n o u n ci ng a l e g e nd a r y
, ,

a ddr e ss and d el i v e r i ng t h e s w o rd t o th e B i sh o p
, ,

wh o r e t u r ns i t i m m e d iat e l y Th e T e e s i s s u bj e ct
.

t o e x t r a o rd ina r y fl o o ds an d t h o u gh Cr o ft Ch u r ch
,

s t ands m any fe e t a b o ve t h e o rd i na r y l ev e l o f t h e
r i v e r and i s s e p ar at e d fr o m it b y th e ch u r ch ya rd
,

a nd a fi e ld ye t o n o ne o cca s i o n t h e ch u r ch i t s e l f
,

w a s fl o o d ed a s w as at t e s t e d b y w a t e r m a rks o n
,
-

th e Old w o o d w o rk s e v e r a l fe e t fr o m t h e flo o r s t i ll ,

t o b e s e e n w h e n M r D o dgs o n w as i ncu mb e n t
. .

Th i s Ch u r ch w h i ch i s d e d i cat e d t o S t P e t e r
, .
,

i s a q u ai nt o ld b u i ld in g w i t h a N o rm a n p o r ch ,
 L E WI S CA RR OLL 1 7

th e
-

r e s t o f i t b e in g o f m o r e mo d e r n co n s t r u ct i o n .

I t co nt a i ns a r a i s e d p e w w h i ch i s appr o a ch e d b y
,

a w i n d i ng fl i gh t o f s t a i rs and i s co v e re d in so
, ,

t h at it r e s e mbl e s n o t h i ng so m u ch a s a fo u r p o s t -

b e ds t ead Th i s p e w u s e d to b el o n g t o th e
'

M i lb ank e fam i l y w i t h w h i ch L o rd B yr o n w as
,

co nne cte d M r .D o dgs o n fo u nd th e ch ance l r o o f

.
-

in s o b ad a s t a t e o f r e p ai r t h at h e w as o bl i g e d t o
t ak e it d o w n a nd r e pl ace it b y a n e n t i r el y ne w
,

o ne . Th e o nl y v i ll ag e s ch o o l t h at e x i s t e d w h e n
h e ca m e t o t h e pl a ce w as a s o r t o f b a r n w h i ch ,

s t o od in a co r ne r O f th e ch u rch ya rd D u r i ng h i s .

incu m b e ncy a fi ne s ch o o l h o u s e w as e r e ct e d
- -
.

S e v e ra l m e mb e rs Of h i s fam i l y u s e d r eg u l a rl y t o
h e l p in t e ach in g th e ch i ldr e n a nd e x cell e nt r e p o r t s
,

w e r e o b t a i ne d .

Th e R e ct o r y i s cl o s e to t h e ch u r ch a nd s ta nds ,

in th e m i ddl e o f a b ea u t i fu l g ar d e n Th e fo rm e r
.

i ncu mb e n t h a d b e e n an e nt h u s i as t i c h o r t i cu l t u r i s t ,

a nd t h e w all s o f t h e k i t ch e n g a rd e n w e r e co v e r e d

w i t h l u x u r i a nt fr u i t t r ee s w h i l e th e gr ee nh o u s e s
-
,

w e r e w e ll s t o ck e d w i t h ra r e a nd b e au t i fu l e x o t i cs .

A m o ng t h e s e w as a sp e ci m e n o f t h at fant a s t i c
ca ct u s t h e ni gh t bl o w in g C e r e u s w h o s e fl o w e rs
,
-
, ,

a ft e r an e x i s t e nce o f b u t a fe w h o u rs fa d e w i t h ,

t h e w a ni ng s u n On t h e d ay w h e n t h i s o ccu rr e d
.
 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

in th e R ect o ry ga rd e n t h e r A t e ach Of
to a no .

t h e s e s tat i o n s t h e r e was a r e fr e sh m e n t r o o m and -

,

t h e p a ss e ng e rs h ad to p u r ch as e t i ck e t s fr o m h i m

b e fo re th ey co u ld e nj o y t h e i r r i d e Th e b o y w as .

a ls o a cl e v e r co nj u r o r and a rraye d i n a br o w n
, ,

w ig a nd a l o ng W h i te r o b e u s e d t o ca u s e no l i t t l e
,

TOY S TA T IO N IN G AR D E N AT C RO FT .

w o nd e r t o h i s a u d i e n ce by h i s sl e i gh t o f h a nd - -
.

W i th t h e assistance Of va r io u s m e mb e rs o f t h e
’ ‘

fa m i l y and t h e v i ll ag e ca rp e nt e r h e m a d e a ,

t r o u p e o f m a r i o ne t t e s a nd a s m all t h ea t r e fo r
t h e m t o act in H e w r o t e all t h e pl ays h i ms e lf
.

t h e m o s t po o u la r b e i ng Th e T r a g e d y o f K i ng
“
 LE WI S CA RR OLL 21

J o h n — a nd h e w as v e r y cl e v e r at m a ni p u l at i ng
th e i nnu m e r a bl e s t r i ngs b y w h i ch th e m o v e m e nt s

of his p u pp e t s w e r e r e g u l a t e d O ne w i n t e r .
,

w h e n t h e s no w lay t h i ck u p o n t h e la w n h e ,

t ra ce d u p o n i t a m az e Of s u ch h o p e l e ss i nt r i ca cy
a s al m o s t to pu t its fa m o u s r i val at H amp t o n .

C o u r t in t h e sh ad e .

W h e n h e w as t w e l ve ye a rs Old h i s fat h e r s e n t
h i m t o s ch o o l at R i ch m o nd u nd e r M r T at e a , .
,

w o r t h y s o n o f t h a t W e ll k n o w n D r T at e w h o h a d
-
.

m a d e R i ch m o nd SclI OOI so fa m o u s .

I a m abl e t o g i v e h i s ea rl i e s t i mpr e ss i o n s o f
s ch o o l l i fe in h i s o w n w o rds fo r o ne o f h i s fi rs t
-
,

l e t te rs h o m e h a s b e e n fo r t u nat e l y pr e s e r v e d I t .

i s d a t e d A u g u s t sth an d i s a ddr e ss e d t o h i s tw o
,

e ld e s t s i s t er s A b o y w h o h a s ten br o t h e rs and
.

s i s t e rs can s ca r ce l y b e e xp e ct e d t o w r i te s e p a ra t e
l e t t e rs t o e a ch o f t h e m .

MY DA E FA NNY A N D M E MY —I h o p e you a e all g etti ng

R , r

o n well ,
as als o th e s weet twi ns th e b o ys I thi nk th at I
,

lik e th e be st ar e H arry A u st in and all th e Tat e s o f whi ch

, ,

th e re a e 7 b esid es a littl e gir l wh o cam e d o w n to di nner

r

th e first d ay but no t si nce and I als o lik e E dmu nd Tr em le t

, , ,

and Willi am and E d ward Swir e Tr e m le t is a Sh arp littl e

,

fell ow ab o ut 7 y ears Old th e yo u ng e st in th e s ch o o l I als o

, ,

lik e K emp and Mawley Th e rest o f th e b o ys th at I k now

H arr y and D i ck Wils o n and two R o bi ns o ns I
.

ar e B ertram , , ,

will t ell yo u all ab o u t th e m w h en I r e t u r n Th e b o ys h ave .

22 THE L IFE AN D L E TTE R S OF

play ed two tri cks up o n m e whi ch we re th es e— th e y first p o r

p o s ed to pl ay at K i ng o f th e C o bbl ers and ask ed if I

“ ”

w o uld b e ki ng t o whi ch I agr e e d , Th en th ey m ad e m e sit .

d o wn and sat (o n th e gro u nd ) in a circl e r o u nd m e and t o ld ,

m e to say GO to wo rk whi ch I s aid and th e y imm e di at ely

”
,

b egan ki cki ng m e and k no ck ing m e o n all sid e s Th e next .

gam e th ey pro p o s ed was P et er th e ed li o n and th ey m ad e

“
,
r ,
”

a m ark o n a t o mbst o ne (fo w e w e r e pl ayi ng in th e ch u r ch

r

y ard ) and o ne o f th e b o ys walk ed with h is e y e s Shut h o ldi ng ,

o u t h is fi ng e r tryi ng to t o u ch th e m ark ; th e n a littl e bo y

,

cam e fo r ward to l ead th e r e st and le d a g o o d m any v ery

near th e m ark ; at l ast it was my tur n th ey t o ld m e to sh u t

my eye s well and th e next mi nut e I h ad my fi ng e r in th e
,

m o uth o f o ne o f th e b o ys wh o h ad st o o d (I b eli ev e) b efo r e

,

th e t o mbst o ne with his m o uth o p e n F o r 2 nights I sl ept .

al o ne and fo r t h e r e st o f th e tim e with N e d Swir e

,
Th e b o ys .

pl ay m e no tricks now Th e o nly fau lt (t ell Mam a) th at.

th er e h as b ee n was co mi ng in o ne day to di nner j ust aft e r

grace On Su nd ay we went to church in th e m o r ni ng and
.
,

sat in a l arg e p e w w ith M r Fi eldi ng th e chur ch w e w ent t o .

,

is cl o s e by M Tat e s h o us e wé did no t go in th e aft er no o n

’
r. ,

but Mr Tat e read a dis co urs e to th e b o ys o n th e 5 1h co m

.

m andm ent We went to church agai n in th e ev eni ng P ap a

. .

wish e d m e to t ell h im all th e t exts I h ad h eard pr each e d u p o n ,

pl eas e to t ell him th at I co uld not h ear it in th e m o rni ng nor

h ardly o ne s ent ence o f th e s erm o n but th e o ne in th e eveni ng ,

was 1 C o r i 3. I b e l.ie v
2 e it was a far e w ell s e rm o n b u t I am
.
,

no t sur e Mr s T at e h as l o o k e d thr o ugh m y cl o th e s and l e ft

. .

in th e tru nk a gr eat m any th at will no t b e want e d I h ave .

h ad 3 m isfo rt u ne s in m y cl o th e s etc 1 I canno t fi nd my .

t oo th brush so th at I h ave no t brush ed my t eeth fo r 3 or 4

-
,

d ays 2 I canno t fi nd my bl o tti ng pap er and g I have no

,
Ml
, ,
rd

sh o e h o rn Th e chi e f gam e s ar e fo o tball wrestli ng l eap fro g

-
. , , , ,

and fighti ng E x cus e bad w riti ng

Y affec br o th er C H A R L ES
. .

' t
.
 L E WI S CA R R OLL .
3

TO SK E F F [
a y ou nger br oth er , ged six ]
a .

MY DEA R SK E F F ,
r
R oa no t l est th o u be a b o lish ed .

Y o rs u , etc .
,

Th e d i s co mfo r t s w h i ch h e a s a ne w b o y , ,

h ad to pu t u p w i t h fr o m h i s s ch o o l m a t e s a ffe ct e d -

h i m a s t h e y do no t u nfo r t u na t e l y a ffe ct m o s t
, ,

b o ys fo r in l a t e r s ch o o l d ays h e w as fa m o u s a s
,

a ch a mp i o n Of th e w e a k and sm all w h i l e e v e r y ,

b u ll y h ad g o o d r ea s o n t o fea r h i m Th o u gh it .

i s h a rd fo r t h o s e w h o h a v e o nl y k no w n h i m a s
t h e g e nt l e a nd r e t i r i ng d o n t o b e l i e v e i t it i s ,

n e ve r t h el e ss t r u e t h at l o ng a ft e r h e l e ft s ch o o l
h i s na m e w as r e m e mb e r e d as t h a t o f a b o y wh o
k ne w w e ll h o w to u s e h i s fi s t s in d e fe nce o f a
r i gh t eo u s cau s e .

A s w as t h e cu s to m at t h a t t i m e Ch arl e s b eg a n ,

t o co mp o s e L a t i n v e rs e s a t a v e r y e a rl y age h i s ,

fi rs t co p y b e i ng d a t e d N o v e mb e r 2 5 1 8 4 4 , .

Th e s u bj e ct w as e v e ni ng a nd t h i s i s h o w h e
,

t r eat e d it

Phoebus aqu a Sple nd et d es cend ens aeq u or a ti ng ens ,

Spl end o r e aurat o P er venit umbra s o l o

. .

Mo rt al e s lecto s q u aer u nt e t m e mbra r el ax ant

, .

F e ss a l ab o re di e s cu ncta p er o rb e Sil e t .

I mp erium p lacid u m nu nc su m it Ph oeb e co r u sca .

A nt is pr oced u nt s angui ne o r e fer ae

r .
 THE L IF E AN D L E TTE R S OF

Th e s e l i ne s t h e b o y s o l e m nl y C o p i e d i nt o h i s
D ia ry a ppa re nt l y i n t h e m o s t bl i ssfu l i g n o rance
,

o f t h e n u m e ro u s m i s t a k e s t h e co nt a in e d
y .

Th e n e x t ye a r h e w r o t e a s t o ry w h i ch a p pe a r e d
in t h e s ch o o l m aga z i ne I t w as ca ll e d
. Th e “

U nk no w n O ne so i t w as pr o b a bl y O f t h e s e ns a
,

tio nal t yp e in w h i ch s m a ll bo ys u s u a ll y r e v e l .

T h o u gh R i ch m o nd S ch oo l a s i t w as i n 1 8 4 4
, ,

m ay no t co mpa r e fa v o u r a bl y i n e v e r y r e sp e ct
w i t h a m o d e r n pr e p a ra t o ry s ch o o l w h e r e s u p e r
,

v i s i o n h a s be e n s o fa r r e d u ce d t o th e a bs u rd
“

t h at th e u nfo r t u nat e m as t e rs h a rdl y ge t a m i nu t e

t o t h e ms e l v e s fro m s u n r i s e t i ll l o ng a ft e r s u n s e t ,

e t n o b et ter o r w i s e r m e n t h an t h o s e Of t h e
y
s ch o o l O f M r T a t e ar e no w t o b e fo u n d N o r
. .
,

I v e nt u r e t o t h i nk ar e t h e r e s u l ts Of t h e m o d e r n
,

s ys t e m m o re s u cce ssfu l t h an t h o s e o f t h e Old o ne .

”
Ch arl e s l o v e d h is k i nd Old s ch o o l m a s t e r a s h e
“
,

a ffe c t i o nat e l y cal ls h i m and s u r e l y t o ga i n t h e

,

l o v e Of th e b o ys i s t h e m a i n b a t t l e in s ch o o l
m anag e m e nt .

Th e i mpre ss i o n h e m ad e u p o n h i s i ns t ru c t o rs
m ay b e g at h e r e d fro m t h e fo ll o w i ng e x t ra ct s fr o m
’
M r T a t e s firs t r e p o r t u p o n h i m
.

Su fii cient ppo rtu nitie s having been all o wed m e to dr aw

o

fro m actu al o bse rvatio n an e stima te o f y o u r s o n s char act e r

’
 L E WI S CA RR OLL 25

and a biliti e s I d o no t h esit at e t o e xpre ss m y o pi ni o n th at h e

,

po ss ess es al o ng with o th e r and ex cell ent natural end o wm ents

, ,

a ve ry u nco m m o n sh ar e o f g e nius G entl e and ch eerfu l in his

.

i nt er co u rs e with o th ers pl ayful and ready in co nve rs ati o n h e

, ,

is cap abl e o f acq u ire m ents and k no wl edge far b ey o nd h is

years whil e his r eas o n is so cl ear and so j eal o us o f err o r th at
, ,

h e will not r e st s atisfi e d with o ut a m o st e x act s oluti o n o f wh at

e v e r app ears t o him Obs cu r e H e h as p ass ed an e x cell ent
.

ex ami nati o n j u st no w in m ath e m ati cs e xhibiti ng at tim e s an

,

illustrati o n o f th at l ove o f precis e arg u m ent whi ch s ee ms to ,

h im nat u ral .

I m u st no t o mit to set o ff agai nst th e s e gr eat advant ag e s

o ne o r t wo faults o f whi ch th e r em o v al as s o o n as p o ssibl e
,

is d esirabl e th o I am prepared to fi nd it a wo rk o f tim e

,
’
.

A s yo u ar e well awar e o u r yo u ng fri end Whil e j eal o u s o f

, ,

e rr o r as I s aid ab ove wh er e i mp o rt ant faith o r pri ncipl e s ar e

, ,

co ncer ned is ex ce edi ngl y l eni e nt t o wards l ess er fr ailti e s — and

, ,

wh eth e r in r eadi ng al o ud o r m e tri cal co mp o siti o n fr e q u entl y ,

s ets at nought th e no ti ons o f Virgil o r Ovid as to s yll abi c

q u antit y H e is m o reo ver m arvell o usly ingeniou s in r epl aci ng
.

th e o rdi nary infl e io ns o f no u ns and v e rbs as d e tail e d in o u r

x ,

gramm ars b y m o re exact anal o gi es o r co nv eni ent fo rms o f his

, ,

o wn d evisi ng This s ou rce of fault will in d u e tim e e xhau st

.

its elf th o u gh fl o wi ng freel y at pre s ent

,
Y o u m ay fairl y
.

anti cipat e fo r h im a bright caree r A ll o w m e b e fo r e I cl o s e

.
, ,

o ne sugg e sti o n whi ch assum es fo r its elf th e w isd o m o f exper i

ence and th e si nce rity o f th e b est i nt e nti o n Y o u m u st no t .

e ntr u st y o u r so n w ith a fu ll k no wl e dg e O f his sup e ri o rit y o v e r

o th e r b o ys L et h im dis co v e r this as h e pr o ceeds

. Th e l o ve .

o f ex cell ence is far b ey o nd th e l o ve o f ex celli ng ; and if h e

sh ou ld o nce b e b ewit ch ed i nt o a m ere ambiti o n to s u rp ass

o th e rs I need no t u rg e th at th e ve r y q u ality o f his k no wl e dg e

wo uld b e m at eri ally i nj u r ed and th at his ch ar act er wo uld

,

receive a stai n o f a m o re s eri ou s d es cripti o n still .

26 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE R S OF L E M/I S CA RR OLL

A nd ga i n w h e n Ch a rl e s w as l eav i ng R i ch
a ,

m o nd h e w r o t e
,
B e a ss u r e d t h a t I sh all a l w ays
fe e l a p ecu l i a r i nte r e s t i n t h e g e nt l e i nt e ll i g e nt ,

a nd w e ll co nd u ct e d b o y w h o i s no w l e av i ng u s
- .

A l t h o u gh h is fath e r h ad b ee n a W e s t m i ns t e r
b o y Ch a rl e s w as fo r s o m e r e a s o n o r o t h e r s e n t
, , ,

t o R u gb y Th e gr e a t A r no ld w h o h ad o ne
.
, ,

m i gh t al m o s t s ay cre ate d R u gb y S ch o o l a nd
, ,

w h o ce r t a i nl y h a d d o n e m o r e fo r it t h a n a ll h i s
pr e d e ce ss o rs pu t t o g e t h e r h a d g o ne t o h i s r e s t
, ,

a nd fo r fo u r ye a rs t h e r e i ns o f g o v e r nm e n t h a d

b e e n in th e fi rm h an ds o f D r T ai t a ft e r w a rds .
,

A r chb i sh o p o f C ant e rb u ry H e w as H e ad .

m as t e r d u r i ng t h e w h o l e o f t h e t i m e Ch a rl e s w as
at R u gb y e x ce p t th e l as t ye a r d u r i ng w h i ch
, ,

D r G o u l b u r n h e l d th at o ffi ce Ch a rl e s w e nt u p
. .

in F e br u a r y 1 8 4 6 and h e m u s t h a v e fo u nd h i s
, ,

ne w l i fe a gr e a t ch an g e fr o m h i s q u i e t e xp e r i e nce s

a t R i ch m o nd F o o t b all w as in fu ll s w i ng a nd
.
,

o ne ca n i m a g i ne t h a t t o a ne w b o y B ig si de -

w as no t an u na ll o ye d d el i gh t W h e t h er h e d i s .

’
t ingu ish e d h i ms e l f a s a dr o pp e r o r e v e r b e a t
“
,

th e r e co rd t i m e i n th e C r i ck r u n I d o no t
“
,

k no w P r o b a bl y no t ; h i s a b i l i ti e s d i d no t lie m u ch
.

in th e fi e l d o f at hl e t i cs B u t h e go t o n ca p i ta ll y
.

w i t h h i s w o rk a nd s eld o m r e t u r n e d h o m e w i t h o u t
,
28 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE R S OF

o ne or m o re pr i z e s M o r eo v e r h e co ndu ct e d
.
,

h i ms el f s o w e ll t h at h e ne v e r h ad to e n t e r t h a t
dr ea d e d ch a mb e r w e ll k no w n to som e R u gb e i ans
, ,

w h i ch i s a ppr o a ch e d b y a s tai r ca s e t h a t w i nds u p

a l i t t l e t u rr e t an d w h e r e i n ar e e nact e d s ce n e s
,

b e t t e r i m ag i ne d t h an d e s cr i b ed .

’
A s ch o o l b o y s l e t t e r h o m e i s no t u s u a ll y , ,

r e m a rk a bl e fo r t h e i nt ell i g e nce d i spl aye d in it ;

a s a r u l e i t m e r e l y l eads u p w i t h m o r e o r l e ss
in g e nu i t y t o th e i ne v i ta bl e r e q u e s t fo r m o n ey
co ntai ne d in t h e p o s t s cr i p t S o m e o f Ch a rl e s s ’
.

l e t t e rs w e r e o f a d i ffe r e nt s o r t a s th e fo ll o w in g ,

e x a mpl e sh o w s

Y st rd
e e i g I was walki ng o u t with a fri end o f mi ne
ay eve n n

wh o att ends as m ath emati cal p upil M Sm yth ies th e s eco nd

,

r .

m ath em ati cal m ast er we went up to Mr Sm yth ies h ou s e as .

’
,

h e want ed to sp eak to h im and h e ask e d us to st o p and h av e

,

a gl ass o f wi ne and s o m e figs H e s ee m s as d evo t ed t o h is

.

duty as Mr Mayo r and ask ed m e with a smil e of d elight

Well D o dgs o n I supp o s e yo u r e g etti ng w ell o n w ith yo u r
.
, ,
’

m ath em atics ? H e is ver y cl eve r at th em th ou gh no t equ al

”
,

to M r May o r as ind ee d few m en a e P ap a e x ce pt e d r

I h av e r ead th e first numb e r o f D i ck ens new t al e Davy

.
.
, ,
’ “
,

C o pp erfi eld . I t purp o rts to b e h is life and b egi ns with his

”
,

birth and childh o o d ; it s ee ms a po o r pl o t but s o m e o f th e ,

ch aract e rs and s cene s ar e g o o d One o f th e p e rs ons th at

.

am u s e d m e was a Mr s Gummidg e a w r e t ch e d m el anch o l y

.
,

p ers o n wh o is al ways cryi ng h app en wh at will and wh eneve r

, , ,

th e fi r e sm o k e s o r o th er trifli ng accid e nt o ccurs m ak e s th e

, ,

r e m ark w ith g r eat bitt ern e ss , and many t ears t h at sh e is a ,

 LE WI S CA RR O LL 29
l

l o ne l o rn c ee tU r and ev e rythi ng go es co nt air y with h er

r , r .

I h av e no t ye t b een abl e to get th e s eco nd v o lum e Macau

l ay s E ngl and to r ead I h av e s een it h o wev e r and o ne
’ “ ”
.

p ass age stru ck m e wh en s even bish o ps h ad sig ned th e invita

ti on to th e pr et ende r and K i ng J am e s s ent for B ish op
,

C o mpt o n (wh o was o ne o f th e s ev en) and ask e d h im wh eth er “

h e o r any o f h is eccl e si asti cal br e thr en h ad anythi ng to d o

with it ? H e r epli ed aft e r a m o m ent s th ou ght I am fully
” ’ “
,

p ers u ad e d yo u r m aj e sty th at th er e is no t o ne o f my bre thr en

,

wh o is no t as i nnocent in th e m att e r as mys elf This was ”

.

ce rt ainly no actu al lie but ce rt ai nl y as M aca ul ay s ays it was

, , ,

ve ry littl e diffe r ent fr o m o ne .

Th e M r M ayo r w h o i s . m e nt i o ne d in t h i s l e t t e r
’
fo rm e d a v e r y h i gh o p i ni o n o f h i s p u p i l s ab i l i t y ,

fo r in 1 8 4 8 h e w r o t e t o A r chd e a co n D o dgs o n
“

“
I h a v e no t h a d a m o r e pro m i s i ng b o y at h i s
age s i nce I ca m e to R u gb y .

D r T a i t sp e a ks no l e ss w a rml y
.

MY DE A R SI R —I must no t all ow y o u r o n to l eav e s h o o l

,
s c

with o u t expr e ssi ng to yo u th e ve ry high o pi ni o n I ent e rt ai n o f

I fully co i ncid e in M C o tt o n s e stim at e b o th o f his
’
h im . r.

abiliti es and upright co ndu ct His m ath em ati cal k nowl edg e .

is gr eat fo his age and I d ou bt no t h e will d o hims elf cr edit

r ,

in l assi cs
c A s I b eli ev e I m e nti o ne d to you b e fo r e his
e x ami nati o n fo th e D i vi nity priz e was o ne o f th e m o st cr edit
.
,

abl e e xhibiti o ns I h av ev r s een e e

D uri ng th e whol e tim e o f his b eing in my hou s e his condu ct

.

h as b een ex ell ent c .

B eli ev e m e to b e My d ear Si , r,

Yo urs ve ry faithfully
A C TA I T
,

. . .
30 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

P u bl i c s ch o o l l i fe t h e n w as no t w h at it i s no w
t h e a t r o ci o u s s s t e m t h e n in v o g u e o f s e t t i ng
y
h u ndr e ds o f l i ne s fo r th e m o s t t r i fl i ng o ffe nce s
m ad e e ve r y day a w e a r i ne ss a nd a h o p e l e ss w as t e
o f t i m e w h i l e t h e b ad d i s ci pl i ne w h i ch w as m a i n
,

r a i ne d i n t h e d o rm i t o r i e s m a d e e v e n t h e ni gh t s

i t o l e r bl e e sp e ci all y fo r th e sm all b o ys w h o s e
n a —
,

b e ds in W i nt e r w e r e d e nu d e d o f bl ank e t s t h a t th e
b i gg e r o ne s m i gh t no t fee l co ld .

Ch arl e s k e p t no d i a r y d u r i ng h i s t i m e a t
R u gb y ; b u t l o o k i ng b a ck u p o n i t h e w r i t e s in
, ,

1 855 :

D uri g my st ay I m ad e I supp o s e s o m e pr ogre ss in l earni ng

n

o f vari ou s ki nds but no ne o f it was d o ne con a w ar e and I

, ,

sp ent an i ncal cul abl e tim e in writi ng o u t imp o siti o ns this l ast —

I co nsid e r o ne o f th e chi e f faults o f R ugby Sch o o l I m ad e .

s o m e fri ends th ere th e m o st intim at e b ei ng H enry L eigh

,

B e nne tt (as co ll eg e acqu ai nt ance s we fi nd fe w er co m m o n

sympathi e s and a e co ns equ ently l e ss i ntim at e ) but I canno t
,
r .
—

say th at I l o o k b ack u p o n my life at a Publi c Sch o o l with any

s ens ati o ns o f pl easure o r th at any earthly co nsid erati o ns wo uld

,

i ndu ce m e to go thro ugh my thr ee y ears agai n .

Wh e n s o m e ye ars a ft e r w a rds
,
i s i t e d R adl e y
,
he v

S ch o o l h e w as m u ch s t r u ck b y t h e cu b i cl e s ys t e m
,

w h i ch pr e va i ls in t h e d o rm i t o r i e s t h e r e a nd w r o t e ,

in h i s Di ar y I can say t h a t i f I h ad b e e n t h u s
,
“

s e cu r e fr o m ann o yance at ni gh t t h e h ardsh i p s o f ,

 L E WI S CA RR O LL 31

th e d a i l y l i fe w o u ld h av e b ee n co mp a ra t i v e t r i fle s
to b e ar .

Th e p i c t u r e o n p ag e 3 2 w a s I b e l i e v e dra w n , ,

b y Ch a rl e s w h i l e h e w as a t R u gb y in i ll u s
t r a t io n o f a l e t t e r r e ce i v e d fr o m o ne o f h i s s i s t e rs .

H alnab y a s I h a v e s a i d b e fo r e w as a n o u t l yi ng
, ,

d i s t r i ct o f C ro ft p ar i sh .

D u r i ng h i s h o l i d ays h e u s e d to a m u s e h i ms e lf
b y e d i t i ng l o cal m ag a z i ne s I nd e e d t h e y m i gh t
.
,

b e call e d ver y local m ag a z i ne s a s t h e i r ci r cu l a t i o n ,

w as co nfi ne d t o t h e i nm a t e s o f C r o ft R e ct o r y .

Th e fir s t o f t h e s e U sef ul a nd [fi sh a ct ive P oet r y

,
/
,

w as w r i t t e n a b o u t 1 8 4 5 I t ca m e to an u n t i m e l y
.

’
e nd a ft e r a s i x m o nt hs r u n a nd w a s fo ll o w e d a t ,

v a r i ng
y i n t e r va l s b y s e v e r al o t h e r p e r i o d i ca ls ,

q
e ua y ll sh o t l i ve d
r — .

I n 1 8 4 9 o r 1 8 5 0 Té e R eelor y U m br ella b eg a n
,

t o app e a r . A s th e e d i t o r w as b y t h i s t i m e
s e v e nt e e n o r e i gh t e e n ye ars o ld it w as na t u rall y ,

o f a m o r e a mb i t i o u s ch a r act e r t h a n a n f i t s '

y o

pr e cu rs o rs I t co nta i ne d a s e r i al s to r y o f th e m o s t
.

t hr i ll i ng i nt e r es t e nt i t l e d Th e W al k i ng S t i ck o f
, ,
“
-

D e s t i ny s o m e m e r i t o r i o u s p o e t r y a fe w h u m o ro u s
, ,

e ss a s and s ev e r al ca r i ca t u r e s o f p i ct u r e s in t h e
y ,

V e rno n G all e r y . Th re e r e pr o d u ct i o ns o f th e s e
p i ct u r e s fo ll o w w i t h e x t ract s fr o m th e U m é r e/
, la
d es cr i p t i v e o f t h e m .
 TH E L I FE AN D LE TTE R S OF L E WI S CA RR O LL 33

TH E VE R N O N GA L L E R Y .

As r ead e rs will have s een by th e precedi ng page we

ou r ,

h ave co mm enced engraving th e ab ove s eri e s o f pi ct u res Th e .

A ge o f I nnocence by Si J R ey no lds repres enti ng a yo u ng

,
”
r .
,

Hipp o p o tamus s eat e d u nd er a sh ady tr ee pre s ents to th e co n ,

te m plative mi nd a ch armi ng u ni o n o f yo u th and i nno cence

E D I TOR
.

u, I XM L ”M ? !

Th e Sca nty Mea l .

”

We h ave b een u nusu ally s u cce ssfu l in o u r s eco nd engr av ing

I

fro m th e Verno n Gall e ry . Th e pi ct u r e is i nt end ed ,

as ou r

r
P e h ap s an inco rr t
ec r si
ex p e s o n, as it w as on ly th e s eco nd attem
pt .

4
36 THE L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

p aid m e th e m o ney aft e rwards was I say did n t you j u st

, ,
’

h o wl j o lly Th e engr aving is an e x cell ent co py o f th e

pi ctu r e.

Th e b e s t t h i ng i n th e R ector y U m br ella w as a

p ar o d y o n L o rd M acau l ay s s t yl e in th e L ays o f
’
“

A nci e nt R o m e Ch arl e s h ad a sp e ci al ap t i t u d e
fo r p a r o d y as i s e v i d e nce d b y s e v e r al o f t h e
,

b e s t k no w n v e rs e s i n h i s l a t e r b oo ks
-
.
 L E WI S CA RR O LL 37

L A Y S OF SO R R OW .

No . 2.

Fair st ands i t R e ct o ry
th e anc en I
,

Th e R ect o r y o f Cr o ft ,

Th e su n shi ne s bright u p o n it ,

Th e br eez e s whisp e r s o ft .

Fr o m all th e h o us e and gard en

I ts i nh abit ants co m e fo rth

A nd must e r in th e r oad with ou t ,

A nd pace in t wo s and thr ee s ab o ut ,

Th e childr en o f th e N o rth .

So m e ar e waiti ng in th e gard en ,

So m e a e waiti ng at th e d o o r
r ,

A nd s o m e a e fo ll o wi ng b e hi nd
r ,

A nd s o m e h av e g o ne b e fo re .

B u t wh e r efo r e all this m u st eri ng ?

Wh e r e fo r e this v ast array ?
A g all ant feat o f h o rs e m anship
Will b e p erfo rm ed to day -
.

To stward and to westward

ea ,

Th e cr owd divid e s am ai n ,

Two y o uths ar e l eadi ng o n th e st eed ,

B o th tuggi ng at th e r ei n

T i hs R ecto ry
s t hv h as b een s u ppo ed

b n b il t in th
o a e

tim f E dw rd VI b t
r nt d is v ri s l rl y ssign it rigin t
ee u e e o a .
, u

r l i r p ri d A st n h b n
ece co e e c ea a s o o

m h
f nd in n isl nd f rm d by th riv r T s
a uc ea e e o . o e as ee

l tt r A whi h
ou a a o e e e ee

n whi h i ins rib d th

“ ”

i j stl y
o c s c e e e e , c

nj t r d t st nd f th n m f
gr t K ing A lfr d in wh s
s u co ec u e o a or e a e o

th r ign this
h s wa pr b b l y b il t
e ea e , o e e

ou e s o a u .
 THE L I FE AN D L ETTE R S OF

A nd s o r ely d o th ey l ab o ur ,

F o r th e st ee d is v ery str o ng
I
,

A nd b ackward m o v es its stubb o r n fe e t ,

A nd b ackward e v e r d o th r e tr eat ,

A nd dr ags its guid e s al o ng .

A nd now th e k night h ath m o u nt ed ,

B e fo r e th e admiri ng b and ,

H ath go t th e stirrups o n h is fee t ,

Th e bridl e in his h and .

Y et o h ! b ew ar e sir h o rs e m an !
, ,

A nd t e mpt thy fat e no m o r e ,

F o r su ch a st eed as th o u h ast go t ,

Was neve r id b efo re ! r

Th e rabbits 2
bow b e fo r e th ee ,

r in A nd co we th e str aw

Th e chi ck e ns 3 ar e submissiv e ,

A nd o wn th y will fo r law
B u llfi nch e s and canary
Thy biddi ng d o o b ey
A nd e en th e t o rt o is e in its sh ell
’

D o th never say th ee nay .

But thy st eed will h ear no m ast e r ,

Thy st eed will b ear no sti ck ,

A nd woe to th o s e th at b eat h e r,

A nd wo e to th o s e th at ki ck 4

Th e p t ntr t p rd n f h ving r pr s nt ed a don ky u nd e r this

fi
oe e ea s a o or a e e e e

d igni ed nam e .

With rfr hs r em a rk ab e l anim a ls “

Moans fr om th e
l
2
e e e nce to t e e see

Miserab ”

f ll
e,
p age 12.

A t
st ry nd m isf rt n s f th s int r sting
of th e h i
r t r s m y b f nd in th fi rst L y f S rr w p g 3 6
3 u accou n o a o u e o e e e e
”

sing l r f t th t d nk y m k s p int f r t rning ny ki k s

c ea u e a e ou e a o o o , a e .

4Iti s a u a ac a a o e a e a o o e u a c

off r d t it
e e o .
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 39

F or th o ugh h er rid er smit e h er ,

A s h ard as h e can hit ,

A nd striv e to tur n h er fr o m th e yard ,

Sh e st ands in sil ence pulli ng h ard ,

A g ai nst th e pulli ng b it .

A nd no w th e ro ad to D alt on
H ath felt th eir co mi ng tread ,

Th e cr o wd a e sp eed r

ing o n b e fo r e ,

A nd all h av e g o ne
ah e ad .

Y et o ft en l o o k th e y
b ack ward ,

A nd ch ee r h im o n and b awl , ,

F o sl o we r still and still m o r e sl ow

r , ,

Th at h o rs em an and th at charg er go ,

A nd s car ce advance at all .

r oads to ch oo s e fr o m
A nd now two
A r e in th at rid e r s sight
’

I n fr ont th e r o ad to D alt on ,

A nd N ew Cr o ft u p on th e right .

I can t get by ! h e b ell o ws

’ ”
,

I r eally am not abl e !

Th o ugh I pull my sh o u ld e r o u t o f
j o i nt ,

I canno t ge t him p ast this p o i nt ,

F o it l eads u nt o his st abl e !

r

Th sp ak e U lfr id L o ngb ow
en o u t ,
x

A v ali ant y o uth was h e ,

L o ! I will st and o n thy right h and

A nd gu ard th e p ass fo r th ee

Thi v l i nt k igh t b sid s h ving h rt f s t l a nd rv s

b n l t ly in th h b it f rrying bri k in h i
s a a n , e e a a ea o ee ne e

ha s ee a e e a o ca a c s eye .
TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE R S OF

A nd sp ak e fair F lu ee a
ou t r z ,
‘

H is sist e r ek e was sh e ,

I will abid e o n thy o th e r sid e ,

A nd tur n th y st ee d fo r th ee l

A nd now m m enced a struggl e

co

B et ween th at st ee d and r id e r ,

F o r all th e str ength th at h e h ath

l eft
D o th no t su ffice to guid e h e r.

Th o ugh U lf id and his sist err

H av e ki ndly st o pp ed th e way ,

A nd all th e cr o wd h av e cri ed
al o ud ,

We can t wait h e re all d ay

’

R ou n d tur ned h e as no t d eig ni ng

Th e ir wo r ds to u nd erstand ,

Sh e w as i t r t b th
s s e o o .
 LE WI S CA RR OL L
'

41

But he slipp ed th e stirrups fro m h is fee t

Th e bridl e fr o m h is h and ,

A nd grasp e d th e mane fu ll lightly ,

A nd vault e d fr o m his s eat ,

A nd gai ned th e r oad in triumph ,

x

A nd st o o d up o n his feet .

A ll firmly till th at m o m ent

H ad U lfr id L o ngb o w st o o d ,

A nd faced th e fo e right v ali antly ,

A s ev e r y warri o r sh o uld .

B u t w h en s afe o n t e rra fi r m a
H is br o th e r h e did spy ,

Wh at did yo u d o th at fo ? h e cri ed r
”
,

Th en u nconcerned h e st e pp ed asid e
A nd let it cant e r by .

Th ey gave h im bread and butt er ,

2

Th at was o f publi c right ,

Th r d r will p r b b l y b l ss t d is v r th n t r f th is
g in d nd th d nk y w b i s l y th vi t r
e ea e t o a e a a o o co e e a u e o

tri m ph bj t w
s rry t y w n fi n g d pl n ti n
u ,n as o o ec as a e ,
a e o e as o v ou e c o

n th is p int h w v r w

l k l
o o , o e e , e ar e o o sa , e ca o er o oo ex a a o .

M hm r
2
b r i h h r d wh i h th “

R m n p pl w r f l ish
uc t t
o e acce t na t t en o n a n ue a co - a c e
p g
o a eo e t gi
e e so t th ir d ring h m pi n H r ti s
oo as o ve o e a c a o , o a u .
42 TH E L IFE AN D L ETTE R S OF L E WIS CA RR OL L
As m u ch as fo u r stro ng rabbits ,

C o uld mu nch fro m m om to night ,

F o h e d d o ne a d ee d o f d ari ng
’
r ,

A nd face d th at s avag e st eed ,

A nd th e r e fo r e cu ps o f co ffe e sw ee t ,

A nd ev e rythi ng th at was a tr eat ,

We re bu t his right and m ee d .

ft en in th e eve ni ngs
o ,

Wh en th e fi r e is bl azi ng b r ight ,

Wh en b o oks b e str ew th e t abl e

A nd m o ths o bs cu r e th e l ight ,

Wh en cryi ng childr en go to b ed ,

A struggli ng ki cki ng l o ad
,

We ll t alk o f U lfr id L o ngb o w s d eed

’
,

H o w in h is br o th e r s utm o s t need
’
.
, ,

B ack to h is aid h e fl ew with sp ee d ,

A nd h o w h e face d th e fi e ry st ee d ,

A nd k ept th e N ew Cr o ft R oad .
 C H APT E R I I

( 1 8 5 0 — 1 8 60 )

Matri cu lati on at Christ Chur ch D eath o f M r s D o dgs on— Th e

—

Great E xhibiti on— U niversity and C o ll ege H o nou rs — A

.

wo nd erful y ear— A th eatri cal tr eat — Misch Masch Th e - —

Tr a in— College R hymes— H is nom d e plu m e Do th eb o ys

H all A lfr ed T ennys o n Ordi nati on— Serm ons A visit
— — —

to F a r ingfo r d
r — Wh ere d o e s th e d ay b egi n
“
Th e -

Qu een visits Oxfo rd .

E h a v e t r a ced i n th e b o yh o o d o f L e w i s
C arr o ll th e b eg i nni ngs o f t h o s e ch ar
a cte r ist ic t r ai t s w h i ch a ft e r w a rds m o r e ,

fu ll y d e v e l o p e d g a v e h i m so d i s t i ngu i sh e d a
,

p o s i t i o n a m o ng h i s co nt e mp o r a r i e s We no w .

co m e t o a p e r i o d o f h i s l i fe w h i ch i s in s o m e
r e sp ect s n ece ss ar i l y l e ss i nt e r e s t in g We a ll h a v e
.

t o p a ss t h r o u gh t h a t p a i nfu l er a o f s e l f co n -

scio u s ne ss w h i ch pr e fa ce s m a nh o o d t h at t i m e ,

wh e n w e fe e l so d ee pl y and a r e s o u t t e rl y u na bl e
,

t o e xpr e ss t o o t h e rs o r e v e n t o d e fi ne cl e a rl t o
, y
o u rs e l v e s , w h at i t i s w e d o fe e l .Th e na tu r a l
45
46 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

fr ee d o m h i ldh o o d i s d ea d W i t h i n u s th e co n
of c

v e nt io nal fr e e d o m o f r i p e r ye a rs i s s t r u ggl i ng t o

b i r th and i t s e ffo r t s ar e s o m e t i m e s l u d i cr o u s to
,
-

I n L e w i s C a rr o l ls ’
an u ns ymp a t h e t i c o bs e r v e r .

m e nta l a t t i t u d e d u r i ng t h i s cr i t i cal p e r i o d t h e r e
w a s al w ays a ca l m d i g n i t y w h i ch s a v e d h i m fr o m
t h e s e abs u rd i t i e s an u nd e r cu rr e nt o f co ns ci o u s ne ss
,

t h at w h a t s e e m e d so gr e a t to h i m w as r e a ll y v e r y
l i t tl e .

O n May 2 3 1 8 5 0 h e m at r i cu l at e d a t Chr i s t
, ,

Ch u rch t h e v e ne rabl e co ll eg e w h i ch h a d nu m
,

’
b e r e d h i s fa t h e r s a m o ng o t h e r i l l u s t r i o u s na m e s .

A l e t t e r fr o m D r Je lf o ne o f th e can o n s o f Chr i s t
.
,

Ch u r ch t o A r chd e aco n D o dgs o n w r i tte n w h e n

, ,

’
th e fo rm e r h e a rd t h a t h i s o ld fr i e nd s s o n w as
”
co m i ng u
p t o t h e H ou se co ntai ns t h e fo ll o w in g
,

w o rds I am s u r e I e xpr e ss th e co mm o n fe e l i ng
o f a ll w h o r e m e mb e r yo u at C hr i s t Ch u r ch w h e n

I say t h at w e sh a ll r ej o i ce to s e e a so n o f yo u rs
w o r th y t o t r e a d i n yo u r fo o t s t e ps .

L e w i s C a rr o ll cam e i nto r e s i d e nce o n J a nu ary

24 , 1 85 1 F r o m t h a t d ay t o t h e h o u r o f h i s
.

d ea t h a p e r i o d o f fo r ty s e v e n ye ars — h e b el o ng e d
— -

”
th e H o u s e n e v e r l eav i ng it fo r any l e ng th
“
to ,

o f t i m e b e co m i ng al m o s t a p a r t o f it
, I fo r o ne .
, ,

can h a rdl i m ag i ne it w i t h o u t h i m
y .
 L E WI S CA RR O LL 47

Th o u gh tech ni ca ll y in r e s i d e nce h e h a d no t
“
,

r o o ms o f h i s o w n i n C o ll eg e d u r i ng h i s firs t t e rm .

Th e H o u s e w as v e r y fu ll and h ad it no t b ee n
fo r o ne o f t h e t u t o rs t h e R e v J L e w k i ndl y
, . .
,

l e nd i ng h i m o ne o f h i s o w n r o o ms h e w o u ld h av e ,

h ad t o ta k e l o dg i ngs i n t h e t o w n Th e fi rs t s e t
.

o f r o o ms h e o ccu p i e d w as in P e ck w at e r Q u ad

rangl e w h i ch i s a nnu a ll y th e s ce ne o f a gre a t

,

b o nfir e o n G u y F a w k e s Day a nd g ene r a ll y

’

, ,

sp eak i ng i s no t th e b e s t pl a ce fo r a r e a d i ng m an
,

t o l i v e in
.

I n t h o s e d ays th e u nd e rgr ad u a t e s d i ni ng in
h all w e r e d i v i d e d i nto m e ss e s
“
E a ch m e ss .
”

co ns i s t e d o f a b o u t h a lf a d o z e n m e n w h o h a d a ,

t abl e t o t h e ms e l v e s D inn e r w as s e r v e d at fi v e
.
,

and v e r y i nd i ffe r e n t l y s e r v e d t o o ; t h e d i sh e s
,

a nd pl a t e s w e r e o f p e w t e r an d t h e j o i nt w as
,

p ass ed r o u nd e a ch m an cu t t in g o ff w h a t h e
,

’
w a nt e d fo r h i ms e l f . I n M r D o dgs o n s m e ss
.

w e r e Ph i l i p P u s e y t h e l a t e R e v G C VVo o d
, . . .

h o u s e and a m o n g o t h e rs o ne w h o s t i ll l i v e s in
, , ,

”
A l i ce in W o nd e rl and as th e H a t t e r .

Onl y a fe w d ays a ft e r t e rm b e g a n M rs D o dg ,
.

so n d i e d s u dd e nl
y a t C r o ft T h .e sh o ck w as a

t e rr i bl e o ne t o t h e w h o l e fam i l y an d e sp eci all y t o

,

h e r d e vo t e d h u sb a nd I h av e co m e acro ss a
.
 THE L IF E AN D L ETTE RS OF

d e l i gh t fu l and m o s t ch a r a ct e r i s t i c l e t te r fr o m D r .

P u s ey— a l e t t e r fu ll o f t h e k i nd e s t an d t ru e s t
s ymp at h y w i t h th e A r chd e a co n in h i s b e r e a v e
m e n t Th e p a r t o f it w h i ch b ea rs u p o n Mr s
. .

’
D o dgs o n s d e a t h I g i ve in fu ll

G R VE
A OF A R H D EACON
C AN D MRS DO
. DG SON I N C ROFT CH U RC Y R D
H A .

MY DE A R FR 1 E N D — I h ear and see so littl e and so few

,

p ers ons th at I h ad no t h eard o f yo ur s o rro w u ntil you r to

,

day s l ett e r ; and now I but gu ess what it was ; onl y y ou r

’

l angu ag e is th at of th e very d eep est I hav e o ften th o u ght

.
,

si nce I h ad to thi nk of this h ow in all adversity what Go d

, , ,

tak e s away H e m ay gi ve us b ack w ith i ncreas e One canno t .

t hi nk th at any h o l y earthly l ov e will ceas e wh en we sh all be ,

“
 L E WI S CA RR O LL 49

l ik e th e A ng els o f Go d in H eav en L o v e h ere must sh ad ow

.

ou r l ove th e re d eep er b ecaus e spiritu al with o ut any all o y

, ,

fro m ou r si nfu l nature and in th e ful ne ss o f th e l o v e o f Go d

,
.

B u t as we gr ow h er e by G o d s grace will b e o u r cap acity fo

’
r

endl e ss l o v e So th en if by o r v ery suffe ri ngs we a e puri

.
, ,
u r

fi ed and o u r h earts e nl arg e d w e sh all in th at endl e ss bliss

, , , ,

l o v e m ore th o s e wh o m we l o v e d h ere than if we h ad never ,

‘

h ad th at s o rr o w nev e r b e e n p art e d
, .

L i s C a rr o ll w as su mm o ne d h o m e to a t t e nd
ew

h
t e fu n e r al — a s a d i n t e rl u d e a m i ds t th e no v e l
e xp e r i e nce s of a firs t t e rm at C o ll eg e Th e .

Ox fo rd o f 1 8 5 1 was in m any ways q u i t e u nl i k e

t h e O xfo rd o f 1 8 98 Th e p o s i t i o n o f t h e u nd e r
.

grad u a t e s w as m u ch m o r e s i m i l a r t o t h a t o f
s ch o o lb o ys t h a n i s no w th e ca s e ; t h e y w e r e su b
j cet to t h e s a m e p e nalt ies co r po r al p u ni sh m e nt
fi

e v en h a d o nl y j u s t g o ne o u t o f v o g u e — a nd
,

w e r e e xp ect e d t o w o rk a nd t o w o rk h a rd
, .

E arl y r i s i ng t h e n w as s t r i ct l y e nfo rce d as th e ,

fo ll o w i ng e x t ract fr o m o ne o f h i s l e t t e rs w i ll
sh o w

I xi o us as u su al to b egi n my p ers onal h ist o ry

am no t so an ,

as th e first thi ng I hav e to r eco rd is a ve ry sad i ncid e nt ,

nam e ly my mis si ng m o r ni ng ch ap el
; b e fo r e h o wev e r yo u
'

, , ,

co nd em n m e
yo u must h ear h o w accid ent al it was
, F o some . r

days now I h ave b een in th e h abit o f I will no t say g e tti ng ,

u p but o f b e i ng call e d at a qu art e r p ast six

, and g e ne r ally ,

m anagi ng to b e d o wn s oo n aft e r s ev en I n th e pr es ent inst ance

.
LE W I S CA RROL L , A GED 23.
52 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE R S OF

se e h er face and th e o th e r to see th e h o rs e s Th e h o rs e s

,
’
.
’

face is really w o nd e rful e xpre ssi ng t erro r and p ai n so ex actly

, ,

th at you alm o st e xp ect to h ear it s cream Th ere ar e s o m e

.

ve ry i ng e ni o us pi ece s o f m e ch anism A tr ee (in th e Fr ench

.

C o mpartm ent ) with birds chirpi ng and h o ppi ng fr o m branch to

branch exactl y lik e life Th e bird j umps acr o ss turns r o u nd o n
.
,

th e o th er br anch so as to face b ack ag ai n s e ttl e s its h ead and

, ,

neck and th en in a few m o m e nts j umps b ack agai n

, A bird .

standi ng at th e foo t o f th e tree tryi ng to eat a b e etl e is r ath er

a failur e ; it nev e r s u cceeds in ge tt i ng its h ead m o r e th an
a q u art e r o f an i nch d o wn and th at in u nco mfo rt abl e littl e
,

j erks as if it was ch o ki ng I have to go to th e R o yal

,
.

A cad e my so m u st st o p as t h e s u b j ect is q u it e i ne xh au stibl e

, ,

th er e 18 no h op e o f ever co mi ng to a r egul ar fi nish .

On N o v e mb e r I St h e w o n a B o u l t e r s ch o l a r
sh i p and a t th e e nd o f t h e fo ll o w i ng yea r o b tai ned
,

F i rs t Cl ass H o no u rs in M a t h e m at i cs an d a S eco nd
i n Cl a ss i ca l M o d e r at i o ns On Chr i s t m a s E v e h e
.

’
w a s m a d e a S t u d e nt o n D r P u s e y s no m i nat i o n
.
,

fo r a t t h a t t i m e t h e D e an a nd C a no ns no m i na t e d
to S t u d e nt sh i ps b y t u r n Th e o nl y co nd i t i o ns o n
.

w h i ch t h e s e o ld S t u d e nt sh i ps w e r e h e ld w e r e t h at
th e S t u d e nt sh o u ld r e m a i n u n m a rr i e d and sh o u ld ,

pro ce e d t o H o l y O rd e rs N o s tat u t e pr e ci s e l y
.

d e fi ne d w h at w o rk was e xp ect e d o f t h e m t h a t ,

q u e s t i o n b e i ng l arg e l y l e ft t o t h e i r o w n d i s cr e t i o n .

Th e e i gh t S t u d e nt s at t h e b o t t o m o f th e l i s t
t h a t i s t o say th e e i gh t w h o h a d b een no m i na t ed
,

l a s t h ad to m a rk b y pr i ck i ng o n w ee kl y pap e rs
—
,
 LE WI S CA RR OL L 53

ca ll e d th e B i lls th e a t t e nd ance at m o r ni ng and

,

e ve ni ng ch a p e l Th e y w e r e a ll o w e d t o arr a ng e
.

t h i s d u ty a m o n g t h e ms e l v e s and i f it w as , ,

negl ect e d t h e y w e re a ll p u ni sh e d
,
Th i s l o ng .

d e fu n ct cu s to m e xpl a i ns an e nt r y i n L e w i s C a rr o ll s
’

D ia ry fo r Oct o b e r 1 5 1 8 5 3 F o u nd I h ad go t
, ,
“

th e p r ickb ills t w o h u ndr e d l i n e s a p i e ce b y no t ,

r i ck i ng in in t h e m o r ni ng w h i ch I m u s t co nfe ss
p , , ,

mys t i fi e d m e e x ce e d i ngl y at firs t A no t h e r r e fe r .

en ce t o C o ll e g e i mp o s i t i o ns o ccu rs fu r t h e r o n in

h i s D i ar y a t a t i m e w h e n h e w as a L e ctu r e r
,
°

Sp o k e t o th e D ea n ab o u t F w h o h as
br o u gh t a n i mp o s i t i o n w h i ch h i s t u t o r d e cl a r e s i s
no t h i s o w n w r i t i n a ft e r b e in g e xpr e ssl
g
b , y t o ld t o

w r i t e it h i ms e lf .

Th e fo ll o w i ng i s a n e x t r act fr o m h i s fat h e r s
’

l e t t e r o f co n gra t u l a t i o n o n h i s b e i ng no m i na t e d
"

fo r th e S t u d e nt s h i p

Mv DE A R E ST C H A R L E S Th e f eli ngs of thankful ness and

,
- e

d el ight with whi ch I h ave read y o ur l e tt e r j u st r ecei ved I must ‘

l eav e to yo r con eption ; fo they a e I assur e yo b y o nd

u c r r , u, e

my xpr ession and y o u r affecti o nat e h eart will d eriv e no sm all

e

add iti o n o f jo y fr o m th inki ng o f th e

joy whi h yo h av e c u

occasi o ne d to m e and to all th e cir cl e o f y o ur h o m e

, I say .

you h ave occasi o ned b ecaus e grat efu l as I am to my o ld

“ ”

fri end D r P u s ey fo wh at h e h a d o ne I canno t d esir

, ,

. r s , e

stro ng e r evidenc than h is o wn wo rds o f th e fact that yo u h av e

e

won and w ell wo n this h o no ur fo yo sel and th at it is

, , f r ur ,
ARC H DE A C ON Do no so n
.
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RROL L 55

b est owed m att e r o f j u stice to you and no t o f kind ne to

as a ,
ss

me . Y o u will b e i nt e r est e d in r eadi ng e xtracts fr o m h is two

l ett ers to m e— th e first writt en thr ee y ears ago in answ er to
o ne fr o m m e in whi ch I disti nctly t o ld him th at I neith er
,

ask e d no r exp ect e d th at h e sh o uld s e rve m e in this m att e r ,

u nless m
y so n sh o uld fairly r each th e st and ard o f m e rit by
whi ch th es e app o intm ents w e re r egul at e d I n r eply h e s ays .

“
I thank yo u fo r th e way in whi ch yo u put th e appli cati o n
to m e . I h av e no w fo r nearly t wenty y ears no t giv en a
, ,

Stud entsh ip to any fri e nd o f my o wn u n l e ss ther e was no v e ry

,

e ligibl e p e rs o n in th e C o ll eg e .I h av e p ass ed by o r d ecli ned

th e s o ns o f th o s e t o wh o m I was p e rs o nally i nd ebt e d fer

ki nd ness I can o nly say th at I sh all h av e very gr ea t pl easure

.
,

if circumstances p e rmit m e to no mi nat e y o ur so n .

”

I n h is l e tt e r r ece ive d thi sm o r ni ng h e s ays

I h av e gr eat pl easur e in t ell ing yo u th at I h av e b een
“

e nabl e d to r eco mm end y o ur so n fo a Stud entship this r

Christm as I t must b e so mu ch m o r e s atisfact o ry to yo u

.

that h e sh o uld b e no mi nat ed thus in co ns equ e nce o f th e

,

r eco mm end ati o n o f th e C oll ege One o f th e C enso r s bro ught

.
~

m e to day fi ve nam e s ; but in th eir mi nds it was pl ai n th at

- '

th ey th o ught y o ur son o n th e wh o l e th e m o st e ligibl e fo th e r

C o ll ege I t h as b ee n very s atisfact o ry to h ear o f y o ur s o n s

.
’

u nifo rm st eady and go o d co ndu ct .

”

Th e l ast cl aus e is a p arall el to y o ur o wn r ep o rt and I ,

am gl ad th at
yo u sh o uld h av e h ad so s o o n an e vid ence so
substantial o f th e truth o f wh at I h ave so o ft en i ncul cat e d ,

that it is th e st eady p ai nst aki ng lik ely to do g oo d m an

“
, ,
- - -
”
,

w h o in th e l o ng r u n wi ns th e race ag ai nst th o s e wh o no w
and th en giv e a brilli ant fl ash and as Sh ak e sp ear e s a s
, y ,

straight ar e co ld agai n .
”

In 1 A r chd e aco n D o dgs o n w as co ll a t e d

853
a nd i ns t all e d as o ne o f th e C ano ns o f R i p o n
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

C at h e dral . Th i s a pp o i nt m e nt ne ce ss i t a t e d a
r e s i d ence o f t hr e e m o nt hs in e v e r y ye a r at R i p o n ,

w h e r e D r E rsk i ne w a s t h e n D e a n
. A ce r t a i n
.

M i s s A nd e rs o n w h o u s e d t o s t ay at t h e D eane ry
, ,

h ad v e ry r e m a rk a bl e cl a i r v o a nt p rs sh e
“
y o w e ;
w as a bl e— it w as a v e rr e d — b y m e r el y h o ld i n g in
h e r h and a fo ld e d p a p e r co n tai nin g s o m e w o rds
w r i t te n b y a p e rs o n u n k n o w n t o h e r t o d e s cr i b e
,

h i s o r h e r ch a r a ct e r I n t h i s w ay at w h a t pr e ci s e
.
,

d at e i s u nce r tai n sh e d i ct a t e d th e fo ll o w i ng
,

d e s cr i p t i o n o f L e w i s C a rr o ll : V e r y cl e v e r h e ad ;
“

a gr e a t d e al o f nu mb e r ; a gr e a t d e al o f i m i t a t i o n

h e w o u ld m a k e a g o o d a ct o r ; d iffi d e nt ; ra t h e r
sh i n g e n r a l s o ci t o m s o u t in th e h o m e
y e e y ; c e

ci r cl e ; ra t h e r o b s t i na t e ; v e r y cl e v e r ; a gr ea t
d eal o f co nce nt ra t i o n ; v e r y a ffect i o na t e ; a gr ea t
d eal o f w it a nd h u m o u r ; no t m u ch e v e n t u al i ty
( or m )
e m o r y o f e v e n t s ; fo nd o f d e e p r e a d i ng ;

i m ag i na t i v e fo nd o f re ad i ng p o e t ry ; m ay co m
,

”
pose . Th o s e w h o k ne w h i m w e ll w i ll agr e e
t h at t h i s w as a t any r a te a r e m a rk abl e co inci
, ,

d e nce .

L o ngl ey aft e r wa rds P r i m at e w as t h e n B i sh o p

, ,

of R ipon . H i s ch a rm i ng ch a r a ct e r e nd e a r e d h i m
t o t h e A r chd e aco n a nd h i s fa m i l y as t o e v e r y o ne
,

e ls e w h o s a w m u ch o f h i m . H e w as o ne o f th e
 L E WI S CA RROL L 57

fe w m e n w h o s e face s can t r u l y b e call e d bea u tifu l ,

it w as a v e i l t h r o u gh w h i ch a s o u l a ll g e nt l e ne ss
,

a nd t r u t h sh o ne br i gh t l
, y
.

I n t h e e a rl y p ar t o f 1 8 5 4 M r D odgs o n was
.

r e a d i ng h ard fo r G r ea t s
“
. F o r th e l a s t t hr ee
w e e ks b e fo r e t h e e x a m i na t i o n h e w o rk e d t h i r te e n
h o u rs a day sp e nd i n g th e
,

w h ol e ni gh t b e fo r e th e
viva voce o v e r h i s b o o ks .

B u t ph i l o s o ph y and h i s
to r y w e r e no t v e r y co n

g e ni al s u bj ect s t o h i m ,

and w h e n th e l i s t w as
p u bl i sh e d h is nam e w as
o nl y in t h e t h i rd cl a ss .

H e sp e n t th e L o ng
V acat i o n at W h i t b y r ead,

ing M a t h e m a t i c s w i t h
Pr o fe ss o r Pr i ce H is w o rk
.
’
A RC H B SH O P G EY
L ON L '

b o r e g o o d fr u i t fo r i n Octo b e r h e o b t a i ne d F i r s t
,

C la ss H o no u r s in t h e F i nal M a t h e m a t i cal S ch o o l
'

I a m g e t t i ng q u i t e t i r e d o f b e i ng co ngra t u l a te d
”
o n v a r i o u s s u bj e cts
, h e w r i te s “
t h e re s ee ms to
b e no e nd o f i t . I f I h a d sh o t th e D ea n I co u ld
”
h a rdl y h av e h a d m o r e s ai d ab o u t i t .

I n a no t h e r l e t t e r d a t e d D e ce mb e r 1 3 t h h e s ays
,
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

l o s ed yo u will fi nd a list whi ch I expect yo u to r ej o i ce

E nc
o v er co nsid e rably ; it will t ak e m e m o r e than a day to
b eli eve it I expect I feel at pre s ent v ery lik e a child with
,
—

a ne w t oy but I d ar e s ay I
,
shall b e tired o f it s o on and ,

wish to b e P o pe o f R o m e ne xt . I h av e j ust b een t o

Mr Pri ce to se e h o w I d id in th e pap e rs and th e
.
,

r e sult will I h o p e be gratifyi ng to you Th e fo ll o wing we r e

.

th e sums t o t al fo r each in t h e First Cl ass as nearly as I

,

can r em e mb e r

D odgso n 2 79

B o s anqu e t 26 1

C o o ks o n 254
Fo wl er 2 5 2

R ank e n 3
2 1

H e als o s aid h e nev e r r e m e mb er e d so g o o d a set o f m e n

in. A ll this is v e ry s atisfact o ry .I must als o add (this is
a v e ry b o astful l e tt e r) th at I o u ght t o ge t th e s e ni o r s ch o l ar

sh ip next t erm .One thi ng m o r e I w ill add to cr o w n

,

all and th at is
,
I fi nd I am th e next First Cl ass Math e
,

m atical Stud e nt to F au sse tt (with th e ex cepti o n o f K it chi n

w h o h as gi ve n up Math e m ati cs ) so th at I stand ne xt (as
,

B o s anqu e t is g o ing to l eav e ) fo th e L ectur eship

r .

D e ce mb e r 1 8 t h h e t o o k t h e d egr e e o f
On
B ach el o r o f A r ts a nd o n O ct o b e r 1 5 1 8 5 5
, , ,

h e w as m a d e a M a s t e r o f t h e H o u s e in
“
,

h o no u r o f t h e a pp o i nt m e nt o f t h e ne w D ean
(D r L i dd
. e ll
.

) w h o s u ccee d e d D e a n G a i sfo rd .

To b e m ad e M as t e r o f t h e H o u s e m e a ns t h at
a m a n h as all t h e pr i v i l ege s o f a M as t e r o f
A r t s w i t h i n th e w a ll s o f Ch r i s t Ch u r ch B u t .

h e m u s t b e o f a ce r t a i n nu mb e r o f t e rms
’
 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

d e v o t e r eg u l arl y as m u ch a s s e v e n h o u rs a d ay t o
d e l i ve r in g l e ct u re s t o sa y no t h i ng o f t h e t i m e
,

r e q u i re d fo r pr e p ar i n g t h e m .

Th e fo ll o w i ng e x t r act fr o m h i s J o u r na l J u ne ,

22 1 8 5 5 w i ll s e r v e t o sh o w h i s e a rl l o v e fo r t h e
, , y
Th e s ce ne i s l ai d a t t h e Pr i nce ss
’
dra m a .

Th ea t r e t h e n at t h e h e i gh t o f i t s gl o r y :
,

Th e ve ni ng b egan with a capital farce A way with Melan

e ,
“

ch o ly and th e n cam e th e gr eat pl ay H enry

” “
, th e ,

great e st th eatri cal tr ea t I ev e r h ad o e ve r e xp ect to h av e I r .

h ad no id ea th at anything so sup e rb as th e s ce ne ry and dre ss e s

was e v e r to b e s e en o n th e S ta g e K ean was m ag nifi cent as .

C ardi nal Wo ls ey Mr s K ean a wo rthy su cce ss o r to Mr s Sid

,
. .

d o ns as Qu een C ath e ri ne and all th e access o ri es with o ut ,

e x cepti o n w e r e g o o d but o h that e xquisite visi o n o f Qu een

—
,

Cath eri ne s I alm o st h eld my breath to wat ch th e ill u si o n

’
:

is p e rfect and I felt as if in a dr eam all t h e t m e it l ast e d

,
It i .

was lik e a d eli ci o us r ev e ri e o r t h e m o st b eautiful p oe t r y , .

This is th e tru e e nd and o bj ect o f acti ng— to r aise th e mi nd

ab o v e its e lf and o u t o f its p e tty ca r e s
, N e v e r sh all I fo rg e t .
-

th at w o nd e rful eve ni ng that exquisit e visi on su nb eams bro k e

,
—

in thr o ugh th e r o o f and gr adu ally r e v ea l e d two ange l fo rms

, ,

fl oati ng in fr o nt o f th e carve d wo rk o n th e ce ili ng th e co lum n :

o f su nb eams sh o ne d o wn up o n th e sl ee pi ng qu e e n and
ga r ~
,

dually d o wn it fl oat ed a tro o p o f ang eli c fo rms transp ar ent and

, , ,

ca rryi ng palm br anch e s in th e ir h ands th ey wave d th e s e o v er

th e sl ee pi ng qu een with o h su ch a sad and s o l e m n grace So
, .

co uld I fancy (if th e th o ught b e no t pr o fane) wo uld r eal ang e ls

s ee m to o u r m o rtal visi o n th o ugh d o ubtl e ss o r co nce pti o n is

,
u

po o r and m ean to th e r eality Sh e in an ecsta sy rais e s h er .

arms t o war ds th e m and to s wee t sl o w musi c th ey vanish as

, ,
 L E I VI S CA RR OL L 61

m arvell o u sly as th ey cam e Th en th e pr o fo u nd sil ence o f th e

.

audi ence burst at o nce i nt o a r aptur e o f appl aus e ; but e v e n

th at s car cely m arred th e e ffect o f th e b eau tiful sad waki ng

wo rds o f th e Qu een Spirits o f p eace w h e r e a e ye ?
“ ”
, ,I r

ne v e r enj o ye d anythi ng so mu ch in my life b e fo r e a nd nev e r

felt so incli ne d to sh ed t ears at anythi ng fi ctiti ou s sav e p e rh aps

at th at p oeti cal ge m o f D i ck e ns t h e d eath o f littl e P aul
,

.
,

On A u g u s t 2 1 s t h e re ce i v ed a l o ng l e t t e r fr o m
h i s fa t h e r fu ll o f e x ce ll e nt a d v i ce o n th e i mp o r
,

t ance t o a yo u n g m an o f s a v i n g m o ney z

I will j u st sk et ch fo yo u [writ es th e A r chd eaco n] a supp o s ed

r

cas e appli cabl e to y o u r o wn cir cumst ance s

, o f a y o u ng m an ,

o f t wenty thr ee m aki ng up h is mi nd to wo rk fo ten y ears

-
, r ,

a nd livi ng to d o it o n an I nco m e enabli ng h im to s av e

, £ 5
1 0

a year —
supp o s ing h im to appro pri at e it thus

In vest ed at 4 per cent .

L ife I nsurance o f 29 1
5 0

B o o ks b e sid es th o s e b o ught
, in or

d inar y co urs e 20
5 0

£ 1 50 0 0

S upp o s e h im at th e end o f th e ten years to get a L ivi ng

e nabli ng him t o s ettl e w h at will b e th e r e sult o f h is s avi ngs
,

1. A ne st egg o f r eady m o ney fo furnishi ng and ,

r

o th e r e xp e ns e s .

2. A su m o f s ecur e d at h is d eath o n p aym ent o f a

very m u ch sm all e r annu al Pr e mi u m th an if h e h ad th e n b eg u n

to i nsur e it .

3 A us e ful L ibrary wo rth m o r e th an £ 2

.
,
b esid e s th e b o o ks
00,

b o ught ou t o f his current I nco m e duri ng th e p er io d .

 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

Th e p i ct u r e o n th e o pp o s i t e p ag e i s o ne o f M r .

D o dgs o n s i ll u s t r a t i o ns in M isch M asch a p e r i o d

’
-
,

i cal o f th e na t u re o f Th e R ector y U m br ella ,

e x ce p t t h at it co ntai ne d pr i nt e d s t o r i e s and
p o e ms b y th e e d i t o r cu t o u t o f th e v a r i o u s ne w s
,

pap e r s t o w h i ch h e h ad co nt r i b u t e d t h e m Of .

t h e co m i c p a p e rs o f t h a t d ay P u nch o f co u rs e , ,

h eld th e fo r e m o s t pl a ce b u t it was no t w i t h
,

o u t r i v al s ; t h e r e w as a ce r ta i n pap e r ca ll e d
D iogenes t h e n v e r y ne a r i t s e nd w h i ch i m i t a te d
, ,

P u nch s s tyl e and i n 1 8 5 3 th e pr o pr i e t o r o f Th e

’

I llu str a ted N ew s at t h at t i m e o ne o f t h e m o s t

,

o p u l e nt p u bl i sh e rs in L o nd o n s ta r t e d Th e Com ic,

Ti m es . A cap abl e e d i t o r w as fo u nd i n E dm u nd
Y at e s Ph i z and o t h e r w e ll k no w n a r t i s t s and
-

w r i t e rs j o i ne d t h e s ta ff and ,
co p i e s o f t h e

fi rs t nu mb e r w e r e pr i nt e d .

A m o ng th e co nt r i b u t o rs w as F rank S m e dl e y ,

a u t h o r o f F rank F ai rl e i gh
“
Th o u gh a co n
.

fi rm e d i nv al i d and co nd e m ne d t o sp e nd m o s t o f
,

h is d ays o n a s o fa M r S m e dl e y m a n ag e d t o
, .

w r i t e s e v e ra l fi ne no v e l s fu ll o f t h e jo y o f l i fe
, ,

a nd fr e e fr o m t h e l e a s t t a i nt o f d i sco nt e nt o r
m o rb i d fee l i ng H e w as o ne o f t h o s e m e n
.

o ne m e e t s t h e m h e r e a nd t h e r e w h o s e m i nds —

r i s e h i gh ab o v e t h e i r b o d i l y infir m it ie s at
 LE WI S CARROL L

m o m e n t s o f d e pr e ss i o n w h i ch co m e t o t h e m as
,

fr e q u ent l y i f no t m o r e fr eq u e nt l y t h an t o o t h e r
, ,

m e n t h e y no d o u b t fe e l t h e i r w e ak ne ss and t h i nk
, ,

t h e ms e l v e s d e sp i s e d l i t t l e k n o w i ng t h a t w e th e
, ,

s t r o ng e r o ne s in b o d y fee l n o t h i n g b u t a dm i ra
,

Alas I what hoot s

/

t i o n as w e w a t ch th e spl e nd i d v i ct o r y o f th e s o u l
o ve r i t s ea r thl y co mp an i o n w h i ch t h e i r l i ve s
d i spl ay.

I t was t hr o u gh F r an k S m e dl e y t h a t M r .

D o dgs o n b ecam e o ne o f th e co nt r i b u t o rs t o Th e
Com ic Tim es . S e v e r a l o f h i s p o e m s app ea re d
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

in i t and M r Y a t e s w r o t e to h i m in t h e k i nd e s t
, .

m a nne r e xpre s s i ng w a rm appr o v al o f t h e m

, .

Wh e n Th e Com ic Tim es ch a ng e d h ands in 1 8 5 6 ,

a nd w as r e d u ce d t o h a l f i t s s i z e t h e w h o l e s ta ff
,

l e ft i t a nd s t a r t e d a new v e nt u re Th e Tr a in , .

Th e y w e r e j o i ne d b y S al a w h o s e s t o r i e s in
,

H ou seh old Wor ds w e r e at t h at t i m e u s u all y

a s cr i b e d b y t h e u ni ni t i a t ed t o Ch a rl e s D i ck e ns .

M r D o dgs o n s co nt r i b u t i o ns t o Th e Tr a in in
’
.

cl u d e d t h e fo ll o w i ng : S o l i t u d e (M a r ch ,

N o v e l t y a nd R o m ancem e nt (O ct o b e r 1 8 5 6 ) ,

Th e Th re e V o i ce s (N o v e mb e r 1 8 5 6) , Th e “

M
( y
’
S a i l o r s W i fe a ,a n d l a s t b u t ,

’
b y no m e a ns l e a s t H ia w a t h a s Ph o to graph
,
“

”
i n g (D e ce mb e r ,
A ll o f t h e s e e x ce p t ,

“
N o ve l t y a nd R o m a nce m e nt h a ve s in ce b ee n
,

r e p u bl i sh e d i n R h ym e ? and R e a s o n ?
“
a nd
“
Thr ee S u ns e t s .

Th e l as t e nt r y i n M r D o dgs o n s D i a ry fo r t h i s
’
.

e a r r e a d s as fo ll o w s
y

I am sitti ng al o ne in my b edr o o m this l ast night o f th e o ld

y ear waiti ng fo mid night I t h as b ee n th e m o st ev entful
,
r .

y ear o f my life I b egan it a p o o r b ach el o r stud ent w ith no

: ,

d e fi nit e pl ans o e xp ectati o ns I end it a m ast er and tut o r in

r

Ch C h with an i nco m e o f m o r e th an £ 3 0 a y ear and th e

. .
,
0 ,

co urs e o f m ath em ati cal tuiti o n m ark e d o u t by G o d s pro vi ’

d ence for at l east s o m e y ears to co m e Great m e r ci e s great

.
,
 L E WI S CA RROL L
faili ngs tim e l o st t al ents
, ,
m isap p lied fl -
su ch h as b een th e
p ast y ear .

H is D i ar y i s fu ll o f s u ch m o d e s t d e pr e ci a t i o ns
o f h i ms e l f a nd h is w o rk i nt e r s p e rs e d w i t h ea r ne s t
,

praye rs (to o s acre d a nd pr i v a t e to b e r e pr o d u ce d

h e r e ) t h at G o d w o u ld fo rg i ve h i m th e p a s t and ,

h e lp h im to p e rfo rm H i s h o l y w i ll in t h e fu tu r e .

An d all th e t i m e t h at h e w as t h u s sp e ak i ng o f
h i ms e l f as a s i nne r a nd a m an w h o w as u t t e rl y
,

fall i ng sh o r t o f h i s aim h e w as l i v i ng a l i fe fu ll
,

o f g o o d d e e ds a nd i nnu m e r abl e ch a r i ti e s a l i fe ,

o f ince ss ant l a b o u r a nd u nr e m i t t i ng fu lfilm e nt o f

d u t y So I s u pp o s e it i s al w ays w i t h t h o se w h o
.
, ,

h ave a r eall y h i gh i d e al th e h ard e r t h ey tr y t o

appr o ach i t t h e m o r e i t s e e ms to r e ce d e fr o m

t h e m o r ra t h e r p e rh ap s it i s i mp o s s i bl e to b e
, , ,

”
b o t h th e s u bj e ct and s p e ct a t o r o f g o o d ne ss
“
.

A s C o v e nt r y P a t m o r e w r o t e

B ecom e wh at ev er g o o d yo u s e e

N o r s igh if fo rth with fad es fr o m vi e w

, ,

Th e grace o f whi ch yo u m ay no t b e
Th e Subj ect and sp ect at o r to o .

Th e r e ad i ng o f A l t o n L o ck e t u r ne d h is
“

m i nd t o w a rd s s o ci al s u bj e ct s I f th e b o o k.
“

w e r e b u t a l i t t l e m o r e d e fi ni t e h e w r i t es it “
, ,

6
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

m i gh t s ti r u p m a ny fel l o w o rk e rs in th e
w -
s am e

g o o d fi e ld o f s oci a l i mpr o v e m e n t O h t h a t Go d
.
,

in H i s g o o d pr o v i d e nce m ay m a k e m e h e r e a ft e r
,

s u ch a w o rk e r ! B u t a l a s w h at a r e t h e m e a ns
,
p

E ach o ne h as h i s o w n nostr u m t o pro p o und a nd ,

in t h e B a b e l o f v o i ce s no t h i ng i s d o ne I w o u ld .

t h ankfu ll y sp e nd and b e sp e nt s o l o ng a s I w e r e
s u r e o f r eall y e ffe ct i ng s o m e t h i ng b y th e sacr i fi ce ,

a nd no t m e r e l l i ng d o w n u nd e r t h e w h ee l s o f
y y
s o m e i rr e s i s t i bl e J u gg e r nau t .

H e w as fo r s o m e t i m e th e e d i t o r o f College
R hy m es a Ch r i s t Ch u r ch p ap e r i n w h i ch h i s
, ,

A Sea D i rg e (a ft e r w a rds r e p u bl i sh e d
’

poem ,
“

in “
Ph ant asm ag o r i a a nd ag ain in R h ym e ?
,
” “

a nd fi rs t app ea r e d Th e fo ll o w i ng
.

v e rs e s w e r e a m o ng h i s co nt r i b u t i o ns t o t h e s a m e

m ag az i ne
I pai nt d h e a gushi ng thi ng
e r ,

With y ears p erh aps a s co re

I littl e th o ught to fi nd th e y w er e
A t l east a d o z en m o r e
My fancy g av e h e e y e s o f blu e
r ,

A curly aubur n h ea d
I ca m e to fi nd th e blu e a gr een ,

Th e aub u rn tur ned to r ed .

Sh eb o x ed my ears this m o r ni ng ,

Th ey ti ngl e d v ery mu ch
68 TH E LI FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

o cca sion h i ch h e u s e d i t
on w w as , I b el i e v e ,

w h en h e w ro t e Th e P a t h “
of R o s es ,

p o e m w h i ch a pp ea r e d in Th e Tr a in in May ,

1 8 56 .

On J u ne 1 6t h h e aga i n v i s i t e d th e P r i nce ss s ’

Th ea t r e Th i s t i m e t h e pl ay w as A W i nt e r s
.
“ ’

T al e a nd h e,
e sp e ci a ll y a dm i r e d
“
th e a c ti ng

o f t h e l i t t l e Ma m illiu s E ll e n T e rr y a b e au ti fu l
, ,

l i t t l e cr e a t u r e w h o pl aye d w i t h r e m a rk abl e eas e

,

”
a nd sp i r i t .

D u r i ng th e L o ng V a ca t i o n h e s p e nt a fe w w e e ks
in th e E ngl i sh L a k e D i s t r i c t I n s p i t e o f th e
.

ra i n o f w h i ch h e h ad h i s fu ll sh a re h e m anag e d
, ,

t o s ee a g o o d d e al o f th e b e s t s ce ne r y a nd m ad e ,

t h e a s ce nt o f G a bl e in t h e face o f a n ic g al e
y ,

w h i ch l a i d h i m u p w i t h ne u ralg i a fo r s o m e d ays .

H e a nd h i s co mp a ni o ns r e t u r ne d t o C r o ft b y w a y
o f B a r na rd C a s t l e a s h e na rr a t e s in h i s D i a r
, y

We by coach fo r B ar nard C astl e at ab o ut s ev en

se t ou t ,

and p ass e d o ve r ab o ut fo rty mil e s of th e dr ea ri e st hill

co u ntry I ev er saw ; th e clim ax o f w r e t ch ed ne ss was r each e d

in B o w e s wh er e yet st ands th e o rigi nal o f Do th eb o ys H all

,
”

it h as l o ng ceas ed to b e us ed as a s ch o o l and is falli ng ,

i nt o rui n in whi ch th e wh o l e pl ac s eem s to b e fo ll o wi ng its

, e

e x ampl e— t h e r oo fs ar e falli ng in and th e wi nd o ws br o k e n o

, r

barri cad e d — th e wh o l e t o w n l o o ks pl agu e stri ck en Th e -

.

co u rty ard o f th e inn w e st o pp ed at was gr o w n o v er with

we e ds and a m o uthi ng idi o t l o ll e d ag ai nst th e co r ne r o f t h e
,
 L E WI S CA RROLL 69

h o us e lik e th e ev il g enius o f th e sp o t N ext to a pris o n o

, . r a

lu nati c asylum pr e s erve m e fro m livi ng at B o w e s

,

A l t h o u gh h e w as anyt h i ng b u t a sp o r t sm an h e ,

w as i nt e r e s t e d in t h e s u bj e ct o f b e t t i ng fr o m a ,

m a t h e m at i cal s t andp o i nt s o l e l y and in 1 8 5 7 h e ,

s e nt a l e t t e r to B ell s L ife e xpl a i nin g a m e th o d

’

b y w h i ch a b e t t i ng m an m i gh t e ns u r e w i nni ng
o v e r an
y r a ce Th e s s t e m w a s e i t h e r t o b a ck
y .

eve r
y h o rs e or t o la
y
,
ag a i ns t ever
y h o rs e ,

a cco rd i ng t o t h e w a t h e o dds add e d u H e

y p .

sh o w e d h i s s ch e m e t o a sp o r t i ng fr i e nd w h o ,

’
r e m ark e d A n e x ce ll e nt s ys t e m a nd yo u r e
,
“
,

b o u nd t o w in if only y ou can get p eop le to tah e

—

y ou r bets .

In t h e sa me ye a r he m ad e t h e a cq u ai nt a nce
of T e nnys o n w h o s e , w r i ti ngs h e h ad l o ng in
t e nse l y adm i r e d He . t h u s d e s cr i b e s t h e p o e t s ’

a pp e a r a nce

A strange sh aggy l oo k ing m an ; h is hair m o ust ach e and

-
, ,

h ea d l o ok e d wild and negl e ct e d ; th e s e v e ry mu ch hid t h e

r

ch ar act e r o f th e face H e was dr e ss e d in a l o o s el fitti ng

.

y
m o r ni ng co at co mm o n grey fl annel w aist coat and tr o us e rs
, ,

and a care l e ssly t ie d bl ack silk neck erchi ef H is h air is bl ack .

I th ink th e e y e s to ; th e y a k ee n and r estl e ss no s e aqui

o re —

l ine fo eh eacl h igh and br o ad b o th face and h ead ar e fi ne

— r —

a nd m anly H is m anne r wa k ind and fr ie ndly fr o m th e

. s

first ; th e re is a dry lurki ng hum o ur in h i styl e o f t alki ng s .

 ALFRE D TE Y SO
ll
NN N .

Fr m
( o a ph t gr ph by L wi
o o a e s Ca r
ro .
)
 TH E LI FE A N D L ETTE RS OF L E I VI S CA RR OL L 71

I t o o k th e o pp o rtu nity [h e g oe s o n to say] o f aski ng th e

m eaning o f two pass age s in h is p o ems whi ch h av e always ,

puzzl e d m e : o ne in Maud
St r t I h r tw
th a m en
S m wh r t lk ing
an e ea o
g
of me
W ll if it pr v gir l
o e e e a

m y b oy
Will h v p l nty ;
e ,
o e a ,

a e e so le t it b e .

He said it referre d to Maud and ,

t o t h e t wo fath e rs arr ang ing
a m at ch b e t we e n h ims elf and h e r .

Th e o th e r was o f th e p oet

Do w r d with th h ate of h th e s rn f s rn
Th l v fl v
e e e ate , co o co ,

e o e o o e.

He s aid th at h e was quit e willi ng it sh o uld b ear any m eani ng

t h e wo rds w o uld fairly b ear ; to th e b est o f h is r e co ll e cti o n
h is m eani ng wh e n h e wr o t e it was th e h at e o f th e qu alit y
“

h at e,
but h e th o ught th e m eaning o f th e qui nt ess ence “

o f h atr e d fi ner H e s aid th e r e h ad nev e r b ee n a p oe m so

.

misu nde rst o o d by th e ni nni e s o f criti cs as Maud

“ ” “
.
”

D u r i ng an e v e nin g sp e nt at T e nt L o dg e
T e n nys o n r e m ark e d o n th e Si m i l a r i t y o f t h e
,

’
m o nk e y s sk u ll t o th e h u m an t h a t a yo u ng ,

’
m o nk e y s sk u ll i s q u i t e h u m a n in sh ap e a nd ,

gradu all y a l te rs — th e a na l o g y b e i ng b o r ne o u t b y
t h e h u m an sk u ll b e i ng at firs t m o r e l i k e th e

s t a t u e s o f th e g o ds and grad u a ll y d eg e ne ra t i ng
,

i nt o h u m an ; and t h e n t u r ni ng t o M rs T e nny ,
.

’
so n , Th e r e t h at s th e s e co nd o r i g i nal r e m a rk
“
,

’
I v e m ad e t h i s e v e ni ng ! M r D o dgs o n saw a .
 THE LI FE AN D L E T E
T RS OF

great d e al o f th e T e nnys o ns a ft e r t h i s and ph o t o ,

graph e d th e p o e t h i ms e lf and v ar i o u s m e mb e rs
o f h i s fa m i l
y .

I n Oct o b e r h e m ad e t h e acq u ai nt a nce o f J o h n

R u sk i n w h o in aft e r ye ars w as al w ays w i ll i ng
,

t o a ss i s t h i m w i t h h i s v al u a bl e a d v i ce o n a ny

p o i nt o f a r t i s t i c cr i t i ci s m M r D o dgs o n w as
. .

s i ng u l a rl y fo r t u na t e in h i s fr i e nds ; w h e ne v e r h e
w as in d i ffi cu l t i e s o n a ny t e ch ni cal m a t t e rs ,

w h e t h e r o f r e l i g i o n la w m e d i ci ne a r t o r w h a t
, , , ,

e ve r it m i gh t b e h e a l w a ys h ad s o m e o ne
,

e s p e ci all y d i s t i ng u i sh e d in t h a t br a nch o f s t u d
y
w h o s e a id h e co u ld s ee k as a fr i e n d I n par .

t icu la r t h e na m e s o f C a no n K i ng (no w B i sh o p o f
,

L i nco l n) and S i r J a m e s P age t o ccu r to m e ; to

,

t h e l a t t e r M r D o dgs o n a ddr e ss e d m any l e t t e rs o n

.

q u e s ti o ns o f m e d i ci ne a nd s u rg e r y— s o m e o f t h e m ‘

i nt r i ca t e e no u gh b u t ne v e r t o o i nt r i ca t e t o w ea ry
,

th e u nfa i l i ng p a t i e nce o f t h e gr e a t s u rg eo n .

A no te in M r D o dgs o n s J o u r nal May 9 ’

.
, ,

1 8 5 7 d e s cr i b e s h i s i nt r o d u ct i o n t o T h ack e r a
, y

I breakfast e d this m or ni ng with Fo wl er o f L i nco l n to m ee t

Th ack e ray (th e auth o r) wh o d eliv e re d h is l ectur e o n G eo rg e
,

I I I in Oxfo rd l ast night

. I was m u ch pl eas e d with wh at I
.

saw o f h im h is m anne r is simpl e and u naffe ct ed h e sh o ws

no anxi e ty to shi ne in co nv e rs ati o n th o ugh full o f f n and
,
u
 L E WI S CA RR OL L
d t wh en drawn o u t H e s eem ed d el ighte d with th e
anec o e .

recepti o n h e h ad m et with l ast night th e u ndergradu at es :

s ee m to h ave b ehaved with m o st u nusual m o d erati on .

Th e n e x t fe w ye a rs of
h i s l i fe p a ss e d q u i e t l y ,

and w i th ou t any u nu su al e v ent s to br e a k t h e

I
TH E B SH OP O F I
L N C O LN .

( Fr m
o a ph otog aphr by L ew is Ca r
ro ll )
.

m o no t o n y o f co ll e g e r o u t i ne H e sp e nt h i s
.

m o r ni ngs in th e l e ct u r e r o o ms h i s a ft e r no o ns in
-
,

t h e co u nt r o r o n th e r i v e r— h e w as v e r y fo nd o f
y
b o a t i ng and h is e v e ni ngs in h i s r o o m r ead i ng
—
,

B
’
and pr e p a r i ng fo r t h e ne x t d a s w o rk u t in
y .
74 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF L E WI S CARR OL L

sp i t e o f a ll t h i s o u t w a rd calm o f l i fe h is m i n d w as
,

ve r m u ch e x e r ci s e d o n th e s u bj e ct o f t a k i ng
y
H o l y O rd e rs N o t o nl y w as t h i s s t e p nece ss a r y
.

i f h e w i sh e d t o r e t a i n h i s S t u d e nt sh i p b u t a ls o h e
,

fe l t t h a t i t w o u l d g i v e h i m m u ch m o r e i nfl u e nce
a m o ng t h e u nd e rgra d u a t e s a nd t h u s i ncr e a s e h i s
,

p o w e r o f d o i ng g o o d O n th e o t h e r h and h e w as
.
,

no t pr e p a r e d t o l i v e t h e l i fe o f al m o s t p u r i tan i ca l

s t r i c t ne ss w h i ch w as t h e n co ns i d e r e d e ss e n t i al fo r

a cl e rg m a n a nd h e s a w t h a t t h e i mp e d i m e n t o f
y ,

sp ee ch fr o m w h i ch h e s u ffe re d w o u ld gr eat l y i nt e r
fe re w i t h t h e pr o p e r p e rfo rm a nce o f h i s cl e r i cal
du ties .

Th e B i sh o p o f O xfo rd D r W i l b e rfo r ce h a d
, .
,

e xpr e ss e d th e o p i ni o n t h at t h e res o l u t i o n to
“

a t t e nd t h e a t r e s o r o p e r a s w a s an a bs o l u t e d i s

q u al i fi cat i o n fo r H o l y O rd e rs w h i ch d i s co u r a g e d
,

h i m v e r y m u ch u nt i l it t ransp i r e d t h a t t h i s s t a t e
,

m e n t was o nl y m eant t o re fe r to t h e p aro ch ia l

cl e rg .
y H e d i s cu ss e d t h e m at t e r w i t h D r P u s e
y
.
,

a nd w i t h D r L id do n . . Th e l at t e r s ai d t h a t h e “

t h o u gh t a d eaco n m i gh t l a w fu ll y i f h e fo u nd h i m
,

s e lf u nfi t fo r th e w o rk a bs tai n fro m d i re ct m i ni s
,

t e r ial d u t y
. A nd so w i t h m a n y q u a l ms a b o u t
,

h i s o w n u nwo r t h i ne ss h e at l as t d e ci d e d to
,

pr e p a r e d e fi ni t e l y fo r o rd i na t i o n .
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

O n D e ce mb e r 22, 1 8 6 1 h e w as
, rd ai ne d d eaco n
o

b y th e B i s h o p o f O xfo rd H e ne v e r pr o ce e d e d
.

’
t o pr i e s t s o rd e r s p ar t l y I t h i nk b e cau s e h e
, , ,

fe l t t h a t i f h e w e r e t o d o so it w o u l d b e h i s
d u t y to u nd e r t a k e r eg u l ar p ar o ch i al w o rk and ,

p ar t l y o n acco u nt o f h i s s t a mm e r i ng H e u s e d .
,

h o w e ve r to pr e ach no t u nfr e q u e nt l y and h i s

, ,

s e rm o ns w e r e al w ays d e l i gh t fu l t o l i s t e n t o h is ,

e x t r e m e e a r ne s t ne s s b e i ng e v i d e nt in e v e r w o rd
y .

”
H e k ne w e x ac t l y w h a t h e w i s h e d t o say (I
a m q u o t i ng fr o m a n a r ti cl e in Th e G u a r d ia n
) ,

a nd co mpl e t e l fo rg o t h i s a u d i e nce in h is
y
a nx i e t t o e xpl a i n h is p o i n t cl e a rl y H t h gh t ’

y e
. o u

o f t h e s u bj e ct o nl a nd t h e w o rd s ca m e o f t h e m
y ,

se l v e s
. L o o k i ng s t rai gh t in fro nt o f h i m h e saw ,

a s i t w e r e h is a rg u m e n t m a pp e d o u t in t h e fo rm
,

o f a d i agr a m a nd h e s e t t o w o rk t o pr o v e I t p o i n t
,

b y p o i nt u nd e r it s s e p a ra t e h ead s a nd t h e n
,
.

su m m e d u
p t h e whol e . .

O ne s e rm o n w h i ch h e pr e ach e d in t h e U ni v e r
s it Ch u r ch o n E t e r nal P u ni s h m e n t is no t l i k e l
y , ,
y
to b e s o o n fo rg o t t e n b y t h o s e w h o h e a rd i t I .
,

u nfo r t u na t e l w as no t o f t h a t nu mb e r , b u t I ca n
y ,

w e ll i m ag i ne h o w h i s cl e a r —cu t fe a t u r e s w o u ld

l i gh t u p as h e d w e l t l o v i ngl y u p o n t h e m e r cy o f
t h a t B e i ng w h o s e ch ar i t y far e x ce e d s th e m e as u r e
“
 LE WI S CARR OLL 77
’
of m a n s m i nd . I t is h a rdl y ne ce ss a ry t o say
t h a t h e h i ms e l f d i d no t b e l i e v e in e te r nal p u ni s h
m e nt o r a ny o th e r s ch o l as t i c d o c t r i ne t h a t co n
,

t r a v e ne s t h e l o v e o f G o d .

H e d i sl i k e d b e i ng co mpl i m e nt e d o n h i s s e r
m o ns b u t h e l i k e d t o b e t o l d o f a ny g o o d e ffe c t s
,

t h a t h i s w o rd s h ad h a d u p o n a ny m e mb e r o f t h e

co ngr e g a t i o n . Th ank yo u fo r t e ll i ng m e t h a t
”
fact a b o u t m y s e rm o n h e w r o t e to o ne o f h is
,

s i s t e rs w h o t o ld h i m o f s o m e s u ch g o o d fr u i t
,

th a t o ne o f h is a ddr e ss e s h ad b o r ne I h av e “
.

o nce o r t w i ce h a d s u ch i nfo rm a t i o n v o l u nt e e r e d ;

and i t is a r ea t co mfo r t a nd a k i nd o f t h i ng
—
g
th a t i s r ea lly g o o d fo r o ne to k no w I t i s not.

go o d to b e t o ld (a nd I ne v e r w i sh t o b e t o ld ) ,

‘
Y o u r s e rm o n w a s s o bea u t if ul W e sh all no t b e
.
’

co nce r ne d t o k no w in t h e G r e a t Day w h e t h e r w e
, ,
I

h av e pre ach e d b e au t i fu l s e rm o ns b u t w h e t h e r t h e y
,

w e r e pr e a ch e d w i t h t h e o ne o bj e ct o f s e r v i ng

God .

H e w as l w ays r e ad y a nd w i ll i ng t o pr each a t
a

t h e sp e ci a l s e r v i ce fo r C o ll e g e s e r va nt s w h i ch ,

u s e d t o b e h e ld a t Chr i s t Ch u r ch e v e r S u nd ay
y
e v e ni ng ; b u t b e s t o f all h e l o v e d t o pr e a ch t o

ch i ldr e n S o m e o f h is l as t s e rm o ns w e r e d e l i v e r e d
.

at Chr i s t Ch u r ch E as t b o u r ne (th e ch u rch h e

,
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

r e g u l a rl y a t t e nd e d d u r i ng th e L o ng V aca ti o n) t o ,

a co ngr e g a ti o n o f ch i ldr e n O n t h o s e o cca s i o ns

.

h e t o ld t h e m a n all e g o r y Victor a nd A r nion ,

w h i ch h e i nt e nd e d t o p u bl i s h in co u r s e o f t i m e
p u t ti ng all h is h e a r t i nt o t h e w o rk an d sp e a k i ng ,

w i t h s u ch d e e p fe e l i ng t h a t a t t i m e s h e w a s a l m o s t
u na bl e t o co nt r o l h i s e m o t i o n a s h e t o ld t h e m o f

t h e l o v e a nd co mp a ss i o n o f t h e G o o d S h e ph e rd .

I h av e d w e l t a t s o m e l e ng t h o n t h i s s i d e o f h i s
l i fe fo r i t i s I a m su r e alm o s t i g no r e d in t h e
, , ,

p o p u l a r e s t i m a t e o f h i m H e w as e ss e nt i all y a
.

r e l i g i o u s m an in th e b e s t s ens e o f th e t e rm and ,

w i th o u t any o f t h a t m o rb i d s e nti m e n ta l i ty w h i ch
i s t o o o ft e n a ss o ci a t e d w i t h t h e w o rd a nd w h i l e
h i s r el i g i o n co ns e cr a t e d h i s t al e n t s and r ai s e d ,

h i m to a h e i gh t w h i ch w i t h o u t i t h e co u l d ne v e r
h a ve r e ach e d th e e x a mpl e o f s u ch a m an as
,

h e w as so br i l l i a nt s o w i t t y s o s u cce ss fu l a nd
, , , ,

t s o fu ll o f fa i t h co ns e cr a t e s t h e v e r co nce
y e , y p
t i o n o f r e l i g i o n a nd m a k e s it ye t m o re b e au t i fu l
,
.

On A pr i l 1 3 1 8 5 9 h e p a i d a no t h e r v i s i t t o
, ,

T e nny s o n t h i s t i m e a t F ar r ingfo r d
,
.

A ft er di nner we r etir ed fo r ab ou t an h o ur to th e sm o ki ng
’

r oo m wh e re I saw th e pr o o f sh eets o f th e K i ng s I dylls

,
— “ ’
,
”

but h e w o uld no t le t m e read th e m H e w alk e d throu gh .

th e g ard e n with m e wh e n I l eft and m ad e m e rem ark

,
AL CI E ID
L E
D L L AS B E GG R -CH LI D
ll )
A .

Fr m
( o a r
ph otog aph by L agj s Ca rr o .
 TH E LI FE AN D L T E TE RS OF LE WI S CARR OL L 81

c a m e i nt o r e s i d e nce at Chr i s t Ch u r ch Th e .

D ea n m e t h i m a t t h e s t a t i o n and all th e d o ns ,

a ss e mbl e d in To m Q u adra ngl e t o w e l co m e h i m .

M r D o dgs o n as u s u al h ad an e ye to a ph o t o
.
, ,

graph in w h i ch h o p e h o w e v e r h e w as d o o m ed
, , ,

t o d i s a pp o i nt m e nt H i s R o yal H i gh ne ss w as .

t i r e d o f h a v i ng h i s p i ct u r e ta k e n .

D u r i ng h i s earl y co ll eg e l i fe h e u s e d o fte n t o
'

’
sp e nd a fe w d ays at H as t i ngs w i t h h i s m o t h e r s ,

s i s t e rs t h e M i ss e s L u tw idge I n a l e t t e r w r i t t e n
,
.

fro m t h e i r h o u s e to h i s s i s t e r M ar y and d at e d ,

A pr i l 1 1 1 8 60 h e g i v e s an acco u nt o f a l ectu r e
, ,

h e h ad j u s t h e a rd

I j ust r etur ned fro m a s eri es of diss o lvi ng vi ws o n th e

am e

A r cti c r egi o ns and whil e th e inf rm ati o n th e r e r e e ive d is still

, ,
o c

fre sh in m y mi nd I will try to giv e yo s o m e of it I n th u e

'

first pl ace you m ay no t k no w th at n o f th e o bj ts o f th e

.
,

,
o e ec

A r ti c exp editi o ns was to dis co v e r

c th e i nt ensity o f th e
“

m ag ne ti c needl e H e [th e l ectur er] d id no t t ell us h o w ev er

.
”
, ,

wh eth r th ey h ad s u c eed e d in dis co v eri ng it o

e c wh e th e r , r

th at rath er ob s cur e q u e sti o n is still d ubtful One o f th e o .

e xpl o r e rs B afli n th o gh h e d id no t s u ffer all th e h ardships

“
, ,
u

th e o th e rs d id yet h e cam e to an u ntim ely e nd ( f

,
urs e o co

o ne w o uld thi nk in th e A r ti r gi o ns ) f o insta n e (what c c e ,

r c

fo ll ws b ei ng I supp s e o ne o f th e u ntim ely ends h e cam

o ,
o ,
e

to ) b ei ng
,
ng ag e d in a wa o f th e P o rtugu e s e aga i nst th e
e r

Prussi ans whil e m easuri ng th e gr o u nd in fro nt o f a fo tifica

,
r

ti o n a cann n b all am e agai nst h im with th e fo r e with

, o -
c ,
c

whi ch canno n b alls in th at d ay did c m and kill ed h im d ead

'

-
o e,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

on
‘
th esp o t H ow m any i nstance s of this k ind w o uld yo u
.

d e m and to pr ov e th at h e d id co m e to an u ntim ely e nd ? One

o f th e ships was l aid up thr ee years in th e ice duri ng whi ch ,

tim e h e t o ld us Sum m er cam e and w ent freq u ently This

, ,
.
”
,

I th ink was th e m ost r em ark abl e ph eno m eno n h e m enti oned

,

in th e wh o l e l ect u r e and g av e m e q u it e a new id ea o f th o s e

,

regi o ns .

K ET
S CH FR OM ST. L E ON A RD ’
S C ON C E RT R
-
O OM.

On Tu esd ay I w ent to a co ncert at St L eo nard s On th e .

’
.

fro nt s eat sat a y o uth ab o ut tw elv e y ears f age o f wh o m th e o ,

e ncl o s e d is a t o l e rably accu ra t e sk e t ch H e r eally w as I thi nk

.
, ,

th e ugli e st b o y I e v e r saw I wish I co uld get an o pp o rtu nity

.

o f ph o t o gr aphi ng him .

Th e fo ll o w i ng no t e o ccu rs in h i s J o u r na l fo r
Ma y 6t h
G E RG E
O D
MA C ON A L D AN D H I S D U G TER
A H I
L L Y
rr ll )
.

(F r m
o a pho tog r
aph by Lewis Ca o .
 THE L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF L E I VI S CA RROLL 85

’
l i k e H a ll am T e nn ys o n s w as th e m i s e r y o f h i s
,

l i fe H i s fi nal a rg u m e nt w as t h at a m arbl e h ead

.

’ ’
co u ld n t sp e a k and a s I co u ld n t co n v i nce e i t h e r
,

t h at h e w o u ld b e a ll th e b e t t e r fo r t h at I g a v e ,

I II .

In N o v e mb e r h e
g av e a l e ctu r e a t a m ee t i ng
o f th e A sh m o l e a n S o ci e t W h e r e d o e s th e
“
on
y
”
Day b e g i n ? Th e pr o bl e m w h i ch w as o ne h e ,

w as v e r y fo nd o f pr o p o u nd i ng m ay b e t h u s ,

s t a t e d : I f a m an co u ld t rav e l r o u nd th e w o rld
s o fas t t h a t t h e s u n w o u ld b e al w ays d i r e ct l y
a b o v e h i s h ead a nd i f h e w e r e t o s tar t t r a v e ll i ng
,

a t m i dd a y o n T u e sd a t h e n in t w e n t fo u r h o u rs -
y , y
h e w o u ld r e t u r n t o h i s o r i g i nal p o i nt o f d e p a r t u r e ,

and w o u ld fi nd t h at t h e d ay w as no w ca ll e d
W e d ne sd ay at w h a t p o i nt o f h is j o u r ney w o u l d
—

th e d ay ch a ng e it s na m e ? Th e d i ffi cu l t y o f
a ns w e r i ng t h i s app ar e nt l y s i mpl e q u e s t i o n h as
ca s t a gl o o m o v e r m a ny a pl e a s a nt p a r t y .

O n D e ce mb e r 1 2 t h h e w r o t e in h is D ia r y

Visit Qu een to Oxfo rd to th e great surpris e o f eve ry

o f th e ,

b ody as it h ad b een k ept a s ecre t up to th e t im e Sh e arr iv ed

,
.

in Christ Ch u r ch ab o ut tw el ve and cam e i nt o H all with th e

D ean where th e C o llectio ns were still go ing on ab o ut a
,

, ,

d o z en m en b ei ng in H all Th e party co nsist ed o f th e Qu een

.
,

Prince A lb ert Pri nce ss A li ce and h e i nt end ed husb and th e

r

Pri nce o f H ess e D armst adt th e Pri nce o f Wal es Pri nce
, ,

-
, ,
8 6 TH E LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF L E WI S CA RROLL
'

A lfred suit e Th ey r e m ained a mi nut e o r two l o ok ing

and

at th e pi ct u r e s and th e Su b D ean was pr e s e nt e d

.
,

,
th ey th en
-
:

visit ed th e C ath edral and L ibrary E v eni ng ent ertai nm ent at

th e D eane ry ta blea u x viva nts
.

,
I went a littl e aft e r h alf p ast
.
-

e ight and fo u nd a gr eat p ar ty ass e mbl e d — th e Pri nce h ad no t

,

y e t co m e H e arriv.e d b e fo r e n i ne a nd I fo u nd an o pp o rtu nity ,

o f r e mi ndi ng G ene ral B ru ce o f his pr o mis e to i ntr o du ce m e to

th e Pri nce whi ch h e d id at th e ne xt br eak in th e co nv e rs ati o n

,

H R H was h oldi ng w ith M s Fell owe s

. . . H e sh o o k h ands v e ry
r . .

gr aci o u sly and I b egan with a s o rt o f ap ol ogy fo r h avi ng b een so

,

imp o rtu nat e ab o ut th e ph o t o graph H e said s o m e thi ng o f th e .

weath e r b ei ng ag ai nst it and I ask e d if th e A m e ri can s h ad

,

vi ctimis e d h im mu ch as a sitt e r h e s aid th ey h ad but h e did ,

no t thi nk th e y h ad su ccee d e d w ell and I t o ld him o f th e ,

ne w A m e ri can pr o ce ss o f taki ng tw e lv e th o us and ph o t o

graphs in an h o u r E dith L idd ell co mi ng by at th e m o m ent
.
,

I r e m ark e d o n th e b eautiful ta blea u whi ch th e childr e n

might m ak e h e ass ent ed and als o s aid in ans wer to my
: , ,

qu e sti on th at h e h ad s een and admire d my ph o t ographs o f

,

th em I th en said th at I h o p ed as I h ad miss ed th e
. ,

ph o t ograph h e wo uld at l east g ive m e his aut o graph in my

,

album whi ch h e pr o mis e d to d o

,
Thi nki ng I h ad b ett e r bri ng
.

th e talk to an e nd I co nclud e d by s ay ing th at if h e wo uld

, ,

l ik e co pi e s o f any o f my ph o t ographs I sh o uld feel h o no ure d ,

b y his acce pti ng th e m ; h e th ank e d m e fo r th is and I th en ,

drew b ack as h e d id no t s ee m i ncli ned to pursu e th e co nve r

,

s ati o n .

A fe w d a ys a ft e r w a r d s t h e P r i nce g a v e h i m h i s
a u t o gr a ph a nd a ls o ch o s e a d o z e n o r s o o f h i s
,

ph o t o graphs .
 C H APTE R I I I

(1 8 61 — 1 8 67)

J owett I ndex to I n Mem o ri am I h e T e nnys o ns Th e ’

— “ —
‘
—

b egi nni ng o f A li ce Tenni el A rtisti c fri ends A li ce s

— — — “ ’

A dv ent u r e s in W o nd e rl and B ru no s R eveng e

’

T o u r with D r L idd o n C o l o g ne B erli nar chit ectur e

.
— —

Th e “
Maj e sty o f Justi ce P et erh o f M o s cow A
”— —

R u ssi an w e ddi ng — N ij ni — Th e T o itsk a Mo nast e ry r

Hi eroglyphi c writi ng Gi e ss en — .

T is my a im in t h i s M e m o i r t o le t M r D o dgs o n .

t e ll h i s o w n s t o r y a s m u ch a s p o ss i bl e In .

o rd e r t o e ffe ct t h i s o bj e ct I h a v e dr a w n

l a rg e l y u p o n h i s D i a ry and co rr e sp o nd e nce V e r y .

fe w m e n h av e l e ft b e h i nd t h e m s u ch co p i ou s
i nfo rm a t i o n a b o u t t h e i r l i v e s as h e h as ; u nfo r
t u nate ly it i s no t e q u all y co p i o u s t hr o u gh o u t and ,

t h i s fact m u s t b e m y ap o l o g y fo r th e s o m e w h a t
h aph a z a rd and d i s co nn ect e d w ay i n w h i ch p ar t s
o f t h i s b o o k ar e w r i t t e n Th a t i t i s t h e b e s t
.

w h i ch u nd e r t h e ci r cu ms tan ce s I h av e b e e n a bl e
, ,

89
90 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

to do ds I h o p e no s ayi ng b u t th e ci rcu m
nee , , ,

s t ance s h av e at t i m e s b e e n t o o s t r o ng fo r m e .

Th o u gh in l a t e r years M r D o dgs o n al m o s t .

g a v e u p th e h a b i t o f d i ni ng o u t a t t h i s t i m e o f ,

h i s l i fe h e u s ed to d o it pre t t y fr e q u e n t l y and ,

s e v e ral o f th e no t e s in h i s D i a ry r e fe r t o aft e r
d i nne r a nd C o mm o n R o o m s t o r i e s Th e t w o .

fo ll o w i ng e x t r a ct s w i ll sh o w t h e s o r t o f fa ct s h e
r e co rd e d

7 a nu a ry 2 , 1 8 61 .
— Mr
Grey (Cano n) cam e to di ne and
.

st ay th e night H e t o ld m e a curi o us o ld cust o m o f mill ers

.
,

th at th ey pl ace th e sails o f t h e mill as a Sai nt A ndrew s Cro ss ’

wh en w o rk is entirely suspend ed thus but in an upright

,

cro ss thus if th e y a e j ust g o i ng to r e sum e wo rk

r H e als o
m ent io ned th at h e was at s ch o o l with D r Te nnys o n (fath er o f
.
,

th e p o e t ) and was a gre at fav o u rit e o f h is

,
H e r e m e m b e rs .

th at Te nnys o n us ed to d o h is s ch o o l transl ati o ns in rhym e

-
.

Ma v 9th .Me t in C o mm o n R o o m R ev C F K night and

— . . .
,

th e F J P ark e r b o th o f B o st o n U S
. .
, Th e fo rm e r ,
.

gav e an amusi ng accou nt o f h av ing s een Oliv e r Wend ell

H o lm s in a fi sh m o nger s l ecturi ng ex te npO e o n th e h ead o f
e
’
,
i I

a fr e shly kill e d turtl e wh o s e e y e s and j a ws still sh o w e d mus cul ar

,

acti o n th e l ectur e o f co urs e b e i ng all cram but accepted as ”

: ,

s o b e r ear ne st by th e m o b o utsid e .

Old O xfo rd m e n w i ll r e m e mb e r th e co n t ro
v e r s i e s t h a t r ag e d fr o m a b o u t 1 8 60 o nw a rds o v e r

th e o p i ni o ns o f t h e l a t e D r J owe t t I n my . .

t i m e th e na m e J o w e t t o nl y re pre s e nt e d th e
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE R S OF ‘

s i s t e rs w as p u bl i s h e d b y M o x o n T e nnys o n h a d
, .

g i v e n h i s co ns e nt and th e l i t t l e b o o k pr o v e d to b e
,

ver u s e fu l t o h i s a dm i r e rs
y .

On J a nu a ry 2 7th M o r ni ng Pr aye r w as fo r t h e
fi rs t t i m e r e a d in E ngl i sh at th e Chr i s t C h u r ch
C o ll e g e S e r v i ce O n th e s am e d ay M r D o dgs o n
. .

m o v e d o v e r i nt o ne w r o o ms as t h e p a r t o f th e ,

C o ll e g e w h e r e h e h a d fo rm e rl y l i v e d (Ch a pl a i n s ’

Q u a dr a n gl e
) w a s t o b e p u ll e d d o w n .

D u r i ng th e E as t e r Va ca t i o n h e p a i d a no t h e r
v i s i t to th e T e nnys o ns w h i ch h e d e s cr i b e s as
,

fo ll o w s
A fte r lu nch eo n I w ent to th e Te nnys o ns and go t H all am ,

and L i o nel to sig n th e ir nam e s in my album A ls o I m ad e a.

b arg ai n with L i o nel th at h e was to giv e m e s o m e M S o f his

, .

ve rs e s and I was to s end him s o m e o f mi ne I t was a v e ry

,
.

d ifli cu lt b argai n to m ak e ; I alm o st d esp air ed o f it at first h e ,

put in so m any co nditi o ns first I was to pl ay a gam e o f ch e ss

—
,

with him ; this with mu ch di ffi culty was r edu ce d to t wel ve

, ,

m o v e s o n each sid e but this m ad e littl e d iffere nce as I ch eck ,

m at ed him at th e s ixth m ov e Seco nd h e was to b e all o w e d

.
,

to gi ve m e o ne bl o w o n th e h e ad with a m all e t (this h e at l ast

co ns e nt e d to giv e up ) .I fo rg e t if th e r e w e r e o th e rs but it ,

e nd e d in my g e tti ng t h e v e rs e s fo whi ch I h av e wr itt en o u t

,
r
“
Th e L o nely Mo o r fo him r .

M r D o dgs o n t o o k a gre at i nt e r e s t in o ccu l t

.

ph e no m e na and w as fo r s o m e t i m e an e nt h u s i as t i c
,

m e mb e r o f th e P sych i cal S o ci e t y I t was h is .

 L E WI S CA RR OL L
'

93

i nt e r e s t in gh o s t s t h a t le d to h is m ee t i ng w i t h
th e a r t i s t M r H e aph y w h o h ad p a i nt e d a
.
,

p i ct u r e o f a gh o s t w h i ch h e h i m s e l f h ad s e e n .

I q u o t e th e fo ll o w i ng fr o m a l e t t e r t o h i s s i s t e r
M ary :

D uri g my l ast visit to t o wn I p aid a v e ry i nt e re sti ng visit

n ,

t o a new artist M H eaphy Do yo u re m e mb er th at curi o us

,
r. .

st o ry o f a gh o st l ad y (in H ou seh old Wor ds o r A ll th e Y ea r

Rou nd ) wh o sat to an artist fo r h er pi ct u r e it was call e d

,
M r.

H s St o ry and h e was th e writ e r H e r ece ive d m e m o st

’
. .
,

ki ndly and we h ad a very i nt ere sti ng t alk ab o ut th e gh o st

, ,

whi ch certai nly is o ne o f th e m o st curi o us and i nexpli cabl e

st o rie s I ev er h eard H e sh o wed m e h e r pi cture (life siz e)
.
,

and sh e must h av e b een v ery l o v ely if it is lik e h er (o r lik e it , ,

whi ch ev er is th e co rrect pro no u n) Mr H eaphy sh o we d . .

m e a m o st i nt e r e sti ng co ll ecti o n o f drawi ngs h e h as m ad e

abr o ad ; h e h as b ee n ab o ut hu nti ng up th e earli e st and m o st
,

auth enti c pi ctur e s o f o u r Savi o ur s o m e m e r ely o utli ne s s o m e , ,

co l o ur e d pi ctur e s Th ey agree wo nd erfully in th e ch aract e r o f

.

th e face and o ne h e s ays th e r e is no d o ubt was d o ne b e fo r e

, , ,
.

th e y ear 1 5 I feel sur e fr o m his t o ne th at h e is d o i ng

0.

th is in a r elig io us spirit and no t m er ely as an artist

, .

On J u l y 4 1 8 6 2 t h e r e i s a V e r y i mp o r ta nt
, ,

e nt r
y : I m a
“
d e a n e xp e d i t i o n u
p t h e r i v e r t o

G o ds t o w w i t h t h e t hr e e L idde lls w e h ad tea o n

t h e b a nk t h e r e a nd d i d no t r e a ch Chr i s t Ch u r ch
,

t i ll h al f p as t e i gh t
-
.

O n th e o pp o s i t e p ag e h e a dd e d s o m e w h a t l a t e r , ,

O n w h i ch o cca s i o n I t o ld t h e m th e fa i r y t a l e o f -
 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

’ ’
‘
A l i ce s A d v e ntu r e s U nd e rgr o u nd w h i ch I u nd e r,

t o o k t o w r i t e o u t fo r A l i ce .

Th e s e w o rds nee d t o b e s u ppl e m e nt e d b y t h e

v e rs e s w i t h w h i ch h e pr e face d th e W o nd e r
l a nd

LO RINA, IE AN D ED IT I DDE L L.

r ll )
AL C , H L

(F r m
o a ph o togr aph by L ew i s Ca r o .

All in th e g o ld en aft erno o n

Full l eisurely we glid e
F o b o th o u r o ars with littl e skill
r , ,

B y littl e arms ar e pli e d ,

W hil e littl e h ands m ak e vai n pr e t e nce

Ou r wand e ri ngs to guid e .

Ah , r l Three I n su ch an h o u r
c ue ,

B e neath s u ch dr eamy weath e r ,

 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

h a s g i ve n an a cco u nt of th e s ce ne fr o m
, w h i ch

w h a t fo ll o w s i s q u o te d

Mo st of Mr . D
dgs o n s st o ri e s w ere t o ld to us o n riv er
o
’

e xp editi o n s to N u ne h am o r G o dst o w nea r Oxfo rd My eld e st ,

.

sist er now Mr s Skene was Pri ma I was Secu nd a and

, .
,
“
,
”
,
”

“
Te rti a was my sist e r E dith I b eli eve th e b eginni ng o f
”
.

A li ce was told o ne summ e r aft er no o n w h en th e su n was so

” '

bu r ni ng that we h ad l and ed in th e m ead ows d o w n th e river ,

d es erti ng th e b oat to t ak e r e fuge in th e o nly b it o f sh ad e to b e

fo u nd whi ch was u nd e r a new m ad e h ayrick H ere fro m all
,
-
.

three ca m e th e o ld p etiti o n of Te ll us a st o ry and so b egan ,

th e e ve r d e lightful t al e So m etim e s to t ea s e u s— and p e rh aps

“

b ei ng really tire d Mr D o dgs o n wo ul d st o p sudd e nly and

.

— .

A nd th at s all till next tim e A h but it is next tim e

“ ’ ”
say ,
.
, ,

wo uld b e th e e x cl am ati o n fr o m all thr ee and aft e r s o m e p e r

s ua si o n th e st o ry wo uld star t afresh An o th e r day p erh aps

D o dgs on in th e
.
, ,

th e st o ry wo uld b e gin in th e b o at and M ,

r. ,

middl e o f t elli ng a thrilli ng adventur e wo uld pre tend to go fast ,

asl ee p to o u
, gr eat dis m ay
r .

A l i ce s A d ve nt u r e s U nd e rgr o u nd w as t h e
’

o r i g i nal na m e o f t h e s t o r l a t e r o n i t b e ca m e
y ;
’
“
A l i ce s H o u r in E lfl and I t w as no t u n ti l .

u ne 18 1 8 64
,
t h at h e fi nall y d e ci d e d u p o n
,

Th e
’
A l i ce s A d v e nt u r e s in W o nd e rl and .

i ll u s t ra t in g o f th e m anu s cr i p t b o o k g a v e h i m
s o m e t ro u bl e H e h ad t o b o rr o w a
. N at u ral “

H i s t o r y fr o m th e D e a ne r y to l ea r n th e co rr e ct
sh ap e s o f s o m e o f th e s t ra ng e a ni m al s w i t h w h i ch
A l i ce co nv e rs e d ; th e M o ck T u r t l e h e m u s t h a v e
 L E WI S CARROL L 97

l d
evo v e ou t of h i s i nne r co ns ci o u s ne ss fo r i t is , ,

I t h i nk , a sp e ci e s u n k no w n t o na t u r al i s t s .

H e w as l u ck y e no u gh d u r i ng t h e co u rs e o f t h e
. .

y e a r t o see a ce r e m o n
y w h i ch i s d e ni e d t o m o s t

O xfo rd m e n W h e n d egre es ar e g i v e n any

.
,

t ra d e sm an w h o h a s b een u nabl e t o ge t h i s d u e

fr o m an u nd e rgra d u at e a b o u t to b e m ad e a
B ach e l o r o f A r t s i s all o w e d b y cu s t o m to pl u ck, ,

’
t h e P r o ct o r s g o w n a s h e p a ss e s and t h e n t o
,

m ak e h i s co mpl a i nt Th i s law i s m o r e h o no u r e d
.

in th e br each t h a nin th e o b se r v a nce ; b u t o n t h e

e
,
'
’
o cca s io n o f t h i s v i s i t o f M r D o dgs o n s to C o n
.

v o ca t i o n t h e Pr o ct o r s g o w n w a s a ct u all y pl u ck e d
’

— o n a cco u nt o f a n u nfo r t u na t e m an w h o h a d

go ne th ro u gh t h e B an kr u p tcy C o u r t .

W h en h e p ro m i s e d to wr i t e o u t A l i ce fo r “

M i ss L i dd e ll h e b ad no i d e a o f p u bl i ca ti o n b u t
'

h i s fr i e nd M r G eo rg e M acd o nald to w h o m h e
, .
,

h ad sh o w n th e s t o ry p e rs u ad e d h i m t o s u bm i t i t
,

t o a p u bl i sh e r M e ssrs M a cm i ll a n agr ee d to
. .

pr o d u ce it a nd a s M r D o dgs o n h ad no t su ffi
, .

ci e nt fai t h in h i s o w n a r t i s t i c p o w e rs t o v e n t u r e

t o a ll o w h i s i ll u s t ra t i o ns to a pp e a r i t w as ne ce s ,

sa r t o fi nd s o m e a r ti s t w h o w o u ld nd r t a k
y u e e

t h e w o rk B y t h e a d v i ce o f To m T a yl o r h e
a ppr o ach e d M r T e nni el w h o w as fo r t u na t el y
.
,

8
 GE RGE
O MAC D ON A L D
ll )
.

(F r m
o a r
ph otog aph by L ewis Ca rr
o .
1 00 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

lau gh ed bu t l o ok ed astonish ed and s aid My d ear Madam

m y nam e is D o dgs o n and A li ce s A dv enture s was writt en
, , , ,
‘ ’ ’
,

b y L ewis C arr o ll I r e pli e d Th en yo u must h ave b o rro wed

” “
.
,

th e nam e fo r o nly h e co uld h av e t o ld a st o ry as yo u ha v e j ust

,

I SAN T.

ll )
.

Fr m
( o a r
ph otog aph by L ewi s Ca r
ro .

d o ne A ft er a littl e sp arri ng h e admitt e d th e fact and I

.
”
,

went h o m e and pr o u dly t o ld my sist er and br o th e r h ow m y

geni u s h ad tu ned o u t a great e r o ne th an I exp ect e d Th ey
r ‘
.

a ss u r e d m e I m u st b e mist ak en and th at as I h ad s u gg e st e d
, ,

it to him h e h ad t ak en ad vantage o f th e id ea and said h e was

, ,
 LE WI S CA RROL L 101

wh at I w ant e d him to b e A few d ays aft er s o m e friends

.

cam e to Whitby wh o k new h is au nts and co nfirm ed th e truth ,

o f his st at e m ent and thus I m ad e th e acqu ai nt ance

, f o ne o

wh o s e fri endship h as b een th e s o ur ce o f gr eat pl easur e fo r

nearly thirty y ears H e h as m o st g ener o usly s ent us all h is
.

b oo ks with ki nd i ns cripti o ns to M i nni e and Do e wh o m

, ,
“
,
”

h e ph o t o graph ed b u t wo uld no t t ak e C ano n B enni e o r m e ;

,

h e s aid h e nev e r t o o k p o rtraits o f p eo pl e o f m o r e th an s ev en

t een y ears of age u ntil th ey we r e s eventy H e visit ed us and .
,

we o ft en m et h im at E astb o ur ne and h is d eath was i nd ee d a

,

gr eat l o ss aft e r so m any happy y ears o f fri endship with o ne we

so gr e atly admir e d and l o v e d .

He sp e nt a p ar t o f th e L o ng V a ca ti o n at F r e sh
w a t e r t a k i ng gr e a t i nt e r e s t in t h e ch i ldr e n w h o
, ,

fo r h i m w e r e t h e ch i e f a t t ra ct i o n o f t h e s e a s i d e
, .

very m o rni ng fou r littl e children dre ss ed in y ell o w go by

E
fr o m th e fro nt d o wn to th e b each th ey go by in a stat e o f great
:

e x cit e m ent brandishi ng wo o d en spad es and m aki ng strang e

, ,

no is e s ; fr o m th at m o m ent th e y dis app ear e ntir ely th ey ar e —

nev e r to b e s ee n on th e b each Th e o nly th eo ry I can fo rm

.

is th at th ey all tumbl e i nt o a h o l e s o m ewh e re and co nti nu e

, ,

e x cavati ng th e r e i n duri ng th e d ay h o wever that m ay b e I h av e

: ,

o nce o r twi ce co m e acr o ss th e m r e t u r ni ng at night in ex actly ,

th e s am e st at e o f e x cit e m e nt and s ee mi ngly in quit e as gr eat

,

a hurry to ge t h o m e as th ey we r e b e fo r e to get o u t Th e .

ev eni ng no is e s th ey m ak e s o u nd to m e v e ry mu ch lik e th e

m o rni ng no is e s but I supp o s e th ey ar e differ ent to th em and

, ,

co nt ai n an acco u nt o f th e d ay s achi ev e m ents

’
.

H i s e nt h u s i asm fo r ph o t o graph y a nd h i s k e e n ,

a ppreciat i o n o f th e b eau t i fu l m ad e h i m pr e fe r th e ,
1 02 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CARROL L

s o ci e t y o f a r t i s t s t o t h at o f any o t h e r cla ss o f
p e o pl e H e k ne w t h e R o ss e t t i s in t i m a t e l y a nd
.
,

h i s D i ar y sh o w s h i m t o h av e b ee n a cq u a i nt e d
w i t h M i ll a i s H o l m a n H u nt S a nt W e s t m a co tt
, , , ,

Va l P r ins ep W a t t s a nd a h o s t o f o t h e rs A r t h u r
, , .

H u gh e s p a i nte d a ch arm i ng p i ct u r e to h i s o rd e r
e L a d y w i t h t h e L i l acs ) w h i ch u s e d t o h ang
”

(
“
T h
in h i s r o o ms a t Ch r i s t C h u r ch Th e A nd e r s o ns .

w e r e gr e at fr i e nds o f h i s M rs A nd e rs o n b e i ng
, .

o ne o f h i s fa v o u r i te ch i ld p a i nt e rs Th o s e w h o
-
.

h a v e v i s i t e d h i m at Oxfo rd w i ll r e m e mb e r a
’
b eau t i fu l g i rl s h e ad p a i nt e d b y h e r fro m a r o u gh
,

s k e t ch s h e h ad o nce m a d e in a r a i l w a ca rr i ag e
y
o f a ch i ld w h o h a pp e ne d t o b e s i t t i ng o pp o s i t e

h er .

H i s o w n dra w i ngs w e r e in no w ay r e m a rk abl e .

R u sk i n w h o se a d v i ce h e t o o k o n h i s a r t i s t i c
,

ca p ab i l i t i e s t o ld h i m t h a t h e h ad no t e no u gh
,

t al e nt t o m a k e i t w o r t h h is w h i l e t o d e v o t e m u ch
t i m e t o sk e t ch i ng b u t e v e r y o ne w h o saw h i s
,

ph o t o gra phs adm i r e d t h e m C o ns i d e r i ng t h e

.

”
d i ffi cu l ti e s o f th e w e t pr o ce s s a nd th e fact
“
,

t h a t h e h ad a co ns ci e nt i o u s h o rr o r o f t o u ch i ng “

u
p h i s n e g at i v e s t h e p i c t u r e s h e pr o d u ce d a r e
,

q u i t e w o nd e rfu l S o m e o f t h e m w e r e sh o w n t o
.

t h e Q u ee n w h o s a i d t h a t sh e a dm i r e d t h e m v e r y
,
1 04 TH E LI FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OL L

m u ch a nd t h at t h ey w e r e s u ch as th e Pr i nce
,

w o u ld h a v e a ppr e ci a t e d v e r y h i ghl y a nd ta k e n ,

”
m u ch pl e as u r e I n .

O n J u l y 4 1 8 6 5 , e x a ct l y t h r e e ye a rs a ft e r th e
,

m e m o rabl e r o w u p t h e r i v e r M i ss A l i ce L i dd e ll
,

’
r e ce i ve d t h e firs t pr e s e nt a t i o n co p y o f A l i ce s “

A d v e nt u r e s i n Wo n d e rl a nd ; t h e s e co nd w as ”

s e nt t o Pr i nce ss B e at r i ce .

Th e firs t e d i t i o n w h i ch co ns i s t e d o f t w o
,

t h o u s a nd co p i e s w as co n d e m ne d b y b o t h au t h o r
,

an d i ll u s t rat o r fo r t h e p i ct u r e s d i d no t co m e o u t
,

w e ll . A ll p u r ch a s e rs w e r e a cco rd i ngl y a sk e d to
r e t u r n t h e i r co p i e s a nd t o s e nd t h e i r na m e s and
,
’

a ddr e ss e s ; a ne w e d i t i o n w as pr epa r e d and ,

d i s t r i b u t e d to t h o s e w h o h a d s e nt b ack t h e i r o ld
co p i e s ,
w h i ch t h e a u t h o r g a v e a w ay t o v a r i o u s
h o m e s and h o sp i ta ls Th e s u bs t i t u t e d e d i ti o n
.

w a s a co mpl e t e s u cce ss a p e rfe ct p i e ce o f

'

”
a r t i s t i c pr i nt i n g a s M r D o dgs o n ca ll e d it H e
, . .

h a rdl y d a re d t o h o p e t h at m o r e t h an t wo t h o u
s a nd co p i e s w o u ld b e s o ld and an t i ci p a t e d a ,

co n s i d e r a bl e l o ss o v e r t h e b o o k H i s s u rpr i s e .

w as gr e a t w h e n e d i t i o n a ft e r e d i t i o n w as d e
”
m ande d a nd w h e n h e fo u nd t h at
, A l i ce far “
,

fr o m b e i ng a m o n e t a r y fa i l u re w as br i ng i ng h i m ,

i n a v e r y co n s i d e ra bl e i nco m e e v e r y yea r .
 SI R J O H N I I
M LLA S
rr ll )
.

F
( m
or a ph o tograph by L ew is Ca o .
106 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

’
A r o u gh co mp ar i s o n b e t w e e n A l i ce s A d ve n
“

t u r e s U nd e rgr o u nd a nd t h e b o o k in i t s co m
p le t e d fo rm sh o ,w s h o w sl i gh t w e r e t h e a l t e r a t i o n s
t h a t L e w i s C a rr o ll t h o u gh t it nece ss a r y to m a k e .

”
Th e “
W o nd e rl and i s s o m e w h at l o nge r b u t ,

t h e g e ne ral pl a n o f th e b o o k a nd t h e s i mpl i ci t y
,

o f d i c t i o n w h i ch i s o ne o f its pr i nci p al ch a rms

, ,

a r e u nch a ng e d H i s m e m o r y w as so g o o d t h a t
.

I b e l i e v e t h e s t o ry as h e w r o t e it d o w n w as
a l m o s t w o rd fo r w o rd t h e s a m e t h a t h e h a d t o ld

i n th e b o at Th e w h o l e i d e a ca m e l i k e a n insp i
.

ra t i o n i nt o h i s m i nd and t h at s o r t o f i nsp i ra t i o n
,

d o e s no t o ft e n co m e m o re t h a n o nce in a l i fe t i m e .

N o t h i ng w h i ch h e w r o t e a ft e r w a rds h ad a ny
t h i ng l i k e t h e s a m e a m o u n t o f fr e sh ne ss o f w it o f
, ,

r eal g e n i u s Th e L o o k i ng G l ass m o s t cl o s el y
.
-

appr o a ch e d i t in t h e s e q u a l i t i e s b u t t h e n i t w as
,

o nl
y t h e fo l l o w i n g o u t o f th e s ame i d e a . T h e

m o s t i ng e nu o u s co mp ar i s o n o f th e t w o b o o ks I
h a ve s ee n w as th e a ns w e r o f a l i t t l e g i rl w h o m
L e w i s C a rro l l h ad ask e d i f sh e h ad re ad t h e m :
’
Oh ye s I v e r e a d b o t h o f t h e m a nd I t h i nk
, , ,

( t h i s m o re sl o w l y a nd t h o u gh t fu ll y
) I t h i nk
“

‘
Thro u gh t h e L o o k i ng G l ass i s m o r e s t u p i d t h a n
-
’

’ ’ ”
‘
’
A l i ce s A d v e nt u r e s . D o n t yo u t h i nk so ?
Th e cr i t i cs w e r e l o u d in t h e i r pr a i s e s o f
108 TH E LI FE A N D L ETTERS OF

Ch a rl o t t e M Y o nge w h o s e no v e l s h ad l o n g
. ,

d el i gh t e d h i m I t w as a pl e a s u re I h a d l o ng
.
“

h o p e d fo r h e s ays
,
and I was v e r y m u ch
,
“

C M Y ON GE
ll )
. . .

(F r om a ph otogr aph by L ew is Ca r
ro .

pl ea s e d w i t h h e r ch e e rfu l and e a s y m a rs th e nne —

s o r t o f p e rs o n o ne k no w s i n a few m i nu te s a s w e ll
”
a s m a ny in m a n y ye a rs .

’ ’

I n 1 8 67 h e co nt r i b u t e d a s t o ry t o A u nt j u ay s
 L E WI S CA RROLL 1 09

M agaz ine call e d B r u no s R e v e ng e th e ch arm

“ ’

ing l i t t l e i d yll o u t o f w h i ch S yl v i e an d B r u no
gr e w Th e cr ea ti on o f B ru n o w as th e o nl y act
.

o f h o m ag e L e w i s C a rr o ll e v e r p ai d t o b o n at u re -
y ,

fo r w h i ch a s a r u l e h e pr o fe ss e d an a ve rs i o n
, ,

alm o s t a m o u nt i ng t o t e rr o r N e v e r t h el e ss o n.
,

th e fe w o cca s i o ns o n w h i ch I h a v e s e e n h i m in

t h e co mp a ny o f b o ys h e s ee m e d t o b e t h o r o u ghl y
,

at h i s e a s e t el l i ng t h e m s t o r i e s an d sh o w i ng t h e m
,

pu z z l es .

’
I g i ve an e x t r a ct fro m M rs G atty s l e t t e r .
,

ack no w l e dg i ng t h e r e ce i p t o f B r u n o s R e v e ng e “ ’

fo r h er m ag a z i ne

I nee d h ardly t ell you that th e st o ry is d eliciou s I t is .

b eautiful and fantasti c and childlik e and I cannot su fli ciently ,

thank you I am so pr ou d fo r A u nt yu dy th at yo u hav e

.

h o nou red h er by s endi ng it h e r e rath er than to th e Cor n/

,
t ill ,

o r o ne o f th e g r and e r Magazi ne s .

To m o rr o w I sh all s end th e Manus cript to L ond o n pr o b ably

-

t o day I k eep it to enj o y a littl e furth e r and that th e y ou ng ,

l adi es m ay d o so to o One wo rd m o re Mak e this one o f a

. .

s eri es Y o u m ay h ave gr eat m ath e m ati cal abiliti e s but so

.
,

h av e hu ndreds o f o th ers This tal ent is p ecu liarly y ou r o wn

.
,

and as an E nglishm an o u ar e alm o st u niqu e in p o ss essi ng it

y .

I f yo u co v e t fam e th er e fo r e it will b e (I thi nk ) gai ned by

, ,

this So m e o f th e t ou ch e s ar e so e xquisit e o ne wo uld h ave

.
‘

th ou ght no thi ng sh ort o f int er co urs e with fairi e s co u ld h av e

pu t th e m i nt o yo u r h ead .

So m e w h e r e a bo u t th i s t i m e h e w as i nv i t e d to
 THE LI FE AND L ETTERS OF

’
w i t ne ss a r eh ea rs al o f a ch i ldr e n s pl ay at a
Lo nd o n t h ea t re A s h e sat in th e w i ngs ch a t
.
,

t i ng to t h e m anag e r a l i t t l e fo u r yea r o ld g i rl
,
- -
,

o ne o f t h e p e rfo r m e rs cl i mb e d u
, p o n h i s k nee ,

a nd b eg a n t al k i ng t o h i m Sh e w as v e r y a nx i o u s
.

t o b e a ll o w e d t o pl ay th e pr i nci p a l p a r t (M rs .

M i t e ) w h i ch h ad b ee n a ss i g ne d to s o m e o t h e r
,

”
ch i ld.
“
I w i s h I m i gh t aCt M rs M i t e sh e .
,

s ai d ; I k no w all h e r p a r t a nd I d ge t an encor e
,
’

fo r e v e r y w o rd .

D u r i ng th e ye a r h e p u bl i sh e d h i s b o o k o n
D e t e rm i nant s . To t h o s e a ccu s t o m e d t o r ega rd
m a t h e m at i cs as th e dr i e s t o f d r y s u bj ect s and ,

m at h e m a ti cia ns as n ece s s a r i l y d e vo i d o f h u m o u r ,

i t s ee ms s ca r ce l y cr e d i bl e t h at A n E l e m e nta r y
“

Tr ea t i s e o n D e t e rm i nant s and A l i ce i n VVo n

,
” “

d e r land w e r e w r i t t e n b y t h e s a m e a u t h o r and it ,

ca m e q u i t e a s a r e v e l at i o n t o t h e u nd e rgr ad u a t e

w h o h ea rd fo r t h e firs t t i m e t h a t M r D o dgs o n o f .

Chr i s t Ch u r ch a nd L e w i s C a rr o ll w e r e i d ent i ca l .

Th e b o o k i n q u e s t i o n a dm i r a bl e a s i t i s in
,

m a ny w ays h as no t co m m a nd e d a l a rg e s al e
, .

Th e na t u r e o f th e s u bj e ct w o u ld b e ag a i ns t i t ,

a s m o s t s t u d e nt s w h o se a im i s to ge t a s go o d a
pl ace as p o s s i bl e in t h e cl a ss l i s t s ca nno t a ffo rd
t h e l u x u r y o f a s e p a r a t e w o rk a nd h a v e t o b e
,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

o t h e rs m i gh t b e i nt e r es t e d in h i s i mpr e ss i o n s a nd
e xp e r i e nce s
,
t h o u gh h e ne v e r act u all y t o o k a ny
s t eps t o w ards p u t t i ng t h e m b e fo r e t h e p u bl i c .

DR . L I DDON .

I F r om a ph otogr aph by L ewis Ca rr ll )

o .

P e rh aps h e was w i s e fo r a t r a vell e r s d i ar y

,
’

a l w a s co n t a i ns m u ch i nfo rm a t i o n t h at can b e
y
o b ta i ne d j u s t a s w ell fr o m a n g i d b k I n
y u -
e o o .
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 113

th e e
'

x t ract s w h i ch I r e pr o d u ce h e r e I h o p e t h a t ,

I h a v e no t r e t a i ne d a nyt h i ng w h i ch co m e s u nd e r
t h a t ca t eg o r y .

7 h 1t ) 1 2 th .— Th e Sultan
rriv e d in L o nd o n alm o st at
and I a

th e s am e tim e but in d iffe r e nt qu art e rs my p o int o f e ntry b e i ng

’

—
,

P addi ngt o n and h is Chari ng Cro ss I must admit that th e

, .

cr o wd was gr eat e st at th e l att e r pl ace .

M r D o dgs o n and D r L idd o n m e t a t D o v e r

. .
,

a nd p a ss e d t h e ni gh t a t o ne o f t h e h o t e ls t h e r e

7 ul
y 1 br
3 th .
— We
eakfa st ed as agr ee d at eight o ,
at l east , ,
r

we th en sat d o w n and n ibbl e d br ead and butt e r till su ch tim e as

th e ch o ps sh o uld b e d o ne whi ch gr eat e v e nt t o o k pl ace ab o ut
,

half p ast We tri ed p ath eti c app eals to th e wand eri ng w ait ers
-
.
,

wh o t o ld us Th ey a e co mi ng si in a s o o thi ng t o ne and
,
“
r ,
r, ,

we tri ed st e r n r e m o nstrance and th ey th en s aid ,

Th ey a e ,
“
r

co mi ng si in a m o r e i nj ur e d t o ne ; and aft e r all su ch app eals

”
,
r,

th ey r etire d i nt o th eir d ens and h id th e ms elve s b ehi nd sid e

,

b oards and dish co v ers and still th e ch o ps cam e no t We

-
,
.

agr ee d th at o f all virtu e s a w ait e r can displ ay th at o f a r e tiri ng

‘

disp ositi o n is quit e th e l east d esirabl e

Th e p en r e fus e s to d es crib e th e suffe ri ngs o f s o m e o f th e
pass eng e rs duri ng o u r sm oo th trip of ni nety mi nut e s my o wn
s ens ati o ns w ere th o s e o f extre m e surpris e and a littl e i nd ig na ,

ti on at th er e b ei ng no o th er s ens ati o ns it was no t fo r th a t I

,
—

paid my m o ne y .

We l and ed at C al ais in th e usu al swarm o f fri endly nativ e s ,

o ffe ri ng s e rvi ce s and advi ce o f all ki nds to all su ch r e m arks I

r eturned o ne simpl e answ e r N on I I t was pr o b ably no t stri ctly
appl icabl e in all cas e s but it ans w
,

e r e d th e purp o s e o f g e tti ng
,

rid o f th e m ; o ne by o ne th e y l e ft m e ech o i ng th e N on ! in ,

vari o us t o ne s but all expr essiv e o f disgust

, .
i 1
4 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

At C o l o g ne b eg a n th at fe as t o f b e au t i fu l t h i ngs
w h i ch h i s a r t i s t i c t e mp e ra m e nt fi t t e d h i m s o w e ll

t o e nj o y Th o u gh t h e ch u rch e s h e v i s i t e d and
.

th e ce r e m o ni e s h e w i t n e ss e d b e l o nge d to a .
-

r el i g i o u s s ys t e m w i d e l y d i ffe r e nt fro m h i s o w n ,

th e l a rg e ne ss and g e ne ro s i ty o f h i s m i nd a l w ays
’

le d h i m t o i ns i s t u p o n t h at s u bs t r a t u m o f t ru e
d e v o t i o n to u se a fav o u r i t e w o rd o f h i s— w h i ch
—

u nd e rl i e s all fo rms o f Chr i s t i a ni t y .

We sp ent an h o ur in th e cath edral whi ch I will no t att empt ,

to d e s crib e furth e r th an by s ayi ng it was th e m o st b eautifu l o f

all ch u r ch e s I h av e e v e r s ee n o can im agi ne
, I f o ne co u ld
r .

im agine th e spirit o f d ev o ti o n e mb o di e d in any m at eri al fo rm ,

it w o uld b e in su ch a buildi ng .

In sp i te o f all t h e w e al t h o f w o rd s th a t h a s b ee n
e xp e nd e d u p o n G e rm an a r t h e fo u nd s o m e t h i ng
,

ne w to s ay o n t h i s m o s t fe r t i l e s u bj e ct

Th e m o u nt o f ar t l avish ed o n th e wh o l e r egio n of P o tsd am

a

is m arv ell o us s o m e o f th e t o ps o f th e p al ace s w e r e lik e fo r e sts

o f stat u e s a nd th e y w e r e all o v e r th e gar d e ns set o n p ed e stals
, ,
.

I n fact th e two pri ncipl e s o f B e rli n ar chit ectur e app ear t o m e

,

to b e th e s e On th e h o us e t o ps wh e r ev er th e r e is a co n
.
-
,

ve lent pl ace put u p th e figur e o f a m an ; h e is b e st pl aced

u ,

standi ng o n o ne leg Wh e rev er th ere is r o o m o n th e gr o u nd

.
,

put eithe r a circul ar gr o up o f busts o n p ed e stals in consulta ,

t io n all l o oki ng i nwards— o r els e th e co l o ssal figure o f a m an

, .

killi ng ab o ut to kill o h avi ng kill e d (th e pre s ent t ens e is p e

, ,
r r

ferr ed ) a b east ; th e m o re pri cks th e b east h as th e b ette r in ,

—
1 16 TH E L I FE AN D L E T
TE RS OF

sp o nd e nt o f an glish newspap er This s ingul ar b e i ng cam e

En .

o n in th e midst o f a s o ldi e rs biv o u ac b efo r e Sad o w a dr e ss e d

’
,

v ery nearly in whit e a v e ry l o ng fro ck co at and a tall h at o n

— -
,

th e b ack o f h is h ead b o th ne arly whit e

,
H e s aid Mo rni ng .
“

as a g e ne ral r e m ark wh e n h e first cam e o n b u t a ft e r ward s

, ,

talk ed wh at I supp o s e was bro k en G e rm an H e app ear e d to .

b e reg ard e d as a butt by th e s o ldi ers and e nd ed h is car ee r ,

by falli ng i nt o a drum .

Fr m K o ni gsb e rg th e t r a v e ll e rs w e nt o n t o
o

St P e t e rsb u rg w h e r e t h e y s taye d s e v e ral d ays

. , ,

e xpl o r i ng t h e w o nd e rfu l ci t y and i t s e nv i r o ns

Th er e is a fi ne e qu e strian statu e o f P e t er th e Great near

th e A dmiralty Th e l o we r part is no t a p ed e st al b u t l e ft
.
,

sh ap el ess and ro ugh lik e a real ro ck Th e h o rs e is reari ng .

,

and h as a s e rp ent co il e d ab o u t its hi nd fee t o n whi ch I thi nk , , ,

it is tr eadi ng I f this h ad b een p u t u p in B erli n P et e r w ou ld

.
,

no d o ubt h ave b een activ el y eng ag ed in killi ng th e m o nst er ,

but h ere h e tak e s no no ti ce o f it ; in fact th e killi ng th eo r y ,

is no t r eco g nis ed We fo u nd tw o co l o ssal figur e s o f li o ns

.
,

whi ch ar e so pai nfully mild th at each o f th e m is ro lli ng a

great b all ab o ut like a kitt en .

A ug r st
. . A b out h alf p ast ten M r Mer ilies call e d fo r u s
— — . r ,

and with r eally r e m ark abl e ki nd ne ss g av e up his d ay to t aki ng

us d o wn to P e terh o f a dist ance o f ab o ut twenty mil es and

, ,

sh o wi ng us ov er th e pl ace We w ent by st eam er d o w n th e

.

tid el e ss s altl ess Gulf o f Fi nl and ; th e first pe culi arity ext ends
,

thro ugh th e B alti c and th e s eco nd thro ugh a great p art o f it

, .

Th e pi ece w e cr o ss ed s o m e fift een mil e s fr o m sh o r e to sh o r e

, ,

is v ery sh all o w in m any p arts o nly si o e ight fe e t d eep and

,
x r ,

ev e ry wi nt e r it is e ntir ely fr o z en o v e r w ith ice t wo fee t thi ck ,

and wh e n this is co v e r e d with s now it fo rms a s ecur e pl ai n ,

w hich is r egul arly us ed for trav elli ng o n th o ugh th e imm ens e ,

 LE WI S CA RROL L 11 7

d istance with ou t m eans of foo d or sh elt e r is dang er ou s for

, ,

p oo rly cl ad fo o t p ass enge rs Mr Mer r ilies t o ld us o f a friend

. .

o f his wh o in cr o ssi ng l ast wi nt e r p a ss e d th e b o di e s o f e ight

, ,

p eo pl e wh o h ad b een fr o z en We h ad a go o d view o n ou .
,
r

way o f th e co ast o f Fi nl and and o f K r o nst adt

,
Wh en we
,
.

l and ed at P e t erh o f we fou nd Mr Mu ir s carri age waiti ng fo

, .
’
r

u s and with its assist ance g e tti ng o u t e ve ryno w and th en to

, ,

walk thr o ugh p o rti o ns wh e r e it co uld no t go we went o ve r th e ,

gr ou nds o f two imp erial p al ace s i ncl u di ng m any littl e s u mm er

,

h ou s e s each of whi ch wo uld m ak e a very go o d resid ence in

,

its elf as th o ugh sm all th ey wer e fitt e d up and ad o r ned in

, , ,

e v ery way th at ta st e co uld s u gg e st o r w ealth achi ev e F or .

vari e d b eauty and p e rfect co mb inati o n o f natur e and ar t I ,

thi nk th e gard ens eclips e th o s e o f Sans So u ci A t ev e ry .

co r ne r o r e nd o f an av enu e o r p ath wh e r e a pi ece o f st atu ary

, ,

co uld b e i ntr o du ce d w ith e ffect th e r e o ne was sur e to fi nd ,

o ne in br o nz e o r in whit e m arbl e
,
m any o f th e l att e r h ad a
s o rt o f circul ar ni ch e built b ehi nd with a bl u e b ackgro u nd to ,

thr ow th e figur e i nt o reli e f H ere we fou nd a s eri e s o f sh el vi ng

.

l edge s m ad e o f st o ne with a sh ee t o f wat er glidi ng d own o ve r

,

th e m h ere a l o ng p ath str e t chi ng d o wn sl o p e s and flights o f

,

st eps and ar ch ed ov er all th e way with trellis e s and cr e ep ers

,

h ere a huge b o uld er h ewn j ust as it lay i nt o th e sh ap e o f a

, , ,

giganti c h ead and face w ith mild Sphi nx lik e e y es as if s o m e

, ,
-
,

buri e d Titan w e re struggl ing to free hims elf ; h e re a fo u ntai n ,

so artfully fo rm e d o f pip e s set in cir cl e s each se t sh o o ti ng th e ,

wat e r high e r th an th o s e o utsid e as to fo rm a s o lid pyramid ,

o f glitt e ri ng spray ; h e r e a l awn s e en thr o ugh a br eak in th e ,

w o o ds b e l o w us w ith th r eads o f s carl e t g eraniums ru nning

,

o v e r it and l o o ki ng in th e dist ance lik e a hug e branch o f

,

co r al ; and h e r e and th er e l o ng av enu e s o f tr ee s lyi ng in all ,

directi o ns s o m etim e s thr ee o r fo ur t o g eth e r sid e by s id e and

, ,

s o m etim e s radi ati ng lik e a star and stret chi ng away i nt o th e ,

dist ance till th e e ye was alm o st weary o f fo ll o wi ng th e m All .

1 18 TH E L I F E A N D L E TTE RS OF

this wil l rath er s e rv e to r emi nd m e, th an v y

t o co n e any id ea
,

o f wh at w e sa w .

B u t th e b e au t i e s o f P e t e rh o f w e r e q u i t e e cl i ps e d
b y th e O r i e nt al s pl e nd o u rs o f M o s co w w h i ch ,

na t u r all y m a d e a gr e at i mpr e s s i o n up o n a m i nd

accu s t o m e d to th e co ld s u bl i m i t y o f G o t h i c
a r ch i t e ct u r e a t O xfo rd .

We gav e fi ve o six h o urs to a stroll thr o ugh this wo nd e rful

r

city a city o f whit e h o us e s and gr ee n r o o fs o f co ni ca l t o w e rs

, ,

th at ris e o ne ou t o f ano th er lik e a fo r e sh ort ened t el e s co p e ; o f

bulging gild ed d o m es in whi ch you see as in a l oo ki ng gl ass
, ,
-
,

dist o rted pi cture s o f th e city o f church e s wh ich l oo k o utsid e , ,

lik e bu nch es o f v ari egated cactus (s o m e branch e s cro w ned with

green pri ckly buds o th e rs with blu e and o th ers with r ed and
, ,

whit e) and whi ch i nsid e ar e hu ng all ro u nd with eikons and

, ,

l amps and li ned with illum inat ed pi ctures u p to th e v er y ro o f ;

,

and fi nally o f p av e m e nt th at g o e s up and d o wn lik e a pl o ugh e d

, ,

fi eld and d r oj ky driv ers wh o ins ist o n b ei ng paid thirty per

,
-

cent e xtra t o d ay b ecaus e it is th e E mpre ss s birthd ay

“ ’
. .
,

A ug 5 th — A ft e r di nne r w e went by arrang e m ent t o M r

. . .

P enny and acco mpani ed him to see a R uss ian weddi ng I t

,
.

was a m o st i nt e r e sti ng ce r e m o ny Th ere was a l arge ch o ir

.
,

fro m th e cath edral wh o sang a l o ng and b eaut iful anth e m

,

b e fo re th e s e rvi ce b egan ; and th e d eaco n (fro m th e Chu rch

o f th e A ssumpti o n) d e liv e r e d s ev e ral r ecit ativ e p o rt i o ns o f th e

s e rvi ce in th e m o st m ag nifi cent b ass v o i ce I e ve r h eard risi ng ,

gradually (I sh o uld say by l e ss than h alf a no t e at a tim e if

th at is p o ssibl e) and incr easi ng in v o lum e o f s o u nd as h e r o s e
,

in th e s cal e u ntil h is fi nal no t e r ang thr o ugh th e build ing lik e

,

a ch o rus o f m any v o i ce s I co uld no t h av e co nceiv e d th at o ne

.

v o i ce co uld h av e pr o du ce d su ch an e ffect One p art o f th e .

1 20 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

g eat o b j ect o f life as wait e rs and o n th es e o ccasi o ns th ey

r ,

w o uld all hurry to th e e nd o f th e r o o m and re fe r to a great ,

draw e r wh ich s ee m d to co ntai n no thi ng but sp oo ns and co rks

e .

Wh e n we ask ed fo anyth ing th ey first l o o k ed at each o th e r in

r ,

an al arm ed wa th e n wh e n th e y h ad a s ce rta i ne d whi ch u nd e r

y ,

st o o d th e o rd er b e st th ey all fo ll o w ed his e xampl e whi ch

, ,

alw ays w as to r e fe r to th e b ig draw e r We sp ent m o st o f th e .

-

a ft e r no o n w and e ri ng thr o ugh th e fair and buyi ng iko ns &c , e ,

.

I t was a w o nd e rful pl ace B e sid e s th e r e b ei ng disti nct qu art ers

.

fo th e P e rsi ans th e Chi ne s e and o th ers we w er e constantly

r , , ,

m eeti ng strange b ei ngs with u nwh o l es o m e co mpl ex i ons and

u nh eard of co stum e s Th e P e rsians with th eir gentl e intelli
-
.
, ,

gent faces th e l o ng e y e s set wid e ap art th e bl ack h air and

, , ,

yell o w bro w n ski n cr o w ne d with a bl ack w o o ll en fe s o m ethi ng

-
, z

lik e a gre nadi e r were ab o ut th e m o st pi cture squ e we m et B u t

, .

all th e no v e lti e s o f th e d ay w er e thr o w n i nt o th e sh ad e b

y ou r
adv entur e at su ns e t wh e n we cam e up o n th e Tartar m o squ e
,

(th e o nly o ne in N ijni) exactly as o ne o f th e o ffi ci als cam e o u t

o n th e r oo f to utt e r th e mu ezzi n c y o call to pray e rs E v en
r ,
r .

if it h ad b een in no way si ngul ar in its elf it wo uld h av e b een ,

d eeply int e re sti ng fro m its no v elty and u niqu e ne ss but th e cr y ,

its elf was quit e u nlik e anyth ing I h ave ev er h eard b efo re Th e .

b egi nni ng o f each s ent e nce was utt ered in a rapid m o no t o ne ,

and t o w ards th e e nd it r o s e gradu ally till it e nd e d in a

p o r

l o nged shrill wail whi ch fl oat ed o ve rh ead thro ugh th e still ai

, , r

with an i nde s cribably sad and gh o stlik e e ffect h eard at night ,

it w o uld h av e thrill e d o ne lik e th e c y o f th e B ansh ee r .

Th i s r e m i nd s o ne o f th e w o nd e rfu l d e s cr i p t i o n
’
in M r K i pl i ng s
. C i t y o f D re a dfu l N i gh t
“
It .

is no t g e ne rall y k no w n t h a t M r D o dgs o n w as a .

’
fe r v e nt adm i r e r o f M r K i pl i ng s w o rks ; i nd e e d .

d u r i ng th e l as t fe w ye ar s o f h is l i fe I t h i nk h e
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 121

t o o k m o r e pl e as u r e in h i s t al e s t h an in t h o s e o f
an o t h e r m o d e r n au t h o r
y .

’
D r L id d o n s fa m e as a pr each e r h ad r e ach e d
.

t h e R u ss i a n cl e rg y w i t h t h e r e s u l t t h at h e a nd
,

M r D o dgs o n fo u nd m any d o o rs o p e n t o t h e m
. .

w h i ch a r e u s u a ll y cl o s e d t o t r a v e ll e rs i n R u s s ia
.
.

A ft e r t h e i r v i s i t t o N ij ni N o v go r o d t h e y r e t u r ne d
t o M o s co w w h e nce e s co r t e d b y B i sh o p L e o ni d e
, , ,

S u ffragan B i sh o p o f M o s co w t h e y m ad e an e x ,

e dit io n t o t h e Tr o it s k a M o na s t e r y
p .

A ugu st 1 2t m o st i nt er esti ng d ay We br eakfast ed at

h — A .

h alf p ast fi ve and s o on aft e r s ev en l e ft by railway in co mpany

-
, ,

with B ish o p L eo nid e and M P enny fo r Tr o itska Mo nast ery r. , .

We fo u nd th e B ish o p in spit e o f his limit ed k no wl edg e o f

,

E nglish a v e ry co nv ers ati o nal and ent ertai ni ng fell ow tr av ell er

,
-
.

Th e s er vi ce at th e cath edral h ad alr eady b egu n wh en we

r each ed it and th e B ish op t o ok us in with him thro ugh a
, ,

great cro wd whi ch thr o ng ed th e buildi ng i nt o a sid e r oo m ,

whi ch o p ened int o th e ch ancel wh e r e we rem ai ned duri ng th e ,

s ervi ce and enj o y ed th e u nusu al privil ege o f s eei ng th e cl ergy

,

co mmu ni cat e a ce r e m o ny fo r w hi ch th e d o o rs o f th e ch ance l

—

a e al ways shut
r and th e cu rt ai ns dr awn so th at th e co ngre
, ,

gatio n neve r w it ne ss it I t was a m o st el ab o r at e cer e m o ny

.
,

full o f cr o ssi ngs and wavi ng o f i ncens e b efo r e ev erythi ng th at

,

was g o i ng to b e us e d but als o cl early full o f mu ch d ee p

,

d evo ti on . I n th e aft e r no o n we went d o w n to th e A r ch

bish o p s pal ace and were pre s ent ed to h im by B ish o p L eo nid e
’
,
.

Th e A r chbish o p co uld o nly t alk R ussi an so th at th e co nv e rs a ,

ti o n b et ween h im and L id do n (a m o st i nt ere sti ng o ne whi ch ,

l ast ed m o r e th an an h o ur) was condu ct ed in a ve ry o riginal

 122 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

fashi o n th e A rchbish o p m ak ing a r em ark in R u ssi an which

—
,

was put i nt o E nglish by th e B ish o p ; L id d o n th en ans wer e d

th e r e m ark in Fr e nch and th e B ish o p r e peat e d his ans wer in
,

R uss ian to th e A r chb ish o p So th at a conv ers atio n e nt ir ely

.
,

carri e d o n b e tw e e n t wo p e o pl e re quired th e u se of thr ee

,

l angu age s !
Th e B ish o p h ad ki ndly go t o ne o f th e th eo l o g ical st u d ents ,

w h o co uld t alk Fr e nch to co ndu ct us ab o ut whi ch h e did m o st

, ,

z eal o usly taki ng us am o ng o th er thi ngs to see th e s u bt e rr anean

, , ,

c lls o f th e h erm its in whi ch s o m e o f th em liv e fo r m any years

e , .

We wer e sh o w n th e d o o rs o f two o f th e i nh abit ed o ne s it was

a strang e and no t quit e co mfo rtabl e feeli ng in a d ark narr o w
,

passag e wh ere ea ch h ad to carry a candl e to b e sh o wn th e ,

lo w narro w d o o r o f a littl e cell ar and to k no w th at a hum an

,

b e i ng was livi ng withi n with o nly a sm all l amp to giv e him

,

light in s o litud e and sil ence day and night

,
.

’
H i s e xp e r i e nce s w i t h an e x o rb i t ant a r oj hy dr i v e r -

at S t . P e t e rsb u rg ar e w o r t h y o f r e co rd Th e y .

r e m i nd o ne o f a s t o r y w h i ch h e h i m s e l f u s e d t o t e ll
as h av i ng h app e ne d t o a fr i e nd o f h i s a t O xfo rd .

Th e l a t t e r h ad dr i v e n u p in a cab t o To m G a t e ,

a nd o ffe r e d th e ca bm an t h e pr o p e r fa r e w h i ch ,

w as h o w e v e r r e fu s e d w i t h s co r n
, , A ft e r a l o ng
.

a l t e r ca t i o n h e l e ft t h e i r at e ca bm an t o b e br o u gh t

t o r e a s o n b y th e p o r t e r a o ne arm e d g ia nt o f
,
-

pr o d i g i o u s s t re ng t h W h e n h e w as l eav i ng co ll eg e
.
,

h e s t o pp e d at t h e g a t e t o a sk t h e p o r t e r h o w h e
h ad m a nag e d to d i s p o s e o f t h e cabm an W e ll .
“
,

s i r r e pl i e d t h at d o u gh t y ch amp i o n I co u l d no t
, ,

p e rs u ad e h i m t o go u nt i l I fl o o r e d h i m .
1 24 TH E LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

ro o m and r eturned in a mi nut e with — a l arge cl o th e s brush

,
-
.

On this L id d o n tri e d a furth e r and m o r e e ne rg eti c d e m o n

st atio n ; h e t o o k o ff h is co at and l aid it at h e
r ,
r fee t p o i nt e d
,

d o w nwards (to i ntim at e th at i n th e l o w er regi o ns was th e

o b j e ct o f his d e sir e) smil e d w ith an expr e ssi o n o f th e jo y and
,

gratitud e with whi ch h e w o uld r eceiv e it and put th e co at o n

,

ag ai n. Once m o r e a gl eam o f int e ll ige nce light ed up th e

pl ai n but expre ssiv e featur es o f th e y o u ng p ers o n ; sh e was

abs ent mu ch l o ng e r this tim e and wh en sh e r e tur ne d
, sh e ,

br o ught to o u r dism ay a l arg e cushi o n and a pill o w and

, , ,

b egan to prepar e th e s o fa fo th e nap that Sh e now saw

r

cl early was th e thi ng t h e dumb g e ntl e m an w ant e d A h appy

.

th o ught o ccurre d to m e and I h astily dr ew a sk e t ch r ep e

,
r

s enti ng L iddo n with o ne coat o n r ece ivi ng a s eco nd and

, ,

larg e r o ne fr o m th e h ands o f a b enig nant R ussi an p easant .

 L E WI S CARR OL L 1 25

Th e l angu age o f hi eroglyphi cs su cce ed e d wh ere all o th er

m eans h ad fail ed and we r etur ned to St P et e rsburg with
,
.

th e humili ati ng k no wl e dg e th at o u r st and ard o f ci vilis ati o n was

no w r e du ce d to th e l e v el o f anci e nt N i ne v e h .

A t W ars a w t h e y m ad e a sh o r t s t ay p u t t i ng ,
u
p
’
at t h e H o t e l d A ngle te r r e

Ou r p ass age is i nh abit ed by a t all and v e ry fri endly gr ey

h o u nd wh o w alks in wh ene v e r th e d o o r is o p e ne d fo r a s eco nd
,

o two and wh o fo r s o m e tim e thr eat ene d to m ak e th e l ab o ur

r ,

o f t h e s e rv ant wh o was bri ngi ng w at e r fo a b ath o f no e ffect

,
r , ,

by dri nki ng up th e wat er as fast as it was bro ught .

Fr m W a rs a w t h ey w e nt
o on to L e i pz i g , a nd

t h e nce t o G i e ss e n w h e r e , t h ey a rr i v e d on

S e p t e m b e r 4 th .

We m ov ed Gi ess en and put up at th e R app e H o t el

on to ,
“

fo r th e nigh t and o rd e r ed an early br eakfast o f an o bligi ng

,

wait er wh o talk e d E nglish C o ffee ! h e e x cl aim e d d e

.
“ ”

ligh tedly cat chi ng at th e w o rd as if it w er e a r eally o rigi nal

,

id ea Ah co ffee v ery nice— and e ggs ? H am with y o ur

,
“
,
—

eggs ? V ery nice I f we can h av e it br o il ed I s aid

“
,
”
.

B o il ed ? th e wait e r r e p e at e d with an i ncr edul o us smil e

“ ”
.
,

I expl ai ne d Th e wait e r put

”
N o no t boiled
, , br oiled .

asid e this disti ncti o n as trivi al h e r ep eat ed

”
Y es yes h am ,
“
, , , ,

rev erti ng to his favo urit e id ea Y es h am I s aid .but h o w

“
, , ,
“

coo k e d ? Y es yes h ow co o k ed th e w ait e r r epli ed with

” ”
, , , ,

th e car e l e ss air o f o ne wh o ass e nts t o a pr o p o siti o n m o r e fr o m

g o o d nature th an fr o m a r eal co nvi cti o n o f its truth .

Sept 5 ih . A t midd ay we r each e d E m s aft e r a j o ur ne y

.
—
,

eventl e ss but thro ugh a v ery i nt ere sti ng cou ntry vall eys
,
—
12 6 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF L E WI S CA RROL L
wi ndi ng away in all direct io ns am o ng h ills cl o th ed wi th
tree s to th e very to p and whit e vill ag e s ne stli ng away
,

wh er ev er th ere was a co mfo rtabl e co rner to hid e in Th e .

trees w ere so sm all so u nifo rm in co l o ur and so co nti nu o us

, , ,

th at th ey gav e to th e m o re distant hills s o m ethi ng o f th e e ffect ,

o f b anks co v e r ed with m o ss Th e r eally u niq u e feature o f th e

.

s cene ry was th e way in whi ch th e o ld castl es s eem ed to gr o w ,

rath er th an to h av e b een built o n th e t o ps o f th e ro cky pr o

,

m o nto ies th at sh o w e d th eir h eads h er e and th e re am o ng th e

r

tree s I have nev e r s een ar chit ect u re that s e e m ed so entirely

.

in h arm o ny w ith th e spirit o f th e pl ace . B y s o m e s u btl e

i nsti nct th e o ld archit ects s eem to hav e ch o s en b o th fo rm and
co l o ur th e gr ou pi ng o f th e t o w ers with th e ir p o i nt e d spir e s
, ,

and th e tw o ne utral ti nts light gr e y and br o wn o n th e walls

, ,

and r oo f so as to pr o du ce buildi ngs w hi ch l o o k as natu rally

,

fitted to th e sp o t as th e h eath o r th e har eb ells A nd lik e th e

-
.
,

fl o wers and th e r ocks th ey s ee m e d i nsti nct with no o th er

,

m eani ng th an r est and sil ence .

A nd w i t h t h e s e b eau t i fu l w o rds m y e x t racts

fro m th e D ia r y m ay w e ll co n cl u d e Lew i s
.

’
C arro ll s m i nd w as co mpl e tel y at o ne w i t h
N a t u r e and in h e r pl e a s an t pl ace s o f ca l m an d
,

i nfi ni t e r e p o s e h e s o u gh t h i s r e s t— and h a s
fo u nd it .
 SI R J O H N E
T NN IE L.

(Fr om a r
ph o tog aph by B assano ) .
 C H APT E R IV

(
1 8 68 — 1 8 76)

D eath o f A rch d eaco n D odgs o n L ewis C arr o ll s ro o ms at

—
’

Christ Church — Ph ant asm ag o ri a “

Transl ati o ns o f ”

A li ce
“
Thro ugh th e L o o ki ng Gl ass J abb erwo ck y
-
“ ”

in L ati n— C S C alv e rl e y. .N o t e s by an Oxfo rd Chi e l

— “

H atfi eld Vivis ecti o n—

—
Th e Hu nt ing o f th e Shar k
“
.

H E s u cce s s o f A l i ce in W o nd e rl a nd“

t e mp t e d M r D o dgs o n t o m a k e a no t h e r
.

e ss a
y in t h e s a m e fi e ld o f l i t e r a t u r e H i s .

i d ea h ad no t ye t b e e n pl ag i a r i s e d as i t w as a ft e r ,

w a rds t h o u gh th e b o o k h ad o f co u rs e b ee n
,

p a ro d i e d a no t abl e i ns t ance b e i ng
,
A l i ce in “

”
B lu nd e r land w h i ch app e a r e d in P u nch
,
I t w as .

ve r y d i ffe r e nt w h e n h e ca m e to w r i t e S yl v i e “

”
and B r u no ; t h e co u nt l e ss i m i t a t i o ns o f t h e t w o
”
“
A l i ce b o o k s w h i ch h a d b ee n fo i s t e d u p o n t h e
p u bl i c fo r ce d h i m t o s t r i k e o u t in a ne w l i ne .

L o ng b efo re th e pu bl i ca t i o n o f h i s se co nd t al e ,

p e o pl e h ad h ea rd t h a t L e w i s C ar r o ll w as w r i t i ng
ag a i n a nd t h e e d i t o r o f a w e ll k no w n m ag a z i ne
,
-

1 29
10
1 30 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

h ad offe r e d h i m t w o g u i ne as a p ag e w h i ch w as a ,

h i gh r a t e o f pay in t h o s e d ays fo r t h e s to r y i f h e
, ,

w o u ld al l o w it t o a pp e a r in s e r ia l fo rm .

Th e ce nt ra l i d e a w as a s e v e r y o ne k no w s th e
, ,

a d v e n t u r e s o f a l i t t l e g i rl w h o h ad s o m e h o w o r

o t h e r go t t h r o u gh a l o o k i ng gl ass -
Th e firs t .

d i ffi cu l t y h o w e v e r w as t o ge t h e r t hro u gh a nd
, , ,

t h i s q u e s ti o n e x e r ci s e d h i s i ng e nu i t y fo r s o m e
t i m e b e fo r e i t w as s a t i sfact o r i l y s o l ve d Th e
, .

ne x t t h i ng w as t o s e cu r e Te nnie l s s e r v i ce s ag ai n
’
.

A t firs t i t s e e m e d t h a t h e w as to b e d i s a pp o i nt e d
in t h i s m at t e r ; T e nni e l w as s o fu ll y o ccu p i e d
w i t h o t h e r w o rk t h at t h e r e s ee m e d l i t t l e h Op e

o f h i s b e i ng a bl e t o u nd e r ta k e a ny m o r e He .

t h e n appl i e d to S i r N o e l P a t o n w i t h w h o s e fai r y
,

p i ct u re s h e h ad fall e n in l o v e b u t th e a r t i s t w as
”
i ll and w r o t e in r e pl y T e nni e l i s th e m an
, , In .

th e e nd T e nni e l co ns e nt e d to u nd e r ta k e th e

wo rk a nd o nce m o r e a u t h o r a nd a r t i s t s e t t l e d
,

d o w n t o w o rk t o g e t h e r M r D o dgs o n w as no
. .

e a s y m an t o w o rk w i t h no d e t a i l w as t o o sm all
’
fo r h i s e x ac t cr i t i ci sm D o n t g i v e A l i ce s o
“
.

”
m u ch cr i no l i ne h e w o u ld w r i t e o r Th e W h i t e
, ,
“

K ni gh t m u s t no t h av e w h i sk e rs ; h e m u s t no t
”
b e m ad e t o lo o k o ld s u ch w e r e t h e d i r ect i o ns
h e w as co ns t a nt l y g i v i ng .
132 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

MY D I TH I an no w t ell yo u (wh at I want ed to

DE A R E ,
— c

d o wh en yo s ent m e th at t ext card but felt I co uld no t say it

u
-
,

to two liste ne s as it we re ) w hy th at sp eci al card is o ne

'

r ,

I lik e to h av Th at t ext is co ns ecrat ed for m e by th e

e.

m e m ry o f o ne o f th e gr at st s rro ws I h av e k nown th e
o e e o —

d ath f my d r fath e r I n th s e s o l m n d ays wh en we

e o ea . o e ,

us d t st al o n by o ne int o th e d ark ne d r o o m to t ak e
e o e ,
e ,
e ,

yet ano th er l o ok at th d ar calm face and to pray f e e , or

strength th o ne f atur e in th r o o m th at I rem emb er was a

,
e e e

fram ed t ext illumi nat d by o ne o f my sist rs Th e n a e th ey

,
e e ,
“
r

gl ad b caus th ey a e at r st and o h e br ing eth th e m i nt o

,
e e r e s

th e h av e n wh r th ey w uld b e ! Th at t ext will always ”

e e o

h av fo m e a s ad ness and a sw eet ne ss f its o wn Th ank

e, r ,
o .

g i f s di g it m e Pl eas d o n t m enti o n this wh en ’

'

y o
u a a n e n n or . e

we m e t I can t ta lk ab o ut it
’
e . .

A l ways affe cti o nat ely y o urs

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

Th e bj e ct o f h i s e d i t i o n o f E u cl i d B o o k V
o .
,

pu bl i sh e d d u r i ng t h e co u rs e o f th e yea r w as to ,

m ee t th e r e q u i r e m e nt s o f th e o rd i nar y P ass
E x am i na t i o n a nd to pr e s e n t th e s u bj e ct in a s
,

sh o r t and s i mpl e a fo rm as p o ss i bl e H e nce th e .

Th eo ry o f I nco m m e ns u rabl e M ag ni t u d e s w as
o m i t t ed t h o u gh a s t h e au t h o r h i ms el f s a i d i n
, ,

th e Pr e face t o d o so r e n d e r e d t h e w o rk inco m
,

p le t e a nd fr o m a l o g i ca l p o i nt o f v i e w v a l u e l e ss
, , , .

H e h i nt e d pr e t t y pl a i nl y h i s o w n pr e fe r e nce fo r
an e q u i v al e n t a m o u nt o f A lg e br a w h i ch w o u ld ,

b e co mpl e t e in i t s e lf I t i s e a s y t o u nd e rs t a nd
.

t h i s pr e fe r e nce in a m i nd s o s t r i ct l y l o g i ca l a s h i s .
 L E WI S CA RROL L 1 33

So fa r as t h e o bj e ct o f th e b o o k i t s el f i s co n
ce r ne d h e s u cce e d e d adm i ra bl y
,
t h e pr o p o s i t i o ns

a r e cl e a rl a nd b e au t i fu ll w o rk e d o u t a nd th e
y y ,

h i nt s o n pr o v i ng Pr o p o s i t i o ns in E u cl i d B o o k V .
,

ar e m o s t u s e fu l .

I n N o v e mb e r h e ag a i n m o v e d i nt o ne w r o o ms
a t Chr i s t C h u r ch ; t h e s u i t e w h i ch b e o ccu p i e d

fr o m t h i s d a t e to th e e nd o f h i s l i fe w as o ne o f
th e b e s t in t h e C o l l e g e S i t u a t e d a t t h e no r t h
.

w e s t co r ne r o f To m Q u a d o n th e firs t fl o o r o f t h e
,

s t a i r cas e fr o m th e e nt r ance to w h i ch th e J u ni o r
C o m m o n R o o m i s no w appr o ach e d t h e y co ns i s t ,

o f fo u r s i t t i ng r o o ms a nd a b o u t a n e q u al nu mb e r
-

o f b e dr o o m s b e s i d e s r o o ms fo r l u mb e r & c
,
F ro m
, .

th e u pp e r fl o o r o ne ca n e a s i l y r e a ch t h e fl a t co ll e g e

r o o f M r D o dgs o n saw at o nce t h a t h e r e w as

. .

th e v e r y pl ace fo r a ph o t o gr a ph i c s t u d i o a nd h e ,

l o s t no t i m e in o b t a i ni ng t h e co ns e n t o f th e
au t h o r i t i e s to e r e ct o ne H e r e h e t o o k in
.

nu m e r a bl e ph o t o gr aphs o f h i s fr i e nds and t h e i r

ch i ldr e n as i nd e e d h e h ad b ee n d o i ng fo r s o m e
,

t i m e u nd e r l e ss favo u rabl e co nd i t i o ns O ne o f “
.

h i s earl i e s t p i ctu r e s i s an e x ce ll e nt l i k e ne ss o f
P r o fe ss o r F a r a d ay .

H i s s tu d y w as ch a ra ct e r i s t i c o f th e
’ ‘ “ "

pai nt i ngs b y A H u gh e s M rs A nd e rs o n and

.
, .
,
136 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

w i nds ; su ch d i sp e r s i o ns a r e i ne v i t abl e b u t t h ey ,

a r e no ne t h e l e ss r e gr e t t a bl e I t al w ays s ee m s t o
.

m e t h a t o ne o f t h e s a dd e s t t h i ngs a b o u t t h e d e at h
o f a l i t e r a r y m a n i s t h e fa c t t h a t t h e br e a k i ng u p -

o f h i s co ll e ct i o n o f b o o k s a l m o s t i nv a r i a bl y fo ll o w s ;

th e b u i ld i ng u p o f a g o o d l i br a r y t h e w o rk o f a
,

l i fe t i m e h as b e e n s o m u ch l ab o u r l o s t so far a s
, ,

fu t u r e g e ne r a t i o ns a r e co nce r ned T al e nt ye s .
, ,

a nd g e ni u s t o o a r e d i spl a ye d no t o nl y in w r i t i ng
,

b o o k s b u t al s o in b u yi ng t h e m a nd i t i s a p i t y
,

t h at th e r u t hl e s s h a mm e r o f th e au ct i o ne e r sh o u l d
r e nd e r so m u ch e ne rg y a nd sk i ll fr u i t l e s s .

L e w i s C arro ll s d i ni ng r o o m h as b e e n th e s ce ne
’
-

o f m an a pl e a s a n t l i t t l e p a r t fo r h e w as v e r
y y , y
fo nd o f e nt e r t a i ni ng I n h i s D i a r y e ach o f th e
.
,

d i nne rs a nd l u nch e o ns t h a t h e ga v e i s r e co rd e d
b y a sm all d i agr a m w h i ch sh o w s w h o h i s g u e s t s
,

w e r e a nd t h e i r s e v e r a l p o s i t i o ns a t th e t a bl e
, He .

k e p t a m enu b o o k a s w e ll t h a t th e s a m e p e o pl e
,

m i gh t no t h av e t h e s am e d i sh e s t o o fr e q u e nt l y .

H e s o m e ti m e s g a v e l a rg e p a r t i e s b u t h i s fa v o u r i t e
,

’
fo rm o f s o ci al r e l a x a t i o n w as a diner d aeu x .

A t th e b eg i nni ng o f 1 8 69 h i s Ph a nt a s m ag o r i a ,

a co ll e cti o n o f p o e ms gr a v e a nd a w as ub
g y p ,

lish e d b y M acm i ll a n .U p o n th e w h o l e h e w as
m o r e s u cce s s fu l in h u m o r o u s p o e t r y b u t t h e r e i s
,
 L E WI S CA RROL L

an u n ed nia bl e d i g ni t y an d p at h o s i n h i s m o r e
s e r i o u s v e rs e s H e g a v e a co p y to M r J u s t i ce
. .

D e nm a n w i th w h o m h e a ft e r w a rds ca m e to b e
,

U I E DE
ll )
J ST C N MAN .

F
( r am a ph otogr aph by L ewis Ca r
ro .

ve r y w ell a cq u a i nt e d a nd wh o a ppr e ci a t e d th e
,

"
g i ft h i ghl y . I d i d no t lay d o w n t h e b o o k h e
‘
,

w ro t e , u n t il I h a d r ead t h e m [th e p o e ms ]
138 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

t hro u gh ; and e nj o ye d m any a h ea r t y l au gh and ,

s o m e t h i ng l i k e a cr y o r t w o M o re o v e r I h o pe
.
,

t o r e a d t h e m t hro u gh (as t h e old m a n s a i d ) ag a i n

‘

’
a nd ag a i n .

I t h ad b ee n L e w i s C a rr o ll s i n t e n t i o n t o h av e
’

”
Ph ant asm ag o r i a i ll u s t ra t e d an d h e h ad a sk e d
,

G eo rge d u M au r i e r to u nd e r ta k e t h e w o rk bu t
t h e pl a n fe ll t hr o u gh I n h i s l e t t e r t o d u M au r i e r
.
,

M r D o dgs o n h a d m ad e s o m e i nq u i r i e s a b o u t
.

M i ss F l o r e nce M o nt g o m e ry th e au t h o r e ss o f
’

“
M i s u nd e rs t o o d. I n r e pl y d u M au r i e r s a i d ,

M i ss F l o r e nce M o n t g o m e ry i s a v e r y ch arm i ng
a nd s ymp a t h e t i c yo u ng l a d y th e d a u gh t e r o f t h e
,

a dm i ral o f t h at i l k I a m l i k e yo u a v e ry
.
, ,

gr e at a dm i re r o f M i s u nd e rs t o o d a nd cr i e d
“
,

p i nt s o ve r i t W h e n I w as d o in g th e l as t p i ct u re
.

’
I h ad t o p u t a l o ng w h i t e p i p e in th e l i t t l e b o y s
m o u t h u nt i l it w as fi ni sh e d so as to ge t r i d o f
,

t h e h o rr i bl e p a t h o s o f t h e s i t u a t i o n w h i l e I w a s

e x e cu t i ng t h e w o rk I n r ead i ng t h e b o o k a
s e co nd t i m e (k no w i ng th e s a d e nd o f th e d ea r
l i t t l e b o y) th e fu nny p a r t s m a d e m e cr y a l m o s t as
,

”
m u ch as th e p at h e t i c o ne s .

A fe w d ays a ft e r th e p u bl i ca t i o n o f P h antas
m ago r ia , L e w i s C arro ll s e nt th e fi rs t ch ap t e r o f
h is ne w s t o ry t o t h e pr e ss . B e h i nd th e L o o k
1
40 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E I/VIS CA RR OL L

Th e d i al o g u e in w h i ch th e j o ke o ccurs ab o u t
” ”
t o r t o i s e a nd t au gh t “
us W o nd e rl and ,

p 1 4 2 ) i s t h u s r e nd e r e d
.
°

La m aitr e ss e ét ait u ne vi e ill e t o rtu e ; no us l appelio ns ’

E t p o urqu o i l ap pelie v o us ch é lo né e si ce n e tait

” ’ ’
ch é lo né e
-
. z ,

ne p o uv ait s e m p é ch er d e
” “ ’ ’
as so n no m ? P a ce q u o n r
p
s e c e e n la v o y ant Qu el l o ng ne dit la Fausse— T o rtu e
’
ri r z

d u n to n fzi ch é
’
v o us é tes vraim ent bi en b o rné e

A t tw o p o i nt s h o w e ve r b o t h M B u e a nd M i s s
, , .

A n t o ni e Z i m m e rm ann w h o t ra nsl a t e d t h e t al e ,

i nt o G e rm an w e r e fa i rl y b ea t e n th e r e a s o n fo r
,

t h e w h i t i ng b e i ng s o ca ll e d fr o m i t s d o i ng t h e ,

b o o t s and sh o e s a nd fo r no w i s e fish g o i ng a ny ,

w h e r e w i t h o u t a p o rp o i s e w e r e g i v e n u p a s ,

u nt r a ns l a t a bl e .

A t th e b e g i nni ng o f 1 8 70 L o rd S al i sb u ry ca m e
u t o O xfo rd t o b e i ns t all e d a s Ch a nce ll o r o f th e
p
U ni v e rs i t y D r L id d o n i nt r o d u ce d M r D o dg s o n
. . .

t o h i m a nd t h u s b e g a n a v e r y pl e a s a n t acq u a i n t
,

a nce Of co u rs e h e ph o t o gr aph e d t h e Ch ance l l o r

.

a nd h is t w o s o ns fo r h e ne v e r m i s s e d a n o or
pp
t u nit y o f g e t t i ng d i s t i ng u i sh e d p eo pl e i n t o h i s

s tu d io .

I n D e ce mb e r s e v e n P u z z l e s fr o m VVo nd e r
,

in M r s C a t t y s p ap e r A u nt
’
l and a pp e a r e d .
,

M
’ ’

[ ua s
y [ a az ine
g Th e
y h a d o r i g i na ll y b e e n
 RD S I U RY D H S TWO ON
ph t gr ph by L wi C rr ll )
LO A L SB AN I S S.

(F r m
o a o o a e s a o .
14 2 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

w r i t t e n fo r t h e C e ci l ch i ldre n w i th w h o m L e w i s ,

C arro ll w a s al r ea d y o n t h e b e s t t e rm s M ean .

wh ile Thro u gh th e L o o k i ng G l a ss w as s t ead i l y

“ -

pr o gr e s s i ng no t h o w e v e r w i t h o u t m any l i t t l e
—
, ,

h i t ch e s O ne q u e s t i o n w h i ch e x e r ci s e d M r
. .

D o dgs o n v e r y m u ch w as w h e t h e r th e p i c t u re o f
t h e J a bb e r w o ck w o u l d d o as a fro n t i sp i e ce or ,

w h e t h e r i t w o u l d b e t o o fr i gh t e ni ng fo r l i t t l e ch i l
dr e n On t h i s p o i nt h e s o u gh t t h e a d v i ce o f
.

ab o u t t h i r t y o f h i s m a rr i e d l ad y fr i e nds whose ,

e xp e r i e nce s w i t h t h e i r o w n ch i ldr e n w o u l d m ak e

t h e m t ru s t w o r t h y a d v i s e rs ; a nd in th e e nd h e
ch o s e th e p i ct u r e o f t h e W h i t e K ni gh t o n
h o rs eb a ck I n 1 8 7 1 t h e b o o k a pp ear e d a nd w as
.
,

a n i ns t a nt a ne o u s s u cce ss E i gh t t h o u sand o f th e
.

fi rs t e d i t i o n h a d b ee n t ak e n u p b y t h e b o o ks e ll e rs
b e fo r e M r D o dgs o n h ad e v e n r e ce i v e d h i s o w n
.

pre s e nt a t i o n co p i e s Th e co mpl i m e nt s h e r e
.

ce ive d u po n t h e L o o k i ng G l ass w o u ld h av e -

’
b e e n e no u gh t o t u r n a l e ss e r m a n s h e a d b u t h e ,

w as I t h i nk pr o o f ag a i ns t e i t h e r pr a i s e o r bl a m e
, , .

1 can with a cl ear h ead and co ns ci ence [wr o te H enry

say

K i ngsl e y] th at y ou r new b o o k is th e fi ne st thi ng we h av e h ad ‘

si nce Marti n Chuzzl ewit I can o nly say in co mp ari ng

.
”
,

A li ce with th e o ld this is a m o re ex cell e nt s o ng

”
th e new
“ “
,

than th e o th er I t is p erfectly spl endid but yo h av e d o ubt

.
”
, u ,

le ss h eard that fro m o th e r qu art ers I lu nch with Macmill an

, .
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

th e o r i g i nal sh o w s th e w o nd e rfu l fid e l i t y of th is
t ra nsl a t i o n
M OR S I A B R OC H I I .

C oespe r 1
e a r t : t u ne lu b r iciles 2
u ltr av a c i ir cum
U r ge b ant gy o gim b icu lo sq u e o r s t phi
Moeste nu i visae b o r o go vid es ir e m eatu
E t p r o fu gi ge m itu s e x gr ab u ére r at h a
e.

O fug e I ab r o ch iu m , sangu is m eus 3 I ll e r ecu r v is

U ngu ib u s, estq u e av id is d entibu s i ll e m inax .

U b u b ae fuge ca u tu s a v is v im ,
gnate Ne qu e u nq u a m

F aed ar pax tra t e fr u m io su s eat

co n

Vo r pali gl adi o j u ve nis su ccingitu r h o stis

’

Man u m u s ad m e dium qu aeritur usqu e di e m

x

Jam q u e via fe ss o sed plurim a m ent e pr e m e nti , ,

Tu m tu m iae f o nd is su ase at u mbra m o ram r r .

C o nsilia inte d m stetit egu ia m ent e r evolvens

r u 4

A t gr avis in d ens a fr o nd e s su ff u s e rat u r 5

,

6
Spicu laq u e ex o cu lis jacientis fl am m ea, t u lscam

P er s ilvam v enit burbur 7 I ab r o ch ii

Vo r pali s e m el atqu e it e rum co llect s in ict m

,
u u ,

P e snicu it gl adi o p e snacu itq u e pu e r

r r

Deind e galu m ph atu s spe ne ns i nfo rm e cad av e r ,

r ,

H o r r e nd u m m o nstr i r ett lit ips e caput u .

Coesper f
r o m com a and ves er p .

L u br iciles, r
f om I u br
’

and gr aciles See th e co m m e nt a ry in

ls l
z cu s .

H u m pt y D m pty s sq r whi h ’ ”
w ill a o ltr avia , and , if it
xp l n ti n m t n i
u u a e, c e x p ai n u

req u ires e a a o , as e u .

Sa ngu is m eu s Ver g j E n vi. 83 6

l
3 : . .

P r ojice te a m anu , s angu is m eu s p a

E gm
'

m u fli sh = se m s f “
’

hr r ffi h =e
g7z is T i hs is
l l r s l ti
4 t e e o e
a
g u s . a

j r y b u t I can u gge t no b ette s s

whistl ing
co n ectu a ana o g , o u o n.
” ”
5 Su sufi r u s w h iflling,
‘

: s u su r r u s . .

6
Sp icu la th e p ictu r
ly l l v r
see e.

7 B u r bu r : appa e nt r a ab ia a iatio n of mur mur ,

s tr on e
g r bu t m o r e

d isso na nt .
 LE WI S CARROL L 1 45

Vi ct o r I ab r o ch ii , sp o lns I nSI gm s 0 p 1m i s,

R u r su s in mpl exus
a radi o s e m eo s !
, o ,

O f ab io se d iesl C A L L o clam ateq u e C A L L A

r

Vi p o tu it laetu s ch o r ticu la e p at e r
x r .

C oesper e r at tu nc lu b r iciles u ltr av ia cir cum

U r gebant gyr o s gim b icu lo sq u e t o phi
Moestenu i visae b or o go vid es ir e m eatu
E t pr o fu gi ge m itu s e xgr abu ér e r ath a
e.

A A
. . V .

J A B B E R WOC KY .

Twas brill ig and th e slithy t o v es

’

D id gyre and gimbl e in th e wab e

,

A ll mimsy w e r e th e b o r ogr oves ,

A nd th e m o m e raths o utgrab e .

w are th e J abb erwock my son

Be ,

Th e j aws th at bit e th e cl aws th at s crat ch

,

B ewar e th e Jub j ub bird and shu n ,

Th e fr u mi o us B and e rs nat ch

He t oo k his v o rp al s wo rd in h and
L o ng tim e th e m anx o m e fo e h e s o u ght
So r e st e d b e by th e Tumtum tr ee ,

A nd st o o d awhil e in th o ught .

A nd as in th o ught h e st o o d
u ffi sh ,

Th e J abb e r wock with e y e s o f fl am e

, ,

Cam e wh ifliing thr o ugh th e tulgey woo d

A nd burbl e d as it cam e

One, two One, two ! A nd thr o ugh and thr ou gh

Th e v o rp al bl ad e went s ni ck e r s nack -

He l e ft it d ead and with its h ead

,

H e w ent g alumphi ng b ack .

I I
1 46 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CARROL L
A ndhast th o u sl ai n th e J abb erwo ck
C o m e to my arms my b eamish b o y
C allo o h ! C all ay l
,

O fr abj o us day
H e ch o rtl ed in h is jo y .

Tw as brillig and th e slithy t o ves

’
,

Did gyr e and gimbl e in th e w ab e

A ll mimsy we r e th e b o o g o ves r r ,

A nd th e m o m e r aths o utgrab e .

Th e t r y as o r i g i nall y w r i t t e n co nt ai ne d
s o , ,

t h i r t e e n ch ap t e rs b u t t h e p u bl i sh e d b o o k co n
,

s i s t e d o f t w e l v e o nl y Th e o m i t t e d ch ap t e r
.

i nt r o d u ce d a w asp in th e ch a r a ct e r o f a j u dg e
,

o r b a rr i s t e r I s u pp o s e s i nce M r T e nni e l w r o t e
, , .

t h a t a w asp in a w ig i s al t o g e t h e r b e yo nd th e
“

appl i a nce s of ar t A p ar t fr o m d i ffi cu l t i e s o f
.

illu s t r a t io n th e
,
~

w a sp
“
ch ap t e r w as no t co n

s id e r e d t o b e u t o t h e l e v e l o f th e r e s t o f t h e
p , .

b o o k a nd t h i s w as pr o b abl y th e pr i nci p al r eas o n

,

o f i t s b e i ng l e ft o u t .

I t i s a cu r i o u s fa ct w r o t e M r T e nni e l s o m e
, .

y e a rs l a t e r w
, h e n r e pl y i ng t o a r e q u e s t o f L e w i s
’
C a rr o ll s t h at h e w o u l d i ll u s t ra t e ano t h e r o f h i s
b o o ks t h at w i t h Thr o u gh th e L o o k i ng —G l ass
,
“ ‘ ’

th e fa cu l t y o f m a k i ng dra w i ngs fo r b o o k i ll u s t r a

t i o n d e p ar t e d fr o m m e and no t w i t h s t a nd i ng all
, ,

s o r t s o f t e mp t i ng i nd u ce m e nt s I h a v e d o ne ,

no t h i ng in t h a t d i r e cti o n s i nce .
(F l
a csim i e of a l etter f r m Si
o r
7 01 m Tenniel to L ew is Ca rr
o ll S
,
f u ne 1 ,
1 50 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

Thr o u gh th e L o o k i ng G l a ss h a s r e ce nt l y
a pp e a r e d in a s o l e m n j u dgm ent o f th e H o u s e
o f L o rds I n E astm an P h otogr ap h ic M ater ials
.

Comp any v. Comp tr oller Gener a l f

o P atents ,

D esigns , and Tr a aem a r h s

’
th e
q u e s ti o n
fo r d eci s i o n w as W h a t co ns t i tu t e s an i n v e n te d
,

w o rd ? A t r a d e m a rk t h a t co n s i s t s o f o r co n tai ns
a n i nv e nte d w o rd o r w o rds i s ca p abl e o f r e g i s t ra

tion S o l i o w as th e w o rd i n i ss u e i n th e ca s e
. .

L o rd Macnagh ten in h i s j u dgm ent s ai d w h e n ,

all u d i ng t o t h e d i s t i ng u i s h i ng ch a r a ct e r i s t i cs of

a n i nv e n t e d w o rd :

I d o not thi nk th at it is necess ar y th at it sh ou ld b e wh oll y

m eani ngl ess To gi ve an ill u strati o n y o ur l o rdships m ay
. :

r em emb e r th at in a b o o k o f striki ng hum o ur and fancy whi ch ,

was in eve ryb o dy s h ands wh en it was first publish e d th ere is

’
,

a co ll ecti o n o f strang e wo rds wh e r e th ere ar e (to u se th e

“

l angu age o f th e auth o r) two m eani ngs p ack ed up i nt o o ne

“

wo rd N o o ne wo uld say th at th o s e we r e no t i nv e nt e d
”
.

wo rds Still th ey co nt ai n a m eaning a m eani ng is wr app ed

.
w

up in th e m if yo u can o nly fi nd it o u t .

B e fo r e I l eav e th e s u bj e ct o f th e L o o k i ng
G l ass I sh o u ld l i k e to m ent i o n o ne o r t w o
,

ci r cu ms tan ce s i n co n ne ct i o n w i t h it w h i ch i ll u s
t r at e h i s r e v e re n ce fo r s a cr e d t h i ngs I n his .

o r i g i nal m an u s cr i p t th e b a d t e mp e r e d fl o w e r-

( pp . 28 3
3) w a—s t h e p a ss i o n fl o w e r t h e s
-
a cr e d
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

s m all k e eps a k e s t o h is l andl ad y at E a s t b o u r n e ,

M rs D ye r and th e o t h e r o f h is m e d ica l b o o ks to
.
,

m y br o t h e r .

W h e ne v e r a ne w i d e a pr e s e nt e d i t s e lf t o h i s
m i nd h e u se d to m ak e a no t e o f i t h e e v e n in
v e nt e d a s ys t e m b y w h i ch h e co u ld t a k e no t e s i n

t h e d a rk , i f s o m e h a pp y t h o u gh t o r i ng e ni o u s
pro bl e m s u gg e s te d i ts e l f t o h i m d u r i n g a sl e e p
l e ss ni gh t . L i k e m o s t m en w h o Sys t e m at i call y
o v e r ta x t h e i r br ain s h e w a s a p o o r sl ee p e r
, He .

w o u ld s o m e t i m e s go t hr o u gh a w h o l e b o o k o f

E u cl i d in b e d ; h e w as s o fa m i l i ar w i t h th e b o o k
w o rk t h at h e co u ld a ct u a ll y s e e t h e fig u r e s b e fo r e

h i m in t h e d ark and d i d no t co nfu se th e l e t t e rs

, ,

w h i ch is p e rh aps e v e n m o r e r e m a rk a bl e .

M o s t o f h i s i d e as w e r e i ng e ni o u s t h o u gh m a ny ,

w e r e e n t i r e l y u s e l e s s fr o m a p r a ct ical p o i nt o f
’

V i e w F o r i ns ta nce h e h as an e nt r y in h i s D ia ry
.
,

o n N o v e mb e r 8 1 8 72 I w r o t e to C a l ve rl e y
“
, ,

s u gg e s ti ng an i d e a (w h i ch I t h i nk o ccu rr e d t o m e
y e s t e rd ay
) of g u e ss i ng w e ll k no w n p o e ms -
as

a cr o s t i cs and m a k i ng a co ll e ct i o n o f t h e m t o
,

’
h o a x th e p u bl i c C alve r le y s r e pl y t o t h i s l e t t e r
.

w as a s fo ll o w s

MY DE A R SI R I h ave b en l aid up (o l aid d o wn) fo th e

,
—
e r r

l ast few d ays by acute lumb go o I w uld hav e writt en b e fo re

a ,
r o .
 L E WI S CA RR OLL 1 53

I t is th er absurd th at I was on t h e p o i nt o f pro p o u nd ing to

ra

you this id enti cal id ea I r ealis ed and I r egr e t to ad d r e

.
,

veal e d to two girls a fo rt night ago

,
th e truth th at all e xisti ng ,

p o ems w ere in fact acro sti cs and I o ffe red a sm all p ecu niary
r e ward to whi ch ever wo ul d fi nd o u t Gray s E l egy withi n ’ “ ”

h alf an h ou r ! B u t it neve r o ccurr e d to m e to utilis e th e

dis co very as it did to you I see that it might b e utilis ed
, .
,

no w you m e nti o n it and I sh all i nstru ct th es e two y o u ng

—

wo m e n no t to publish th e no ti o n am o ng th e ir fri ends .

Th i s i s th e w ay M r C a l v e rl e y t r ea te d K i rk e .

W h i t e s p o e m To a n ea rl y P r i mr o s e Th e
’ “
.

”
t i t l e w ri t es C S C
, .m i gh t e i t h e r b e i g no r e d
. .
,
“

o r o m i t t ed P o ss i bl y ca rp e rs m i gh t say t h a t a
.

”
pr i mro s e w as no t a r o s e .

M ild ffspri ng o f a d ark and sull en sire

o

Wh o s e m o d e st fo rm so d eli cat ely fi ne, ,

Was nurs e d in whistli ng st o rms

A nd cr adl e d in th e wi nds

Th ee wh en y o u ng Spri ng first qu esti o ned

,

Wi nt e r s s way ’
,

A nd d ar e d th e sturdy blust e r e r t o th e fight , WaR

Th ee o n this b ank h e threw
To m ark his vi ct o ry .

In this
val e th e pr o mis e o f th e y ear
lo w ,
-
,

Ser ene th o u Op ene st to th e nippi ng gal e

U nno ti ced and al o ne
,

I nco gnit O
Thy t end e r el egance .
1 54 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

So Virt u e
bl o o ms brou ght fo rth amid
,
th e
sto rms
Of chill adv e rsity in s o m e l o ne walk
,

Of life sh e r ears h er h ea d L o w lines S

Obs cur e and u no bs e rv e d .

Wh il e every bl eachi ng br eez e th at on h er

bl ows
Chast ens h er sp o tl ess purity o f breast
Di
,

A nd h ard ens h er t o b ear scip lin E

Se r ene th e ills o f life .

In th e co u rs e o f
t h e i r co rr e sp o n d e nce M r .

C a l ve rl e y w ro t e a S h a k e sp e a r ian s o nne t t h e in i t ia l ,

l e t t e rs o f w h i ch fo rm t h e na m e o f W i ll ia m
H e rb e r t ; and a p a r o d y e n t i t l e d Th e N e w “

H at . I r e pr o d u ce t h e m b o t h .

Wh en o er ’
rld N ight spreads h er m antl e d u n
th e wo ,

I n dr eams my l ove I see t h o s e st ars thi ne e y e s

, , , ,

L ighti ng th e d ark : but w h en th e r oyal su n

L o oks o er th e pi ne s and fir es th e o ri en t ski e s
’
,

I b ask no l ong er in thy b eau ty s ray

’
,

A nd 10 my wo rld is b ankru pt o f d elight .

M urk night s ee m e d l at ely fair co mpl e xi o ne d d ay ;

-

H o p e b r i nging d ay now s ee ms m o st d o l e ful night

-
.

E nd weary day th at ar t no d ay to m e
, ,

R etur n fair night to m e th e b e st o f d ays !

, ,

B u t O my 1 05 6 wh o m in my dr eams I see
, ,

E nki ndl e with lik e bliss my waki ng g az e

R epl e t e with th ee e e n hid eo us night gr o ws fai r
’
,

Th en wh at wou ld s weet m o rn b e if th ou wert th ere ,

?
1 56 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

H o w I lov dth ee my B r ight One I plu ck in r e m o rs

’
,
e

My h ands fro m my p ock e ts and w ri ng e m ’

'

Oh wh y did no t I d ear as a m att e r o f co urs e

, , , ,

E r e I p ch as d th ee pur ch as e a gi ngh am ?
’
ur

C S CA L V E R L E Y . . .

M r D o dgs o n sp e nt th e l as t ni gh t o f th e o ld
.

a t H a t fi e ld w h e r e h e w as t h e g u e s t
y e ar
( 1 8 72
) ,

o f L o rd S al i sb u r y Th e r e w as a l a rg e p ar t y o f
.

ch i ldr e n in t h e h o u s e o ne o f t h e m b e i ng P r i nce ss
,

A l i ce t o w h o m h e t o l d as m u ch o f t h e s t o r y o f
,

S yl v i e a nd B r u no a s h e h ad t h e n co mp o s e d .

W h i l e th e t al e w as i n pr o gr e ss L a d y S a l i s b u r y
e nt e r e d t h e r o o m br i ng i ng in s o m e new to y o r
,

gam e t o a m u s e h e r l i t t l e g u e s t s w h o w i t h th e , ,

u s u al t h o u gh t l e ss ne ss o f ch i ld r e n all r u sh e d o ff ,

and l e ft M r D o dgs o n B u t t h e l i t t l e P r i nce ss

. .
~

s u dd e nl y a pp ear i ng to r e m e mb e r t h a t to do so
m i gh t p e rh a ps h u r t h i s fee l i ngs sat d o w n ag a i n ,

by h i s s i de H e r e a d th e k i n d t h o u gh t w h i ch
.

pro mp t e d h e r act i o n a nd w as m u ch pl e a s e d b y i t
, .

A s M r D o dgs o n k ne w s e v e r a l m e mb e rs o f th e
.

P u nch s t aff h e u s e d t o s e nd u p a ny l i t t l e i nci

,

d e nt s o r r e m arks t h at p ar t i cu l a rl y a m u s e d h i m to
t h a t p a p e r H e e v e n w e nt s o fa r as t o s u gg e s t
.

s u bj e ct s fo r car t o o ns t h o u gh I d o no t k no w ,

i f h i s i d eas w e r e e v e r ca rr i e d o u t One o f th e .
 L E WI S CARROL L 1 57

a ne cd o t es h e s e nt to P u nch w as t h a t o f a ‘

l i t t l e b o y ag e d fo u r w h o a ft e r h a v i ng l i s t e ne d
, ,

w i t h m u ch a t t e nt i o n t o t h e s t o r y o f L o t s w i fe
’

a s k e d i ng e nu o u sl y W h e r e d o e s s a l t co m e fr o m
“
,

’
t h a t s not m ad e o f l ad i e s ? T h i s app e ar e d o n
J anu a r y 3 1 8 74 , .

Th e fo ll o w i ng i s o ne o f s e v e ral s u ch l i t t l e
a ne cd o t e s j o t t e d d o w n b y L e w i s C a rr o ll fo r
fu t u r e u s e : D r P ag e t w as co nd u ct i ng a s ch o o l
.

e x a m i na t i o n a nd in t h e co u rs e o f h i s q u e s t i o ns
,

h e h app e ne d to ask a sm all ch i ld th e m e ani ng o f

A v e rag e H e w as u t te rl y b e w i ld e r e d b y t h e
.

”
r e pl y Th e t h i ng t h a t h e n s lay o n u nt i l th e
,
“
,

ch i ld e xpl a i n e d t h at h e h ad r ea d in a b o o k t h a t

h e ns lay on a n aver age so m any eggs a ye a r .

A m o ng th e no t a bl e p e o pl e w h o m h e ph o t o
graph e d w as J o h n R u sk i n and a s s e ve r a l fr i e nds , ,

b egg e d h i m fo r co p i e s h e w ro t e to a s k M r , .

R u sk i n s l eav e Th e r e pl y w as B u y N umb e r 5
’
.
,
“

o f F or s C la vzg e r a fo r 1 8 71 w h i ch w i l l g i v e yo u
,

o u r a ns w e r Th i s w as no t w h a t M r D o dgs o n
y . .

’
w a nt e d s o h e w r o t e b a ck C a n t a ffo rd t e n “
, ,

p e nce ! F i nall y M r Ru sk i n gav e h i s co ns e nt

. .

A b o u t t h i s t i m e cam e t h e a no nym o u s p u bl i ca
t i o n o f N o t e s b y a n O xfo rd Ch i e l a co ll e ct i o n
“
,

o f p a p e rs w r i t t e n o n v a r i o u s o ccas i o ns a nd a ll o f ,
158 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

t h e m d e al i ng w i t h O xfo rd co nt ro v e rs i e s T ak i ng .

t h e m in o rd e r w e h ave fir s t Th e N e w M e t h o d
,
“
.

o f E v a l u a t i o n as appl i e d t o firs t p u bl i sh e d by

R USK I N
l)
JO H N .

Fr m
( o a ph otogr aph by L ewis Ca rr
o l
.

Me ssrs P a rk e r i n 1 8 65 w h i ch h ad fo r i t s s u bj e ct
.
,

t h e co n t ro v e rs y a b o u t th e R eg i u s Pr o fe ss o rsh i p

o f G r ee k . One e x t r a ct w i ll b e s u ffi ci e nt to sh o w
1 60 THE LI FE AN D LE TTE RS OF

th e first di ffere ntial b e i ng fr equ e ntly o f great er valu e than th e

o rigi nal p arti cl e and t h e s eco nd o f l e ss enlight enm e nt
,
.

F o r ex ampl e let L = L e ad e r and th e n

“
, ,

L e ad e r in th e Saturd ay p rti cl e o f no assig nabl e

”
L S (a a

valu e) D i ffe r enti ati ng o nce we ge t L S D a fu ncti o n o f great

.
,
. .
,

valu e Simil arly it will b e fo u nd t hat by taki ng th e s econd

D i fferential of an enlightened Particl e (i e rais ng it to th e
,

D egree
. .

th e e nlight enm ent b eco m e s r apidly l e ss Th e .

e ffect is mu ch i ncr ea s e d by th e additi o n o f a C in this cas e :

th e e nlight enm ent o ft e n v anish e s alt o g e th e r and th e P arti cl e ,

b eco m e s C o ns ervativ e .

P R O P OSI T I ON S .

PR OP . I PR. .

To fi nd th e Ex a m iner
va lu e O f a given .

E a mple A tak e s in te n b o o ks in th e Fi nal E xami nati o n

x —

and g e ts a 3 d cl ass ; B t ak e s in th e E x a mi ne rs and g e ts a

r ,

zud .Fi nd th e valu e o f th e E x ami ne rs in t erms o f b oo ks .

Fi nd als o th eir valu e in t erms in whi ch no E xam inati o n is

h eld .

PR OP I I PR . . .

To estim a te Pro t fi a nd L oss .

Ex a mple — Given 21 D erby Pr o ph et w h o h as s ent three ,

di fferent wi nners to three di ff erent b e tti ng m e n and given th at -

,

no ne o f t h e thr e e h o rs e s ar e pl aced Fi nd th e t o tal l o ss .

i ncurr e d by th e three m en (a ) in m o ney (b) in t e mp er Fi nd , .

als o th e Pr o ph e t I s this l att e r usu ally p o ssi bl e ?

.

P R OP . I V TH. .

Th e end th e pr od u ct f
o th e ex tr em es j u sti fi es

qu a l to L a tin th e m ea ns
— see “
e azq u u s .

No x mpl e
e a is a pp end e d to this Pro p o siti on , fo r o bvi o u s
s s
r ea o n .
 LE WI S CARR OL L 1 61

PR OP . V
. PR .

TO co ntinu e a given ser ies.

Ex a mple — A and B wh o a e r e sp ectiv ely ad d i ct ed to Fo urs

,
r

and Fiv e s o ccupy th e s am e se t o f r o o ms whi ch is alw ays at

, ,

Six e s and Sev e ns Fi nd th e pr o b abl e am ou nt o f readi ng d o ne

.

by A and B whil e th e E ights a e o n r .

Th e t h i rd p ap e r w as e nt i t l e d F act s F i g u r e s , ,

a nd F a nci e s . Th e b e s t t h i ng in i t w as a p a r o d y
on
“
Th e D e s e r t e d V i ll ag e fr o m w h i ch an , .

e x t r a ct w i ll b e fo u nd in a l a t e r cha p t e r Th e r e .

w a s a ls o a l e t t e r t o th e S e ni o r C e ns o r o f Chr i s t

Ch u r ch in b u rl e s q u e o f a s i m i l a r l e t t e r in w h i ch
,

t h e P r o fe ss o r o f P h ys i cs m e t a n o ffe r o f t h e

Cl ar e nd o n Tr u s t e e s b y a d e t a i l e d e nu m e ra t i o n
o f th e r e q u i r e m e nt s in h i s o w n d e p ar t m e nt o f
’
N a t u ral S ci e nce M r D o dgs o n s l e t t e r d eal s
. .

w i t h th e i m ag i na r y r e q u i r e m e nt s o f t h e Mat h e
m at ical s ch o o l

DE AR SE N I O R C E N SOR I n a d esult o ry co nv ers ati o n o n a

,
—

p o int co nnect e d with th e di nner at o u r high tabl e yo u i nci ,

d e ntally rem ark ed to m e th at l o bst er s au ce th o ug h a -

,
“

nece ss ary ad j u nct to turb o t w as no t e ntir ely wh o l e s o m e

,

I t is e ntir ely u nwh o l e s o m e I nev e r ask fo it with o ut

. r

relu ct ance I neve r t ak e a s eco nd sp o o nful with o ut a feeli ng

:

o f appr e h ensi o n o n th e sub j ect o f a p o ssibl e nightm ar e This .

naturally bri ngs m e to th e sub j ect o f Math e m ati cs and o f th e

acco mm o d ati o n pr o vid e d by th e U niv e rsity fo r carryi ng o n th e

,

cal cul ati o ns ne ce ss ary in th at imp o rt ant br anch o f Sci ence .

12
1 62 THE L I FE A N D L E TTE R S OF

As Me mb e rs C o nv o cati o n ar e call e d up o n (wh eth er per

of

so nally o r as is l e ss e x aspe rati ng by l ett e r ) to co nsid e r th e

, , ,

o ffe r o f th e Cl ar e nd o n T r u st ee s as well as eve ry o th e r sub j ect ,

o f hum an o i nhum an int ere st cap abl e o f consid e ration it

,
r , , ,

h as occu rr e d to m e to sugge st for you r co nsid er ation h o w

d esirabl e ro o fed buildi ngs ar e fo car rying o n m ath em ati cal r

cal cula ti o ns in fact th e vari abl e ch aract e r o f th e w eath e r

: ,

in Oxfo rd r end e rs it highly inexp e di ent to att empt mu ch

o ccupati o n o f a s e d enta ry nat u r e
,
in th e o p en air , .

A gai n it is o ft en imp o ssibl e for stud e nts to ca rry o n

,

accur at e m ath e m ati ca l cal cu l ati o n s in cl o s e co nt igu ity to o ne

ano th er o wi ng to th e ir mutu al co nve rs ati o n ;

, co ns e qu ently

th es e pr oce ss e s r equire di ffe rent roo m s in whi ch irr epressibl e

co nv e rsati o nalists wh o a e fo u nd to o ccur in e v e ry branch o f
, r

Soci e ty might b e care fully and p erm anently fix ed

, .

I t m ay b e su ffi ci en t for th e pr e s ent to enum e rat e th e fo ll o wing

requisit es— o th ers might b e add ed as fu nds p ermit
A A very l arg e r o o m fo cal cul ati ng G r eat e st C o mm on
. r
’

Measur e To this a sm all o ne might b e attach ed fo r L east

.

C o mm o n M ultipl e : this h o w ev er might b e disp ens ed with , , .

B A pi ece o f o p en gr o u nd for k ee pi ng R o ots and practisi ng

.

th e ir extracti on it wo uld b e advisabl e to k eep Squ are R o o ts

:

by th ems elv e s as th eir co rners ar e apt to d am age o th ers

, .

C A r oo m for redu ci ng Fracti o ns to th eir L o w est Te rms

. .

This sh o uld b e pro vid e d with a cell ar fo k eepi ng th e L o we st r

T erms wh e n fo u nd whi ch might als o b e avail abl e to th e

g eneral b od y o f U nd ergradu at e s for th e p u rp o s e of k eepi ng
,

Te rms
D A l arge r o om which might b e d arkened and fitt ed up
.

.
, ,

w ith a m agi c l ant e r n fo r th e purp o s e o f e xhibiti ng cir cul ati ng

D ecim als in th e act o f circulati o n This m ight also contai n
,

cupb o ards fitte d with gl ass d o o rs for k eepi ng th e vari o u s

, ,

Scal e s o f N o t ati o n .

E A narr o w strip o f gr o u nd r ail ed OH and car efully

.
,

l ev ell ed for i nv estigati ng th e pro p erti e s o f A sympt o t e s and

, ,
1 64 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

§ 1 . On the ety m olo gica l si gni fi

ca nce of th e new B elf ry,
‘

Ch Ch
. .

Th e w o rd B e lfry is d e riv ed fro m th e French bel ,

b eautiful b eco mi ng m ee t and fr o m th e G erm an fr ei fr ee

, , ,
”
,
“

u nfe tt ered s ecure safe Thus th e w o rd is str i ctly e quival ent

, ,
.
”
,

to
“
m eat s afe to whi ch th e new B elfry b ears a r e s embl ance
-
,
”

so p e rfect as alm o st to am o u nt t o co i ncid ence .

§4 . On th e ch ie f a r ch itectu r a l m er it f
o th e new B elf ry ,
Ch Ch
. .

I ts chi e f m e rit is its simpli city a simpli city so pur e so —

,

pro fo u nd in a w o rd so sz mple that no o th e r w o rd will fi tly

'

, , ,

d e s crib e it Th e m eagre ou tli ne and b ald ne ss o f d et ail o f th e

.
, ,

pre s ent Ch apt er ar e ad o pt e d in humbl e imitati on o f this great

,

feature .

5 . On th e oth er a r ch itectu r a l m er its o f the new B elf ry,

Ch Ch
. .

Th e B elfry h as no o th er archit ect u ral m e rits .

”
Th e
’
V i s i o n o f th e Thr ee T s fo ll o w e d I t .

als o w a s an a t t ack o n a r ch i t e ct u ra l ch a ng e s in

Chr i s t Ch u r ch th e g e ne r al s t yl e w as a p a r o d y o f
th e C o mpl ea t A ngl e r L a s t o f all ca m e Th e .
” “

B l ank Ch e q u e a F a bl e i n r e fe r e nce to t h e
, ,

b u i ld i ng o f th e N e w S ch o o ls fo r th e e xp e ns e s o f ,

w h i ch it w a s a ct u a ll y pr o p o s e d (in to Si g n

a bl a nk ch e q u e b e fo r e any e s t i m a t e h a d b ee n
m ad e o r any pl an l a i d b e fo r e t h e U ni ve rs i ty and
, ,

e v e n b e fo r e a co mm i t t e e h a d b ee n e l ect e d t o
app o i nt an a r ch i t e ct fo r t h e w o rk .
 L E WI S CA R R OL L 1 65

A t th e e nd o f 1 8 74 M r Do dg s o n w as ag a i n at
.

H a t fi e ld w h e r e h e t o ld th e ch i ldr e n th e s t o r y o f
,

P r i nce U ggu g w h i ch w as a ft e r wa rds m a d e a p a r t

,

of S yl v i e a nd B r u no t h o u gh at t h at t i m e i t
“
,

s e e ms t o h av e b ee n a s e p ara t e t al e B u t S yl v i e
.

”
a nd B r u no in t h i s r e s p ect e nti r e l y u nl i k e A l i ce
“
,

in W o nd e rl a nd ,
w as t h e r e s u l t o f no t e s ta k e n

d u r i ng m any yea r s ; fo r w h i l e h e w as t h i nk i ng
o u t t h e b o o k h e ne v e r ne gl e c t e d a n am u s i n
y g
s craps o f ch i ld i s h co nv e r sa t i o n o r fu nny ane cd o t e s
a b o u t ch i ldr e n w h i ch ca m e t o h i s no t i ce . I t is
t h i s fact w h i ch g i v e s s u ch v e r i s i m i l i t u d e t o th e
prat t l e o f B r u no ch i ld i sh t al k i s a t h i ng w h i ch a
gro w n u p p e rs o n canno t p o ss i bl y invent H e can
-
.

o nl l i s t e n t o t h e a ct u a l t h i ngs th e ch i ldr e n s a
y y ,

a nd t h e n co mb i ne w h a t h e h a s h ea rd i nt o a
co nne c t e d na rr a t i v e .

D u r i ng 1 8 75 M r D o dg so n w r o te an a r ti cl e
.

on
“
S o m e P o p u l a r F a ll aci e s a b o u t V i v i s e ct i o n ,

w h i ch w as r e fu s e d b y t h e P a ll M a ll Gaz ette t h e ,

e d i t o r s a yi ng t h a t h e h ad ne v e r h e a rd o f m o s t o f

t h e m o n w h i ch M r D o dgs o n pl a i nt i ve l y no t e s in
.

h is Di a r y t h a t s e v e n o u t o f t h e t h i r t ee n fa ll a ci e s
d eal t w i t h in h i s e ss ay h ad app ear e d in t h e
co l u m ns o f t h e P a ll M a ll Gaz ette . U l ti m a t e l y
it w a s a cce p t e d b y t h e e d i t o r o f Th e F or t nigh tly
1 66 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

R eview . M r D o dgs o n h ad a p e cu l i a r h o rr or o f
.

v i v i s e ct i o n . I w as o nce w alk i ng in Ox fo rd w i t h
h i m w h e n a ce r t a i n w e ll k no w n pr o fe ss o r p ass e d
-

us . I a m afr a i d t h a t m an v i v i se ct s h e s a i d i n
, ,

h is gra v e s t t o ne E v e r y yea r h e u s e d to ge t a
.

fr i e nd t o r e co m m e nd h i m a l i s t o f s u i t abl e ch a r i
t i e s t o w h i ch h e sh o u ld s u bs cr i b e O nce th e .

na m e o f s o m e L o s t D o gs
’
H o m e app e a re d in
th i s l i s t . B e fo r e M r D o dg s o n s e nt h i s g u i ne a
.

h e w r o t e t o th e s e cr e ta r y t o a sk w h e t h e r th e
m anag e r o f t h e H o m e w as in th e h ab i t o f s e nd
ing d o gs t h a t h ad t o b e k i ll e d t o ph ys i o l o g i cal
l ab o rat o r i e s fo r v i vi s e ct i o n Th e a ns w e r w as in
.

t h e ne g a t i v e s o t h e i ns t i t u t i o n go t t h e ch e q u e
, .

H e d i d no t h o w e v e r a d v o ca t e t h e t o t al a b o l i t i o n
, ,

o f v i v i s e ct i o n w h a t r e as o na bl e m a n co u l d — b ut
—

h e w o u ld h a ve l i k e d t o see it m u ch m o r e ca r e fu ll y
r e s t r i cte d b y law A n e a rl i e r l e t t e r o f h i s t o th e
.

P a ll M all Gaz ette o n t h e s am e s u bj e ct i s su ffi ci

'

e nt l ch a ra ct e r i s ti c t o d e s e r v e a pl a ce h e r e B
y . e

i t no t e d t h a t h e s i g ne d it L e w i s C a rr o ll in“
,

o rd e r t h a t w h a t e v e r i n fl u e nce o r p o w e r h i s
w r i t i ngs h a d g a i ne d h i m m i gh t t e ll in t h e co n

tr o ve r sy .
1 68 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

by mi nut e study wh at th e ne rv es a e wh at th e brai n is and r , ,

wh at wave s o f ago ny th e o ne can co nv e y to th e o th e r go fo rth ,

and w ant o nly infli ct p ai n o n a ny s enti e n t b ei ng ? A l ittl e

”

whil e ago we sh o uld h ave co nfid ently repli ed H e canno t d o ,

it in t h e light o f m o d e r n r ev el ati o ns we must s o rr o wfully

co nfe ss A nd le t it nev er b e s aid th at this is d o ne
”
H e can
“
.

with s eri o us fo reth o ught o f th e b al ance o f pai n and gai n th at

th e o p e rat o r h as pl ea d e d with hims e lf P ai n is i nd eed an evil, ,

but so mu ch suffe ri ng m ay fi tly b e endure d to purch as e so

mu ch k nowl edge Wh e n I h ear o f o ne o f th e s e ard ent
.
”

s ear ch e rs aft e r truth givi ng no t a h elpl e ss dumb anim al to

, ,

wh o m h e says in effect Y ou sh all suffe r th at I m ay k no w

, ,
”

but h is o wn p e rs o n to th e pro b e and to th e s calp el I will ,

b eli ev e in him as r eco g nisi ng a pri ncipl e o f j usti ce and I will ,

h o no ur h im as acti ng up to h is p r i ncipl e s B u t th e thi ng .

“

canno t b e ! cri e s s o m e a mi abl e r ead e r fr e sh fr o m an i nt e rvi e w

”
,

with th at m o st charmi ng o f m e n a L o nd o n physi ci an What, .

I s it p o ssibl e th at o ne so g entl e in m anne r so full o f no bl e ,

s e nt im ents can b e h ardh eart e d ? Th e v e ry id ea is an o utrage

,

t o co mm o n s e ns e A nd thus we a e dup e d ev e ry day o f o r ur

liv e s I s it p o ssibl e th at th at b ank direct o r with h is bro ad

.
,

h o ne st face can b e m editati ng a fraud ? Th at th e ch airm an

,

o f th at m e e ti ng o f sh ar e h o ld e rs wh o s e ev ery t o ne h as th e r ing
,

o f truth in it can h o ld in his h and a co o k e d s ch edul e o f “ ”

,

acco u nts ? That my wine m e rch ant so o utsp o k en so co n , ,

fi d ing can b e supplyi ng m e with an adult e rat e d arti cl e ? Th at

,

th e s ch oo lm ast e r to wh o m I h av e e ntru s
,
t ed my littl e b o y can ,

starv e o negl ect him ? H o w well I re m e mb e r his wo rds to

r

th e d ea r child wh e n l ast we p art e d Y o u ar e l eavi ng y o ur “

.

fri e nds h e s aid but yo u w ill h av e a fath e r in m e my d ear

,
”
, , ,

and a m o th e r in M s Squ e e rs ! F o all su ch r o s e co l o ure d

”
r . r -

dreams o f th e nece ss ary im mu nity fr o m hum an vi ce s of

edu cat e d m en th e facts in l ast wee k s Sp ta to h av e a t e rribl e
’
ec r

s ignifi cance Trust no m an furth e r th an yo u can see h im

“
,
”

th ey s ee m to say Q i vult d ecip i d ecipiat

. u ,
ur.
”
 L E I V] S CA RR OL L .
1 69

A ll o w m e to qu o t e fro m a m od er n writ er a few s ent ence s

b eari ng o n this subj ect .

We a e at pr e s ent l egisl atur e and nati o n t o g e th e r eag erly

r , ,

pushi ng fo rward s ch e m e s whi ch procee d o n th e p o stul at e th at

co ndu ct is d e t ermi ne d no t by fee li ngs ,
b u t by co g niti o ns , .

F or wh at els e is th e assumpti o n u nd e rlyi ng this anxi o us

urgi ng o n o f o rganis ati o ns fo r t eachi ng ? Wh at is th e ro o t
-

no ti o n co mm o n to Secul arists and D eno mi nati o nalists but th e

no ti o n th at spr ead o f k no wl edg e is th e o ne thi ng needful fo r

b ett eri ng b ehavi o ur ? H avi ng b o th swall owe d certai n statis

ti cal fall aci e s th er e h as gro wn up in th e m th e b eli ef th at
,

St at e e du cati o n will ch eck ill d o i ng This b eli ef in th e

-

m o ralisi ng e ffects of i nt ell ect u al cultur e fl atl y co ntradi ct ed by ,

facts is absurd a pr i or i
,
This faith in l ess o n b oo ks and
.
-

readi ngs is o ne o f th e sup erstiti o ns o f th e age N o t by .

precept th o ugh h eard d ail y ; no t by exampl e u nl e ss it is

, ,

fo ll o wed ; but o nly by acti o n o ft en caus e d by th e rel at ed

,

feeling can a m o ral h abit b e fo rm ed A nd yet this truth

,
.
,

whi ch m ent al s ci ence cl earl y t each e s and whi ch is in h arm o ny ,

w ith famili ar s ayi ngs is a tr u th wh o lly ig no r ed in curr ent

,

e du cati o nal fanati cisms

”
.

Th ere need no prais e s o f mi ne to co mm end to th e co n

sid erati on o f all th o ughtful read ers th e s e wo rds o f H erb ert
Sp ence r Th ey ar e to b e fo u nd in Th e Study o f So ci o l o gy
“
.

( -
PP 3 6 1- 3 7l
6
L et h o w ev er d o j u sti ce to s ci ence I t is no t so wh oll y
u s, , .

wanti ng as Mr H e rb ert Sp ence r wo uld h av e us b eli eve in

.

pri ncipl e s o f acti on pri ncipl e s by whi ch we m ay regul at e o u r

—

co ndu ct in life I mys elf o nce h eard an acco mplish ed m an o f

.

s ci ence d eclare th at his l ab o urs h ad taught him o ne sp eci al

p e rs o nal l ess on whi ch ab o ve all o th ers h e h ad l aid to h eart
, , .

A mi nut e study o f th e ne rv o us syst em and o f th e vari o us ,

fo rms o f p ai n pr o du ce d by wo u nds h ad inspired in him o ne

pro fo u nd r e s o luti o n ; and th at was wh at thi nk you neve r — —
,

u nd e r any circu mstance s to advent u r e h is o wn p ers o n int o th e

,
1 70 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

fi eld o f battl e ! I have s o m ewh e re read in a b o o k a rath er —

antiqu at e d b o ok I fe ar and o ne mu ch dis cr e dit e d by m o d e r n

, ,

lights th e wo rds th e wh o l e creati o n gr oane th and travail eth

—
,
“

in p ai n t o g eth e r u ntil no w Truly we r ead th e s e wo rds with a

.

ne w m eani ng in t h e pre s e nt d ay Groan and trav ail it ' “

u nd o ubtedly d o e s still (m o re th an ev er so fa as th e brut e ,

r

cr eati o n is co nce r ne d ) ; but to wh at end ? So m e high e r and

m o re gl o ri o us stat e ? So o ne might h ave said a few y ears
back N o t so in th e s e days Th e éx g éx
. o f s ecul ar
. r o r eto v

e du cati o n wh e n div o r ce d fr o m r eligi o us o m o ral tr ai ni ng is

,
r ,

I say it d elib e rat ely th e pur e st and m o st u nm itig at e d selfi sh

—

ne ss . Th e w o rld h as s een and tir ed o f th e wo rship o f N atur e ,

o f R eas o n o f Hum anity

,
fo r this ni ne t ee nth century h as b een
r es e rv e d th e d ev el o pm ent o f th e m o st refi ned religi on o f all
'

th e wo rship o f Self F or th at i nd ee d is th e u psh o t o f it all

.
, , .

Th e e nsl av e m ent o f his w eak e r br ethr en th e l ab o ur o f

th o s e wh o d o no t enj o y fo th e enj o ym ent o f th o s e wh o d o

,
r

no t l ab o ur —th e d e grad ati o n o f wo m an th e t o rt u r e o f th e —

anim al w o rld t h e s e ar e th e st e ps o f th e l add e r by whi ch m an

—

is as cendi ng to h is h igh e r civilis ati o n Selfi sh ness is th e k ey .

no t e o f all pur e l y s e cu l ar e du cati o n and I t ak e vivis ecti o n to

b e a gl ari ng a wh o ll y u nm ist ak abl e cas e in p o i nt

,
A nd let it .

no t b e th o ught th at this is an evil th at we can h o p e to see

produ ce th e g o o d for whi ch we ar e ask e d to t o l erat e it and ,

th en p ass away I t is o ne th at t ends co nti nu all y to spread

. .

A nd if it b e t o l er at e d o r even ig no r e d now th e age o f ,

u nivers al e du cati o n wh en th e s ci ences and anat o my am ong

, ,

th em sh all b e th e h e ritag e o f all will b e h erald e d by a c y o f

, ,
r

anguish fr o m th e brut e cr eati o n th at will ri ng thr o ugh th e

l ength and br eadth o f th e l and ! This th en is th e gl o rio us , ,

futur e to whi ch th e adv ocat e o f s ecul ar edu cati o n m ay l o ok

fo rward : th e d aw n th at gilds th e h o riz o n o f his h o p es ! A n
age wh en all fo rms o f r elig io us th o ught sh all b e th ings o f th e

past ; wh e n ch e m ist r y and bi o l o gy sh all b e th e A B C o f a

Stat e e du cati o n e nfo r ce d o n all ; wh en vivis ecti on sh all b e
H E RY
N H OL ID A Y IN H I S STUDI O .

Fr m
( o a r
ph otog aph ).
 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA R ROL L 1 73

t ak i ng S na rk as a p e rs o ni fi ca t i o n o f p o pu
th e

la r it y L ew i s C arro ll a l ways pro t e s te d t h at th e

.

p o e m h ad no m eani n g at a ll .

A s to th e m eani ng of th e Snark [h e wro t e to a fri end in

A m e ri ca] I m v e ry mu ch afraid I did n t m ean anythi ng but
’ ’
,

no ns e ns e ! Still you k no w wo rds m ean m o r e th an we m ean

, ,

t o e xpr e ss w h e n we u se th e m ; so a w h o l e b o o k o ught t o
m ean a gr eat d eal m o r e th an th e w rit e r m eans So what ev er .
,

g oo d m eani ngs ar e in th e b o o k I m gl ad to accept as th e ,

’

m eani ng o f th e b oo k Th e b est that I ve s een is b y a

.
’

l ady (sh e publish ed it in a l e tt er to a ne wsp ap er ) th at th e ,

wh o l e b o o k is an all eg o ry on th e s ear ch aft e r h appi ne ss I .

thi nk this fits in b eautifu lly in m any ways — p articul arly ab o u t

th e b athi ng m achi ne s -
wh en th e p eo pl e ge t weary o f life and ,

can t fi nd h appi ne ss in t o wns O in b o o ks th e n th e y rush o ff

’
r ,

t o th e s easid e t o se e wh at b athi ng m achi ne s will d o fo r th e m

,
-
.

M r H H o l i d ay in a v e r y i nt e r e s t i ng a r t i cl e o n
. .
,

Th e S na rk s S i g ni fi ca nce (
’
A ca dem
y J a nu a r
y ,

29 ,
q u o t e d th e i ns cr i p t i o n w h i ch M r .

D o dgs o n h ad w r i t t e n in a v e ll u m b o u nd p r e -
,

s e ntat io n co p o f th e
-
b ook I t i s so ch a r ac
y .

t e r is t ic t h at I t a k e th e l i b e r t y o f r e pr o d u cin g i t

h e re :

Pre s ent ed to H e nry H o lid ay m o st p ati ent o f art sts by i

Charl e s L D odgs o n m o st exacti ng but no t m o st u ngrat e ful

, ,

.
, ,

o f auth o rs Mar ch ,9 1 8 76 2 ,
.

A l i t t l e g i rl , to w h o m M r D o dgs o n h a d g i v e n
.
1 74 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF L E I VI S CARR OL L

a co p y o f t h e S na rk m ana ge d t o ge t th e w h o l e
,

po e m o ff b y h ea rt a nd i ns i s t e d o n r eci t i ng i t
,

fro m be g i nni ng t o e nd d u r i ng a l o ng ca rr i ag e
d r i v e H e r fr i e nds w h o fro m t h e na t u re o f th e
.
, ,

cas e w e r e u na bl e t o es ca pe no d o u b t w i sh e d t h a t
, ,

s h e t o o w as a B oo j u m
, ,
.

D u r i ng th e ye a r t h e fi rs t p u bl i c d ra m a t i c r ep r e
,

s cu t a ti o n o f A l i ce i n Wo nd e rl a nd w as g i v e n
“ ”

at th e P o l y t e ch ni c t h e e n t e rta i nm e nt ta k i ng t h e
,

fo rm o f a s e r i e s o f tableau x i nt e rsp e rs e d w i t h
,

a ppr o pr iat e r e a d i ngs an d s o ngs M r D o dgs o n . .

e x e r ci s e d a r i g i d ce ns o rsh i p o v e r all t h e e x
t r a neo u s m a t t e r i nt ro d u ce d i nt o th e p e rfo rm
a nce and p u t h i s v e t o u p o n a v e rs e i n o ne o f t h e
,

s o ngs i n w h i ch t h e dr o w ni ng o f k i t t e ns w as
,

t r ea t e d fr o m t h e h u m o r o u s po i n t o f v i ew l e s t ,

t h e ch i ldr e n i n t h e au d i e n ce m i gh t l e a r n t o t h in k

l i gh t l y o f d ea t h in t h e ca s e o f t h e l o we r an i m a ls .
 L EW I S CARROL L .

F
( r om a ph t gr ph )
o o a .
 C H A PT E R V

( 1 8 77— 1 883 )

Dr m
a a t ic t ast s Miss E ll en T erry N atural Science at
e — — “

Ox fo rd M Do dgso n as an artist M iss E G Th om

'

— r. — . .

so n — Th e drawi ng o f childr en A curi o us dr eam — Th e

D es erted Parks Syzygi es —Circus children— R ow
” “

l o vi ng u nd ergradu at es A l ett er to The Obser ver R esig

— —

nati o n o f th e L ectur e ship H e is el ect ed C u rat o r o f t h e

—

C o mm o n R o o m D r eam musi c
'

— -
.

R D OD G S ON S l ove
.
’
dr am a w as of th e

n o t as I h a v e sh o w
,
n a t as t e w h i ch h e ,

a cq u i r e d i n l a t e r ye ars F r o m earl y .

co ll e g e d a s h e ne v e r m i ss e d a n t h i ng w h i ch h e
y y
co ns i d e r e d w o r t h s ee i ng a t t h e L o nd o n t h e a t r e s .

I b e l i e v e h e u s e d to r e pr o ach h i m s el f u nfa i rl y —
,

I t h i nk — w i t h sp e nd i ng to o m u ch t i m e o n s u ch
r e cr ea t i o ns F o r a m an w h o w o rk e d so h a rd
.

and s o i nce ss ant l y as h e d i d ; fo r a m an t o

w h o m va cat i o ns m ea nt r at h e r a va r i a t i o n o f

m ent al e mpl o ym ent t h a n abs o l u t e r e s t o f mi nd ,

1 77
1 78 THE L I FE A N D L ETTE R S OF

th e dra m a affo rd e d j u s t th e s o r t o f r e l i e f t h a t w as
w a nt e d H i s v i v i d i m ag i na t i o n th e v e ry e ar ne s t
.
,

ne s s a nd i nt e ns i t y o f h i s ch a ra ct e r e nabl e d h i m

t o t hr o w h i ms e l f u t t e rl y i nt o t h e s p i r i t o f w h a t h e

saw u p o n t h e s t ag e and t o fo rg e t in i t all t h e

,

p e t t y w o rr i e s a nd d i s app o i nt m e nt s o f l i fe Th e .

o ld a d ag e s ays t h a t a m a n ca nno t b u r n t h e candl e

a t b o t h e nds ; l i k e m o s t pr o v e rbs i t i s o nl ar
, y p
t ially t r u e fo r o ft e n t h e h a rd e s t w o rk e r i s t h e
,

m a n w h o e nt e rs w i t h m o s t z e s t i n t o h i s r e cr e a o

t i o ns and t h i s w as emph at i ca ll y th e ca s e w i t h
,

M r D o dgs o n
. .

W al t e r P a t e r in h i s b o o k o n th e R e na i ss ance
, ,

s ays (I q u o te fro m r o u gh no t e s o nl y) A co u nt e d ,
“

nu mb e r o f p u ls e s o nl y i s g i v e n t o u s o f a va r i e

g at e d dra m a t i c l i fe H o w m ay w e s ee in t h e m
.

all t h a t i s t o b e s e e n in t h e m b y t h e fi ne s t s e ns e s

H o w sh all w e p ass m o s t s w i ft l y fr o m p o i nt t o
p o i nt and b e pre s e nt al w ays a t th e fo cu s w h e r e
,

t h e gr e a t e s t nu mb e r o f v i t a l fo r ce s u ni t e in t h e i r

p u r e s t e ne rgy ? To b u r n al w ays w i t h t h i s h a rd
e m l i k e fl a m e t o m a i nt a i n t h i s e cs t as y i s s u cce ss
-
g , ,

in l i fe H e r e w e h a v e th e t r u e r ph i l o s o ph y
.
,

h e r e w e h av e t h e s e cre t o f L e w i s C a rr o ll s l i fe ’
.

H e ne v e r w as t e d t i m e o n s o cia l fo rm al i t i e s ; h e
r e fu s e d to fu l fil a ny o f t h o s e (so ca ll e d ) d u t i e s
1 80 TH E LI FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

It d h ardl y b e s a i d t h at t h e l i t t l e g i rl w as
nee

M i ss C o ns t a nce G i l chr i s t M r D o dg s o n s e nt . .

”
h e r a co p y o f A l i ce in W o n d e rl and w i t h a s e t ,

o f v e rs e s o n h e r na m e .

M any p eo pl e o bj e ct al t o g e t h e r t o ch i ldr e n
a pp e a r i ng o n t h e s t ag e ; it i s s a i d t o b e b ad fo r

t h e i r m o rals as w e ll as fo r t h e i r h e al t h A l e t t e r .

w h i ch M r D o dg s o n o nce w r o t e in th e St
. .

’
a m es s Gaz ette co nt a i ns a s u ffi ci e nt r e fu t a t i o n
j
o f t h e l at t e r fancy :

I sp ent y esterd ay aft e rno o n at B right o n wh er e for fi ve ,

h o urs I e nj o y ed th e s o ci ety of three ex ceedi ngly happy and

h ealthy littl e g irls aged t wel ve ten and s even I think that
, , , .

any o ne wh o co uld h ave s een th e vig o ur o f life in th o s e thr ee

ch ildren th e i nt ensity with w hi ch th e y enj o y e d e v erythi ng

—
,

gr eat o r sm all that cam e in th eir way— wh o co uld hav e

,

wat ch ed th e y o u ng e r two ru nni ng race s o n th e Pi e r o r h av e ,

h eard th e fer vent excl am ati on o f th e eld e st at th e end o f th e

aft e r no o n We h a ve enj o y ed o u rs el ves
,
wo uld h av e agr ee d
w ith m e th at h e r e at l east th er e was no e x ce ssiv e physi cal “
, ,

strain no r any im m inent d ang er o f fatal re s u lts

,
”
A dr am a ,

writt e n by M Savil e Cl ark e is now b ei ng pl ay ed at B r ight o n

r. , ,

and in this (it is call ed A li ce in Wo nd e rl and

“
all thr e e ch il

dren h av e b een engag ed Th e y h ad b een acti ng ev e ry night

.

this week and twice o n th e d ay b efo re I m et th em th e s eco nd

, ,

p erfo rm ance l asti ng till h alf past ten at night aft e r whi ch th ey
-
,

got u p at seven next m o rni ng to b ath e ! Th at su ch (app a

~

r ently s eve r e wo rk sh o uld coe xist w ith bl oo mi ng h ealth and

)
bu o yant spirits s eems at first sight a p arad o x b u t I app eal to
any o ne wh o h as eve r work e d con a m or e at any subj ect w ha t
 LE I VI S
'

CARROLL 1 81

v r to s u pp o rt mein th e ass erti on that wh en yo u really l o v e

e e ,

th e sub j ect yo u a e wo rki ng at th e physi cal strai n is ab so “

r ,

lu tely nil ; it is o nly wh en wo rki ng ag ai nst th e grai n th at “ ”

any str ai n is felt and I b e li ev e th e app ar ent p ar ad o x is t o b e

,

expl ai ne d by th e fa ct th at a t ast e fo r a cting is o ne o f th e

str o ngest passi o ns o f hum an nat u re th at st ag e children sh ow it ,

-

nearly fr o m i nfancy and th at ,

i nstead o f b e i ng mis e rabl e
,

drudges wh o o ught to b e cel ebrat e d in a new Cry of th e “

Children th e y simply r ejoice in th eir wo rk ev en as a gi ant

,
” “

rej o i ceth to u n h is co urs e

r .
”

’
M r D o dgs o n s g e ne ral v i e w s o n th e m i s s i o n o f
.

th e dr a m a a r e w e ll sh o w n b a n e x t r act fr o m a
y
ci r cu l a r w h i ch h e s e nt t o m a n o f h i s fr i e nds in
y
1 88 2 :

Th e stag e (as ev ery pl ayg o er can t e stify ) is an e ngi ne o f

i ncal cul abl e p o we r fo r i nflu e ncing s o ci ety and ev ery effo rt to
purify and ennobl e its aims s ee ms to m e to d es erv e all th e
co u nt e nance th at th e gr eat and all th e m at e ri al h elp th at t h e
,

wealthy can giv e it ; whil e e ve n th o s e wh o ar e neith er gr eat

,

no r wealthy m ay ye t d o th eir p art and h elp t o ,

R ing o u t th e d a rk n s f th
es o e l and ,

C hr ist th t i t
”
R ing in th e a s o be .

’
I do no t k no w i f M r D o dgs o n s s u gg e s t e d .

a m e ndm e nt o f s o m e l i ne s in t h e M e r ch an t o f “

”
V e ni ce w as e v e r car r 1ed o u t b u t it fu r t h e r ,

i ll u s t r a t e s th e s e r i o u s v i e w h e to o k o f t h i s
s u bj e ct . Th e h i nt o ccu rs i n a l e t t e r to M i s s
E ll e n T e rr y w h i ch r u ns as fo ll o w s
,
1 82 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

Y gav e m e a treat o n Saturday su ch as I h av e very s eld o m

ou

h ad in m y life Y o u must b e w eary by th is tim e o f h eari ng

.

y ou r o wn prais es so I will o nly say that P o rtia was all I cou ld

,

E E TERR Y
ll )
LL N .

(F m ph t gr ph by L w i C
ro a o o a e s ar r o .

nav e im agi ned and m o r e

, A nd Shyl ock is sup erb — e sp ec1ally
.

in th tri al s c ne
e — e .

N o w I am g o i ng to b e v er y b o ld and m ak e a sugg e sti o n

, ,

whi ch I d o h o p e yo will thi nk well e no ugh o f to lay it b e fo r e

u

M I vi ng
r . r I w ant to see th at cl au s e o mitt e d (in th e
.

s ent ence o n Shyl o ck )

1 84 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CARR OL L
And I wo uld o mit Grati ano s thr ee li ne s ’
at Sh yl o ck s e xit
’
,
and

let th e t ext st and

D u he . Ge t h
t ee go ne , b u t d o it .
(E x it Shy lock ) .

Th e xit in s ol e m n sil e nce w o uld b e if p o ssibl e ev e n

e , , , ,

grand e r th an it no w is and w o uld l o s e no thi ng by th e o missi o n

,

o f Grati ano s fl ippant j e st

’
.

On t h h e saw N e w Me n and Old

J a nu a r y 16
“

A cre s at th e C o u r t T h e a t r e Th e t w o au t h o r s .

o f t h e p i e ce s D u b o u rg and To m T ayl o r w e r e
, ,

”
gr ea t fr i e nds o f h i s I t w a s a r e al t r e at
. he ,

w ri tes , b e i ng w e ll a ct e d in e v e r y d e t a i l E ll e n
“
.

T e rry w as w o nd e rfu l a nd I sh o u ld t h i nk u nsu r

,

”
p ass abl e in all b u t t h e l i gh t e r p a r t s M r D o dgs o n . .

h i ms elf h ad a s t r o ng w i sh t o b eco m e a dra m a t i c

a u t h o r b u t a ft e r o ne o r t w o u ns u cce ssfu l a t t e mp t s
, ,

t o ge t h is pl ays pr o d u ce d h e w i s e l y g av e u p t h e ,

i d ea r eal i s i ng t h at h e h ad no t th e nece ss a ry
,

co ns t r u c t i v e p o w e rs Th e ab o v e r e fe r e nce t o
.

’
M i ss E ll e n T e rr y s act i ng i s o nl y o ne o u t o f a
co u n t l e ss nu mb e r t h e gr e a t a ct r e ss a nd h e w e r e

e x ce ll e nt fr i e nds a nd s h e d i d h i m m a n a k i nd
, y
ne s s 1n h e l p i ng o n yo u ng fr i e nds o f h is w h o h ad

t a k e n u p t h e s t ag e as a pr o fe s s i o n .

Sh e a nd h e r s i s t e r M i ss K a t e T e rr y w e r e
, ,

a m o ng t h e d i s t i ng u i sh e d p e o pl e w h o m h e ph o t o
 TOM TA Y OR
L

r ll )
.

Fr m
( o a r
ph otog aph by Lewis C a r o .
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

graph e d Th e firs t t i m e h e saw th e l a t t e r act r e ss

.

w as I t h i nk in 1 8 5 8 w h e n s h e w a s pl ay i ng in
, , ,

Th e ge m o f
’

Th e T e mp e s t at t h e Pr i nce ss s
“ “
.

K TE TERRY
A

ll )
.

Fr m
( o a pho togr aph by L ewis Ca r
ro .

th e p i e ce h e w r i t e s w as t h e e xq u i s i t e l y grace
, ,

fu l a nd b e au t i fu l A r i e l M i ss K at e T e rr y
, H er .

a pp e a ra nce a s a sea nymph w as o ne o f th e m o s t

-
1 88 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE R S OF

a tt e nti on o f ou r no n r esid ents and o f all int erest ed in Oxfo rd

-
,

edu cati o n whil e th e thi ck end is still l o o mi ng in th e “ ”

,

d istance B u t why fear a thi ck end at all ? I sh all b e

.
“ ”

ask ed H as N atural Sci ence sh o w n any su ch t end ency o r

.
,

giv en any reas o n to fear that su ch a co nce ssi o n w o uld l ead to

furth e r d em ands ? I n answ er to th at qu esti o n le t m e sk et ch , ,

in dram ati c fashi o n t h e hist o ry o f h er r ecent car eer in Oxfo rd

I n th e d ark ag e s o f o u U niv e rsity (s o m e fi ve and tw enty y ears
.
,

r - -

ago
),
whil e we still b eli e v ed in cl assi cs and m ath e m ati cs as

co nstituti ng a lib e ral e du cati o n N atural Sci ence sat w ee pi ng at ,

ou r gat e s A h let m e in !
.
“
sh e m o aned ;
, wh y cr am
” “

relu ctant yo uth with y o ur u ns atisfyi ng l o re ? A r e th ey no t

hu ngeri ng fo b o nes; yea p anti ng fo s u lph u rett ed hydr o g en ?
r
’

,
r
”

We h eard and we piti e d We let h er in and h o us e d h e . r

ro yally we ad o rned h er p al ace with rea ge nts and re t o rts and ,

m ad e it a very ch ar nel h ou s e o f b ones and we cri ed to o u r -

,

u nd ergradu at es Th e feast o f Sci ence is spread E at dri nk

, , ,

and b e h appy ! B u t th ey wo uld not Th ey fi ng er ed th e

”
.

b o nes and th o ught th e m d r y Th ey s niffe d at th e hydr o g en

,
.
,

and tur ne d away Y e t for all th at Sci ence ceas e d no t t o c y

. r ,
“
Mo r e g o ld m o re g o ld ! ,
A nd h er th ee f air d aught e rs
”
r ,

Che mistry B i o l o gy and Physics (for th e m o de r n h o rse l eech

, ,
-

is m o re pro li fi c th an in th e d ays o f So l o m o n) ceas ed no t to ,

pl ead Give give ! A nd we gave ; w e p o ured fo rth o

,
“
,
”
ur

w ealth lik e wat er (I b eg h e p ard o n lik e H O) and we co uld r , , ,

no t h elp thi nki ng th e r e was s o m e thi ng we ird and u ncanny in

th e gh o ul lik e facility with whi ch sh e abs o rb ed it
-
.

Th e curt ai n is e s o n th e s eco nd act o f t h e dr am a

r Sci ence .

is still w ee pi ng but this tim e it is fo r l ack o f pupils no t

, ,

o f t each e rs o r m achi ne ry We a e u nfairly h andi capp ed ! . r

”

sh e cri e s Y o h av e pri e s and s ch o l arships fo r cl ass ics and

“
. u z

m athe m ati cs and you brib e y ou r b est st u d ents to d e s ert us

,
.

B y u s s o m e bright cl ev e r b o ys t o t each and th en see wh at

u , ,

we can d o ! Once m o r e we h eard and piti e d

”
We h ad .

b o ught h er b one s we b o ught h er b oys And now at l ast h er .

 LE WI S CA RROL L 1 89

h alls were filled— not o nl y with teach ers paid to t each b u t als o ,

with l earners paid to l ear n A nd we h av e no t mu ch to co m

.

pl ai n o i in results except that p erh aps sh e is a littl e to o r eady

,

to r e tur n o n o u r h ands all b u t th e h o no ur m en — all in fact

“ ”
-
, ,

wh o r eall y nee d th e h elpi ng h and o f an e d u cat o r H er e “

.
,

t ak e back y ou r stupid o nes l sh e cri e s E x cept as subj ects

”
.
“

fo r th e s calp e l (and we h ave no t yet go t th e Hum an Vi vis ecti o n

A ct thr o ugh P arliam ent ) we can d o no thi ng with th e m
Th e third act of th e dram a is yet u nd e r r eh ears al ; th e act o rs
a e still r u nni ng in and o u t o f th e gr een r oo m
r and h astily -
,

shuffli ng on th eir new and ill fitting dr ess e s ; but its g eneral
-

s co p e is not far to s eek A t no dist ant day ou r o nce timid and

.

t earful g u est will b e tur ni ng u p h er no s e at th e fare pro vid ed

for h er . Gi ve m e no m o re yo u ths to t each sh e will say ;
“
,
”

“
but pay m e h ands o m ely and let m e thi nk Pl at o and
A rist o tl e we r e all v e ry we ll in th eir way ; D i og ene s and his tub
.
,

fo r m e Th e allusi on is no t i nappr o priat e Th er e can b e .

littl e d ou bt th at s o m e o f th e r es earch es condu ct ed by th at

r etiri ng phil o s o ph e r in th e recess e s of th at humbl e e difi ce were
stri ctly s ci entifi c e mbraci ng s everal distinct branch e s o f ent o
,

I d o no t m ean o f co urs e th at r e s earch is a new ”

m olo gy .
, ,
“

id ea in Oxfo rd Fr o m tim e imm em orial we have h ad o u r o wn

.

ch o s en b and o f r e s earch e rs h er e call ed pr f ss rs h v

(
“
o e o w h o a e

ad vance d th e b o u nd ari e s o f hum an k no wl e dg e in m any d ir ec

tions Tru e th ey ar e no t l e ft so wh o lly to th ems elv es as s o m e

.
,

o f th e s e m o d e r n thin k ers wo u ld wish to b e but ar e e xp e ct e d to ,

gi ve s o m e few l ect u r e s as th e o utco m e o f th eir r es earch and

,
”

th e evid ence o f its r eality but ev en th at conditi o n h as no t

,

al ways b een e nfo r ce d — fo r i nst ance in th e cas e of th e l at e

Pro fe ss o r o f Gr eek D r Gaisfo rd th e U ni versity was too co n
,

.
, ,

s ci o u s o f th e r eally val u abl e wo rk h e was d o i ng in phil o l ogi cal

res ear ch to co mpl ai n that b e ig no red th e u s u al duti e s o f th e
ch air and d eliv e r e d no l ect u r e s .

A nd no w wh at is th e
, , thi ck end o f th e wedge ? I t is
“

t h at L ati n and Gr ee k m ay both vanish fr o m o u r curri cul u m ;

1
90 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF

th at l o gi c phil o s ophy and hist o ry m ay fo ll o w ; and th at th e

, ,

d esti ni e s o f Oxfo rd m ay s o m e day b e in th e h ands of th o s e wh o

have h ad no e du cati o n o th er th an s ci entifi c A nd why no t ? .
”

I sh all b e ask e d .I s it no t as high a fo rm o f edu ca ti o n as any

o th e r ? Th at is a m att e r to b e s ettl ed by facts I can but .

o ffe r my o wn littl e it e m o f evid ence and l eav e it to o th e rs to

,

co nfi m o r t o r e fu t e
r I t us e d o nce t o be th o ught i ndisp e ns abl e
.

fo an e d u cat e d m an th at h e sh o uld b e abl e to wr it e his o wn

r

langu age co rrectl y if no t el egantl y ; it s eems d o ubtful h ow

,

mu ch l o ng er this will b e tak en as a crit erio n N o t so m any .

y ears ago I h ad th e h o no ur o f as sisti ng in co rr ecti ng fo r th e

pr e ss s o m e page s o f th e A nth r opologica l Review o r s o m e su ch ,

p erio di cal I d o ubt no t th at th e w rit ers we re e mi ne nt m en in

.

th eir o wn li ne ; that each co uld tri u mph antly pro ve to h is o wn ,

satisfacti on th e u ns o u nd ne ss o f wh at th e o th ers h ad advanced ;

,

and th at all wo uld u nit e in d ecl ari ng th at th e th e o rie s o f a y ear

ago wer e e ntir ely expl o d ed by th e l at e st G e rm an tr eatis e but

th ey we re no t abl e to set forth th es e th o ughts h o w ever co n ,

s oli ng in th ems elve s in anythi ng res embli ng th e l angu ag e o f

,

e du ca t e d s o ci e ty I n all my exp e ri ence I h ave ne v er r ead

.
, ,

e v e n in th e l o cal news o f a co u ntry pap er su ch slipsh o d

“
, ,

su ch d epl o rabl e E nglish .

I sh all b e t o ld th at I am u ng ene r o us in thus pi cki ng o u t

a few u nfav o urabl e cas e s and th at s o m e o f th e gr eat e st m i nds
,

o f th e d ay ar e t o b e fo u nd in th e ranks o f s ci ence I fr eely

admit th a t s u ch m ay b e fo u nd b u t my co nt e nt o n I s th at th ey
.

, i

m ad e th e s ci ence not th e s ci ence th em and that in any li ne

,

o f th o ught th e y wo uld h av e b een e qu ally disti ngu ish e d As a .

general pri ncipl e I d o not thi nk that th e e xclusive study o f any

,

o ne sub j ect is r eally e du cati o n and my e xp e ri e nce as a

t each er h as sh o w n m e that ev en a co nsid erabl e pro fi ci ency in

N atur al Sci ence tak en al o ne is so far fro m pr ovi ng a high
, ,

d egree o f cultivati o n and gr eat natural ability that it is fully

co mp atibl e with g ener al ig no rance and an i nt e ll ect quit e b el o w

p a r . Th e r e fo r e it is th at I s eek to r o us e an i nt e r est b e y o nd ,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF
“

1 92

t h at t h ey h a d pl e as e d o t h e rs N o t e s l i k e th e .

fo ll o w i ng ar e fr e q u e nt in h i s D i ar y : [ f u ne 2 5 th .

Sp e nt t h e a ft e r no o n in s e nd i ng o ff s e v e nt y
’
ci r cu l a rs t o H o sp i t als o ffe r i ng co p i e s o f A l i ce ‘
-
,

L o o k i ng G l ass fo r s i ck ch i ldre n H e
i

a nd t h e
‘
-
.

w ell d e s e r v e d t h e na m e w h i ch o ne o f h i s a dm i r e rs
gav e h i m Th e m an w h o l o v e d l i t t l e ch i ldr e n .

I n A pr i l 1 8 78 h e saw a p e rfo rm a nce o f

, ,

Ol i v ia at t h e C o u r t Th e at r e Th e ge m o f .
“

t h e p i e ce i s O l i v i a h e rs e l f a ct e d b y E ll e n T e rr y,

w i t h a mee t ne ss a nd path o s t h a t m o v e d s o m e
'

o f th e a u d i e nce (ne a rl y i ncl u d i ng m y s e lf ) t o t e a rs

’

H e r l e a v e t a k i ng w a s e xq u i s i t e ; a nd w h e n in h e r
-
,

e x i l e sh e h ea rs t h at h e r l i t t l e br o t h e r h a d cr i e d a t
,

th e m e nt i o n o f h e r na m e h e r e x cl a m a t i o n P e t ! ,

w as t e nd e r ne ss i t s e lf A l t o g e t h e r I h av e no t h ad
.
,

a gr e at e r dra m a t i c t r ea t fo r a l o ng t i m e D ies .

’
cr etd nota na u s .

I s ee t h a t I h a v e m a rk e d fo r q u o t a t i o n th e

fo ll o w i ng br i e f e nt r i e s in t h e D i a r y
A u g 4 ih
.
[ stb o ur
atne] W
Ea ent m o r ni ng and e v e ni ng t o
.
— “
, ,

th e new ch ap el o f ease b el o ngi ng t o S Savi o ur s

’
- -
I t h as th e . .

imm ens e advantage o f not b ei ng cr o wd ed ; but this s ca rcely

co mp ens at e s fo r th e vil e Gr eg o rian ch ants w hich ve a nd ,
x

weary o ne s ear
’
.

A ug 7ih . 1 A v e ry i nquis itiv e p ers o n wh o h ad s o m e children

.
—
,

with h e fo u nd o u t my nam e and th en ask ed m e to sh ak e

r, ,
 LE WI S CA RR OL L 1
93

h an ds with h er child as an adm ire r o f my b o oks this I d id

, ,

u nwis ely p erh aps as I h av e no i nt enti o n o f cont inu i ng th e

,

acq u aint ance o f a Mr s L eo Hu nt e r

. .
”

Dec 2 3 r d — I h av e b een m aki ng a pl an fo r wo rk next t erm

. .
,

o f this ki nd Cho o s e a s u bj ect

: Circul ati on J o urneys ,
” ‘5

o f S P a ul E nglish C o u nti e s fo r each w eek On Mo nd ay

”
. .
,

writ e wh at I k no w ab o ut it d u ri ng w eek get up subj ect o n

Saturd ay writ e agai n put th e two p ap ers away and si m o nths ,
x

aft er war ds writ e ag ai n and co mp ar e .

A s a n a r t i s t M r D o dgs o n p o ss e s s e d an i nt e ns e
, .

nat u r a l a ppr e ci a t i o n o f t h e b eau t i fu l an a bh o r ,

r e nce o f a ll t h at i s co a rs e and u ns e e ml y w h i ch
m i gh t al m o s t b e call e d h yp e r r efi ne m e nt a -
,

w o nd e rfu ll y g o o d e ye fo r fo rm a nd l as t b u t
, ,

no t l e a s t t h e m o s t s cr u p u l o u s co ns ci e nt i o u s ne ss
,

a b o u t d e t ai l On th e o t h e r h and h i s s e ns e o f
.

co l o u r w as s o m e w h a t i mp e rfect and h i s h and ,

w a s a l m os t t o t all y u n t r ai ne d so t h at w h i l e h e
,

h ad a ll t h e e nt h u s ia sm o f th e t r u e a r t i s t h i s ,

w o rk al w a ys h a d t h e d e fe ct s o f a n a m a t e u r .

I n 1 8 78 s o m e dra w i ngs o f M i ss E G e r t r u d e .

’
Th o ms o n s e x ci te d h i s k e e n adm i r a t i o n and h e ,

e x e r t e d h i ms e l f t o m a k e h e r a cq u ai nt ance Th e i r .

fi rs t m e e t i ng is d e s cr i b e d so w e ll b y M i ss Th o ms o n
h e rs e l f i n Th e Gentle wom an fo r J a nu ar y 2 9 1 8 98 , ,

t h a t I canno t d o b e t t e r t h a n q u o t e t h e d e s cr i p t i o n
o f t h e s ce ne as g i v e n t h e r e

I
4
 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

I t was at th e end o f D
mb er 8 78 th at a l etter written
e ce ,
1 , ,

in a si ngul arly l egibl e and rath e r b o yish l ooki ng h and cam e to

-

C L D o dgs on
,

m e fr o m Christ Chur ch Oxfo rd sig ned

”
. . .
, ,

Th e writ er s aid th at h e h ad co m e acr o ss s o m e fairy d e sig ns o f

mi ne and h e sh o uld lik e to see s o m e m o re o f my wor k B y
, .

I E G ERTR U D E
0

M SS . TH OMSON .

th es am e p o st cam e a l etter fr o m my L o nd o n pu blish er (wh o

h ad s uppli ed my addr e ss t e lli ng m e that th e
) R ev C L “

D odgson was L ewis Carro ll

” “
.
”
. . .

“
A li ce in Wo nd erl and h ad l o ng b een o ne f my
”
b k
o p e t o o s ,
and as o ne r eg ards a favo u rit
e au th o r as alm o st a p ers o nal
1 96 THE L I FE A N D L ETTERS OF

w o rd th at I w as in t o w n One night co m ing i nt o my ro o m

.
, ,

aft e r a l o ng d ay sp e nt at th e B ritish M us e um in th e h ii lf

R ev C L D o dgs o n
,

light I saw a card ly ing o n th e tabl e . . . . .

B itt e r i nd eed was my dis app o i ntm ent at h avi ng miss e d him
but j ust as I was l ayi ng it sadly d o w n I spi e d a sm all T O
, , ,

. .

in th e co rne r On th e b ack I r ead th at h e co uld n t get up to

’
.

my r o o ms early o r l at e eno ugh to fi nd m e so wo uld I ar ang e , r

to m ee t h im at s o m e m u s e um o gall ery th e day but o ne r

fo ll owi ng ? I fix ed o n So uth K e nsi ngto n Mu s eu m b y th e ,

Schli e m ann co ll ecti on at tw elv e o cl o ck

“ ’
.
,

A littl e b efo r e t we lv e I was at th e r end ezv o us and th en ,

th e hum o ur o f th e situ ati o n s u dd e nly stru ck m e th at I h ad ,

no t th e gh o st o f an id ea w h at h e w as lik e nor w o uld h e h av e ,

any b ett e r ch ance o f dis co v e ri ng m e ! Th e r o o m was fairly

full o f all s o rts and co nditi o ns as usu al and I gl anced at each
, ,

m as culine figure in tur n o nly to r ej ect it as a p o ssibility o f

,

th e o ne I s o ught Just as th e b ig cl ock h ad cl ang e d o u t

.

t welve I h eard th e high vivaci o us v o i ce s and l aught e r o f

,

child ren s o u ndi ng d o w n th e co rrid o r .

A t th at m o m ent a g entl e m an e nt e r ed tw o littl e girls cli ng ,

ing to his h ands and as I ca ught sight o f t h e t all slim figur e

, ,

with th e cl ean sh av e n d eli cat e r e fi ne d face I s aid to mys elf

-
, , ,

Th a t s L ewis C arro ll H e st oo d fo a m o m ent h ead e r ect

’
. r , ,

gl anci ng swiftly o ve r th e ro o m th e n b endi ng d o wn whisp e r ed

, , ,

so m éth ing to o ne o f th e childr e n sh e aft e r a m o m ent s p aus e

’
, ,

p o i nt ed straight at m e .

Dr o ppi ng th e ir h ands h e ca m e fo rward and w ith th at ,

w i nni ng smil e o f h is th at utt e rly b anish e d t h e o ppr e ssiv e s ens e

o f th e O fo rd d o n s aid simply
x I am Mr D o dgs o n ; I was
, ,
“
.

to m ee t yo u I thi nk ? To whi ch I as frankly smil ed and

”
, ,

s aid H o w d id yo u k no w m e so s o o n ?
,
”

“
My l ittl e fri end fo u nd you I t o ld h e I h ad co m e to
. r

m eet a yo u ng l ady wh o k new fairi e s and sh e fixed o n yo u at ,

B u t I k new yo u b efo r e sh e sp ok e
”
o nce . .
 LE WI S CA RROL L 1 97

Th i s acq u a i nta n ce r i p e ne d i n t o a t r u e a r t i s t i c
fr i e ndsh i p w h i ch l as t e d t i ll M r D o dgs o n s d e at h
,
. .

I n h i s firs t l e t t e r t o M i ss Th o ms o n h e sp ea ks o f
h i ms elf a s o ne w h o fo r t w e nty ye a rs h a d fo u n d
h i s o ne a m u s e m e nt in ph o t o gra ph i ng fr o m l i fe
—
e sp e ci a ll
y ph o to gr a ph i ng ch i ldr e n h e a ls o s ai d

t h at h e h ad m ad e a t t e mp ts ( m o s t u ns u cces s “

”
fu ll y ) a t draw i ng t h e m W h e n h e go t to k n o w
.

h e r m o r e i nt i m at e l y h e a sk e d h e r t o cr i t i ci s e h i s
,

w o rk a nd w h e n sh e w r o te e xpr e ss i ng h e r w i ll i ng
,

n e ss t o d o so h e s e nt h e r a p i l e o f sk e tch b o o ks
,
-
,

t h r o u gh w h i ch sh e w e nt m o s t ca r e fu ll y m a rk i ng ,

t h e m i s t a k e s a nd cr i t i ci s i ng w h e r e v e r cr i t i ci s m
, ,

s ee m e d t o b e ne ce ssa ry .

A ft e r t h i s h e m i gh t o ft e n h av e b ee n s e e n i n h e r
s t u d i o l yi ng fl at o n h i s face an d d r a w i ng s o m e
, ,

ch i ld m o d e l w h o h a d b e e n e ng ag e d fo r h i s e sp e ci a l
-

”
b e ne fi t . I love th e e ffo r t t o draw h e w ro t e i n ,

o ne o f h i s l e t t e rs t o h e r b u t I u t t e rl y fai l to
“
,

’
pl ea s e e ve n m y o w n e ye t h o no w and t h e n I
—

s ee m t o ge t s o m e w h e re nea r a r i gh t l i ne o r t w o ,

w h e n I h a v e a l i v e ch i l d t o dr a w fr o m But I .

h av e no t i m e l e ft no w fo r s u ch t h i ngs I n t h e .

ne x t l i fe I d o h op e w e sh a l l no t o nl y see l o v e l y
,

fo rms s u ch a s t h i s w o rld d o e s no t co nt a i n b u t
, ,

a ls o b e abl e to dr a w t h e m .
1 98 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

Bu t wh ile h e fu ll y r e co g ni s e d th e l i mi t s of h i s
p o w e rs h e h ad gr e at fai t h in h i s o w n cr i t i cal
,

j u dgm e nt and w i t h go o d r eas o n fo r h i s p e r cep t i o n ,

of t h e b e au t i fu l i n co nt o u r a nd at t i t u d e an d
gr o u p i ng w a s al m o s t u ne rr i ng A ll t h e dra w i ngs
.

w h i ch M i s s Th o ms o n m ad e fo r his T hr ee “

S u ns e t s w e re s u bm i t t e d t o h i s cr i t i ci sm w h i ch ,

d e s ce nd e d t o th e sm all es t d e t ai ls H e co ncl u d e s .

a l e t t e r t o h e r w h i ch co ntai ne d th e m o s t e l ab o r at e
,

a nd m i nu t e s u gg e s t i o ns fo r t h e i mpr o v e m e nt o f

o ne o f t h e s e p i ct u r e s w i t h t h e fo ll o w i ng w o rds :
,

“
I m a k e all th e s e s u gge s t i o ns w i t h diffi de nce ,

fe el i ng t h a t I h av e r eally no r i gh t at all a s an ,

a m a t eu r t o cr i t i ci s e th e w o rk o f a r e al a r t i s t
, .

Th e fo ll o w i ng e x t ract fr o m a no t h e r l e t t e r t o
M i ss Th o ms o n sh o w s t h at s ee k i ng a ft e r p e rfect i o n ,

t h a t d i s co nt e nt w i t h e v e r yt h i ng sh o r t o f t h e b es t ,

w h i ch w as s o m a rk e d a fe a t u r e o f h i s ch a ra ct e r .

Sh e h ad s e nt h i m t w o d r aw i ngs o f t h e h ea d o f
s o m e ch i ld fr i e nd o f h i s
-

Y r not is p zzl
ou e a u e— yo u say th at
w ou ld h ave b een
No . 2

still m o re lik e if th e pape r h ad b een exactly th e s am e sh ad e

but I d no m or e at h and of th e d ark e r co l o ur H ad I given
’
.
”

yo u th e impr e ssi o nth at I was in a h u r ry and was w illi ng to ,

h av e N o 2 less go o d th an it m igh t b e m ad e so l o ng as I co uld

.
,

h av e it qu ick ? I f I d id I m v ery s o rry I nev e r m ea nt to say

,
’
:

a wo rd lik e it and if you h ad writt en I cou ld m ak e it st ill

“
: ,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF
‘

o p i ni o n t h e m o s t Su cce ssfu l draw e rs o f ch i ldr e n

,

Th e r e a r e b u t fe w a r t i s t s w h o s ee m t o d ra w th e
fo rms o f ch i ld re n con a m or e W al t e r C r a n e i s
.

p e rh ap s t h e b e s t (al w ays e x ce p t i ng S i r N o e l
P a t o n) b u t th e t h i ck o u t l i ne s w h i ch h e i ns i s t s o n
,

u s i ng s ee m t o t a k e o ff a g o o d d ea l fr o m t h e
”
b e au t y o f t h e r e s u l t .

H e h eld t h a t no a r t i s t can h o p e t o e ffe ct a

h i gh e r t yp e o f b eau t y t h a n t h at w h i ch l i fe i t s el f
e xh i b i t s a s t h e fo ll o w ing w o rds sh o w
,

I d o n t quit e u nd erst and ab ou t fairi es l o s ing grace if to o

’
,

lik e hum an children Of co urs e I grant th at to b e lik e s o m e

.

a ctu a l child is to l o s e gr ace b ecaus e no livi ng child is p e rfe ct

,

in fo rm m any caus e s h ave l o we r ed th e race fr o m wh at Go d

:

m ad e it B u t th e perf ect h u m an fo rm free fro m th e s e faults

.
, ,

is surel y e qu ally appli cabl e to m en and fairi e s and angels ?

, ,

P e rh aps th at is wh at yo u m ean— th at th e A rt ist can im agine ,

and d e sig n m o r e p e rfect fo rms th an we ev e r fi nd in life ?

,

I h av e a l r ead y r e fe rr e d s ev e ral t i m e s t o M i ss
E ll e n T e rr y a s h a v i ng b ee n o ne o f M r D o dgs o n s .
’

fr i e nds b u t h e w as i nt i m at e w i t h t h e w h o l e fa m i l y
, ,

a nd u s e d o ft e n t o p ay t h e m a v i s i t w h e n h e w a s

in t o w n O n May 1 5 1 8 79 h e r e co rds a v e r y
.
, ,

cu r i o u s dr e a m w h i ch h e h a d a b o u t M i s s M a r i o n

P o ll y T e rr y
La st night I h ad a dream whi ch I r eco rd as a c uri o sity , so
 L E WI S CARROL L 20 1

far as k now in th e lit erature o f dreams I was stayi ng with

I ,
.
,

my sist ers in s o m e sub u rb o f L o nd o n and h ad h eard th at th e

, ,

Terrys were stayi ng near u s so went to call and fo u nd M s , ,

r .

Terr y at h o m e wh o t o ld u s th at Mari o n and Fl o r ence were

,

at th e th eatr e th e Walt e r H o us e wh ere th ey h ad a g o o d

“ ”
, ,

eng ag e m ent I n th at cas e I s aid I ll go o n th er e at

“ ” “ ’
.
, ,

o nce and see th e p e rfo rm ance

, and m ay I t ak e P o lly with —

me ?
”
C ert ai nly s aid Mr s Te rry A nd th ere was P o lly
“
,
. .
,

th e child s ea t e d in th e r o o m and l o o ki ng ab o ut ni ne o r te n
, ,

years o ld : and I was disti nctly co ns ci o us o f th e fact yet w ith ,

o u t any feeli ng o i surpris e at its i nco ngruity th at I was g o i ng ,

to t ak e th e ch ild P o lly with m e t o th e th eatr e to see th e ,

gr ow n u
p P-o lly ac t ! B o th pi c tur e s — P o ll
y as a child and ,

P o lly as a wo m an ar e I s u pp o s e eq u ally cl ear in my o rdi nary

, , ,

waki ng m em o ry and it s ee m s th at in sl ee p I h ad co ntriv ed to

:

gi ve th e two pi ct u res s ep arat e i ndividu aliti es .

Of all th e
m a t h e m a t i ca l b o o ks w h i ch M r .

D o dgs o n w r o t e b y fa r th e m o st e l ab o ra t e i f no t
, ’
,

th e m o s t o r i g i na l w as E u cl i d an d H i s M o d e r n
,
“

R i vals Th e fi rs t e d i t i o n w as i ss u e d in 1 8 79
.
,

a nd a s u ppl e m e nt a ft e r w a rds i nco rp o ra t e d i nt o

,

th e s e co nd e d i ti o n a pp ea r e d in 1 8 8 5 ,
.

T h i s b o o k a s th e a u t h o r s a ys h as fo r i t s o bj e ct
, ,

to furnish evid ence ( ) th at it is ess enti al for th e purp o s es o f

1

t eachi ng o r exami ni ng in E l e m entary G eo m e try to e mpl oy o ne

t ext b oo k o nly ; (2 ) th at th ere ar e stro ng a pr ior i reas o ns fo r
-

ret ai ni ng in all its m ain feature s and e sp eci ally in its s equ ence ,

and numb e ri ng o f Pr o p o siti o ns and in its tr eatm e nt o f P arall els , ,

th e Manu al o f E u clid ; and (3 ) th at no su ffi ci ent r eas o ns h av e

y b een sh o w n for ab and o ni ng it in fav o ur o f any o ne o f th e

et
m od ern Manu als whi ch h ave b een o ffe red as substitut es .
202 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

Th e b o o k i s w r i t t e n in dra m a t i c fo rm and ,

r e l i e v e d t hr o u gh o u t b y m a ny t o u ch e s in th e
a u t h o r s h app i e s t v e i n w h i ch m a k e it d e l i gh t fu l
’

no t o nl y t o th e s ci e nt i fi c r e a d e r b u t als o t o any o ne
,

o f a v e r age j nt e llige nce w i t h t h e sl i gh t e s t s e ns e o f

h u mou r .

W h e t h e r th e co ncl u s i o ns ar e acce p t e d i n t h e i r
e nt i r e t y o r no t i t i s ce r t a i n t h a t t h e a rg u m e nt s
,

a r e far m o r e e ffe ct i ve t h an i f th e w r i t e r h a d
pr es e nt e d t h e m in th e fo rm o f an e ss ay M r . .

D o dgs o n h ad a w i d e e xp e r i e nce as a t each e r

and e x a m i ne r s o t h at h e k ne w w e ll w h a t h e w a s
,

w r i t i ng a b o u t a nd u nd o u b t e dl y t h e a pp e a r a nce o f
,

t h i s b o o k h a s d o ne v e r y m u ch t o s t ay th e h a nd o f
t h e i nno v a t o r .

Th e s ce ne o p e ns in a C o ll eg e s t u d y t i m e m i d—
,

ni gh t . M i no s a n e x a m i ne r i s d i s co v e r e d s eat e d
, ,

b e t w e e n t w o i mm e ns e p i l e s o f m anu s cr i p t s H e .

i s dr i v e n al m o s t t o d i s t ract i o n i n h i s e ffo r t s t o
m ark fa i rl y th e p ap e rs s e nt u p b y r eas o n o f t h e
,

co nfu s i o n cau s e d t hr o u gh t h e ca nd i d a t e s o ffe r i ng

v a r i o u s s u bs t i t u t e s fo r E u cl i d Rh ad am ant h u s
.
,

a no t h e r e q u all y d i s t r ac t e d e x a m i ne r co m e s t o h i s
,

ro o m .

Th e t w o m e n co ns u l t t o g e t h e r fo r a t i m e and ,

th e n R h a d am a nt h u s r e t i r e s a nd Mi n o s falls a sl ee p
, .
 TH E L I FE A N D LETTE RS OF

w h i ch r ej e ct E u cl i d s t r e a t m e nt o f P a rall e l s ar e
’

d eal t w i t h o ne b y o ne Th o s e M anu als w h i ch .

a d o p t i t ar e r e s e r v e d fo r A ct I I I S ce ne i w h i l e.
, .

in S ce ne Th e S yll ab u s o f t h e A ss o ci a t i o n fo r
t h e I mpr o v e m e nt o f G e o m e t r i cal T e ach i ng an d ,

’
Wi l s o n s S yll ab u s co m e u nd e r r e v i e w
“
, .

O nl y o ne o r t w o e x t ract s ne e d b e g i ve n w h i ch , ,

i t i s h o p ed w i ll su ffi ce to i ll u s t r a t e th e ch aract e r
,

a nd s t l e o f th e b o o k :
y
A ct I I .S ce ne v N i e m and and M i no s a r e
,
.
-

a rg u i ng fo r a nd ag a i ns t H e nr ici s E l e m e nta r y ’ “

G eom e t ry .

M inos — h av en t q u it e d o ne with p o i nts yet I fi nd an

I
’
.

ass e rti o n th at th e y nev e r j ump Do you thi nk th at a ris e s

.

fro m th eir h avi ng p o siti o n whi ch th ey feel might b e co m

,
”

pr o mis ed by su ch co ndu ct ?
N ierna nd — I canno t t ell with o u t h eari ng th e p ass ag e r ead
. .

Minos — I t is this A p o i nt in ch angi ng its p o siti o n o n

:
“
,

a curve ,
p ass es in m ovi ng fro m o ne p o siti o n to ano th e r
thr ough all int erm ediat e p o siti o ns I t d oe s no t m o ve by .

j u mps.

N iem a nd .That is quit e tr u e

—
.

Minos — T ell m e th en is e v e ry centr e o f gravity a p o i nt ?

.
—

N iema nd .C e rtai nly

—
.

Minos — L et us no w co nsid e r th e centre o f gr avity o f a fl ea

D oes it
. .

N iem a nd (ind igna ntly) — A no th e r w o rd and I sh all v anish

.
,

I canno t wast e a night o n su ch triv ialit ie s .

 L E WI S CA RROL L 205

Mi nos —, t r e sist g ivi ng you j u st one m o r e tit bit

I can
’
-

th e d e fi niti o n o f a squ ar e at p ag e 1 2 3 : A qu adril at e ral “

whi ch is a kit e a symm e tri cal trap ezium and a p ar all el o gra m
, ,

is a squ are 1 A nd no w fare well H enri ci ! E u clid with all

”
, , ,

th y faults I l o ve th ee still !
”
,

A ga i n fr o m , A ct II .
, S ce ne vi :.

N ierna nd .
— He [Pi e rce th er Mo d ern R ival
,
ano
“
h as a

d efi niti o n of directi o n whi ch will I thi nk b e new , , to yo u .

(R ea ds .
)
“
Th e d ir ection part is th e directi o n o f a
f
O a line in any

p o i nt at that part fr o m th e ne xt precedi ng p oi nt o f th e li ne

Minos — Th at s o u nds myst eri o us Whi ch way al o ng a li ne .

ar e precedi ng p oi nts to b e fo u nd ?
N iem a nd — B oth ways . H e adds dir ectly aft erwards
. A , ,
“

li ne h as two di fferent dir ect io ns &c ,

”
.

Minos — So y o ur d e fi niti o n ne eds a p o sts cript But

th ere is yet ano th er difli cu lty H ow far fr o m a p o i nt is th e .

next p o i nt ?
”

N iem a nd — A t an i nfi nit ely sm all distance

. o f co u rs e , .

Y o u w ill fi nd th e m att e r full y dis cuss e d in my wo rk o n th e

I nfi nite sim al C al culus .

Minos — A m o st s atisfact o ry answ er fo r a t each er to m ak e

.

to a pupil j ust b egi nni ng G eo m etry

In I V E u cl i d r eapp ears to M i no s
A ct . fo l ,
“

l o w e d b y t h e gh o s t s o f A r ch i m e d e s P yt h ag o ras , ,

81 0 w h o h av e co m e t o s e e fa i r pl ay
, E u cl i d .
”

t h u s s u ms u p h i s cas e

Th e k d o t h craw th e d ay d o th daw and all re sp ect

co c , ,
’

abl e gh o sts o ught to b e g o i ng h o m e L et m e carry with m e .

206 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

th e h o p e th at I h ave co nvince d yo u o f th e necessity o f

retai ning my o rd er and numb e ri ng and my m eth o d o f tr eati ng
,

Straight L i ne s Angl e s R ight A ngl e s and (m o st e sp eci ally )

, , ,

Parall els L eave m e th e s e u nt o u ch ed and I sh all l oo k o n

.
‘

with gr eat co nt entm ent whil e o th e r ch ang e s ar e m ad e whil e —

my pro o fs ar e abri dged and impro v ed— whil e alt ernative pro o fs
ar e app end e d to mi ne and whil e new Pr o bl e ms and Th e o r e ms
—

ar e i nt e rp o l at ed I n all th e s e m att e rs my Manu al is cap abl e

.

o f alm o st u nlimit ed impr o v e m ent

”
.

In A pp e nd i ce s I a nd I I M r D o dgs o n
. . .

q u o t e s th e o p i ni o ns o f t w o e m i ne nt m a t h e m a t i cal
t each e rs M r T o dh u nt e r and P r o fe ss o r De
, .

M o rg a n i n s u pp o r t o f h i s a rg u m e nt
, .

B e fo r e l ea v i ng t h i s s u bj e ct I sh o u ld l i k e t o
’
r e fe r t o a v e r y no v e l u se o f M r D o dgs o n s b o o k .

— i t s e mpl o ym e nt i n a s ch o o l M r G H o pk i ns . . .
,

M a t h e m a t i cal M a s te r in th e H i gh S ch o o l a t
M anch e s t e r U S a nd h i ms e l f t h e a u t h o r o f a
, . .
,

M an u al o f Pl ane G eo m e t ry h as so e mpl o ye d ,
”

it in a cl a ss o f b o ys ag e d fr o m fo u r t e e n o r fift e e n
u p w a rds . H e firs t call e d t h e i r a t t e nt i o n t o s o m e
o f th e m o r e pr o m i ne nt d i ffi cu l t i e s r e l a t i ng t o t h e

q u es ti o n o f P a r all e ls pu t a co p y o f E u cl i d i n
,

t h e i r h a nds a nd le t t h e m see h i s t r e a t m e nt o f
,

t h e m and aft e r s o m e d i s cu ss i o n pl ace d b e fo r e

,

t h e m M r D o dgs o n s E u cl i d and H i s M o d e r n
.
’ “

R i va l s and N e w Th e o ry o f P a rall e ls
“
.
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF

Phras es in th eir simpli city sublim e ,

Sc rambl e a co pp e r ! Pl eas e sir wh at s th e tim e ?

” ’
, ,

Th es e r o u nd thy walks th eir ch eerful i nflu ence sh ed

Th e s e w e re thy charms— b t all th es e ch arms a e fl ed
u r .

A midst thy b o w e rs th e tyr ant s h and is s een

’
,

A nd rud e p avili o ns s add en all thy gr een ;

One s elfish p astim e grasps th e wh o l e d o m ai n ,

A nd h alf a facti o n sw all o ws up th e pl ai n

A d o w n thy gl ad e s all s acrifi ced to cri ck et
, ,

Th e h ollo w so u nd ing b at no w gu ards th e wi ck et

~

Su nk ar e thy m o u nds in sh ap el e ss l ev el all ,

L e st aught imp e d e th e swiftl y r o lli ng b all

A nd tr e mbli ng shri nki ng fr o m t h e fatal bl o w
, ,

F ar far aw ay thy h apl ess childr en go

, .

I ll far e s th e pl ace to luxury a pr e y

, ,

Wh ere wealth accu mul at es and mi nds d ecay ,

A thl eti c sp o rts m ay fl o u r ish o r m ay fad e ,

Fashi o n m ay m ak e th e m even as it h as m ad e
,

B t th e br o ad P arks t h e city s jo y and prid e

’
u , ,

Wh en o nce d e str o y ed can never b e s u ppl ied !

R e ad e rs o f S yl v i e and B r u n o w i ll r e m e m be r
t h e w ay in w h i ch th e i nv i s i bl e fa i r y ch i ldr e n s a ve -

t h e dr u nk a rd fr o m h i s e v i l l i fe and I h a v e a l w ay s
,

fe l t t h at M r D o dgs o n m ea nt S yl v i e to b e s o m e
.

t h i ng m o t e t h an a fa i r y a s o r t o f g u a rd i a n ang e l
—
.

Th a t s u ch an i d ea w o u ld no t h av e b ee n inco ns is
t e nt w i t h h i s w ay o f l o o k i ng at t h i ngs i s sh o w n
b y t h e fo ll o w i ng l e t t e r '

CH CH . .
, ? ul
y, 1 8 79 .

MY DE A R E TH E L I h ave b een l o ng i nte ndi ng t answ r y o ur

,
— o e

l tt er f A pril t h ch ie fly a t y ur qu e sti o n in re f r ence to

e o i I , s o o e
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 209

Mr s N .
’
s l e tt er ab o ut
l ittl e S 5
[wh o s e m o th er h ad
th e
rece ntly d ied ] Y o say yo u d o n t see h o w th ey can be
. u
’ “

guid e d aright by th e ir d ead m o th e r o r h o w light can co m e ,

fro m h er M any p eo pl e b eli ev e th at o fri e nds in th e o th e r

.
”
ur

w o rld can and d o i nflu e nce us in s o m e way and p erh aps e ven ,

guid e us and give us l ight to sh o w us o u duty My o wn

”
r .

feeli ng is it m ay b e so but no thi ng h as b een r ev eal e d ab o ut

, :

it Th at th e ang els d o so is r ev eal ed and we m ay fe el sure o f

.
,

th a t ; and th er e is a b eautiful fancy (fo r I d o n t th ink o ne

’

can call it m o r e ) th at a m o th e r wh o h as di e d l eavi ng a

“

child b eh ind h e r in this w o rld is all o w e d to b e a s o rt o f ,

gu ardi an angel to that child P erh aps Mr s N b eli ev e s

.
”
.

th at .

H e re ar e t w o o t h er en t ries in th e D i ar y
A ug . 2 6t h .
— Wo rk ed fr o m ab ou t to and ag ai n fr o m

to (m aki ng 1 0 } h o urs alt o g e th e r ) at an id ea whi ch

1

urr ed to m e o f fi ndi ng l imits fo r by el em ent ary trig o no

o cc Tr

m etry fo th e b enefit o f th e circl e sq u arers

, r -
.

Dec I z lh . I nv e nt e d a new way o f wo rki ng o ne wo rd intc

.

ano th e r I thi nk o f calli ng th e puzzl e syzygi e s

”
. .

I g i ve th e firs t t hr e e sp e ci m e ns
MA N
p e r m a n ent .
Sen d MA N on I CE .

e nt 1 c e

I CE .

ACRE
s acr e d
0 r e d e nt ials REL Y on A C RE .

e nti r e l y

RE L Y .
2 10 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE R S OF

P R I SM
p r i s m atic
dram ati c
m el 0 dram a
Pr o v e P R I SM to b e O IO D US .

m el o d i o u s
O D I OU S .

In F br u a ry 1 8 8 0 M r D o dgs o n pr o p o s e d to
e , ,
.

th e Chr i s t Ch u r ch S t aff s al ar i e s B o a rd t h at as -
,

h i s t u t o r ia l w o rk w as l i gh t e r h e sh o u l d h av e 2 0 0
i ns t ea d o f 3 0 0 a yea r I t i s no t o ft e n t h a t a .

m an pr o p o s e s t o cu t d o w n h is ow n s a l a r y b u t th e ,

s u gg e s t i o n in t h i s ca s e w as i nt e nd e d t o h el p t h e
C o ll eg e a u th o r i t i e s in t h e p o l i cy o f r e t r e nch m e nt
w h i ch t h ey w e r e t r yi ng t o ca rr y o u t .

May P e rciv al Pr esid e nt of Tri n C o ll wh o h as

2 4 th . — , . .
,

Cardi nal N ewm an as his gu e st wro t e to say that th e Cardi nal ,

wo uld sit for a ph o t o t o m e at Tri nity

, B u t I co u ld no t t ak e
, .

my ph o t ography th ere and h e co uld n t co m e to m e so

,
’
:

no th ing cam e o f it .

A ug 1 gik [
. A t E astb o ur ne] — T o o k R uth and Maud t o th e
.

Circus (H u t chi ns o n and Tayleu r e s fr o m A m eri ca) I m ad e ’ —

.

fri ends with Mr Tayleu e wh o t o o k m e to th e t ents o f h o rs es

. r , ,

and th e car av an h e live d in A nd I add e d to my th eatri cal .

e xp eri e nce s by a ch at with a cou pl e o f cir cus childr en A da —

C o st ell o ag ed 9 and P o lly (E vans I thi nk ) aged 1 3 I

, , , , .

fo u nd Ada in th e o u t er t ent with th e p o ny o n whi ch sh e was ,

to p e rfo rm practisi ng vaulti ng o n to it v ari ed with s o m e r

—
,

s au lts o n th e gr o u nd I sh o w e d h er my wire puzzl e and

.
,

ultim at ely gav e it h er pr o misi ng a dupli cat e to P o lly B o th

, .

childr en s ee m e d bright and h appy and th e y h ad pl ea s ant ,

m anners
2 12 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OL L

au t h o r e s s and sh o r t l y a ft e rw a rds M rs K r o e k e r
,
.

br o u gh t o u t Thr o u gh th e L o o k i ng G l ass i n “ -

a s i m i l a r fo rm .

~ 7
f
7
a rz . 1 , .
y1ceu m
88 t 1 —
o see T
. h e Cup
To th e L “

and Th e C o rs ican B r o th e rs
“
Th e first is exquisit ely put o n .
,

and E ll en T e rry as C amm a is th e p e rfecti o n o f grace and ,

I r ving as th e vill ai n and M T e rriss as th e husb and wer e ,

r. ,

v ery g o o d B u t th e pi ece w ants substance

. .

a n 1 9th — Tri e d t o go to Oxfo rd but th e li ne is bl ock e d

f
near D id co t so stay ed a no th e r night in t o w n
. .
,

, Th e next .

aft e r no o n th e li ne was r ep o rt e d cl ear but th e j o ur ne y t o o k 5

h o urs ! On th e day b e fo re th e D ean of Ch Ch and his

,
'

. .

family we re s no w e d u p fo r 2 1 h o urs nea r R adl e y .

Ma r ch 2 7th Went to S Mary s and st ay e d fo r H o ly

.
— ~
.
’

C o mmu ni o n and as Ffo ulk e s was al one I must er ed up

'

, , ,

co urag e to h elp him I r ead th e e xh o rt ati o n and was pl eas ed

.
,

to fi nd I did no t o nce h e sit at e I thi nk I m ust try pr eachi ng .

agai n s o o n as h e h as o ft e n b e gge d m e t o d o
,
.

Apr il 1 6th Mr Gr ee nw o o d appr o v e s my th eo ry ab out

— .

g eneral el ecti o ns and wants m e to writ e o n it in th e St

, .

T e l ett e r app ea r e d o n May 5 1 S8

y a rnes s Ga z ette
’
[ h .
J ,
I .

May 1 4 th — T o o k th e l o ng e st walk (I b eli ev e ) I h av e ev e r

d one ro u nd by D o rch e st e r D id co t and A bi ngd o n 2 7 m il e s
—
,
—

— t oo k 8 h o urs — no blist e rs I r ej o i ce t o fi nd and I fee l v e ry

, ,

littl e tired .

May z 6th — Th e r o w l o vi ng m en in C o ll eg e a e b egi nning to

.
- r

b e tr o ubl e s o m e agai n and last night s o m e 3 o r 4 o f th e m ,

0 0 ,

a id e d b y o u t C o ll eg e m e n m ad e a gr eat dist u rb ance and

-
, ,

regu l arly d e fi ed th e C e ns o rs I have j u st b een with th e o th e r

Tuto rs i nt o H all and h eard th e D ean m ak e an e x cell ent
.

sp eech to th e H o us e So m e two o r thr ee w ill h ave to go .

d own and twelve o r fift e en o th ers will b e pu nish ed in vari o us

,

ways [A lat er no t e says] Th e pu nishm ents h ad to b e

. :
 DR L I DD E LL

ll
. .

F
( r om a r
ph otog aph by Hi 6 Sau ndef s )
.
2 14 THE L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF .

m o d ifi ed— it t u rne d ou t th at th e disturb ers w ere nea rly all

o u t— C o ll eg e m en .

M r D o dgs o n s e n t a l e t te r
. to T/
z e Oé se m er on

t h i s s u bj e ct

Si R , — Y ur p p r
o a e of May
t i ns a l eadi ng arti cl e o n
g oth co n a

Christ Church r e sti ng o n so m any mis stat em ents o f fact th at

,
-

I ventur e to app ea l t o yo u r s ens e o f j usti ce to all o w m e if no ,

abl er w rit e r h as addr e ss e d yo u o n th e sub j ect an o pp o rtu nit y ,

o f co rr ecti ng th e m I t w ill I thi nk b e fo u nd th at in so

.
, ,

d o ing I sh all h ave re m o ve d th e wh ol e fo u nd ati on o n whi ch

th e w rit e r h as b as e d his att ack o n th e H o us e aft e r w hi ch I ,

m ay co nt ent edly l eave th e sup erstru ctur e to t ak e car e o f its elf .

Christ Church is al ways pr ovoki ng th e advers e criti cism o f

th e o ut e r wo rld Th e writ e r j u stifi e s this r ath e r br o ad
.
”

g eneralis ati o n by qu o t ing thr ee i nst ance s o f su ch pr o v ocati o n ,

whi ch I w ill tak e o ne by o ne

Th e D ean
.

A t o ne tim e we a e t old th at negl ects h is

“
r

fu ncti o ns and sp ends th e bulk o f h is tim e in Mad eira Th e ”

fact is th at th e D ean s abs ence fro m E ngl and m o re th an

.
,
’

t wenty y ears ago d u ri ng two su cce ssiv e wi nt ers was a sad

nece ssit y caus ed by t h e app earance o f sympt o ms o f grav e
,

d is eas e fr o m whi ch h e h as no w u nd e r G o d s bl essi ng

, ,
’
,

p erfectly r ecove r ed .

Th e s eco nd inst ance o ccu rr ed el even y ears ago wh en s o m e ,

o f th e u nd e rgradu at e s d e str o y e d s o m e v alu abl e st atu ary in th e

L ibrar y H er e th e writ er st at e s th at th e D ean first anno u nced

.

th at crimi nal pr o ceedi ngs wo uld b e tak en and th en o n d is , ,

co v e r ng th at th e o ff e nd e rs wer e highly connect ed fo u nd ”

i ,

h ims elf co nvert ed to th e o pi ni o n th at m ercy is pr e fe rabl e to

“

st er n j usti ce and ch arit y to th e stri ct l ett er o f th e law Th e

, .
”

facts ar e th at th e pu nishm ent award ed to th e o ff end ers was

d elib erat ed on and d et ermi ned o n b y th e G over ni ng B o d y ,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

ask a qu e sti o n ab o ut We stmi nst e r Sch o ol went o n to sp eak o f ,

‘

Christ Church and w o u nd up with a fi e rce attack o n th e

,

anci e nt H o us e Sh all w e bl am e him ? D o we bl am e th e

.

want o n s ch o o lb o y with a p ebbl e in h is h and all p o w e rl e ss t o

, ,

re sist th e alluri ng vast ness o f a b ar nd o o r ?

Th e e ss ence o f t h e arti cl e s ee m s to b e summ ed up in th e
foll o wi ng s ent ence A t Christ Church all att empts to p e
:
“
r

s e rv e o rd er by th e usu al m eans h ave hith ert o pro ve d u nifo rmly

u nsu cce ssful and apparently r em ai n e q u ally fruitl e ss I t is
, .
”

h ard fo o ne wh o l ik e mys elf h as lived h e re m o st o f h is life

r , , ,

to b e li e ve th at this is s e ri o usly i nt e nd e d as a d e s cr ipti o n o f th e

place H o wev e r as ge neral stat e m ents can o nly b e m et by

.
,

general st at e m ents p ermit m e as one wh o h as lived h e re fo r

, ,

thirty y ears and h as t aught fo r fi ve and tw enty to say th at in - -

,

my exp e ri e nce o rd e r h as b een th e rul e dis o rd er th e rare ,

e x ce pt io n and th at
,
if th e write r o f y o ur l eadi ng arti cl e h as
,

h ad an equ al am o u nt o f e xp eri e nce in any simil ar pl ace o f

e du cat io n a nd h as f u nd a set o f y o u ng m e n m o r e g e ntl e
,
o

m anly m o re o rd erly and m o re pl eas ant in e very way to d eal

, ,

with than I h av e fo u nd h e re I canno t but thi nk h im an

, ,

e x ce pt i o nally fav o ur e d m o rt al — Y o urs &c

C H A R L E S L D ODG SON
.
, ,

.
,

Stu d ent a nd Ma th em a tica l L ectu r er of

Ch r ist Ch u r ch .

In J u l y b e g a n an a m u s i ng co rr e sp o nd e nce
b e t we en M r D o dgs o n and a ci r cl e-sq u ar e r
. ,

w h i ch l a s t e d s e v e ra l m o nt hs M r D o dgs o n s e nt . .

t h e i nfat u a t e d p e rs o n w h o m w e w i ll call M r B
,
.

a pr o o f t h a t th e a r e a o f a ci r cl e i s l e ss t h an 3 I 5 th e °

sq u ar e o f t h e r a d i u s M r B r e pl i e d Y o u r
. .
,
“

pr o o f is no t in acco rd ance w i t h E u cl i d i t ass u m e s ,

t h a t a ci r cl e m ay b e co ns i d e r e d as a r e ct angl e ,
 L E WI S CA R ROL L 21 7

and t h a t t w o r i gh t l i ne s can e ncl o s e a sp ace .

H e r e t u r ne d t h e pr o o f s ayi ng t h at h e co u ld no t
,

acce p t a n
y o f i t as e l u ci d a t i ng t h e e x a ct a r e a o f a

ci r cl e o r a s E u cl i d e a n
’

, A s M r D o dgs o n s m e t h o d
. .

i n v o l v e d a sl i gh t k no w l e dg e o f t r i g o no m e t r y ,

an d h e h ad r e as o n to s u sp ect t h at M r B .

w as e nt i r e l y i g no r a nt o f t h a t s u bj e ct h e t h o u gh t ,

it w o r t h w h i l e t o p u t h i m t o th e t e s t b y ask i ng
h i m a fe w q u e s t i o ns u p o n i t b u t th e ci rcl e ,

sq u ar e r w i t h co mm e nd abl e pr u d e nce d e cl i ne d
, ,

t o d i s cu ss a ny t h i ng no t E u cl i d e a n M r D o dgs o n . .

t h e n w r o t e to h i m t ak i ng l e av e o f th e s u bj e ct
,
“
,

u nt i l h e sh o u ld b e w i ll i ng t o e nl a rg e h i s fi e ld
o f k no w l e dg e to t h e e l e m e n t s o f A lg e bra i ca l

G eo m e t ry M r B . . r e pl i e d w i t h u nm i x e d,

co n t e mp t A lg e br ai ca l G eo m e t r y i s all m o o n
“
‘

sh i ne . H e pr e fe r r e d w e i gh i ng ca rdb o a rd
“
as

a m eans o f a s ce r t a i ni ng e x act t r u t h in m a t h e
m a t ical r e s e a r ch F i nall y h e s u gg es t ed t h a t M r
. .

D o dgs o n m i gh t ca r e t o j o i n in a pr i z e co mp e t i t i o n -

t o b e go t u p a m o ng th e fo ll o w e rs o f E u cl i d a nd ,

a s h e app ar e nt l y w i sh e d h i m to u nd e r s t a nd t h a t h e
( M r
. B d i d no t t h i nk m u ch o f h i s ch a nce s o f

g e t t i ng a pr i z e M r D o dgs o n co ns i d e r e d t h a t t h e
, .

psych o l o g i ca l m o m ent fo r p u t ti ng a n e nd to t h e
co rr e sp o nd e nce h a d a rr i v e d .
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

M e anw h i l e h e w as b eg i nni ng to fee l h i s r egul a r

C o ll eg e d u t i es a t e rr i bl e cl o g u p o n h i s l i t e rar y
w o rk . Th e S t u d e nt sh i p w h i ch h e h e ld w as no t
m e ant to t ie h i m d o w n to l e ct u r e s and e x am ina
‘

t i o ns S u ch w o rk w as v e r y w e ll fo r a yo u ng e r
.

m an ; h e co u ld b e s t s e r v e th e H o u s e by h i s
“

l i t e ra ry fa m e .

7 1d) ; C am e to a m o r e d e fi nit e d ecisi o n th an I h av e

1 4 th . —

e v e r yet d o ne— th at it is ab ou t tim e to r e sig n th e Math e m ati cal

L e ct u re sh ip My chi e f mo tiv e fo r h o ldi ng o n h as b een to

.

pro vid e m o ney fo o th ers (fo r mys elf I h ave b een m any y ears
r ,

abl e to r e tire) b u t ev e n th e £ 3
, a ye ar I sh all thus l o s e I
00

m ay fairly h o p e to m ak e by t h e additi o nal tim e I sh all h av e for

b oo k writi ng I thi nk of aski ng th e G B (G overni ng B o dy )
-
. . .

ne xt t erm to app o i nt my su cce ss o r so th at I m ay r e tir e at th e

,

end o f th e y ear wh e n I sh al l b e cl o s e o n fifty y ears o ld and

, ,

shall hav e h eld th e L ecture ship fo r exactly 2 6 y ears (I h ad .

th e H o no u m en fo r th e l ast t wo t e rms o f 1 8 5 5 but was no t

r ,

fu ll L ecturer till Hil ary 1 8 ,

Oct 1 8 th —I h av e j ust tak en an imp o rtant st ep in life by

s ending to th e D ean a pro p o sal to r esig n th e Math e m ati cal
. .
,

L e ct u r e ship at th e end o f this year I sh all no w h av e my .

wh o l e tim e at my o wn dispo sal and if Go d giv es m e life and

, ,

co nti nu e d h ealth and str e ngth m ay h o p e b efo r e my p owe rs

, ,

fail to d o s o m e wo rthy wo rk in writi ng partly in th e caus e

,
—

o f m ath e m ati cal e du cati o n p artly in th e caus e o f innocent

,

r ecr eati o n fo r children and p artly I h o pe (th o ugh so utt erly

, ,

u nwo rthy o f b e i ng all o wed to tak e up s u ch w o rk ) in th e caus e

o f r eligi o u s th o ught May Go d bl e ss th e new fo rm o f life

.

th at li e s b e fo re m e th at I m ay u se it acco rdi ng to H is h o l y
,

w ill !
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

tr y a b i cycl e in age b u y a t r i cycl e

, , , co n fi ned
h i ms e l f to th e t hr e e w h ee l e d v a r i ety
-
.

N ov 8 th
. .
— Whit eh ead Tri nity t o ld u s a ch armi ng st o ry
, of ,

in C o mm o n R oo m o f a fath er and son Th ey cam e u p .

t og eth er : th e so n go t i nt o a C o ll ege— th e fath e r h ad to go

(Fr m o a r
ph otog aph by A . T Sh r z m pton )
.

to N ew I H all : th e so n p ass e d R esp o nsi ons whil e h is

nn ,

fath er h ad to put off fi nall y th e fath er fail ed in Mo ds and

,

h as g o ne d own : th e so n will pr o b abl y t ak e h is d egr ee and ,

may th en b e abl e to p r ep ar e his fath e r for ano th e r try .

’
A m o ng th e co o u e l r d ca r t o o ns i n Sh r im pt o n s
 L E WI S CA RROL L 221

w i nd o w at O xfo rd
t h e r e u s e d t o b e w h e n I w as ,

u
p ,
a p i ct u r e w h i ch I t h i nk r e fe rr e d t o t h i s s t o r y .

N ov . 2 3 r d .— Sp ent t wo
h ou rs i nvigil ati ng in th e ro o ms
o f W J Gr ant (wh o h as br o k en h is co ll ar b o ne and is all o w ed
. .
-
,

to d o h is Gr eats p ap e rs in this way) whil e h e di ct at ed his

answ e rs to ano th e r u nd e rgradu at e P ak enh am wh o act ed as , ,

s crib e
N ov 2 4 th — D i ne d with Fo wl e r (now Pr esid ent o f
.

. .

in h all to m eet R ank e n

, B o th m en ar e no w m o stly b ald
.
,

with q u it e gr e y h air : ye t h o w sh o rt a tim e it s ee ms si nce we

wer e u nd ergrad u at e s t o g eth e r at Whitby (in 1 8
Dec 8 1h A C o mm o n R o o m M eeti ng
.
— Fr e sh p o w e rs were .

given to th e Wi ne C o mmitt ee and th en a new Curat o r el ect ed , .

I was pr o p o s e d by H o ll and and s eco nd e d b y H ar co u rt and

, ,

accept ed o ffi ce with no light h eart th e r e will b e mu ch tro ubl e

and th o ught n ee d e d to w o rk it s atisfact o rily but it will t ak e ,

m e o u t o f mys elf a littl e and so m ay b e a r eal g o o d, m y life -

was t endi ng t o b eco m e to o mu ch th at o f a s elfish r eclus e .

D u r i ng t h i s ye a r h e co mp o s e d th e w o rds o f a
s o ng D r ea ml and
,
“
Th e a ir w as d r ea m ed b y
.

h i s fr i e nd th e l at e R e v C E H u t ch i ns o n o f
, . . .
,

Ch i ch e s t e r Th e h i s t o r y o f t h e dr e a m i s h e r e
.

g i v e n in th e w o rds o f th e dr e a m e r
I fou nd mys elf s eat ed with m any o th ers in d ark ne ss in a
l arge amphith eatre D eep still ne ss prevail ed A ki nd o f
, , ,

. .

h u sh ed exp ectancy was u p o n u s We sat await ing I k no w .

no t wh at B e fo r e u s hu ng a vast and d ark cu rt ai n and

. ,

b etween it and us was a ki nd o f stage Sudd e nly an i nt ens e .

wish s eiz e d m e to l o o k up o n th e fo rms o f s o m e o f th e h e r o e s

o f p ast d ays I canno t say w h o m in p arti cul ar I l o ng e d to
.

b eh o ld b u t even as I wish ed a fai nt light fli ck ere d o ve r th e

, , ,
 Dr eamlanh .

W or ds b y L awn
s C R R OL L A . Mu sic by C . E H u r cu m so u .

Wh e n m ud nigh t m i sts ar e r
c e ep mg ,

all th e l and IS l
l

s ee p ru
g , A - rU
L I lt l me t r ead th e

m o/
lo r a ll. P }?
d u ll

m rgh - ty de a l , A nd s owl - ly pass a

L o war r r r in D r l ’
r
lr
,
io s, saints, and sages, B ut he e, eam and s ce nt e ,

Fr r
l f fr
o m o u t th e vanish e d age s, No h and m ay e nt e
'

spo i e s

Wi th r r r
ll
so em n
pace and eve e nd ace Th e se u sio ns ai t h i s r ad iance
, r a e,

A p pea r and pass away . Sh a neve rp ass aw a

y .

l
Th e b az e of noo nday sp e ndo u l r f ll
l f ll
, I see t h e sh ado w s a i ng,

Th e twi igh t so t and tende r Th e fo r m s

ll
, o f eld r eca i ng ;

May ch arm th e eye : yet th ey sh a r

ll l l
die , Ar o u nd m e t ead th e m igh ty d ead ,

Sh a die and
p ass away A nd s ow y pass aw ay
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

o f d i ffe r e nce b e tw e e n h is o w n a nd th e o r d i na r y
e d i t i o ns o f E u cl i d w i t h h i s r e a s o ns fo r a d o p t i ng
,

t h e m Th e y a r e th e o u t co m e o f l o ng e xp e r i e nce
.
,

a nd t h e m o s t co ns e r va t i v e o f t e ach e rs w o u ld
r ead i l y a ccep t t h e m .

Th e pr o o f o f I 2 4 fo r e x a mpl e i s d e ci d e dl y
.
, ,

b e t t e r a nd m o r e s a t i sfact o r y t h an th e o rd i na r y
pr o o f a nd th e i nt ro d u ct i o n o f t h e d e fi ni t i o n o f
,

proj ect i o n ce r t a i nl y s i mpl i fi e s th e cu mbro u s

e nu nciat i o ns o f I I w a nd 1 3
. A ga i n t h e al t e r .
,

nat i v e pr o o f o f I I 8 s u gg e s t e d in t h e I nt r o d u c
.
,

t i o n i s v a l u abl e and r e m o v e s all e x cu s e fo r

, ,

o m i t t i ng t h i s pr o p o s i t i o n as i s co m m o nl y ,

d o ne .

Th e fig u r e s u s e d a r e fr o m t h e bl o cks pr e p a r e d
’
fo r th e l a t e M r T o dh u nt e r s w e ll k n o w n e d i t i o n
.
-

o f E u cl i d t o w h i ch M r
’

,
D o dgs o n s m a nu al fo rms
.

a n e x ce ll e n t s t e pp i ng s t o ne -
.

A t th e b eg i nni ng o f 1 8 8 3 h e w e nt u p t o t o w n
to s e e th e co ll e ct i o n o f D G R o ss e t t i s p i ct u r e s
’
. .

in t h e B u rl i ng t o n G a ll e r y H e w as e sp ecia ll y
.

s t ru ck w i t h F o u nd w h i ch h e t h u s d e s cr i b e s :
,
”

pictur e o f a m an fi ndi ng in th e streets o f L o nd on a g irl

A , ,

h e h ad l o v e d y ears b e fo r e in th e days o f h er i nno ce nce Sh e .

is huddl e d up ag ai nst th e w all dr e ss e d in g audy co l o u rs

, ,

and tryi ng t o t u r n away h er ag o nis e d face while b e h o ldi ng , ,

 LE WI S CA RROLL 225

h er w rists is l o o ki ng d o wn with an expressi o n o f pai n and

,

pity co nd e m nati o n and l ove which is o ne o f th e m o st m ar

, ,

vello u s thi ngs I h av e ev e r s e e n d o ne in p ai nti ng .

f an 2 7 1 883 .
[ His , birthd ay ] — I canno t sa
y I feel mu ch
.

o ld er at 5 1 th an at 2 1 H ad my first ta sti ng l u nch eon “ -

”

it s ee m e d to give great s atisfacti o n [Th e o bj ect o f th e .

Curat o r s tasti ng lu nch eo n was o f co u rs e to giv e m emb ers

’ “ -
, ,

o f C o mm o n R o o m an Opp o rtu nity o f d ecidi ng w h at w i ne s

sh o uld b e b ou gh t ]
Ma r ch 1 sth Went up to t o wn to fulfil my pro mis e to L u cy
—

t o t ak e h er fo r h er fi r st visit to th e th eatr e
.

A . We .

go t to th e L y ce u m in g oo d tim e and th e pl ay was capit all y ,

act e d I h ad hi nt ed to B eatri ce (M iss E ll en T e rry ) h o w

.

m u ch sh e co u ld a dd to L u cy s pl easure by s endi ng r ou nd a’

cart e o f h e rs elf ; sh e s ent a cabi ne t Sh e is ce rt ai nl y an

“ ”
.

ad ept in gi vi ng gifts th at gratify .

Apr il 2 3 r d Tri ed ano th e r l o ng walk — 2 2 mil es to B esils

.
—
,

l eigh F yfield K i ngst on B agp u iz e Frilfo rd Mar ch am and

, , , , , ,

A bi ngd o n Th e l ast h alf o f th e way was in th e face o f wi nd

.
,

rain s no w and h ail Was to o l am e to go i nt o H all

, ,
. .
 C HAPTE R VI

(
1 8 8 3 — 1 8 87)

Th e Pro fits o f A uth orship R hy m e ? and R eas on ?

Th e C o mm o n R o o m C at Visit to J e rs ey Purity o f
— —

e l ecti o ns
— P arliam entary R epres entati on Var io us lit e —

rary proj ects L ett ers to Miss E R ix— B ei ng h appy

—
.

“
A Tangl e d T al e — R eligio us arg u m ents — Th e A li ce “

Op er etta— A l ice s A d ventur e s U nd ergr o u nd

“ ’
Th e
Gam e o f L Ogic Mr H arry Fur niss
— . .

N 1 883 L ew si C a rr o l l w as ad v i s e d to m a k e
a s t a nd ag ai ns t t h e h e a v y d i s co u nt a ll o w e d

b y p u bl i sh e rs t o b o o ks e ll e rs and b y b o o k
,

s e ll e rs t o th e p u bl i c A cco rd i ngl y t h e fo ll o w i ng
.

no ti ce b eg a n t o a pp ea r in all h i s b o o ks : In “

s e ll i ng M r L e w i s C a rr o ll s b o o ks t o th e Tr a d e
.
’

M e ssrs M a cm i ll an and C o w i ll a b at e 2 d in th e
'

. . .

sh i ll i ng (no o dd co p i e s ) and a ll o w 5 per ce nt

,
.

d i s co u n t w i t h i n s i x m o nt hs and 1 0 p e r ce nt fo r
,
.

ca sh . I n s e ll i ng t h e m to t h e P u bl i c (fo r cash
”
o nl y
) t h e
y w i ll a ll ow I O
p e r ce n t d i s co u nt . .

2 26
228 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF

great d eal m o re I sp eak with s o m e p e rs onal k no wl edge o f

.

th e m att e r h avi ng mys elf fo r s o m e tw enty y ears i nfli ct ed o n

, , ,

that m o st pati e nt and pai nstaki ng firm Messrs Macmill an and ,

.

C o ab ou t as mu ch w ear and wo rry as ev e r publish e rs h av e

.
,

live d throu gh Th e d ay wh en th ey u nd ertak e a b o ok for m e

.

is a d ies nef a stu s fo r th e m Fr o m th at day till th e b oo k is o u t

.

— an i nt erval o f s o m e two o r thr ee y ears o n an av e rag e th er e —

is no paus e in th e p elti ng o f th e pitil ess st o rm o f directi o ns

“

and qu e sti o ns o n e v e ry co nceivabl e d e t ail To say th at e very .

qu esti o n g ets a co urt eo us and th ou ghtful r eply th at th ey ar e —

still o utsid e a l u nati c asylum and th at th ey still regard m e

—

with s o m e d egree o f ch arity is to sp eak vo lum e s in prais e o f

—

th eir g o o d t e mp er and o f t h eir h ealth b o dil y and m ental I ,

.

thi nk th e publish e r s cl aim on th e pro fits is on th e wh o l e

’

stro nger th an th e b o o ks ell er s ’

.

R h ym e ? and R ea s on ?
pp ea r e d at Ch r i s t a

m as ; th e d e d i cat o r y v e rs e s i ns cr i b e d To a ,
“

d e a r ch i l d : in m e m o r y o f g o l d e n s u mm e r h o u rs
a nd w h i sp e rs o f a s u m m e r s ea w e r e a ddr e ss e d ,

t o a l i t t l e fr i e nd o f t h e au t h o r s M i ss G e r t ru d e
’

C h a taw ay .O ne o f t h e m o s t p o p u l ar p o e m s i n
’
th e b o o k i s H i aw a t h a s Ph o t o graph i ng a d e ,

licio u s p a r o d y o f L o ngfe ll o w s
’
H i aw a t h a In “
.
“

an a e o f i m i t a t i o n
g s a s
y L e w i,s C a rr o ll in a ,
'

no t e a t th e h e a d I can cl a i m no sp ecia l m e r i t
“
,

fo r t h i s sl i gh t at t e mp t a t d o i ng w h a t i s k no w n
t o b e so e a s y I t i s no t e v e r y o ne w h o h as r ead
.

t h i s no t e w h o h as o bs e r ve d t h a t i t i s r eall y in th e
s a m e m e t re a s th e p o e m b el o w i t .
 LE WI S CARR OL L 229

A no t h e r e x ce ll e nt p ar o d y A t al a nt a in C am
,
“

den T o w n
-
e x act l y h it o ff t h e s t l e o f t h a t p o e t
, y
wh o s t a nd s a l o ne a nd u nappr o ach e d a m o ng t h e

p o e t s o f t h e day and w h o m M r D o dgs o n u s e d

, .

”
t o call th e gr e a t e s t l i v i ng m a s t e r o f l a ng u a g e
“
.

F a m e s P e nny Tr u mp e t affe ct i o n a t el y d e d i
’

cat e d t o all o r i g i nal r e s e a r ch e rs w h o p a nt fo r

“

e nd o w m e n t w a s a n a t t ack u p o n t h e Viv is e c
“
,

t io nis t s ,

Wh o preach o f Justi ce— pl ead with t ears

Th at L o v e and Mer cy sh o uld ab o u nd
Whil e m arki ng wit h co m pl acent ears
Th e m o ani ng o f s o m e t o rtur e d h o u nd .

L ew i s C a rr o ll t h u s addr e ss e s t h e m :

Fill with hu ngry w ails

all th e air

R e ward us e e we thi nk o r write 1

, r

With o ut y o ur g o ld m er e k nowl edg e fail s

’

To s at e th e s winish app e tit e

A nd , wh e re great Pl at o p aced s erene ,

O N ewt o n p aus e d with wis tful eye

’

r ,

R u sh to th e ch as e with h o ofs u ncl ean

A nd B ab el cl am o ur o f th e sty e l
- -

Be y o urs th e pay b e th eirs th e prais e

:

We will no t o b th e m o f th eir d e
r u ,

N o r vex th e gh o sts o f o th e r d ays

B y nami ng th e m al o ng with yo u .
 THE L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

Th ey s ought and fo u nd u ndyi ng fa m e

Th ey t o il ed no t fo r eward no r th anks
r

Th eir ch eeks a e h o t with h o ne st sh am e

r

F o yo u th e m o d er n m o u nt eb anks
r ,

F or ld l a ng s yne th e au t h o r s e nt a co p y
au

of his b o o k t o M rs H a rgr e av e s (M i ss A l i ce
.

L i dd e ll ) acco mpani e d b y a sh o r t no t e
,
.

C H R I ST C H UR C H D ecem ber 2 1 1 88 3
D EA R MR S H A R GR E A VE s P erhaps th e sh o rtest day in th e
.
, ,

.
—
,

y ear is no t q u ite th e m o st appro pri ate tim e fo r r ecalli ng th e

l ong dr eamy summ er aft e rnoons o f anci ent tim e s but anyh o w
if this b o o k giv e s yo u h alf as mu ch pl easur e to r ece iv e as it
d oes m e to s end it will b e a su cce ss i nd eed
, .

Wishi ng you all h appi ness at this h app y s eas o n I am , ,

Si nce r ely y o urs

C L D ODG SON
,

. .

Th e b eg i nni ng o f 1 8 8 4 w as ch i e fl y o ccu p i e d
in C o mm o n R o o m b u s i ne ss Th e C u ra t o rsh i p
.

s ee ms t o h a v e b ee n a ny t h i ng b u t a s i ne cu r e .

B e s i d e s w e i gh t i e r r e sp o ns i b i l i t i e s i t i nv o l v e d t h e
,

ca r e o f t h e C o mm o n R o o m C a t ! I n t h i s ca s e
”
th e ca r e u l t i m a t el k i ll e d th e cat — b u t
“
y no t
i

u nt i l i t h ad p ass e d th e sp an o f l i fe u s u all y
all o t t e d t o t h o s e a ni m als a nd b e o nd w h i ch t h e i r
, y
fu r t h e r e x i s t e nce i s e q u all y a nu i san ce to t h e m
s e l v e s a nd t o e v e r y o ne e ls e A s t o th e b e s t.

w ay o f t e rm i na t i ng i t s s u bl u n ar x i s t
“
y e e nce ,
 THE LI FE AN D LE TTERS OF

A no e h i s D i a ry o n May
t in st h sh o w s o ne o f
t h e ch ang e s in h i s w a y o f l i fe w h i ch a d v a nci ng

e a rs fo r ce d h i m t o m a k e
y

Wr o t e to w i nvit ed
di ne) to b eg Off o n
( h o h ad m e to ,

th e gro u nd th at in my o ld age I fi nd di nne r p arti e s m o r e and

, ,

m o re fatigui ng This is quit e a new d eparture I mu ch

. .

grudge givi ng an ev e ni ng (ev e n if it we re not tiri ng ) to

b andying sm all talk with dull p eo pl e
-
.

Th e ne xt e x t ract 1 g i ve d o es no t l o o k m u ch
l i ke o ld a !
g e

I ca ll e d on Mr s M. ly o neSh e was ou t ; and on

m aid in wh o h avi ng co m e to th e gat e to answ e r th e b ell fo u nd

, , ,

th e d o o r bl o w n sh u t o n h er r e tur n Th e p oo r thi ng s ee m e d.

r eall y al arm e d and distre ss ed H ow ev e r I go t a m an to co m e

.
,

fro m a neighb o uri ng yard with a l add e r and go t in at th e ,

drawi ng roo m wi nd o w a no v el way of ent eri ng a fri end s

- — ’

h o us e

O ddl y gh a l m o s t e x act l y t h e s a m e t h i ng
e no u ,

h a pp e ne d to h i m in 1 8 8 8 Th e d o o r bl e w sh u t “
,

w i t h t h e m ai d o u t s i d e a nd no o ne i n t h e h o u s e
, .

I go t th e co o k o f th e ne x t h o u s e t o le t m e go
t h ro u gh t h e i r pr e m i s e s a nd w i t h t h e h e l p o f a
,

p a i r o f s t eps go t o v e r th e w all b e t w ee n t h e t w o
”
b ack ya rd s
-
.

I n j u l y t h e r e a pp e a r e d a n a r t i cl e in th e St .

j a m es s Gaz et te o n t h e s u bj e ct o f P a rl i m t r “
a e n a
y
 L E WI S CA RROL L 233

E l e ct i o ns ,
w ri t t en by M r D o dgs o n I t w as a
. .

s u bj e c t in w h i ch h e w as m u ch i nt e r e s t e d and a ,

fe w ye a rs b e fo r e h e h a d co nt r i b u t e d a l o ng l e t t e r
o n th e
“
P u r i ty o f E l e ct i o ns t o th e s am e ne w s
”

p ap e r I w i sh I h a d sp ace t o g i ve b o t h i n fu ll ;
.

as t h i ngs a r e a s u mm ar y and a fe w e x t r a ct s ar e
,

all I d a r e at t e mp t Th e w r i t e r h e ld t h a t t h e r e
.

a r e a gr ea t nu mb e r o f v o t e rs a nd r i te a
, p a p a s

gr e a t nu mb e r o f co ns t i t u e nci e s t h at l i k e to b e o n
,

t h e w i nni ng s i d e a nd w h o s e v o t e s a r e ch i e fl
, y
i nfl u e nce d b y t h a t co ns i d e ra t i o n Th e b all o t b o x
.
-

h a s m ad e it pract i call y i mp o ss i bl e fo r t h e in
d i v i d u al v o t e r t o k no w w h i ch i s g o i ng t o be th e
w i nni ng s i d e b u t a ft e r t h e fi rs t fe w d ays o f a
,

g e ne ral e l ect i o n o ne s i d e o r t h e o t h e r h as
,

g e ne rall y go t a m o r e o r l e ss d e ci d e d a d vant ag e ,

and a w e a k k nee d co ns t i t u e ncy i s s o r e l y t e mp t e d

-

t o s w e ll t h e t i d e o f v i ct o r y .

But this is no t all Th e evil e xt ends furth er than to th e

.

si ngl e constitu ency ; nay it ext ends furth e r th an to a si ngl e

,

g eneral el ecti on ; it co nstitut e s a feature in o u r nati o nal

hist o ry ; it is d arkly o mi no us fo r th e futur e o f E ngl and SO .

l ong as g eneral el ecti o ns ar e co ndu ct ed as at pre s ent we sh all

b e li abl e to o s cill ati o ns Of p o liti cal p o w e r l ik e th o s e o f 1 8 74
,

and 1 8 8 0 but o f e v er i ncr easi ng vi o l ence o ne P arli am ent

,
- —

wh o ll y at th e m e rcy o f o ne p o lit ical p art y th e next wh o lly at

,

th e m e r cy o f th e o th e r whil e th e G o ve r nm ent Of th e h ou r
—
,

j oyfully h ast eni ng to u nd o all th at its pred ece ss o rs h ave d ne o ,

 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

will wield a m aj o rity so imm ens e th at th e fat e o f ev e y qu e sti o n

r

will b e fo red oo m ed and d ebate w ill b e a farce in o ne wo rd

, ,

we sh all b e a nati o n livi ng fr o m h and to m o uth and with no

,

s ettl ed pri ncipl e an army wh o s e o nly m archi ng o rd ers will

—
,
-

b e R ight ab o ut face

H i s r e m e d y w as t h at t h e r e s u l t o f each s i ngl e
e l ect i o n sh o u ld b e k e p t s e cr e t t i ll t h e g e ne ra l
e l e ct i o n i s o v e r :

It s u rely wo uld i nvo lv e no practi cal di ffi cu lty to pr ovid e

that th e b o x s Of vo ti ng pap ers sh o uld b e s eal e d up by a
e

Gov er nm ent o ffi cial and pl aced in su ch cust o dy as wo uld m ak e

it imp o ssibl e to tamp e r with th e m ; and th at w h en th e l ast
el ecti o n h ad b ee n h e ld th e y sh o uld b e Op e ne d th e v o t e s
,

co u nt ed and th e r e sults anno u nce d

, .

Th e r t i cl e o n
a P a rl ia m e nt ar y E l e ct i o ns
“

pr o p o s e d m u ch m o r e s w e e p i ng al t e ra t i o ns Th e .

o p e ni ng p a r agra ph w i ll sh o w i t s g e ne ral p u r
po rt :

Th e qu estio n h o w to arrange o u r co nstitu enci e s and co n

,

du ct o u r P arli am entary el ecti o ns so as to m ak e th e H o us e o f

C o mm ons as far as p o ssibl e a tr u e i nd ex o f th e stat e o f
, ,

Opi ni o n in th e nati o n it pr o fe ss e s to r e pr e s e nt is sur ely e qu al

,

in imp o rt ance to any th at th e pr e s ent g ener ati o n h as h ad to

s ettl e A nd th e l eap in th e dark whi ch we s ee m ab o ut to
.
,

t ak e in a sudd en and vast e xt ensi o n o f th e franchis e w o uld b e ,

ro bb ed o f h alf its t e rr o rs co uld we fee l assure d th at each

p oliti cal party will b e duly repr es e nt ed in th e next P arli am ent ,

so th at e v e ry sid e o f a qu e sti o n will get a fair h eari ng .

 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

fo rm ally assig n his surplus v o t e s to wh o ms oev e r of th e o th er

candid at e s h e will whil e th e o th er candida t e s m ay in lik e
,

m anne r assig n th eir v o t e s to o ne ano th e r .

This m eth o d w o uld enabl e each o f th e two p arti e s in a

distri ct to re turn as m any Me mb ers as it co u ld must e r
qu o tas no m att e r h o w th e vo t e s were distribut ed I f fo r
,
”
.
,

e x ampl e w e re th e qu o ta and th e reds must e red “ ”

, ,

v o t e s th ey co uld re turn thr ee Me mb ers ; for s u pp o s e

, ,

th ey h ad fo ur candid at e s and that A h ad v o t es B

D
, ,

C A wou ld simply h av e to assig n

v o te s to B and to C whil e D b e i ng h o p el e ss o f su ccess
, ,

w o uld naturally let C have his als o Th ere wo uld b e no .

risk o f a s eat b ei ng l eft vacant thro ugh two candidates o f th e

s am e p arty sh ari ng a qu o ta b etween th e m an u nwritten law —

wou ld s o o n co m e to b e r eco g nis ed th at th e o ne w ith fewest —

v o te s sh o uld g iv e pl ace to th e o th e r A nd with candid at e s Of .

,

t wo Opp o sit e p arti e s this di ffi culty co uld no t aris e at all o ne

,

o r th e o th e r co uld always b e r etur ne d b y th e s u rplus vo t e s o f

his p arty .

S o m e no t e s fr o m t h e D i a r y fo r M a r ch , 1 88 5 ,

a r e w o r t h r e pr o d u ci ng h e r e

Ma r ch I SL— Sent o ff two l ett e rs

lit erary imp o rtance o ne
of ,

t o M r s H argr eav e s to ask

.
,
h er co ns ent to my p u blishing th e
o rigi nal M S o f A li ce in facsimil e (th e id ea occurr e d to m e
“
.

th e o th er d ay) ; th e o th e r to M r H Furniss a v e ry cl eve r

. .
,

ill u strat o r in P u nch ,

aski ng if h e is o p en to pr o p o s als to draw

pi ctur es fo r m e .

Th e l e t t e r to M rs H a rgr e a v e s w h i ch i t w i ll
.
, ,

b e no t i ce d w as e a rl i e r in d a t e t h a n t h e sh o r t no t e
,

a l r e a d y q u o t e d in t h i s ch ap t e r r an as fo ll o w s ,
 LE WI S CA RROL L 237

MY DE A R M R S H A R G R E A V E S — I fancy this will co m e to yo

.
,
u

alm o st lik e a v o i ce fr o m th e d ead aft e r so m any y ears o f ,

sil ence and yet th o s e years h ave m ad e no difference th at I

,

can p e r ce iv e in my cl earne ss o f m e m o ry o f th e d ays wh en we

'

d id co r r esp o nd I am g etti ng to feel wh at an old m an s faili ng

’
.

m em o ry is as to recent events and new fri ends (fo r i nst ance I , ,

m ad e fri ends o nl y a few weeks ago with a v ery ni ce littl e m aid

, ,

o f ab o u t t welv e and h ad a walk with h er and no w I can t

’
—
,

r ecall eith e r Of h er nam e s l ) but m y m ental pi ctur e is as vivid

,

as e v e r o f o ne wh o was thr o ugh so m any y ears , my id eal ,

child fri end

-
I h av e h ad s co r e s Of child fri ends si nce yo ur
.
-

tim e but th ey h ave b een quit e a di fferent thi ng

, .

H owev e r I did no t b egin this l ett er to say all th a t Wh at '

.
,

I want to ask is Wou ld yo u h av e any Obj e ti o n to th e o rig inal

, c

MS b oo k o f A li ce s A dv ent u re s (whi ch I supp o s e yo still

.
“ ’ ”
u

p o ss ess ) b e i ng publish ed in facsimil e ? Th e id ea o f d o i ng so

occu rre d to m e o nl y th e o th er d ay I f o n co nsid er ati o n yo u .
, ,

co m e t o th e co ncl u si o n th at yo wo uld rath e r not h ave it d o ne

u ,

th ere is an end o f th e m atte r I f h o wever you gi ve a fav ou r .

, ,

abl e r e ply I wo uld b e m u h o bl ig ed if yo

,
wo u ld l end it m e
c u

( r egi st e re d p o st I sh ou ld thi nk w o uld b e s afe st ) th at I m ay

, ,

co nsid er th e p o ssibiliti e s I h av e not s een it fo ab o ut t wenty

. r

y e a rs s,o am b y no m eans s u r e th at th e illustrati o ns m ay no t

pr o v e to b e so awfull y bad th at to repr o du ce th em w o uld b e

absurd .

Th ere can b e no d o ubt that I sh o uld i ncu r th e ch arge o f

gro ss ego ism in publishi ng it B t I d on t care fo th at in th e . u
’
r

l east k nowi ng that I hav e no su ch m o tiv e ; o nly I thi nk co n

, ,

sid e ing th e e xtrao rdi nary p o p u l arity th e b o o ks h ave h ad (we

r

h ave s old m o re th an o f th e t wo ) th er e must b e m any ,

wh o wo uld lik e t o see th o rigi nal fo rm e .

A lw ays y ur fri end o

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

Th e let ter to H a rr y F u r ni ss e l i ci t e d a m o s t
 THE FE ETTE RS OF L E WI S CARROL L
’

38 LI AN D L

s a t i sfact o r y r e pl y M r F u r ni ss s a i d t h at h e h ad
. .

l o ng w i sh e d t o i ll u s t ra t e o ne o f L e w i s C a rr o ll s
’

b o o ks and t h a t h e w as q u i t e pr e p a r e d t o u nd e r
,

t ak e t h e w o rk S yl v i e a nd
Tw o m o r e n o t e s fr o m t h e D ia r y r e fe rr i ng t o ,

th e s a m e m o nt h fo ll o w ,

Ma r ch gr eat C o nvocati on ass embl ed in th e

r o th . — A
th eatre ab o ut a pro p o s ed grant fo r Physi ol o gy Opp o s ed by
, ,

m any (I was o ne) wh o wish re stri cti o ns to b e e nact e d as to

th e practi ce o f vi vis ecti o n fo r r es earch L idd on m ad e an .

ex cell e nt sp eech agai nst th e gr ant b u t it was carri e d b y 4 2 , 1

to 2 4 4 .

Ma r ch 2 9th .
— N eve r b efo re have I h ad so m any lit erary
pr oj ects o n h and at o nce .F o curi o sity I w ill h er e m ak e a
r ,

list o f th e m .

uppl e m e nt t o u clid and Mo d e rn R i vals

() E “
I S .

2 nd E diti o n o f u c and Mo d R ivals

”
()2 B . . .

(3 ) A b oo k o f Math cu ri o siti e s whi ch I thi nk o f calli ng

.
,

Pill o w Pr o bl e ms and o th er Math Trifl e s This will con

, . .

tai n Pro bl ems wo rk ed ou t in th e d ark L o garithms with o ut ,

Tabl es Si ne s and angl e s d o a pap e r I am no w writi ng o n

,
.
,

co nd e ns e d L o ng M ultipli
”
I nfi nities and I nfi nitesim als ,

ca ti o n and p e rh aps o th e rs
, .

(4 ) E u clid V .

(5 ) Plai n Facts fo r Cir cl e Squ ar ers whi ch is nearly co m -

,

p le t,
e a n d gi v e s a c tu al pr oo f o f limits 3 4 5
1 1 8 3 1 4 1 6 ,
0.

(6) A symb o lical L o gic treat ed b y m y alg ebrai c m eth o d

, .

()7 A T a n gl e d T a l e .
”

(8 ) A coll ecti on o f G am e s and Puzzl e s Of my d evisi ng with ,

fairy pi cture s by M iss E G Th o ms o n This might als o . . .

co nt ai n my Me m T ech fo r d at e s ; my Ciph er writi ng

“
. .
” “ -
”

s ch e m e fo L ett er r egistrati o n &e &c

r -
, .
, .
 ‘

TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

(9) N urs e ry A li ce .

(1 0 ) Se ri o us p o ems in Ph antasm ag o ria

U
.

(1 1) A li c e s A dv e ntu r e s
’
nd e rgr o u nd
”
.

(1 2 ) Girl s Own Sh ak e sp ear e I h av e b egu n o n

“ ’ ”
.
“
Tem
p est .
”

( 31) N e w diti on o f P arli am entary R epre s enta ti o n

e .

(1 4 ) N ew e diti o n o f E u e I II . .
, .

(1 5 ) Th e new child s b o o k whi ch M r Fur niss is to illustrat e

’
.
, .

I h av e s ettl e d o n no nam e as yet but it w ill p erh aps b e ,

Syl vi e and B ru no
”
.

I h av e o th e r sh ad o wy id eas e g a G eo m etry fo r B o ys a vol

, . .
, , .

o f E ss ays o n th eo l o gical p o i nts fr eely and pl ainl

y tr eat ed and ,

a dram a o n A li ce (fo r whi ch Mr Mack enzi e wo uld writ e

“ ”
.

musi c) but th e ab o v e is a fair ex ampl e o f to o m any iro ns in “

th e fir e

A l e t t e r w r i t t e n ab o u t t h i s t i m e t o h i s fr i e n d ,

M i ss E d i t h R i x g i v e s s o m e v e r y g o o d h i nt s
,

a b o u t h o w to w o rk a ll th e m o r e v al u abl e b e ca u s e
,

h e h ad h i ms e l f s u cce ssfu ll y ca rr i e d t h e m o u t Th e .

fi rs t h i nt w as as fo ll o w s

Wh en yo u h av e m ad e a th o r o ugh reas o nably l ong e ffo rtand ,

t o u nd e rst and a thi ng and still fe e l puzzl e d by it stop yo u will

, , ,

o nly h u rt y o urs elf b y g o i ng o n Put it asid e till th e next

.

m o rni ng ; and if th en you can t m ak e it o u t and h av e no o ne

’
,

to expl ai n it to yo u put it asid e entir e l y and go b ack t o th at

, ,

p art o f th e s u bj ect whi ch you d o u nd e rstand When I was

readi ng Math em ati cs fo r U niv ersity h onou rs I wo uld s o m etim e s
.

, ,

aft e r w o rki ng a w eek o r two at s o m e new b o o k and m ast e ri ng ,

te n o r tw ent y p age s get i nt o a h o p el e ss muddl e and fi nd it

, ,

j u st as b ad th e next m o rni ng My r ul e was to begin th e book

.

a a in
g .A n d p e rh aps in ano th e r fo rt night I h ad co m e t o th e
 LE WI S CARROL L 241

o ld d ifli cu lty w ith imp et u s enough to get o v er it O p erh aps . r

no t . I have s everal b o oks that I h av e b egu n o v er and ov er

g i
a a n.

My s eco nd hi nt sh all b e— N ev er l eav e an u ns o lv ed di fficulty

beh ind I m ean d on t go any furth e r in th at b o o k till th e
’
.
,

diffi culty is co nqu ered I n this p o i nt Math em ati cs di ffers

.
,

entir e ly fr o m m o st o th e r s u b j ects Supp o s e yo u ar e r eadi ng an

.

I t ali an b o o k and co m e to a h o p el e ssly o bs cur e s ent ence

,

d o n t wast e to o m u ch tim e o n it skip it and go o n you will

’
, ,

d o v ery w ell with ou t it B u t if you skip a m a th ema tica l d iffi

.

culty it is sur e to cr o p u p agai n

, yo u will fi nd s o m e o th e r
:

pro o f d ep endi ng on it and you will o nly get d eep er and d eep er
,

i nt o th e mud .

My third hi nt is o nly go o n wo rki ng so l o ng as th e brai n is

,

q u ite cl ear Th e m o m ent you fee l th e id eas g e tti ng co nfu s ed

.

l eav e o ff and re st o r y o u r p enalty will b e th at yo u will nev er

,

l ear n Math e m ati cs a t a ll

Tw o m o r e l e t te rs t o t h e s am e fr i e nd ar e , I
t h i nk d e s e r v i ng o f a pl a ce h e r e :
,

UR N E Sept 2 5 1 8 8 5
E A STB O
My DE A R E D I TH
. .
, ,

One sub j ect you t o u ch o n

,
— th e R e sur
r ecti o n o f th e B o dy — is v e ry i nt er e sti ng to m e and I h av e ,

gi ven it mu ch th o ught (I m ean l ong ago ) My co ncl u si o n was .

to give up th e liter a l m eani ng o f th e m a ter ia l b o dy alt o g eth e r .

I d entity in s o m e myst e ri o us way th e r e evid e ntly is b u t th er e

, ,

is no re sisti ng th e s ci entifi c fact th at th e actu al m a ter ia l u s abl e

fo physica l b o di e s h as b een u s ed o v e r and o v e r ag ai n so th at
r —

e ach at o m wo uld h ave s e v eral o wne rs Th e m e r e s o lit ary fact

.

o f th e e xist ence o f ca nniba lism is to my mi nd a suffi ci ent

r ed ctio a d a bsu r d u m o f th e th eo ry th at th e p arti cul ar set o f

u

at o ms I sh all h app en t o o wn at d eath (ch ang e d e v e ry s e v en

y ea rs th e y,say) will b e mi n e in t h e ne xt life a nd all th e o th er —

I 7
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

i ns u p erabl e di ffi cult ie s (su ch as p eo pl e b o r n w ith b o dily d e fects )

a e sw e pt away at o nce if w e acce pt S P a ul s spiritu al b o dy ’ “ ”
r .
,

and his simil e o f th e grai n o f co m I h av e r ead v e ry littl e o f

.

Sart o r R esa t s and d o n t k no w th e p ass ag e yo u qu o t e but

” ’
r u ,
:

I accept th e id ea o f th e m at er ial b o dy b ei ng t h e dr ess of “

th e spiritu al a dr e ss nee d e d fo r m at eri al life

— .

CH CH Dec 1 3, 1 88 5
DE
. . . .
,

A RD 1TH I h ave b een a s evere su ffe re r fr o m L gica l

E ,
— o

puzzl e s o f l at e I go t i nt o a regul ar t angl e ab ou t th e imp o rt

.
“

o f pr o p o siti o ns as th e o rdi nary l o gical b o o ks d ecl ar e th at all

“
,

x is 3 d oe s n t ev en h int th at any x s exist but m er el y th at th e

” ’ ’
,

qu aliti e s a e so i ns ep arabl e th at if eve r x o ccurs 2 must o ccur

r , ,

als o s o m e or is 2 th ey a e dis cr eetl y sil ent and th e

“
. A s to ,
r

livi ng auth o riti es I h av e app eal ed to includi ng o Pr o fess o r , ur

o f L o gi t ak e Opp o sit e sid e s ! So m e say it m eans th at th e

c,

qu aliti e s a e so co nnect ed th at if any x s did exist s o m e m st

r ,
’
, u

b e z — io th ers th at it o nly m eans co mp atibility t e th at s o m e , . .

,

m igh t b e 2 and th ey wo uld go o n ass e rti ng with p erfect b eli f

, , e

in th eir truthful ne ss s o m e b oo ts a e m ad e o f brass e ven if

,
“
r ,
”

th ey h ad all th e b o o ts in th e wo rld b e fo re th e m and k new th at ,

no n w er e o m ad
e s m e rely b ecaus e th e r e is no i nh erent im po s i
e, s

b ility in m aki ng b oo ts o f br ass I s n t it b ewild e ri ng ? I sh all

’

have to m enti o n all this in my great wo rk o n L ogi c but I —

sh all t ak e th e li ne any writ er m ay m ean exactly what h e

“

pl eas es by a phras e so l o ng as h e e xpl ai ns it b efo reh and B t .

”
u

I sh all no t v entur e t o ass ert s o m e b oo ts a e m ad e o f brass ”

r

till I h av e fo u nd a p air ! Th e Pr o fe ss o r o f L o gic cam e o ver

o ne d ay to t alk ab o ut it and we h ad a l o ng and e x iti ng ar gu
,
c

m ent th e re sult o f whi ch was x — — a m agnitud e whi ch

,
“
x
”

you will b e abl e t o evalu at e fo you rs elf r

C L D ODG SON
.

. . .

As an e x a mpl e o f th e g o o d ad v i ce M r D o dgs o n .
2
44 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE R S OF

th ere s ’
no u se in co mp aring
s feeli ngs b etw een o ne day and o ne
’

th e next yo u must all o w a r eas o nabl e i nt e rval fo th e d ir ectio n , r

of ch ang e t o sh o w its e lf .

Sit o n th e b each and w at ch th e wav e s fo r a few s eco nds ;

,

y o u say th e tid e is co mi ng in
“
w a t ch h alf a d o z e n su cce s

siv e wav es and yo u m ay say th e l ast is th e l o w e st it is go i ng

,
“

ou t . Wait a qu art e r o f an h o ur and co mp ar e its a ver age pl ace

”
,

with wh at it was at first and yo u will say N o it is co m ing in

, ,

aft e r all
”
.

With l o v e I am al ways affecti o nat el y yo urs

C L D ODG SON
, ,

. . .

Th e ne h r o ni cl e in L e w i s C a rr o ll s
xt e v e nt to c
’

L i fe i s th e p u bl i ca t i o n b y M e ssrs M acm i ll a n o f , .
,

”
A T a ngl e d T al e a s e r i e s o f m a t h e m at i cal ,

pr o bl e ms w h i ch h a d o r i g i na ll y a pp ea r e d in t h e
M onth ly P ach et I n a dd i t i o n t o t h e pr o bl e ms
.

t h e ms e l v e s th e au t h o r a dd e d t h e i r co rr ect s o l u
,

t i o ns w i t h cr i t i ci sms o n t h e s o l u t i o ns co rr e ct o r
, ,

o th erw i se w h i ch th e r e a d e rs o f t h e M onth ly
,

P a ch et h ad s e n t i n t o h i m W i t h s o m e p eo pl e .

t h i s i s t h e m o s t p o p u l ar o f all h i s b o o ks ; it i s
ce r t a i nl y t h e m o s t s u cce ssfu l at t e mp t h e e v e r
m ad e to co mb i ne m a t h e m a t i cs and h u m o u r Th e .

b o o k w as i ll u s t ra t e d b y M r A B F r o s t w h o . . .
,

e nt e r e d m o s t t h o r o u ghl y i n t o th e sp i r i t o f t h e

t h i ng O ne o f h i s p i ct u r e s B alb u s w as ass i s ti ng
.
,

h i s m o t h e r 1n law t o co nv i nce t h e dr ag o n i s ,

i rr e s i s ti bl y co m i c A sh o r t q u o t a t i o n w i ll b e t t e r
.
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 2 45

en a bl e th e r e ad e r to u n e d rs t and th e p o i nt o f th e

j o ke :
B alb u s was wa iti ng fo r th em at th e h o t el th e j o ur ney d o w n
h ad tri ed him h e s aid so his two pupils h ad b ee n t h e r o u nd
.

o f th e pl ace in s ear ch o f l o dgi ngs with o ut th e Old tut o r w h o

, ,

h ad b ee n th e ir ins e p arabl e co mp ani on fr o m th e ir childh o o d .

Th e y h ad nam e d h im aft e r th e h ero of th ir L ati n e x e rcis e e

b o o k whi ch o ver fl o wed with anecd o t e s ab o ut th at v ers atil e

,

genius anecd o t e s wh o s e vagu ene ss in d e tail was m o r e th an

—

co mp e ns at e d by th e ir s e ns ati o nal brilli ance B alb s h as “

. u

o v e r co m e all h is e ne mi e s h ad b een m ark e d by th e ir tut o r in

”
,

th e m argi n o f th e b o o k Su cce ssful B rav e ry I n this way

“
.
,

h e h ad tri e d to extract a m o r al fr o m e v e ry anecd o t e ab o ut

B alb u s s o m e tim e s o ne o f w ar ni ng as in
— B alb s h ad
,
“
u

b o rr o wed a h ealthy drag o n agai nst whi ch h e h ad writt en

, ,

R ash ne ss in Sp ecul ati o n — s o m e tim e s o f e nco urag e m ent as

I nflu ence o f Sy m p athy in U nit e d A cti o n
,

in th e w o rds ,
“
,
”

whi ch st o o d o pp o sit e to th e anecd o t e B alb u s was assisti ng

h is m o th er in law to co nvi nce th e drag o n
- -
and s o m e t im e s it
—

dwi ndl e d d o w n to a si ngl e w o rd su ch as Prud ence whi ch

,
“
,
”

was all h e co uld extract fr o m th e t o u chi ng r eco rd th at B alb u s ,

h avi ng s co r ch ed th e t ail o f th e drago n w ent away H is , .

pupils lik ed th e sh o rt m o rals b e st as it l eft th e m m o re r o o m

,

fo r m argi nal illustr ati o ns and in this i nstance th e y r equir e d all

,

th e sp ace th e y co uld get to e xhibit th e r apidity o f th e h e r o s

’

d ep arture .

B alb u s h i s p u p i l s go in s ea rch o f l o dg i ngs

a nd ,

w h i ch a r e o nl y t o b e fo u nd in a ce r t a i n sq u a r e ,

a t N o 5 2 o ne o f th e p u p i ls s u ppl e m e nt s t h e u s u al
.
,

q u e s t i o ns b y a s k i ng t h e l a ndl a d y i f th e cat
s cra t ch e s
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

Th e l andl ady l o ok ed r ou nd suspi cio usly as if to m ak e sure ,

th e cat was no t list eni ng I will no t d eceive yo u g e ntl e m en ”

.
, ,

sh e s aid . I t d o s crat ch but no t with o ut yo u pulls its

,

whisk e rs I t ll nev e r d o it sh e r ep eat e d sl owly w ith a

’
, ,

visibl e effo rt to r ecall th e e x act wo rds o f s o m e writt en agr ee

m ent b etw een h ers elf and th e cat with o ut you p u lls its
,
“

whisk ers
Mu ch m ay b e ex cus ed in a eat so tr eat ed s aid B alb u s as ,

th ey l eft th e h o u s e and cr o ss e d to N o 7 l eavi ng th e l andl ady

. 0,

(F r om a cr ayon d r
a w ing by th e Rev H . . C Gaye )
. .

cu r tesying o n th e d oo rst ep and still m u rm u ri ng to h ers elf

,

h er p arti ng wo rds as if th ey wer e a for m o f bl e ssi ng

,
N ot
with o u t you p u lls its whisk ers

Th ey s e cu r e o ne r o o m at e a ch o f th e fo ll o w in g
n u mb e rs t h e sq u a r e co n tai ns 2 0 d o o rs o n e a ch
-
248 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

WON DE R L AN D .

H ow sw eet th o s e happy days g o ne b y ,

Th o s e d ays o f su nny w eath er ,

Wh en A li ce fair with g o ld en h air

, ,

A nd we we r e y o u ng t o g e th er
—

Wh en first w ith eag er gaz e we scann d ’

Th e p ag e w hi ch t o ld of Wo nd erl and .

On h earthru g in th e wi nt er
tim e -

We lay and r ead it over

We r ead it in th e summ er s prim e ’
,

A midst th e h ay and cl o v e r .

Th e tr ee s by e v e ni ng br eez e s fann d
’
, ,

Murmur e d s wee t t al e s o f Wo nd erl and .

We climb ed m ant elp iece and bro k e

th e
Th e j ars o f D r esd en chi na
,

I n j abb e rw ocky t o ngu e we sp o k e

We call ed th e kitt en D i nah !
,

A nd Oh,
h o w ear ne stly w e pl anne d
To go o u rs el ve s to Wo nd erl and .

Th e path was fri ng ed with fl o wers rare ,

With r ai nb ow col o urs ti nt ed

Th e way was up a wi ndi ng stair ,

Ou eld ers wis ely hi nt ed

r .

We did not wish to u nd erst and

B ed was th e r oad to Wo nd erl and .

We th o ught ’
it till we sh ou ld gro w
we d wa
Str o ng er as w ell as b o ld e r ,

B u t no w al as full well we k no w
,

We r e o nly gro wi ng o ld er
’
.

Th e k ey h eld by a childish h and ,

Fits b est th e d o o r of Wond erl and .

 L E WI S CA RROL L 2 49

Y et still
H att e r d ri nks his tea
th e
Th e D u ch e ss fi nds a m o ral
,

And T wee dl edum and T weedl ed ee

Fo rget in fright th eir qu arr el .

Th e Walrus still w ee ps o n th e s and ,

Th at str ews th e sh o r e s of Wo nd erl and .

A nd th er children fe el th e sp ell
o

Whi ch o nce we felt b efo r e th em ,

A nd whil e th e we ll k no w n t al e we t ell
-
,

We wat ch it st eali ng o er th e m ’

B e fo r e th eir d azzl e d ey e s exp and

Th e gl o r io us r ealms o f Wo nd erl and .

Y es, tim e is fl e et and we h ave gai ned

,

Y ears m o r e th an twi ce el e ven

A li ce d ear child h ast th o u r e m ained
, ,

E x actu ally s e v en
With pr o p er aid two , co uld co mm and
” “

Tim e to go b ack in Wo nd erl and .

Or h av e th e y ears (u nt o u ch ed by ch arms ) ,

With jo y and s o rr o w l ad en ,

R o ll e d by and br o ught u nt o thy arms

,

A d ai nty l ittl e m aid en ?

A no th er A li ce wh o sh all st and
,

B y th ee to h ear Of Wo nd erl and .

C arr o ll pt th e h eartfelt th anks

acce

Of childr en o f all ag e s ,

Of th o s e wh o l o ng h av e l e ft th eir r anks ,

Y et still must l o v e th e p ag e s
Wr itt en by h im wh o s e m ag ic wand
C all e d u p th e s cenes o f Wo nd erl and .
250 THE LI FE AND LE TTE R S OF

L ong m ayst th o u liv e th e s o u nd to h ear

,

Whi ch m o st thy h eart r ej o i ce s ,

Of childr e n s l aught e r ri ng ing cl ear

’
,

A nd childr e n s m erry vo i ce s
’

Until fo thee an ang el hand

,

r -

D raws back th e veil of Wond erl and .

ON E WH O L OV E S “
A L 1C E .

Thr ee l e t t e rs w r i t t e n a t t h e b e g i nni ng o f 1 8 8 6
,

to M i ss E d i t h R i x t o w h o m h e h a d d e d i ca t e d
“
A T angl e d T a l e ar e i n t e r e s t i ng as sh o w i ng
,

t h e d e e p e r s i d e o f h i s ch a r a cte r

G U I L DFO R D f a n 1 5 8 8 6 ,
.
,
1 .

M Y DE A R E D 1TH — I h av e b e en m eaning fo r s o m e tim e to

,

writ e to yo u ab o ut ag no sti cism and o th e r m att ers in y o ur l ett e r

,

whi ch I h ave l eft u nno ti ced A nd vet I d o no t k no w mu ch

.
,

as wh at yo u say i nt e r e sts m e and mu ch as I sh o uld lik e to b e

,

o f u se to any wand en n
g s eek e r aft e r tr u th th at I am at all lik ely
,

to say anythi ng th at will b e new t o yo u and o f any pr acti cal u se .

Th e Mo r al Sci ence stud e nt yo u d e s crib e must b e a b eautiful

ch aract e r and if as yo u say sh e liv e s a no bl e life th en e v en
, , , , ,

th o ugh sh e d o e s no t as yet see any Go d for wh o s e s ak e sh e

, , ,

can d o thi ngs I d o n t thi nk yo u nee d b e u nh appy ab o ut h er

’
.
,
“
Wh en t h o u wast u nd er th e fig tr ee I saw th ee is o ft e n sup
, ,

p o s ed to m ean th at N ath anael h ad b ee n pr aying prayi ng no ,

d o ubt ig no rantly and imp erfectly but ye t usi ng th e light h e

,

h ad and it s e e ms to h av e b ee n acce pt e d as faith in t h e

Me ssi ah M o re and m o re it s ee ms to m e (I h o p e yo u wo n t
’

b e very mu ch sh o ck e d at m e as an ultra B r oad Chur chm an)

th at wh at a p ers o n is is o f m o re imp o rtance in G o d s sight than ’

m erely wh at prop o siti o ns h e affirms o d e ni e s Y ou at any r .

,

r at e can d o m o r e g o o d a m o ng th o s e new fri e nds o f y o u rs b y

,
252 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF

urged a g oo d d eal b as ed o n th en sh all we k no w ev en as we

,
“

ar e k no w n B u t I can t b eli ev e th at th at m eans w e sh all ha ve

” ’
.

a ll k no wl edg e giv e n us in a m o m ent no r can I fancy it wo uld —

m ak e m e any h appi er it is th e lea r ning that is th e chi e f jo y ,

h e re at any rat e
,
.

I fi nd ano th e r r e m ark ane nt pupils a b old sp ecul ati o n

that my pupils m ay r eally go o n in th e futur e life till ,

th ey h a ve really o utstripp ed E u clid A nd pl eas e wh at is .

, ,

E u clid to b e d o i ng all th at tim e ?

One o f th e m o st dr eadful thi ngs you h av e ev e r t o ld m e is
y ou r stud ents th eo ry o f g o i ng and sp eaki ng to any o ne th ey a e
’
r

i nte r e sted in with o ut any intro du cti o ns This j o i ned w ith

, .
,

wh at you say o f s o m e o f th e m b ei ng i nt ere st ed in A li ce “

,

sugge sts th e h o rrid id ea o f th e ir s o m e d ay walki ng i nt o this

r oo m and b egi nni ng a co nv e rs ati o n I t is eno ugh to m ak e o ne .

shive r even to thi nk o f it

,

N ev er mi nd if p eo pl e d o say G o o d graci o us ! wh en yo u h elp ”

o ld wo m e n : it is b e i ng in s o m e d e gr ee b o th go o d a nd “ ”
, ,
“
graci o us o ne m ay h o p e So th e re m ark was n t so i nap
,
”
.
’

pr o pr iate .

f r
I ea I gree with y ou r fri end in no t liki ng all s erm ons
a .

So m e o f th em o ne h as to co nfe ss a e rubbish but th en I

, ,
r :

r el eas e my att ent ion fr o m th e pr each e r and go ah ead in any ,

li ne o f th o ught h e m ay h ave starte d and h is aft er el o qu e nce : -

acts as a ki nd o f acco mp anim e nt lik e musi c whil e o ne is —

r eadi ng p o e try whi ch o ft en to m e adds to th e effect

C L D ODG SON
.
, , ,

. .

Th e A l i ce o p e r e t t a w h i ch M r D o dgs o n h ad
“
, .

d espa i r e d o f w as a t l as t t o b eco m e a r eal i t y M r

,
. .

S av i l e Cl a rk e w r o t e o n A u g u s t 2 8 t h t o ask h is
l eav e t o dra m at i s e th e t w o b o o ks a nd h e gl adl y ,

a ss e nte d H e o nl y m ad e o ne co n d i t i o n w h i ch
. .
 L E WI S C AR ROL L 253

was ve ry ch a racte r i s t i c of
h i m t h at t h e r e sh o u ld ,

b e no s uggest ion e v e n o f co a rs e ne s s in l i br e t t o o r
in s t ag e b u s i ne ss Th e h i nt w a s h a rdl y ne ce s
.

s a r y fo r M r S a v i l e Cl a rk e w as no t t h e s o r t o f
,
.

m a n to sp o i l h i s w o rk o r t o all o w O t h e rs t o sp o i l
,

it b y v u lg a r i ty
, S e v e ral al t e ra t i o ns w e r e m a d e
.

in t h e b o o ks b e fo r e t h e y w e r e s u i ta bl e fo r a
dra m a t i c p e rfo rm a nce ; M r D o dgs o n h ad to w r i te.

a s o n g fo r t h e gh o s t s o f t h e o ys t e rs w h i ch th e ,

Wa l r u s an d th e C a rp e nt e r h ad d e v o u re d He .

’ ”
a ls o co mpl e t ed T i s th e v o i ce o f th e l o bs t e r so ,

a s to m ak e i t i nt o a s o ng I t r an as fo ll o w s.

Tis
’
i ce o f th e lo bst er ; I h eard h im d ecl ar e
th e vo
Y o u h av e b ak e d m e to o br o wn I must sugar my h air
’
: .

A s a d u ck with its e y elids so h e with his no s e

,

Trims his b elt and h is butt o ns and turns o u t his t o es , .

Wh en th e s ands a e all dry h e is gay as a l ark

r , ,

A nd t alks with th e utm o st co nt e mpt o f th e sh ark

B t wh en th e t id e ris e s and sh arks a e ar o u nd
u ,
r ,

H is wo rds h av e a timid and t r e mul o u s s o u nd .

I pass ed by h is gard en and m ark e d with one eye

, , ,

H o w th e o wl and th e p anth e r w er e sh ari ng a p ie

Th e p anth er t o ok p ie crust and gravy and m eat
-
, , ,

A nd t h e o wl h ad th e dish fo r h is sh ar e o f th e tr eat .

Wh en th e pl at e was d ivid ed th e o wl as a b o on , , ,

Was ki ndly p ermitt e d to p o ck e t t h e sp oo n

B u t th e p anth e r o bt ai ne d b o th th e fo rk and th e k nife ,

So wh en h e l o st his t emp e r th e o wl l o st its life

, ,
.
2 54 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OL L

Th epl ay fo r t h e fi rs t fe w w e e ks at l e as t w as a
, ,

’
gr ea t s u cce ss S o m e no t e s in M r D o dgs o n s
. .

D i a r y w h i ch r e l a t e to i t sh o w h o w h e appr e ci a t e d ,

’
M r S a v i l e Cl ark e s v e n t u r e
.

Dec 3 o th
. d o n with M
.
— To and t o o k h er to
Lon A li ce “

in Wo nd e rl and M Savil e Cl ark e s pl ay at t h e Pri nce o f

” ’
,
r .

Wales s Th eatr e Th e first act (Wo nd e rl and ) g o e s w ell sp eci ally

’
.
,

t h e Mad Tea P art y M Syd ney H arco urt is a capit al H att e r r

and l ittl e D o r o th y d A lco u r t (set 65 ) a d e l ici o us D o rm o us e

. .
,
’
. .

Phoeb e C arl o is a spl endid A li ce H er s o ng and d ance .

with th e Ch e shire Cat (Mast e r C A d eso n wh o pl ay e d th e .

,

Pirat e K i ng in Pirat e s o f P e nz ance was a gem A s a wh ol e .

th e pl ay s e e ms a su cce ss .

F eb 1 1 1 8 8 7 — Went t o th e A li ce pl ay wh er e w e sat “ ”
. .
, ,

ne xt a ch atty o ld g e ntl e m an wh o t o ld m e th at th e au th o r ,

of A li ce
“
h ad s ent Ph oeb e C arl o a b o o k and th at sh e h ad ,

w itt en to him t o say th at sh e wo uld d o h er very b e st and

r ,

furth e r th at h e is an Oxfo rd m an all whi ch I h o pe I

,
“ —

receiv e d with a suffi ci ent expr e ssi o n o f pl eas e d i nt ere st .

Sh o r tl y b e fo r e th e pro d u ct i o n o f th e pl ay a ,

M i ss W h i t eh ea d h ad dra w n a v e r y cl e v e r m e dl e y
p i ct u r e i n w h i ch n e a rl y a ll Te nniel s w o nd e rfu l
’

cr e a t i o ns — th e D o rm o u s e t h e W h i t e K ni gh t t h e , ,

Mad H a t t e r & c a pp ea re d Th i s d e s i g n w as
,
.
-
.

m o s t u s e fu l a s a p o s t e r t o ad v e r ti s e t h e pl ay
“
.

A ft e r t h e L o nd o n r u n w as o v e r t h e co mp any ,

m a d e a t o u r o f th e pr o v i nce s w h e r e i t m e t w i t h a ,

fai r a m o u n t o f s u cce ss .
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

’
At A l i ce s A d ve nt u re s U nd e r
th e e nd o f 1 8 8 6,

gr o u nd a facs i m i l e o f th e o r i g i nal M S b o o k
,
.
,

’
a ft e r w a rd s d e v e l o p e d i nt o A l i ce s A d v e nt u re s in
”
W o nd e rl and w i t h t h i r ty s e v e n i ll u s t r at i o ns b y
,
-

t h e a u t h o r w a s p u bl i sh e d b y M acm i ll a n
, Co .

A p o s t s cr i p t t o t h e P r e face s t a t e d t h a t a ny pro fi t s
t h at m i gh t a r i s e fr o m t h e b o o k w o u ld b e g i v e n t o
Ch i ldr e n s H o s p i t al s a nd C o nval e s ce nt H o m es
’

fo r S i ck Ch i ldr e n S h o r tl y b efo r e t h e b o o k ca m e
.

ou t ,
L ew i s C arro ll w ro t e to M rs H a rgre av e s .
,

g i v i ng a d e s cr i p t i o n o f t h e d i ffi cu l t i e s t h a t h e h ad
e nco u n t e r e d in pr o d u ci ng i t

C H R I ST C H UR C H , OX FOR D ,
N ovem ber 1 1 ,
1 886
.

MY DE A R M R S H A R G R E A V E S Many th anks fo y o ur
.
,
— r

p ermissi o n to i ns ert H o spit als in th e Pr e face to y ou r b o o k

“ ”
.

I h av eh ad alm o st as m any ad venture s in g tti ng th at e

u nfo rtu nat e facsimil e fi nish ed A bove gr ou nd a y o ur nam e , , s

sak e h ad U nd er it !
First th e zi nco graph r in L o nd on r eco mm end e d to m e fo
,
e , r

ph o t o graph ing th e b o o k p age by p g e and prepari ng th e zi nc:

,
a ,

bl ocks d ecli ned to u nd ert ak e it u nl e ss I w o uld e ntrust th e

,

b o k to h im whi ch I entirely r fus e d to d o I felt th at it wa

o ,
e . s

o nly d e to y u in r e tur n fo y o ur gre at ki nd n ss in l e ndi ng

ou , r e

so u niqu e a b o o k t o b e s crupul o us in no t l etti ng it b e e v e n

,

to h d by th w o rkm en s h ands I n v ai n I o ff r e d to co m e
’
uc e e . e

and r sid e in L o nd o n with th e b o o k

e a nd to att e nd d aily in ,

the studi o to pl ace it in p o siti o n to b e ph o t ograph ed and tur n

, ,

o v r th e pag e s as r e quir e d
e H e s aid th at co uld no t b e d o ne
.
 L E WI S CA RROL L 2 57

b e caus e o th e r auth o rs wo rks we re b ei ng ph o tograph ed th ere

“ ’
,

whi ch must o n no acco u nt b e s ee n by th e publi c I u nd e r

”
.

t o o k no t to l o o k at a nyth ing but my o wn b o o k but it was 1 0 1

u se : we co u ld no t co m e to t e rms .

Th en reco mm end e d m e a certai n Mr X an e x .

cellent ph o t ograph e r but in so sm all a wa

, y o f b u si ness th at I
sh ou ld have to pr epay him b it by b it fo r th e zi nc bl ocks
, ,
-

and h e was willi ng to co m e to Oxfo rd and d o it h e r e So it , .

was all d o ne in my studi o I r e m ai ni ng in waiti ng all th e tim e

, ,

to turn o v e r th e p ag es .

B u t I d ar e s ay I h av e t o ld yo u so mu ch o f th e st o ry alr eady .

Mr X. did a fi r st rat e set o f negatives and t o o k th em

-
,

away w ith h im to get th e zi nc bl ocks m ad e Th e s e h e

-
.

d elivere d pre tty regul arly at first and th ere s eem ed to b e eve ry
,

pro sp ect o f getti ng th e b ook o u t by Christm as 1 8 8 5 ,

.

On Oct o b e r 1 8 1 8 8 5 I s ent y o ur b o o k to Mr s L idd ell wh o

, , .
,

h ad t o ld m e y o ur sist ers we r e g o i ng to visit yo u and wo uld t ak e

it with th e m . I trust it r each e d yo u s afely ?
So on aft er this I h avi ng pr ep aid for th e wh o l e o f th e zi nc
— ~

bl o cks — th e suppl y s u dd enly ceas ed whil e t wenty two p ag e s ,

-

w ere still d u e and Mr X

,
.dis app eared
My b eli e f is th at h e was in hidi ng fr o m h is cr edit o rs We .

s o ught h im in vain So thi ngs went o n fo r m o nths A t o ne

. .

tim e I th o ught o f empl o yi ng a d et ecti ve to fi nd h im but was ,

assur e d th at all d e t e cti ve s ar e s co u ndr els Th e alt e r nativ e

“
.

s eem ed to b e to ask you to l end th e b o o k again and get th e ,

missi ng pag es r e ph o t ograph ed B u t I was m o st u nwilli ng to

- .

r o b you o f it agai n and als o afr aid o f th e risk o f l o ss o f th e

,

b o ok if s ent by p o st— for even regist ered p o st d o es no t

, ~
”

s ee m a bsolu tely s afe .

I n A pril h e call e d at Macmill an s and l e ft eigh t bl ocks

’
,

and ag ai n vanish e d i nt o o bs cu rity .

This l eft us with fo urteen page s (d o tt ed up and d o w n th e

b oo k ) still missi ng I wait ed awhil e l o nger and th en put th e
.
,

thi ng i nt o th e h ands o f a s o li cit o r wh o s o o n fo u nd th e man , ,

18
258 THE L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

bu t . co u ld thi ng but pr o mis e s fro m him

ge t no Y o u will .
“

ne v e r get th e bl o cks s aid th e s o li cit o r u nl e ss you fright en

” “
, ,

h im by a summ o ns b e fo r e a m agistrat e To this at l ast I .

u nwilli ngly cons ent e d th e summ ons h ad to b e tak en ou t

:

at (th at is wh ere this aggr avati ng m an is livi ng ) and ,

this entail ed two j o urneys fro m E astb o urne one to get th e —

summ o ns (m yper sona l pre s ence b ei ng nece ssary) and th e o th er ,

t o att end in co urt with th e s o li cit o r o n th e d ay fix ed fo r h eari ng

th e cas e Th e d efendant did n t app ear so th e m agistrat e s aid
’
.

h e wo uld t ak e th e ca s e in h is abs ence Th en I h ad th e new

.

and e x citi ng e xpe ri e nce o f b e i ng p u t i nt o th e w it ne ss b o and -

x,

sw o rn and cro ss e xami ned by a rath er savage m agistrat e s cl e rk

,
-
’
,

wh o s ee m e d t o thi nk th at if h e o nly b u ll ie d m e e no ugh h e

, ,

wo uld s o o n cat ch m e o u t in a fals e h o o d I h ad t o giv e th e

m agistr at e a littl e l ectur e o n ph o t o zi nco graphy and th e p oo r-
,

m an d ecl ar e d th e cas e was so co mpli cat e d h e must adj ou r n it

fo r ano th e r week B u t this tim e in o rd er t o s ecur e th e pr e s e nce
.
,

o f o u r slipp e r y d efe nd ant h e iss u e d a warrant fo r h is ap pr e

,

h ensio n and th e co nst abl e h ad o rd ers to t ak e him i nt o cust o dy

,

and l o d g e h im in pris o n th e night b e fo r e th e d ay wh en th e

,

cas e was to co m e o n Th e news o f th is e ffect u ally fright ene d

.

him and h e d eli vered u p th e fo u rt een negativ e s (h e h ad n t

,
’

d o ne th e bl ocks ) b efo re th e fatal day arrive d I was rej o i ced .

to ge t th e m e ven th o ugh it e ntail e d th e payi ng a s eco nd tim e

,

fo r g e tt ing th e fo urt een bl ocks d o ne and withdr ew th e acti o n ,

.

Th e fo urt een bl ocks wer e qui ckl y d o ne and put i nt o th e

pri nt er s h ands ; and all is g o i ng o n sm o o thl y at l ast : and I
’

qu it e h o p e to h ave th e b o o k co mpl et ed and to b e abl e to ,

send yo u a v e ry sp ecial co py (b o u nd in whit e v ellu m u nl e ss ,

y ou w o uld pr e fer s o m e o th e r styl e o f bi ndi ng

) by t h e e n d o f
th e m o nth .

B eli eve m e al ways ,

Si ncer ely yo u rs
C L D ODG SON
,

. . .
2 60 THE LI FE AND L ETTE RS OF

r eall y a dm i r e d a sk e t ch he did no t s t i nt h i s
pra i s e
( )
1
“
Sylvi e h elpi ng b eetl e [p . A quit e charmi ng
co mp 0 5 1t o n 1

D
.

(3 )
“
Th e ri c [
oc oM rt r
F u r nis s s id ea o f th e ir
and E
’

N O ! Th e D o ct o r w o n t d o a t a ll !
. .

app earance]
’
. H e is a
smug L ond o n m an a great l adi e s m an wh o wo uld h ardly
,
“ ’
,
”

talk anythi ng but m edi cal sh Op H e is fo rt y at l ea st and

“
.
”
,

can h av e h ad no l o v e affair fo r th e l ast fift een years I want

-
.

him to b e ab o ut t wenty fi ve p owerful in fram e p o eti cal in -

, ,

face : capabl e o f i nt elligent i nt ere st in any sub j ect and o f ,

b ei ng a passi o nat e l ov e r H o w w o uld you draw K i ng A rth u r

.

wh en h e first m et G u i neve re ? Try th a t type .

E ri c s attitud e is capital but h is face is a littl e too near to

’

th e o rdi nary m ash e r Pl eas e av o id th a t inane creature ;

”
.

and pl eas e d o n t cu t h is h air sh o rt That fashi o n will be

’
.

ou directly
“
t .

(4 ) L ad y Muri el (h ead ) ditt o (full l ength ) E arl

“ ”
.

I d o n t lik e eith er face Of L ady Muri e l I d o n t thi nk I

’ ’
.

co uld talk to h er ; and I m quit e sur e I co uld n t fall in l o v e

’ ’

with h er H e dr e ss
. ev eni ng
r o f co u rs e ) is ve ry pr etty , ,

I thi nk .

I d o n t lik e th e E arl s face e ith e r H e is pr o ud o f his titl e

’ ’
.
,

very fo rm al and o ne wh o wo uld k eep o ne at arm s l ength

,
“ ’ ”

alw ays . A nd h e is to o pr o digi o usly tall I want a g entl e .

,

geni al o ld m an with wh o m o ne wo uld feel at o ne s eas e in a ’

m o m ent .

(8 ) U gg g b eco mi ng P o r cu pi ne ( Sylvi e and B r u no

“ “
u ,

C o nclud ed pag e ,
is exactl y my co ncepti o n o f it I exp ect .

this will be o ne o f th e m o st effecti ve pi ct u res in th e b oo k .

Th e face s o f th e p eo pl e sh o uld expr e ss int ens e ter r or .

(9) Th e Pr o fe ss o r is alt o g eth er d eligh tf u l Wh en you

“ ”
.

get th e t ext you will see th at yo u h av e h it th e ver y ce ntr e o f

,

th e bull s eye
’
-
.
 VI S
LE D CA RROL L 2 61

[A sk et ch ru no
of N o no ! Pl eas e d o n t giv e us
“
B
’
,

th e (to my mi nd ) ve ry ugly quit e m o d er n co stum e whi ch

, ,

sh o ws with s u ch cru el disti nct ness a p o dgy po t b elli ed (ex cus e ,

-

th e vulgarism ) b o y wh o co uld n t r u n a mil e to s av e his life

’
.
,

I want B ru no to b e str ong but at th e s am e tim e light and

,

activ e— with th e figur e o f o ne o f th e littl e acr o b ats o ne s ee s at

th e cir cus — no t Mast e r T o mm y wh o h abit u ally g o rg e s
“
,
”

hims elf with puddi ng A ls o that dress I disl ik e very m u ch

. .

Pl eas e give him a sh o rt tu ni c and r ea l k ni ck erb ock ers— no t

,

th e tight k nee br eech e s th ey ar e r apidly shri nki ng to

-
.

V e ry truly y ours
C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

’
By Mr . k i nd p e rm i ss i o n I a m e nabl e d
F u r niss s
t o g i v e a n e x a mpl e o f t h e o t h e r s i d e o f t h e

co rr e sp o nd e nce o ne o f h i s l e t t e rs t o M r D o dg s o n
,
.
,

a ll t h e m o r e i nt e r e s t i ng fo r th e ch a rm i ng l i t t l e

sk e t ch w h i ch it co nta i ns .

W i t h r e sp ect t o th e sp i d e r M r D o dgs o n h ad ,
.

w r i t t en : S o m e w r i t e r s ays t h a t t h e fu ll fa ce
“

of a sp i d e r a s s e e n u nd e r a m ag ni fyi ng gl as s -
, ,

i s v e r y s t r i k in g .
 Y VI E D RU
l
S L AN B N O.

Fr m
( o a d r w i g by H ry
a n en H o id ay )
 C H APT E R V I I

(
1 8 8 8 — 1 8 91 )

A s yst em at ic l ife M em o ri a T ech ni ca

“
M D o dgson s r .
’

shy ness A L e ss on in L ati n Th e Wo nd erl and

— “ — ”

St amp C as e Wis e Wo rds ab o ut L e tt e r Writi ng

'

- -

Pri ncess A li ce Sylvi e and B ru no Th e night

co m eth Th e N urs e ry A li ce C ov entry P atm o r e —

Tel epathy R e sig nati on o f D r L idd ell A l ett er ab o ut

—
.
—

L ogi c .

N o ld
b a ch e l o r i s g e ne rall y v e r y pr e ci s e
a nd e x act in h i s h a b i t s H e h as no o ne .

b u t h i ms e lf to l o o k a ft e r n o t h i ng t o d i s ,

t ract h i s a t te nt i o n fr o m h i s o w n a ffai rs ; and

M r D o dgs o n w as th e m o s t pr e ci s e and e x act
.

o f o ld b ach e l o rs H e m a d e a pr é ci s o f e v e r y
.

l e t t e r h e w r o t e o r r e ce i v e d fro m t h e 1 s t o f
j anu a r ,y 1 8 6 1 t o t h e 8 t h o f t h e s a m e m o nt h
, ,

1 8 98 Th e s e pr é ci s w e r e all nu mb e r e d and
e n t e r e d in r e fe r e nce b o o ks and b a n i ng e n i o u s
' ’

-
y ,
'

s ys t e m o f cr o ss nu mb e r i ng h e w as abl e t o t r a ce
-

265
2 66 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

a wh ol e co rr e sp o nd e nce w h i ch m i gh t e x t e nd
,

t hr o u gh s e v e ral v o l u m e s Th e l a s t n u mb e r
.

e nt e r e d in h i s b o o k i s

H e h ad s co r e s o f gr ee n ca rdb o a rd b o x e s a ll ,

nea t l y l a b e ll e d , in w h i ch h e k e p t h i s v a r i o u s
p ap e rs Th e s e b o x e s fo rm e d q u i t e a fea t u re o f
'

'

h i s s t u d y at Oxfo rd a l a rg e nu mb e r o f t h e m
,

b e i ng a rrang e d u p o n a r e v o l v i ng b o o ks t and .

Th e l i s t s o f v a r i o u s s o r ts w h i ch h e k e p t w e r e
, ,

i nnu m e r a bl e ; o ne o f t h e m t h at o f u na ns w e r e d ,

co rr e sp o nd e nt s g e ne r a ll h e ld s e v e nt y o r e i gh t y
, y
nam e s at a t i m e e x cl u s i v e o f a u t o gra ph h u nt e rs
,
-
,

w h o m h e d i d no t a ns w e r o n pr i nci pl e He .

s ee m e d to d e l i gh t in b e in g a r i th m e t i call y accu rat e

a b o u t e v e r y d e t a i l o f l i fe .

H e a l w a ys r o s e at th e s a m e ea rl y h o u r and i f , ,

h e w as in r e s i d e n ce a t Chr i s t Ch u r ch a t t e n d e d ,

C o ll e g e S e r v i ce H e sp ent th e day a cco rd i ng t o

.

a pr e s cr i b e d r o u t i ne w h i ch u s u all y i ncl u d e d a
,

l o ng w al k i nto th e co u n t ry v e r y o ft e n al o ne b u t
, ,

s o m e t i m e s w i t h an o t h e r Do n o r p e rh aps i f th e , ,

w al k w a s no t t o b e a s l o n g a s u s u a l w i t h s o m e ,

l i t t l e g i rl fr i e nd at h i s s i d e W h en h e h a d a
-
.

co mp a ni o n w i t h h i m h e w o u ld t al k t h e w h o l e
,

t i m e t ell ing d e l i gh t fu l s to r i e s o r e xpl a in i ng s o m e

, ,

ne w l o g i ca l pr o bl e m ; i f h e w as al o ne h e u s ed ,
2 68 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

My Me m o ria
T e ch ni ca is a m o difi cati o n o f Gray s but ’
,

wh e r eas h e us ed b o th co ns o nants and vo w els to r e pr e s ent

digits and h ad to co nt ent hims elf with a syll abl e o f gibb e rish
,

to r epr e s ent th e d at e o r wh at e v e r o th e r nu mb e r was r e quir e d ,

I u se o nly con s o nants and fill in with v o w els a d libitu m

, ,

and thus can always m anag e to m ak e a r eal w o rd o f w h at e v e r

h as to b e r epr es ent ed .

Th e pri ncipl e s o n whi ch th e nece ssary 2 0 co ns o nants h ave

b een C h o s en ar e as fo ll o ws
1 b and c th e first two co ns onants in th e alph ab et
.
“ ”
,
”
.

N d fro m d u o w fr o m two“
,
” “
.
”

O
/ t fro m tre s th e o th e r m ay wait aw h il e
“
,
”
.
C

f fr o m fo ur
“ ” q fro m q u attu o r ” “ ”
A ,
.

M l and v b ecau s e 1 and v ar e th e R o m an sym

“ ” “ ” ”
,

b o ls fo r fifty and fi ve
“ “
.
”

m s and x fr o m si
“ “ “
x .
”

g p and m fro m s ept e m .

o
o h fro m huit and k fro m th e Gr eek o kt o
“ ” ”
.

o n
“
fr o m ni ne and g ,

b ecaus e it is so lik e a 9 “
.
g

O z and r fro m ze r o
“ ” “ ” “
.

Th er e is now o ne co ns o nant still waiti ng fo r its digit vi , z .

,

o ne digit waiti ng fo r its co ns o nant vi th e

“
(C
j a,
nd 3 ,
z .
, , .

co nclusi o n is Ob vi o us .

Th e r e sult m ay b e tabul at e d thus

6 7 8

s p h
m k

Wh en a w o rd h as b een fo u nd wh o s e l ast , s
co n o nan ts r ep r e
 L E WI S CARR OL L 2 69

s ent th e nu mb er re quired th e b est pl an is to put it as th e l ast

,

wo rd o f a rhym ed co upl e t so th at wh at ev er o th e r wo rds in it

, ,

ar e fo rg o tt en th e rhym e w ill s ecu r e th e o nly r eally imp o rt ant

,

wo rd .

N o w supp o s e you wish to r e m e mb er th e d ate o f th e dis

co ve y o f A m e ri ca whi ch is 1 4 9 m ay b e l e ft o u t
”
th e
“
r , 2 1

as o bvi o us ; all we nee d is

Writ e it th u s

4 9

f n d

q g w

and try to fi nd rd th at co ntai ns f o r q

a wo n
“ ”
or
“ g ”
, ,
“
d or w A wo rd s o o n s u gge sts its elf fo u nd
.
”
.

Th e p o eti c facu lty must now b e br o ught int o pl ay ,

and th e
fo ll o wi ng co upl e t will s oon b e evo lv ed
Co l s s il
u m bu ed th e w rl d r a o u nd ,

U ntil A m ri
a o

e ca was F O U N D

p o ssibl e invent th e co upl ets fo r y o urs elf ;

If , you w ill re

m emb er th e m b ett er th an any o th e rs .

f u ne ,
1 888 .

Th e i nv e nto r fo u nd t h i s M e m o r i a T ech ni ca
v e r y u s e fu l in h e lp i ng h i m t o r e m e mb e r t h e d a t es
o f t h e d i ffe r e nt C o ll e g e s H e o ft e n o f co u rs e .
, ,

h ad t o sh o w h i s fr i e nds th e s i gh t s o f O xfo rd a nd ,

th e e a s y w ay i n w h i ch as k e d o r u na sk e d,
he ,

co u ld e mb e ll i sh h i s d e s cr i p t i o ns w i t h d a t e s u s e d

t o s u rpr i s e t h o s e w h o d i d no t k no w h o w th e
2 70 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF

’
t h i ng w as d o ne Th e co u pl et fo r St .
jo h n s
C o ll e g e r a n as fo ll o w s

Th ey must h ave a be v el
T 0 k eep th em so L E VE L .

Th e a ll u s i o n i s to th e b ea u t i fu l l a w ns fo r w h i ch
,

’
St j o h n s i s fam o u s
. .

I n h i s p o w e r o f r e m e mb e r in g a ne cd o t e s and ,

br i ng i ng t h e m o u t j u s t at th e r i gh t m o m e nt M r , .

D o dgs o n w as u ns u rp a ss e d A g u e s t br o u gh t
.

i nto Chr i s t Ch u rch C o m m o n R o o m w as u s u all y

h and e d o v e r t o h im t o b e a m u s e d H e w as no t .

a g o o d m an to t e ll a s t o r y t o — h e h ad al w ays
h e a rd it b e fo r e ; b u t as a r aconteu r I ne v e r m e t
h i s e q u al A nd th e b e s t o f it w as t h at h i s s t o r i e s
.

n e v e r gre w e x ce p t in nu mb e r
—
.

One w o u l d h a ve e xp e ct e d t h a t a m i nd so cl e a r
a nd l o g i cal a nd d e fi ni t e w o u ld h av e fo u gh t sh
y
o f t h e fe m i ni ne i nt e ll e ct w h i ch i s g e ne r a ll y su
, p
p o s e d t o b e d e fi ci e nt in t h o s e q u al i t i e s and so it
i s s o m e w h a t s u rpr i s i ng t o fi nd t h a t b y far t h e
gr ea t e r nu mb e r o f h i s fr i e nds w e r e l ad i e s H e .

w a s q u i t e pr e p a r e d t o co rr e ct t h e m h o w e v e r , ,

w h e n t h e y w e r e g u i l t y o f w h at s e e m e d t o h i m
u nr e a s o ni ng co nd u c t a s i s sh o w n b
, y t h e fo ll o w

ing e x t r a ct fr o m a l e t t e r o f h i s t o a yo u ng l a d y
 2 72 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

t h i s h i s s o u l t o o k d e l i gh t in t h i s h e s o u gh t a nd
,

fo u nd th e jo y o f b a t t l e and o f v i ct o r y Y e t h e .

w o u ld no t all o w h i s s e r e ni t y t o b e r u ffl e d b y any
fo e w h o m h e co ns i d e r e d u nw o r t h y o f h i s s t e e l ;
h e r e fu s e d to a rg u e w i t h p e o pl e w h o m h e k ne w
to b e h o p e l e ssl y i ll o g i cal — d e fi nit e ly r e fu s e d ,

t h o u gh w i t h s u ch ta ct t h at no w o u nd w as g i v e n ,

e v e n t o t h e m o s t s e ns i t i v e .

H e w as m o d e s t i n t h e t r u e s e ns e o f th e t e rm ,

n e i t h e r o v e r e st 1m at 1ng no r u nd e rra t i ng h i s o w n
m e n ta l p o w e rs and pr e fe rr i ng to fo ll o w h is o w n
,

co u rs e w i t h o u t r e g a rd i ng o u t s i d e cr i t i ci sm I “
.

ne v e r r e a d a ny t h i ng a b o u t m ys e l f o r m y b o o ks ,

h e w r i t e s in a l e t t e r t o a fr i e n d and th e r e a s o n
h e u s e d t o g i v e w as t h at i f th e cr i ti cs pr ai s e d h i m
h e m i gh t b e co m e co n ce i t e d w h i l e i f t h e y fo u nd
, ,

fa u l t h e w o u l d o nl y fe e l h u r t a nd angr y On
,
.

Oct o b e r 2 5 1 8 8 8 h e w r o t e in h i s D ia r y :
, ,
I “

’
s ee t h e r e i s a l ea d e r in t o d ay s Sta nda r d o n
-

m ys elf as a w r i t e r b u t I do no t m ean t o r e ad i t .

I t i s no t h e al t h y r e a d i ng I t h i nk
, .

H e h at e d p u bl i ci t y a nd t r i e d t o av o i d it in
,

e v e r y w ay . Do no t t e ll a ny o ne i f yo u s ee ,

m e i n t h e t h e a t r e h e w r o t e o nce t o M i ss M a r i o n
,

T e rr y On ano t h e r o cca s i o n w h e n h e w as d i nin g

.
,

o u t at O xfo rd and s o m e o ne w h o d i d no t k n o w
, ,
 L E WI S CARROL L 2 73

t h a t i t w as a fo rb i dd e n s u bj e ct t u r ne d th e co n ,

v e rs a t i o n o n A l i ce in W o nd e rl a nd h e r o s e
“
,

s u dd e nl y and fl e d fro m th e h o u s e I co u ld .

m u l ti pl y i ns t ance s o f t h i s s o r t b u t it w o u ld b e
,

u nj u s t t o h i s m e m o r
y t o i n s i s t u p o n t h e m o rb i d w ay
in w h i ch h e r eg a rd e d p e rs o nal p o p u l a r i t y As .

co mp a r e d w i t h s e lf a d v e r t i s e m e nt
-
it i s ce r t a i nl y
,

th e l e ss e r e v i l ; b u t t h at i t is a n e v i l a nd a v e r y ,

p ai nfu l o ne t o i t s p o ss e ss o r M r D o dgs o n fu ll y
, .

saw . O f co u rs e it h a d i t s h u m o r o u s s i d e a s fo r , ,

i ns t ance w h e n h e w as br o u gh t i nto co nt act w i t h

,

l i o n h u nt e rs au t o graph co ll e ct o rs et h oe genu s
-
,
-
,

om ne . H e w as v e r y s u sp i ci o u s o f u nk no w n
co rr e sp o nd e n t s w h o a ddr e ss e d q u e s t i o ns t o h i m ;

in l a t e r ye a rs h e e i t h e r d i d no t a ns w e r t h e m a t
all o r u s e d a t p e w r i t e r B e fo r e h e b o u gh t h i s
, y .

t yp e w r i t e r h e w o u ld ge t s o m e fr i e nd t o w r i t e fo r
,

h i m and e ve n t o s i g n L e w i s C arr o ll at th e
,
“

e nd o f t h e l e t t e r I t u s e d to g i v e h i m grea t
.

a m u s e m e nt t o p i ct u r e th e a s t o ni shm e n t o f t h e

r e ci p i e nt s o f t h e s e l e t t e rs i f b y any ch ance t h e y
,

e v e r ca m e t o co mp ar e h i s a u t o graphs
“
.

On o ne o ccas i o n t h e s e cr e ta r y o f a Y o u ng “

L ad i e s A cad e m y in th e U ni t ed S t a t es a sk e d
’ ”

h i m to pr e s e nt s o m e o f h i s w o rks t o th e S ch o o l
L i brary Th e e nve l o p e w as addre ss ed to L e w i s
.
“
2 74 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

C a rr o ll Chr i s t Ch u r ch an i nco ngr u i t y w h i ch

, ,

al w a s a nno ye d h i m i nt e ns e l y
y H e r e pl i e d t o .

’
t h e S e cr e t a r y A s M r D o dgs o n s b o o ks a r e a ll
“
.
,

o n M a t h e m a t i cal s u bj ect s h e fe ars t h a t t h e y,

w o u ld no t b e v e ry a cce p ta bl e in a s ch o o l
l i bra r y .

S o m e fo u r t e e n o r fi ft ee n ye ars ago th e F o u r t h ,

cl ass o f t h e G i rl s L a t i n S ch o o l at B o s t o n U S
’
. .
, ,

s t a r t e d a m ag a z i ne a nd a sk e d h i m i f t h ey m i gh t
,

call it Th e a bher w oeh

j H e w r o t e in r e pl
.
y

Mr . L e wis C arro ll h as mu ch pl easure in givi ng to th e

e dit o rs o f th e pr o p o s e d m ag azi ne p e rmissi o n to u se th e titl e

th ey wish fo H e fi nds th at th e A ngl o Saxo n w o rd wocer

r. - “

or
“
wo co r s ig nifi es o ffspring o r fru it Taki ng j abb e r
” “ ” “
.
” “

in its o rdi nary acce pta ti o n o f e x cit ed and v o lubl e dis cussi o n
“
,

this w o uld giv e th e m eani ng o f th e re sult o f mu ch excit ed “

dis cussi o n Wh eth er this phras e will h av e any appli cati o n to

.

th e pr o j e ct e d pe r io di cal it will b e fo r th e futur e hist o ri an o f

,

A m eri can lit e ratur e to d e t ermi ne M C arr o ll wish e s all

. r.

s u cce ss to th e fo rth co m ing m agazi ne .

Fr m t h at t i m e fo r w a rd h e t o o k a gr e a t i nt e r e s t
o

in th e m agaz i ne a nd t h o u gh t v e r y w e ll o f i t
, It .

u sed ,
I b e l i e v e t o b e r eg u l a rl y s u ppl i e d to h i m
, .

Onl y o nce d i d h e e xpr e ss d i s appr o v a l o f a ny t h i ng

it co ntai ne d a nd t h a t w as in 1 8 8 8 w h e n h e fe l t
, ,

it ne ce ss a r y t o a dm i ni s t e r a r e b u k e fo r w h a t h e
t h o u gh t t o b e an i rr e v e r ent j o k e Th e s e q u e l .
2 76 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

This m od e Of writi ng is o f co urs e an A m e ri can i nv enti o n

, , , .

We ne v e r i nv e nt new m achi nery h e re we d o but u se to th e ,

b e st o f o u r ability th e m achi ne s you s end us F o r th e o ne I

,
.

am no w usi ng I b eg yo u to acce pt my b e st th anks

, and to ,

b eli ev e m e
Yo ur si ncer e fri end
L E W I S C A RR OL L
,

S urely we ca n pati ently s wall o w m any B l ack D rau ghts , if

we ar e to b e r eward e d with so sw ee t a L ump o f Sugar

Th e l s d p o e m w h i ch
e nc o e , h as s i nce b e e n
r e p u bl i sh e d i n Th re e S u ns e t s
“
,
ru ns a s fo ll o w s

A L E SSON IN LA TI N .

Ou r L ati n b o o ks in m o tl ey r ow
, ,

I nvit e us to th e task
Gay H o race st at el y Ci ce r o
,

Y et th e r e s o ne verb w h en o nce we k no w
’
, ,

N o high e r skill w e ask

This ranks all o th e r l o r e ab o v e
We ve l ear ned am are m eans to l o v e
’ “ ”

h o ur by h ou r fr o m fl o w er to fl o w er
So , ,

We sip th e s weets o f life

Till ah to o s o o n th e cl o uds aris e ,

A nd k nitt ed br o ws and angry eye s

Procl aim th e d awn o f strife .

With h alf a sm il e and h alf a sigh ,

A m ar e B itt e r One we cr y .

La st night we o w ned with l o o ks fo rl o rn

, ,

To o w ell th e s ch o l ar k no ws
 L E WI SC ARR OL L 2 77

Th e re is no ro s e with o ut a th o r n
B u t p eace is m ad e 1 we si ng this m o r n , ,

N o th o r n with o ut a r o s e
Ou L at in l e ss on is co mpl et e
r

We v e l earned th at L o ve is B itt er sw eet

’
-

L E w 1 s C A RR OL L .

In O ct o b e r M r D o dg s o n i nv e nt e d a v e r y
.

i ng e ni o u s l i t t l e s t a mp cas e d e co r a t e d w i t h t w o
-
,

”
“
P i ct o r i al S u rpr i s e s r e pr e s e nt i ng th e Ch e sh i r e
,
“

”
C at va ni sh i ng t i ll no th m g b u t t h e gr i n w as l e ft ,

a nd t h e b a b
’
u r ni ng p g l s H

y t i n t o a i in A i ce
“

a rms Th e i nve nt i o n w as e nt e r e d at S t a t i o ne rs ’
.

H all and p u bl i sh e d b y M e ssrs E mb e rl i n and

, .

So n o f O xfo rd
, A s an appr o pr i ate acco m pani
.

m e nt h e w r o t e E i gh t o r N i ne Wi s e W o rds o n
,

L e t te r W r i t i ng a l i t t l e b o o kl e t w h i ch i s s ti ll
-
,

s o ld a l o ng w i t h t h e ca s e Th e W i s e W o rds.
“
,

as th e fo ll o w i ng e x t r act s sh o w h av e th e t r u e ,

“
C a rr o ll ia n r i ng a b o u t t h e m :

So m e A m eri can writ er h as said th e s nak es in this distri ct “

m ay b e di vid ed i nt o o ne sp eci e s th e v e no m o us Th e sam e

— .

pri ncipl e appli es h ere P o st age st am p cas e s m ay b e divid ed

.
- -

i nt o o ne sp eci e s th e Wo nd erl and

— “
.
”

Si nce I h av e p o ss e ss e d a Wo nd e rl and St amp C as e L ife ,

h as b een br ight and p eace ful and I h av e u s e d no o th er

,
I .

b eli ev e th e Qu een s L au ndre ss us es no o th er .

M y fifth R ul e is if y o ur fri end m ak e s a s ev e re r em ark

, ,

eith e r l eav e it u nno ti ce d o r m ak e y o ur r e ply disti nctly l e s s

2 78 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF L E WI S CARR OL L
s eve re and if h e m ak e s a fri endly re m ark t endi ng t owards
: , ,

“
m aki ng up th e littl e di fference th at h as aris en b etween you ,

le t y o ur r e ply b e disti nctly m or e fr i endl y I f in pi cki ng a .

,

qu arrel each p arty d ecli ned to go m o re than th r ee eigh th s o f

,
-

th e way and if in m aki ng fri e nds e ach was r eady to go fi ve

, , ,

eigh th s o f th e way— why th e r e wo uld b e m o r e r eco ncili ati o ns

,

th an qu arr els Whi ch is lik e th e I rishm an s re m o nstrance to ’

his gad ab o ut daught er

-
Shure y o u r e a lways g o i n o u t !
:
“
,
’ ’

Y o u go o t th r ee tim e s for wanst th at yo u co m e in !

”
u

My sixth R ul e is d on t try to h a ve th e last w or d ! H o w

,
’

m any a co ntro v e rsy wo u ld b e nipp ed in th e bu d if each was ,

anxi o us to le t th e o th er h av e th e l ast wo rd N ev e r mi nd h o w
t elli ng a r ej o i nd e r yo u l eav e u nutt e re d : nev er m ind yo ur
fri end s supp o si ng th at you ar e sil ent fr o m l ack of anythi ng to
’

say : let th e thi ng dr o p as s oo n as it is p o ssibl e with ou t

,

dis co urt e sy re m e mb e r Speech is silve rn but sil ence is

:
“
,

g o ld en ! (N B I f yo u ar e a gentlem an and y o ur fri end a

”
. .
‘

l ady this R ul e is s u p e rfl u o us you won t get th e la st

, :
’

w or d
Re m e mb er th e o ld pr ov erb Cro ss writi ng m ak es cro ss ,
“ -

r eadi ng .Th e Old pr o v e rb ? yo u say i nquiri ngly

” “
H ow
”
.

o ld ? Well no t so very anci ent I m u st co nfess I n fact I

, , .
,

i nv ent ed it whil e writi ng this p aragraph Still you k now .

, ,

is a compa r a tive t e rm I thi nk yo u w o uld b e qu ite

“ ”
o ld .

j ustifi e d in addr e ssi ng a chi ck en j ust o u t o f th e sh ell as old , ,

“

wh en co mpa r ed with ano th er chi ck en th at was o nly

”
boy !
half o u t
-

Th e p amphl e t e nds w i t h an e xp la na t i o n o f
L e w i s C a rro ll s m e t h o d o f u s i ng a co r r espo n
’

d e nce b o o k i ll u s t ra t e d b y a fe w i m ag i nar y
-
,

p ag e s fro m s u ch a co mp i l a t i o n w h i ch a r e v e r y ,

h u m o ro u s .
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTERS OF

At th e e nd o f th e r th e
A l i ce Op e r e t ta
“
e a
y
was ag a i n pr o d u ce d a t t h e G l o b e Th e at r e w i t h ,

M i s s I sa B o w m an a s th e h e r o i ne I s a m a k es
.

a d e l i gh t fu l A l i ce M r D o dgs o n w r i te s
, . an d ,
“

E m s ie [ a
y o u ng e r s i s t e r
] i s w o nd e rf u ll y g o o d a s

RY
ll
“
TH E MA D TE A -P A T .

Fr
( anz a r
ph otog aph by E io tt 6 F r y .
)

D o rm o u s e and as S e co nd os t
[
o f an Gh
w h e n s h e s i ngs a v e rs e a nd d a nce s t h e S ai l o r s
’

H o r np i p e.

Th e firs t o f a n i nco mpl e t e s e r i e s C u ri o sa ,

“

M a t h e m a t i ca w as p u bl i sh e d fo r M r D o dgs o n
, .
 L E WI S C ARROL L 2 81

by M e ssrs M acm i ll an d u r i ng th e ye ar I t w as
. .

”
e nt i t l e d
“
A N e w T h eo ry o f P a rall els and any ,

o ne t ak i ng i t u p fo r th e firs t t i m e m i gh t b e
t e mp t e d to ask I s th e a u t h o r s e r i o u s o r i s h e
, ,

’
s i mpl y g i v i ng u s s o m e j eu d esp r it ? A cl o s e r
i ns p ect i o n h o w e v e r s o o n s e t t l e s th e q u e s t i o n
, , ,

a nd th e r e a d e r i f m a t h e m a t i cs b e h i s h o bb i s
, y ,

ca rr i e d i rr e s i s t i bl a l o ng t i ll h e r ea ch e s t h e l a s t
y
p ag e .

Th e o bj e ct w h i ch M r D o dgs o n s e t h i m s e l f t o
.

a cco mpl i sh w as t o pr o v e E u cl i d I 3 2 w i t h o u t .

ass u m i ng th e ce l e br a t e d 1 2 th A x i o m a fea t ,

w h i ch calls u p v i s i o n s o f th e C i rcl e S q u a r e rs
“ -
.

Th e w o rk i s d i v i d e d in to t w o p a r t s : B o o k I .

co nt a i ns ce r t a i n Pr o p o s i t i o ns w h i ch r e q u i r e no
d i sp u ta bl e A x i o m fo r t h e i r pro o f and w h e n o nce
,

th e fe w D e fi ni t i o ns o f a m o u nt 81 0 h av e
“
, ,

b e co m e fam i l i a r it i s eas y r e ad i ng I n B o o k I I . .

t h e a u t h o r i nt r o d u ce s a ne w A x i o m o r ra t h e r ,

“
Q u as i A x i o m
- —f o r 1t s sel f ev id
-
e nt ch a r a ct e r is

o p e n t o d i sp u t e . Th i s A x i o m is as fo ll o w s

In any Circl e th e i ns crib ed e quil at eral T e trago n [H exago n

in e diti o ns I st and nd ] is gr eat e r than any o ne of th e Seg
2

m ents whi ch lie o utsid e it .

A ss u m i ng th e t ru t h of t h i s A x i o m M r D o dg , .
 THE LI FE A N D LE TTE RS OF

so n pro v e s s e r i e s o f Pr o p o s i t i o ns w h i ch l ead
a ,

u t o a nd e na bl e h i m t o acco mpl i sh t h e fe a t
p
r e fe rr e d t o ab o v e
’

A t t h e e nd o f B o o k I I h e pl ace s a pr o o f (s o
.

far as fi ni t e m ag ni t u d e s a r e co nce r ne d ) o f E u cl i d s
’

A x i o m pr e ce d e d b y a nd d e p e nd e nt o n th e A x i o m
,

t h a t I f tw o h o m o g e ne o u s m ag ni t u d e s b e b o t h o f
t h e m fi ni t e t h e l e ss e r m ay b e so m u l t i pl i e d b y a
,

fi ni t e nu mb e r as to e x ce e d th e gr eat e r Th i s .

A x i o m h e s ays h e b e l i e v e s t o b e a ss u m e d b y
, ,

e v e r y w r i t e r w h o h a s at t e mp t e d t o pr o v e E u cl i d s
’

1 2 th A xiom Th e pr o o f i t s el f i s b o rr o w e d w i t h
.
,

sl i gh t al t e ra t i o ns fr o m C u t hb e r ts o n s E u cl i d ean
,
’

G eo m e t ry .
”

I n A pp e nd i x I t h e r e i s a n al t e r na t i v e A x i o m
.

w h i ch m ay b e s u bs t i t u t e d fo r t h a t w h i ch i nt r o
d u ce s B o o k I I and w h i ch w i ll pr o b abl y co m
.
,

m e nd i t s e lf to m any m i nds as b e i ng m o r e t r u l y
ax i o m at i c . To s u bs t i t u t e t h i s h o w e v e r i nvo l v e s
, ,

s o m e add i t i o ns and a l t e ra t i o ns w h i ch th e au t h o r
,

a pp e nd s

A pp end i x I I i s h e ad e d b y t h e s o m e w h at
.

I s E u cl i d s A x i o m t r u e ?
’ ”
s t a r tl i ng q u e s t i o n ,

a nd t h o u gh t r u e fo r fi ni t e m ag ni t u d e s t h e s e ns e —

in w h i ch no d o u b t E u cl i d m ea nt it t o b e t a k e n
, ,

i t i s sh o w n t o b e no t u ni v e rs all y t r u e I n .
2 84 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

’
H agg e r w h o w as fir e d w i t h M r D o dgs o n s
,
.

a mb i t i o n t o co nv i nce h i s co rr e sp o nd e nt o f h i s
e rr o r fa i l e d as s i g nal l y as M r D o dgs o n d i d
,
. .

Th e fo ll o w i ng l e t te r i s i nt e r e s t i ng as sh o w i ng
t h a t s t r i ct C o ns e r va ti ve t h o u gh h e w as h e w as
, ,

no t in r e l i g i o u s m at t e rs na rr o w m i nd e d ; h e h e ld -

h i s o w n o p i ni o ns s t r o ngl y b u t h e w o u ld ne v e r ,

co nd e m n t h o s e o f o t h e r p eo pl e H e saw go o d “
.

in e v e r yt h i ng a nd t h e r e w a s b u t l i t t l e e x a
,
gg e

ra t i o n b e it s ai d in a ll r e v e r e nce in t h e ph ras e
, ,

w h i ch a n o ld fr i e nd o f h i s u s e d i n sp e a k i ng o f
h i m to m e : M r D o dgs o n w as a s br o ad as
“
.
—

”
br o a d as Ch r ist .

C H R I ST C H UR C H , OX F OR D ,
May 4, 1 889
DE
.

A R M1ss M A N N E R s —
h o p e to h av e a ,
I b oo k o u t ne w

ve ry s o o n and h ad e nt e r e d y o ur nam e o n t h e list o f fri ends to

,

wh o m co pi e s ar e to go but o n s eco nd th o ughts p erh aps yo u

, ,

might pr e fer that I sh o uld s e nd it to y o ur littl e siste r (P) [ni ece]

R ach el wh o m yo u m e nti o ne d in o ne o f y o ur l ett ers
,
I t is to .

b e call e d Th e N urs e ry A li ce and is m eant fo v ery y o u ng

“ ”
,
r

childr en co nsisti ng o f co l o ur e d e nl arg e m ents o f tw e nty o f th e

,

pi cture s in A li ce with e xpl anatio ns su ch as o ne wo uld give

,
”

in sh o wi ng th em to a littl e child .

I was mu ch int e r e st e d by y o ur l e tt e r t e lli ng m e yo u b elo ng ,

t o th e So ci e ty o f Fri e nds Pl eas e d o no t thi nk o f m e as o ne

.

to wh o m a d iffe rence o f cree d is a b ar to fr i endship My

“ ”
.

s ens e o f br o th er and sist erh o o d is at l east br oad eno ugh to

i nclud e C h r istia ns o f all d eno mi nati o ns ; in fact I h av e one ,
 LE I/VI S CA RROL L 2 85

valu ed fri end (a l ad y wh o s ee ms to live to d o go o d ki nd t hi ngs )

wh o is a U nit ari an .

Sh all I put R ach el Manners in th e b oo k ?

B eli eve m e ve ry si nce r e ly y o urs
C L D ODG SON
, ,

. . .

Fr o m ju ne 7t h t o j u ne l o th he s t aye d at H at
fi e ld .

Once lu nch eo n [h e writ e s ] I h ad th e D u ch e ss (of

at

A lbany ) as neighb ou r and o nce at br eakfast and h ad s everal ,

o th e r ch ats with h er and fo u nd h e

, ve ry pl eas ant i nd eed r .

Pri nce ss A li ce is a s weet littl e girl H er littl e bro th er (th e

D uk e of A lbany) was entirely fasci nati ng a p erfect little pri nce
.

, ,

and th e pi ctur e o f g o o d hum o ur On Su nd ay aft er no o n I h ad

-
.

a pl easant h alf h o ur w ith th e childr e n [

-
Pri ncess A li ce th e
D uk e of A lbany H on Mab el Palm er L ady Vi ctoria
,
“
, ,

Manne rs and L o rd H add o n] t elli ng th e m B ru no s Pi cnic “ ’ ”

I go t th e D u ch ess s
, ,

and fo ld ing a fi sh ing b o at fo r th em -

’
.

l eav e to s end th e littl e A li ce a co py o f th e N urs ery

A l ice ,
and m ean t o s end it with A li ce U nd ergr o u nd “
fo r
”

h ers elf .

T o wa rds th e e nd o f t h e yea r L ew i s C arr o ll

h ad t r e m e nd o u sl y h a rd w o rk co mpl e tin g S yl v i e “
,

a nd B r u no F o r s e v e ra l d a ys o n e nd h e w o rk e d
.

fr o m br e akfa s t u nt i l nearl y t e n in th e e v e ni ng
w i t h o u t a res t A t l as t it w as o ff h i s h ands and
.
,

fo r a m o nt h o r so h e w as (co mp a r at i v e l y) an i dl e
m an S o m e no t e s fr o m h i s D ia ry w r i t t e n d u r i ng
. ,

t h i s p e r i o d fo ll o w
,
2 86 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF L E I VI S CA RROL L
N ov . 1 first tim e an actual b eli ev er in th e
7th .
— Met fo r , ,

cr az e that buyi ng and s elli ng a e wr o ng (h e is rath e r o u t ‘

r

o f h is Th e m o st curi o us thi ng was his d ecl arati o n

th at h e hims elf lives o n th at th eo ry and never b u ys anythi ng , ,

and h as no m o ney ! I th o ught o f rail way trav elli ng and ,

ventur e d t o ask h o w h e go t fr o m L o nd o n t o Oxfo rd ? On “

a bi cy cl e ! A nd h ow h e go t th e bi cycl e ? I t was giv en

” “

him ! So I was fl oo r ed and th ere was no tim e t o thi nk o f

”
,

any o th e r inst ance s Th e w h ol e thi ng was so new to m e th at

.
,

wh en h e d ecl are d it to b e u n Ch r istia n I quit e fo rg o t th e t ext -

, ,
“
H e that h ath no sw o rd let h im s ell his garm ent and b u y , ,
”
o ne .

Dec . 1 9th Went o v e r p erfo rm ance to B irmi ngh am to see a

A l ice (Mr s Fr eiligr ath K r o ek er s v e rsi o n) at th e High

“ ’
of .

Sch o ol I rashly o ffe r e d t o t ell B r u no s Pi cni c aft e rwards

”
“ ’
.

to th e littl e childr en thi nki ng I sh o uld h av e an audi ence o f

,

4 0or 5 m o stly children inst ea d o f whi ch I h ad to t ell it

0, ,

fro m th e st ag e to an audi ence o f ab o ut 2 8 0 m o stly o ld er girls ,

and gr o wn u p p eo pl e ! — H o w ev e r I got s o m e o f th e children ,

t o co m e o n th e st ag e with m e and th e littl e A li ce (Muri el ,

H o ward Smith act 1 ) st o o d by m e whi ch m ad e it l ess awful

-
, . 1 , .

Th e e v eni ng b egan with s o m e o f J u li u s C aesar in G erm an “ ”

.

This and A li ce we re really capitall y act ed th e Whit e

“ ”
,

Qu een b ei ng quit e th e b est I h av e s een (M iss B L l o yd .

Ow en) I was i ntr o du ce d to A li ce and a few m o r e and

.
,

was quit e s o rry t o h ear aft e rwards th at th e o th e r p e rfo rm e rs

want ed to sh ak e h ands .

Th epu bl i cat i o n o f S yl v i e and B r u no m a rks “

’
a n e p o ch i n i t s a u t h o r s l i fe fo r i t w as th e p u bl i ca ,

t i o n o f all th e i d e a l s and s e n t i m e nt s w h i ch h e h e ld
m o s t d e a r I t w a s a b o o k w i t h a d e fi n i t e pu r
.

p o s e ; it w o u ld b e m o r e t r u e to say w i t h s ev e ra l
2 88 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

d efi ni t e p u rp o s e s F o r t h i s v e r y r e as o n i t i s no t
.

a n a r t i s ti c t r i u mph a s t h e t w o A l i ce b o o ks
“ ”

u nd o u b t e dl y ar e ; i t i s o n a l o w e r l i t e ra r y l e v e l ,

t h e r e is no u ni ty in th e s t o r y B u t fr o m a h i gh e r
.

s ta ndp o i nt t h a t o f t h e Chr i s t i an and th e ph i l an

,

th r o p is t t h e b o o k i s t h e b e s t t h i ng h e e v e r w r o t e
, .

I t i s a no bl e e ffo r t to u ph o ld th e r i gh t o r w h a t h e ,

t h o u gh t t o b e th e r i gh t w i t h o u t fe a r o f co nt e mp t
,

o r u np o p u l a r i t y Th e i nfl u e n ce w h i ch h i s e a rl i e r
.

b o o ks h a d g i ve n h i m h e w as d e t e rm i ne d to u se
in ass e r t i ng negl e ct e d t r u t hs .

Of co u rs e th e s t o r y h a s o t h e r feat u r e s d e l i gh t ,

fu l no ns e ns e no t s u rp ass e d b y an y t h i ng in
“

”
W o nd e rl and ,ch i ld i sh pra t t l e w i t h a ll t h e
ch a rm o f r e al i t y a b o u t i t an d p i ct u r e s w h i ch m a
, y
fai rl y b e s ai d t o r i v al t h o s e o f S i r J o h n T e nni e l .

H ad t h e s e b ee n all t h e b o o k w o u ld h a v e b e e n a
,

gr e a t s u cce ss A s t h i ngs ar e t h e r e ar e pr o b a bl y
.
,

h u ndr e d s o f r e a d e rs w h o h a ve b e e n s ca re d b y th e
r e l i g i o u s a rg u m e nt s and p o l i t i ca l d i s cu ss i o ns
w h i ch m a k e u p a l a rg e p a r t o f i t a nd w h o h av e ,

ne v e r d i s co v e r e d t h a t S yl v i e i s j u s t a s e nt r a nci ng

a p e r s o nag e as A l i ce w h e n yo u e t t o k no w h e r
g .

P e rh aps t h e s e nt i m e nt o f t h e fo llo w m g p o e m ,

s e nt t o L ew i s C a rr o ll b y a n a no nym o u s co rr e
s o nd e nt m a al s o e xpl a i n w h s om e o f A l i ce s
p , y y
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 2 89

l o v e r s h av e g i v e n “
S yl v i e a l e ss w a rm w el

co m e

TO S L VI E Y .

Ah ! S ylvi e wi ns o m e wis e and g o o d !

, ,

Fai n wo uld I l o v e th ee as I sh ou ld .

B u t to t ell th e tr u th my d ear
, , ,

A nd Syl vi e l o v es th e truth to h ear ,

Th ou gh fair and pure and sweet th ou a t r ,

Thi ne eld er sist er h as my h eart !

I g av e it h er l o ng l o ng ago,

To h ave and h o ld and well I k now ,

B rav e L ady Sylvi e th o u w o uldst s co r n

,

To accept a h eart fo r e s wo r n .

Lo v ers th o u wilt h ave eno w

U nder m any a greeni ng b o ugh
L o v e rs yet u nb o r n g al o r e ,

L ik e A li ce all th e wid e wo rld o e r

’

B u t d arli ng I am no w to o o ld
, ,

To ch ang e A nd th ou gh I still sh all h o ld

.

Th ee and that p u ckli ng sprit e thy br o th er

D ear I cannot love anoth er
, , ,

I n this h eart o f mi ne I o wn
Sh e must e v e r r eig n al o ne
Ma r ch , 1 8 90 .

’
I d o no t k no w N P s nam e a nd addr e ss o r
. .
,

I sh o u ld h a ve ask e d l eav e b e fo r e g i v i ng p u bl i ci t y
t o t h e a b o v e v e rs e s I f t h e s e w o rds m e et h i s e ye
.
,

I h o p e h e w i ll a cce p t m y m o s t h u mbl e a p o l o g i e s
fo r t h e l i b e r ty I h av e t a k e n .

20
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

At th e b eg i nni ng
B ap t i s t m i ni s t e r of 1 8 94 a ,

pr each i ng o n th e t e x t N o m an l i v e t h t o ,
“

’
h i m s e l f m ad e u se o f S yl v i e and B r u no t o
,
“

e nfo r ce h i s a rg u m e nt A ft e r s ayi ng t h at h e .

h ad b e e n r e a d i ng t h a t b o o k h e pr o ce e d e d as ,

fo ll o w s
A hild was ask ed to d efi ne ch arity H e s aid it was givi n
c .
’

away wh at yer d 1d n t w ant ye r self This was s om e peo pl e s id ea

’ ” ’
.

o f s e lf sac ifice but it was no t Christ s Th en as to s ervi ng ’

-
r .

o th e rs in vi ew o f r e w ard Mr L ewis C arr o ll put this view o f

: .

th e sub j e ct v e ry fo r cibly in his Sylvi e and B ru no an e x ce l

“ —

l e nt b o o k fo r y o uth ; i nd eed fo r m en and w o m en to o H e , .

first criti cis ed A rchd eaco n P aley s d efi niti o n of virtu e (whi ch ’

was s aid t o b e th e d o i ng g o o d t o m anki nd in Ob edi e nce to

“
,

th e will o f Go d and fo r th e s ak e o f e v e rl asti ng

,

and th e n tur ne d to s u ch hym ns as th e fo ll o wi ng

Wh atever , r
L o d , we l end to T h e e,

R epaid th ou sandfold sh a ll be,

l ly w l
a

T h en
g ad il w e give to T h ee,

Gi vr e o f all

Mr . C arr o ll s co mm e nt was bri ef and to th e p o i nt H e s aid

’
.

Talk o f Origi nal Sin C an yo u hav e a stro ng er proo f o f th e

Origi nal G oo d ne ss th er e must b e in this nati o n th an th e fact
th at R eligi o n h as b een preach ed to us as a co mm e rci al sp ecu ,

l ati o n fo a ce ntury and th at w e still b eli eve in a Go d ?

,
r ,
”

Sylvi e and B ru no P art i pp Of co urs e it was

”
76 ,
.
,
. 2 ,

quit e tru e as M C arro ll p o i nt ed o u t th at o r g oo d d eeds

, r .
,
u

w o uld b e r eward e d ; but w e o ught to d o th e m b ecaus e th e y

w er e good and no t b ecaus e th e r eward was great
,
.

I n th e P r e fa ce to S yl v i e a nd B r u no ,
L ew is
 THE L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

W h at s o e v e r h and fi nde th t o d o d o it w i t h
th y ,

’
a ll th y m i gh t ,
w as M r D o dgs o n s r u l e o f l i fe
.
,

a nd , as th e e nd dr e w ne a r h e o nl y w o rk e d t h e
,

h a rd e r
C H R t ST C H UR C H , OX F OR D ,

Apr il 1 0, 1 8 90
I
.

MY DE A R A T K N SON — Many and si nce re th anks fo y o ur

,
r

m o st h o spitabl e invit ati o n and fo th e v e ry i nt e r esti ng ph ot o

, r

o f th e family gr o u p Th e fo rm er I fear I m u st ask yo to let

. u

m e d e fe r sine d ie and r eg ard it as a pl eas ant dr eam no t qu ite

, ,

h o p el ess o f b ei ng s o m e d ay r ealis ed I k eep a list o f su ch

.

pl eas ant p o ssibiliti es and y o urs is no w o ne o f ten simila r ki nd

,

o ffe rs o f h o spit ality B u t as life sh o rt ens in and th e eveni ng

.
,

sh ad o ws l oo m in sight o ne ge ts to g u dge a ny tim e giv en to

,
r

m ere pl easur e whi ch might ent ail th e l eavi ng wo rk h alf fi nish ed

,

that o ne is l o nging to d o b e fo re th e end co m e s .

Th ere a e s everal b oo ks I g ea tly d esir e to ge t fi nish ed fo

r r r

c h ildren I am gl ad to fi nd m y w o rki ng p owers a e as

. r

g oo d as th ey ev er w ere E v en with th e m ath e m ati cal b o ok

.

(a third e diti o n) whi ch I am now g etti ng thro u gh th e press ,

I thi nk no thi ng o f wo rki ng six h o urs at a str e t ch .

Th e re is o ne t ext th at o ft en o ccurs to m e Th e night ,

“

co m eth w h e n no m an can w o rk
,
K i nd e st r gards to M s
.
”
e r .

A tki ns o n and l o v e to G rtrud e

, e .

A l ways sincer ely y o urs

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

F th e
b e ne fi t o f ch i ldr e n ag e d fr o m no u gh t “
or

to fi v e a s h e h i ms e l f ph r a s e d i t
, L e w i s C a rro ll ,

pr e p a r e d a nu rs e r y e d i t i o n o f A l i ce He “
.

sh o r t e ne d th e t e x t co ns i d e r abl y and a l t e r e d i t s o ,

m u ch t h a t o nl y t h e pl o t o f th e s t o ry r e m a i ne d
 LE WI S CARROLL 2
93

u h g d
nc a n e I t w as i ll u s t ra t e d b y t h e o ld p ic
.

tu r e s, co l o u r e d b
y T e nni e l a n d t h e c o v e r w a s ,

a d o r ne d b y a p i ct u r e d e s i g ne d b y M i ss E G e r t .

ru d e Th o ms o n A s u s u a l th e D e d i cat i o n t a k e s
.
,

th e fo rm o f a n a nagra m t h e s o l u t i o n o f w h i ch i s
,

t h e na m e o f o ne o f h i s l a t e r ch i ld fr i e nds Th e -
.

N u r ser y w a s p u bl i sh e d b y M a cm i ll a n

a nd C o i n M a r ch 1 8 90
.
, , .

O n A u g u s t 1 8 t h t h e fo ll o w i ng l e t t e r o n t h e
E i gh t H o u rs M o ve m e nt app ea re d in Th e
Sta ndar d

StR , — Supp o si ng it we r e th e st o m
rtai n t o w n t
cu ,
in a ce , o

s ell eggs in pap er bags at so mu ch pe

b ag and that a fi e r ce r ,

disput e h ad aris en b et ween th e egg vend o rs and th e publi c

as t o h o w m any eggs each b ag sh o uld b e u nd e rst o o d to

co ntain th e v e nd o rs wishi ng to b e all o w e d t o m ak e up sm all e r

,

bags ; and supp o si ng th e p u blic were to say I n future we ,

“

will pay yo u so m u ch per egg and yo u can m ak e up b ags as ,

yo u pl eas e wo uld any gr o u nd r e m ai n fo furth e r disput e ?

”
,
r

Supp o s ing th at e mpl o y e rs o f l ab o ur wh en thr eat ene d with ,

a
“
strik e in cas e th ey sh o uld d ecl ine to re du ce th e numb er
”

o f h o urs in a w o rki ng d ay we r e t o r e ply I n futur e w e will “

, ,

a o u so mu ch p er h o ur and yo u can m ak e up d ays as yo u

p yy ,

pl eas e it d o e s app ear to m e— b ei ng as I co nfe ss an ig no rant

,
”
, ,

o utsid e r th at th e disp u t e w ou ld d ie o t fo r want o f a r a ison

— u

d étr e and th at th e s e dis astr o us strik e s i nfli cti ng su ch h eav y

’
, ,

l o ss o n e mpl o y e rs and e mpl o yed alik e wo u ld b eco m e thi ngs ,

o f th e p a st .

I am Sir yo ur o b e di e nt s e rvant
, , ,

L E w r s C A RR OL L .
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

'

Th e re m a i nd e r Of t h e yea r w as u ne v e nt fu l
a fe w no t e s fr o m h is D i a r y m u s t r e pr e s e n t i t

h ere :

Oct 4 th
. C all ed o n M C o v entry P atm o re (at H asti ngs)
.
— r .
,

and was v e ry ki ndly r e ce iv e d by him and st ay e d fo r aft e r no o n ,

tea and di nne r H e sh o we d m e s o m e inter estm g p ctu es

. 1 r ,

i ncludi ng a ch armi ng littl e drawi ng by H olm an Hu nt o f o ne , ,

o f h is d aught ers wh e n thr e e y ears o ld H e gav e m e an in .

te esting acco u nt o f h is g o i ng b y T e nnyso n s r e qu e st to his

’
r , ,

l o dging to l o o k fo th e MS o f I n Me m o r i am whi ch h e h ad
r .
“
,
”

l eft b ehi nd and o nly fi ndi ng it by i nsisti ng o n g o i ng upstairs

, ,

in spit e o f th e l andl ady s o pp o siti o n to s ear ch fo r it A ls o h e

’
.
,

t old m e th e st or y (I thi nk I hav e h eard it b e fo r e ) o f wh at

Wo rdsw o rth t old his fri ends as th e o ne j o k e o f h is life “ ”
,

in ans we r t o a p assi ng cart e r wh o ask e d if h e h ad s een h is

w ife . My g o o d fri e nd I did n t e v en k no w yo u h ad a wife
“
,
’

H e s ee ms a v e ry h al e and vig o r o us old m an fo r nearl y s ev e nty ,

whi ch I th ink h e gav e as h is age in writi ng to m e .

Oct 3 1 5 t — This m o r ni ng thi nki ng o v e r th e pr o bl e m o f

. .
,

fi ndi ng t wo squ are s w h o s e su m is a squ are I ch ance d on a ,

th eo re m (whi ch s eems tr u e th o u gh I canno t pr ove it ) th at if , ,

y b e e v en its h alf is th e sum o f two squ ar e s A k i ndr ed

2 2
x , .

th eo rem th at 2 (x , y ) is al ways th e sum o f two sq u ar es

2 ?
,

als o s ee ms tru e and u npr o v abl e .

N ov 5 th . I h av e no w pr o ve d th e ab o v e two th eo r e ms
.
— .

A no th e r pr etty d e du ctio n fr o m t h e th eo ry o f squ are numb e rs

is th at any numb e r wh o s e squ ar e is th e su m o f t wo squ ar e s is
, ,

i ts elf th e sum o f two squ ar e s .

’
I h av e a l r ead y m e nt i o ne d M r D o dgs o n s h ab i t .

o f t h i nk i ng o u t pr o bl e ms a t ni gh t O ft e n ne w .

i d e a s w o u ld o ccu r t o h i m d u r i ng h o u rs o f sl e ep
 TH E DE A N OF CH R I ST C H URC H .

F
( r om a r
ph otog aph by H ill Sa u nd e s ) r .
 THE FE AN D LE TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OLL
'

LI 2 97

Th i s w as a gre at bl o w to M r D o dg s o n b u t l i t t l e
.
,

m i ti ga t e d b y th e fact t h a t t h e v e r y m an w h o m h e
h i ms el f w o u ld h av e ch o s e n D r P ag e t w as , .
,

app o i nt e d t o fill t h e v aca nt pl ace Th e o ld D e an .

w as v e r y p o p u l a r in C o l l e g e ; e v e n th e u nd e r
gr ad u a t e s w i t h w h o m h e w as s e ld o m br o u gh t
,

i nt o co nt act fe l t th e m ag i c o f h i s co mm and i ng
,

p e rs o nal i t y and t h e ch a rm o f h i s graci o u s o ld ,

w o rld m a nne r H e w a s a m an w h o m o nce s ee n

.
, ,

i t w as alm o s t i mp o ss i bl e t o fo rg e t .

Sh o r t l y b e fo r e th e r e s i g na t i o n o f D r L i dd e ll .
,

th e D u ch e ss o f A l b a ny sp e nt a fe w d ays a t t h e

D ea ne r y M r D o dgs o n w as ask e d t o m ee t h e r
. .

R o yal H i gh ne ss at l u nch eo n b u t w as u na bl e to ,

o Pr i n ce ss A l i ce a nd t h e l i t t l e D u k e o f A lb a n
g .
y ,

h o w e v e r p a i d h i m a v i s i t a nd w e r e i ni t i a t e d in
, ,

th e a r t o f m a k i ng p ap e r p i s t o ls H e pr o m i s e d to
.

s e nd th e Pr i nce ss a co p y o f a b o o k call e d Th e “

F a i r i e s and th e ch i ldre n h av i ng sp e nt a h app y

,
”
,

h al f h o u r in h is r o o ms r e t u r ne d to th e D ea ne r y
- -
,
.

T h i s w as o ne o f t h e d ays w h i ch h e m ark e d “

w i t h a w h i t e s t o ne H e s e nt a co p y o f Th e “

N u rs e r y A l i ce t o th e l i t t l e P r i nce s s A l i ce and
‘
,

r e ce i v e d a no t e o f t h anks fr o m h e r and als o a ,

l e t t e r fr o m h e r m o t h e r in w h i ch s h e sa i d t h a t t h e
,

b o o k h ad t au gh t t h e P r i nce ss t o l i k e r e ad i ng and ,
 THE LI FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

to do it l s
ou t i me ofTo th e D u k e h e
e s o n-
t .

g av e a co p y o f a b o o k e nt i t l ed Th e M e rr y “

E l ve s .
”
I n h is l i t t l e no t e o f t h anks fo r t h i s g i ft ,

th e b o y s ai d A l i ce and I w a nt yo u t o l o v e u s
,
“

b o t h M r D o dgs o n s e nt Pr i nce s s A l i ce a p u z z l e
. .
,

pro m i s i ng t h at i f sh e fo u nd it o u t h e w o u ld g i v e ,

”
h e r a g o ld e n ch a i r fr o m W o nd e rl a nd
“
.

A t t h e cl o s e o f t h e ye a r h e w r o t e m e a l o ng
l e t t e r w h i ch I t h i nk w o r t h y o f r e pr o d u ci ng h e r e
, ,

fo r h e s p e nt a l o ng t i m e o v e r i t a nd it co nt a i ns ,

e x ce ll e nt e x a mpl e s o f h i s cl e a r w a y o f p u t t i ng

t h i ngs .

Collingwood TO S D . . .

C H C H OX F O R D Dec 9 1 8 9 1 . .
, , . 2 , .

MY D E A R STU A R T — (R ath e r a l arg e no t e sh ee t is n t it ?

,
-
,
’

B u t th e y d o diffe r in siz e yo u k no w ) I fancy this b o o k o f

,
.

s ci ence (whi ch I h av e h ad a go o d whil e with ou t m ak i ng any ,

u se o f it
) m ay pr o ve o f s o m e u se to yo u w ith yo ur b o ys [I
, , .

was a s ch o o lm ast e r at th at tim e ] A ls o this cy cli ng b oo k (o r -

wh at ev e r it is t o b e call ed ) m ay b e u s e ful in putti ng d o w n

e ng ag e m ents &c b esid e s t e lli ng yo u a lo t ab o ut cy cl e s
,
.
, .

Th ere was no u se in s endi ng it to m e ; my cy cli ng d ays

a e o ver
r .

Y o u ask m e if y ou r l ast pi ece o f Mer itt pri nti ng is d ark

eno ugh I thi nk no t
. I sh o uld say th e r o ll e rs w ant fr esh
.

i nki ng A s to th e m a tter o f y o ur sp ecim en [it was a p o o r

.
—

littl e essay o n killi ng anim als for th e p u rp o s e of s ci entifi c .

r ecreati o ns e g co ll ecti ng b u tte fl ieSJ I th ink yo u ca nnot

,
. .
,
r —

sp end y o ur tim e b ett e r th an in tryi ng to set d o w n cl early in ,

th at ess ay fo rm yo u r id eas o n any sub j ect th at ch ance s to

-
,
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

it is a parti cul ar o ne i nv o lve s th e l o gical fall acy call ed a

,

co ntradi cti o n in t e rms

“
.

( 2)
“
I n b o th cas e s (anim al and pl ant ) d eath is o nl y th e
“

co nve rsi o n o f m att e r fr o m o ne fo rm to ano th e r Th e w o rd .

“
fo rm is v ery vagu e I fancy yo u u se it in a s o rt o f ch em ica l
” —

s ens e (lik e s ayi ng sugar is starch in ano th e r fo rm wh ere th e ,

”

ch ang e in natur e is g e ne r ally b e li e v e d to b e a r earr ang e m ent

o f th e v e ry s am e at o ms ) I f yo u m ean to ass ert th at th e

.

di ff erence b et ween a li ve anim al and a d ead anim al i e ,

. .
,

b etw ee n anim at e and s ensitiv e m att er and th e s am e m att er ,

wh en it b eco m e s i nanim at e and i ns ensitiv e 15 a m e r e r earrang e ,

m e nt o f th e s am e at o ms yo ur pre miss is i nt elligibl e (I t is a

, .

b o ld er o ne th an any bi o l ogists h ave yet advanced Th e m o st .

s cepti cal o f th e m admits I b eli eve th at vit ality is a thi ng

, ,
”

per se H o w e v e r th at is b e sid e my pr es ent s co p e ) B u t this

.
, .

premiss is advanced to pro v e th at it is o f no co ns equ ence “ ”

to kill an anim al B u t granti ng th at th e co nv ersi o n o f s e nsi

.
,

ti ve i nt o i ns ensitive m att e r (and o f co urs e vice ver s ? ) is a m ere e

ch ang e o f fo rm and th er ef or e o f no co ns equ e nce ;

“ ” “ ”
,

gr anti ng this we canno t e s cape th e i ncludi ng u nd e r this ru l e

,

all simil ar cas e s I f th e power o f feeli ng p ai n and th e a bsence

.
,

o f th at p o w e r a e o nl y a diffe r e nce o f fo rm th e co nclusi o n ”

,
r ,

is i nevit abl e th at th e f eeling p ai n and th e not feeli ng it , ,

ar e a lso o nly a di ff e r ence in fo rm to co nv e rt m att e r , ,

whi ch is not fe eli ng p ai n i nt o m att er f eeli ng p ai n is o nly to

, ,

ch ang e its fo rm and if th e pro ce ss o f changing fo rm is

“ ” “
, ,

co ns e q u e nce in t h e cas e o f s ensitiv e and i ns ensitiv e

“ ”
o f no

m atte r we m u st admit th at it is a lso o f no co ns equ ence in

,
”

th e cas e o f p ai n fee li ng and no t p ai n fe eli ng m att e r

-
This -
.

co nclusi o n I im agine yo u ne ith e r i nt end e d no r fo r e s aw

, ,
Th e .

pre miss whi ch yo u u se i nv o lve s th e fall acy call ed pro vi ng

, ,
“

to o m u ch .

Th e b est advi ce th at co uld b e gi ve n to yo u wh en you ,

b egin to co mp o s e s erm o ns wo uld b e wh at an o ld fri end o nce ,

gave to a y ou ng m an wh o was g o ing o u t to be an I ndi an

 LE WI S CA RR OL L 30 1

j udg e (in I ndia it s ee ms th e j u dg e d ecid e s thi ngs with o ut a

, , ,

j ury lik e o C o u nty C o urt j u dge s )

, ur Giv yo r d i ion . e u ec s s

b oldly and cl early ; th ey will pro b ably b e r igh t B t d o not . u

gi ve y o r r ea ons th ey will pro b ably b e wr ong I f y o ur lo t in

u s .
”

life is to b e in a cou ntry parish it will p erh aps no t m att er m ch , u

wh e th er th e r eas o ns gi ven in yo ur s erm o ns d o o d o no t pr o v e r

yo u r co nclusi o ns B t ev en th e r e you m igh t m ee t and in a

. u ,

t o wn congr egatio n you wo u ld b e su e to m eet l ever s ceptics r , c ,

wh o k now well h o w to argu e wh o will d et ect y o ur fall aci e s and

,

p o i nt th em o u t to th o s e wh o a e not yet tro ubl ed with d o ubtsr ,

and thus u nd e rmi ne a ll th e ir co nfid ence in y o ur t eachi ng .

A t E astb ou r ne l ast summ er I h eard a pr each er ad vance th e

, ,

ast o u ndi ng arg u m e nt We b eli eve that th e B ibl e is tr u e b e

,
“
,

caus e o h o ly Mo th er th e Church t ells us it is I pity th at

ur , ,
.
”

u nfo rtu nat e cl ergym an if eve r h e is b old e nough to ent er any

Y o u ng M en s D eb ati ng Club wh er e th e r e is s o m e cl ear h ead ed
’
-

s cepti c wh o h as h eard o h eard o f th at s erm on I can fancy

, r ,
.

h ow th e y oung m an wou ld u b h is h ands in d elight and w o uld

r , ,

say to hims elf J u st see m e get him i nt o a co rne r and convict

“
, ,

h im o f arg u i ng in a cir cl e
Th e b ad l ogi c th at o ccu rs in m any and m any a w ell m eant -

s erm o n is a real d ang e r to m o d ern Christi anity Wh en

, .

d et ect ed it m ay s eri ou sly i nj ure m any b eli evers and fill th em

, ,

with mis er abl e d o ubts So my advi ce to yo as a you ng th eo

. u,

l ogi cal stud ent is Sift yo ur r eas o ns well and b efo re you o ffer
, , ,

th m to o th ers m ak e sur e that th ey pr o ve y ou r co nclusi o ns

e ,
.
”

I h o p e you wo n t gi ve this l ett er o f mi ne (whi ch it h as co st

’

m e s o m e tim e and th o ught to writ e) j u st a si ngl e r eadi ng

and th e n bur n it ; but th at yo will lay it asid e P e rhaps u .
,

e v en y ears h ence it m ay b e of s o m e se to yo u to r ead it

,
u

ag ai n .

B el iev e m e always
Y ou r affecti o nat e U ncl e,

C L D ODG SON . . .
 C H A PT E R V I I I

(
1 8 92 — 1 8 96)

D odgs on resig ns th e C u rat o rship B azaars H e l ect u r e s

— —

to children A m ech ani cal

— H u mpty D umpty A 10 5 —
"

cal co ntr o v e rsy A lb ert Ch ev ali er Sylvi e and B ru no

— — “

C o nclud e d Pill ow Pr o bl e ms — Mr D odgs o n s g ene .

’

r o sity C o ll ege s e rvi ces R eligi o us di fficu lti es A vill ag e

— — —

s erm on — Pl ans for th e fu t u re— R eve rence Symb o li c

L o gi c
”
.

T Chr i s t Ch u r ch as at o th e r C o ll e g e s
, ,

th e C o m m o n R o o m i s an i mp o r t ant
’

fe a t u r e Op e n fr o m e i gh t in th e m o r n
.

ing u nt i l t e n a t ni gh t it t a k e s th e pl a ce o f
,

a cl u b w h e r e t h e d o ns m ay see th e ne w s
,
“

p ap e rs t al k w r i t e l e t te rs o r e nj o y a cu p o f
, , ,

t ea. A ft e r d i nne r m e mb e rs o f H i gh T abl e

, ,

w i t h t h e i r g u e s t s i f a ny ar e pr e s e nt u s u all
y ,

a dj o u r n t o t h e C o m m o n R o o m fo r w i ne a nd

d e ss e r t w h i l e t h e r e i s a s m o k i ng r o o m h a rd b y
,
-

fo r t h o s e w h o d o no t d e sp i s e t h e h a rml e ss b u t
302
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

t i o n a nd co u ch e d in th e s am e s e r i o co m i c v e i n
,
-
.

A s a l o g i ci an h e na t u r a ll y l i k e d t o s e e h i s
t h o u gh t s in pr i n t fo r j u s t a s t h e m a t h e m a t i cal
, ,

m i nd crav e s fo r a bl ack b o ard and a p i ece Of

-

ch a lk ,
so t h e l o g i cal m i nd m u s t h a v e i t s p ap e r

a nd pr i nt i ng pr e ss w h e r e w i t h t o s e t fo r t h i t s
-

d e d u ct i o ns e ffect i v el y
A fe w e x t ract s m u s t s u ffi ce t o sh o w t h e s t yl e o f
t h e s e p a mphl e t s and th e o pp o r tu ni ty o ffe r e d fo r
,

t h e d isplav o f h u m o u r .

I n t h e a rr a ng e m e n t o f t h e pr i ce s a t w h i ch w i ne s
w e r e t o b e s o ld t o m e mb e rs o f C o mm o n R o o m ,

h e fo u nd a fi ne s co p e fo r th e e x e r ci s e o f h i s m a t h e
m at ical t al e nt s a nd h i s s e ns e o f pr o p o r t i o n In .

o ne o f t h e p a mphl e t s h e t ak e s o ld P o r t and
Ch a bl i s a s i ll u s t ra t i o ns .

Th e rigi nal co st o f each is ab o ut 3 5 a b o ttl e ; but th e

o .

pre s ent v al u e o f th e o ld P o rt is ab o ut 1 1 5 a b o ttl e L et

'

. .

us supp o s e th en th at we h ave to s ell to C o mm o n R o o m

, ,

o ne b o ttl e o f Old P o rt and thr ee o f Ch ablis th e o r igi nal co st

,

o f th e wh o l e b ei ng and th e pr e s ent v alu e 05 Th e s e

2 .

ar e o u r d at a We h av e now tw o qu esti o ns to answ e r First

. .
,

wh at sum sh all we ask fo r th e wh o l e ? Seco ndl y h o w sh all ,

w e app o rti o n th at su m b etw ee n t h e two ki nds o f wi ne ?

Th e su sk e d fo r th e w h o l e h e d e ci d e s
m to b e a ,

fo ll o w i ng pr e ce d e nt i s to b e t h e pr e s e nt m ark et
,
 L E WI S CA RROL L 30 5

l
va u e o f t h e w i ne ; as t o th e s eco nd q u e s t i o n , he
go e s o n t o s ay

We h ave fte n h appens in th e l iv es o f disti nguish ed

, as so o

pre mi e rs thr ee co urs e s b efo re us ( ) to ch arge th e pr esent

,
1

v alu e fo each ki nd o f wi ne ( ) to put o n a ce rtai n p ercentage

r 2

to th e o r igina l v alu e o f each ki nd ; (3 ) to m ak e a co mpro mis e

b etw een th es e two co urs e s .

C o urs e 1 s eems to m e p erfectly reas o nabl e ; but a v ery

pl ausibl e o bj ecti o n h as b een m ad e to it— that it puts a p o r

h ibito y pri ce o n th e valu abl e wi ne s and th at th ey wo uld

r ,

rem ai n u nco nsum ed This w o uld no t h o w ev er i nv o lve any

.
, ,

l o ss to ou r fi nance s we co uld Obvi o usly realis e th e enhance d

val u e s o f th e o ld wi nes by s elli ng th em to o utsid ers if th e ,

m e mb ers of C o mm o n R o o m wo uld not buy th em B u t I .

d o no t adv o cat e this co urs e .

C o urs e wo uld l ead to ch argi ng 5 s a b o ttl e fo r P o rt

2 .

and Ch ablis alik e Th e P o rt dri nk e r wo uld b e in cl o v e r

-
“ ”
.
,

whil e th e Ch ablis dri nk e r w o uld pr o b ably b egi n g e tti ng h is

-

wi ne direct fr o m th e m er ch ant i nst ead o f fr o m th e C o mm o n

R oo m cell ar whi ch w o uld b e a r ed u ctio a d a bsu r d u m o f th e
,

tari ff Y et I h av e h eard this co urs e adv ocat ed rep eat edly as

.
, ,

an abstract pri ncipl e Y o u o ught to co nsid e r th e or igina l

“
.

valu e o nly I have b een t o ld

,
Y ou o ught to r egard th e .
“

P o r td ink er as a privat e i ndividu al wh o h as l aid th e wi ne in

r ,

fo r hims elf and wh o o ught to h av e all th e advant ag e s o f its

,

e nh ance d v alu e Y o u canno t fairly ask h im fo m o r e th an

. r

wh at yo u nee d to re fill th e bi ns with P o rt plu s th e p e rcentage ,

th ereo n need e d to m ee t th e co nti ngent exp e ns e s I h ave .

list ened to su ch argum e nts but h ave ne ver b een co nvi nce d th at
,

th e co urs e is j ust I t s ee ms to m e th at th e 8 3 additi o nal val u e

. .

whi ch th e b o ttl e Of P o rt h as acquir ed is th e pr o p erty o f ,

Com mo n R oom and th at C o mm o n R o o m h as th e p o w er to

,

giv e it to wh o m it ch o o s es ; and it d o e s no t s eem to m e

 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

fair to give it all to th e P o rt dri nk e r Wh at m e rit is th e re - .

in pr e fe rring P o rt to Chablis th at co uld j ustify o r s elli ng ,

u

th e P o rt drink e r h is wi ne at l e ss tha n h alf wh at h e w o uld

-

h av e to give o utsid e and ch argi ng th e Ch ablis drink er fi ve

,
-

thirds o f wh at h e wo uld h ave to giv e o utsid e ? A t all eve nts ,

I as a P o rt dri nk e r d o no t wish to abs o rb th e wh o l e ad van

,
-
,

tage and w o uld gl ad ly sh are it with th e C h ab lisd ink e Th e

,
r r.

co urs e I r eco mm e nd i s

C o urs e 3 whi ch is a co mpro mis e b e tw een 1 and its

, 2,

e ss e nti al pri ncipl e b e in g to s e ll th e new wine s a bo ve th e ir v al u e ,

in o rd er t o b e abl e to s ell th e Old below th eir valu e A nd it is .

cl e arly d e sir abl e as far as p o ssibl e t o m ak e th e r edu cti o ns

, ,

w h er e th y w ill be f elt and th e additi o ns w h er e th ey w ill not

e ,

be f elt .Mo reo v er it s eem s to m e th at r edu cti o n is m o st felt

wh e r e it goes d own to the nex t r ou nd su m and an additi o n in ,

th e r e v e rs e cas e i e wh e n it sta ts f r om a r o u nd su m
, . .
,
Thu s r .
,

if we w e re to t ak e 2 d o ff a 5 5 8 d wi ne and add it to a 4 5 4 d
. . .
,
. .

—
thus s elli ng th e m at 5 5 6d and 4 s 6d th e r edu cti o n w o uld. . . .
—

b e w el co m ed and th e additi o n u nno ti ce d ; and th e ch ang e

,

w o uld b e a p o p u l ar o ne .

Th e ne xt e x t r a ct h o w s w i t h w h a t l i gh t
s

h ea r t e d fr i v o l i t y h e co u ld a ppr o ach t h i s t r e m e u

d o u s s u bj e ct o f w i ne

Th e sumpti o n o f Mad e ira (B ) h as b ee n duri ng th past

co n e

y ear z e ro A ft er care ful calc ul ati o n I e stim at e that if this

,
.
,

rat e o f co nsumpti o n b e st eadily m ai ntai ned o u pre s ent st o ck ,

r

will l ast us an i nfi nit e numb er o f y ears A nd alth o ugh th e re .

m ay b e s o m ethi ng m o no t o no us and dr eary in th e pr o sp ect of

su ch vast cycl e s spe nt in dri nk ing s eco nd cl ass Mad e ira we -
,

m ay yet ch ee r o urs e lv e s w ith th e th o ught o f h o w eco no mi cally

it can b e d o ne .
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

Th e w ay in w h i ch h e r e g ard e d t h i s
i s v e ry w o rk
”
ch a r act e r i s t i c o f t h e m an O nce m o r e he .
,

w r i t es ,
I h ave t o t h ank m y H e av e nl y F at h e r
“

fo r t h e gr e a t bl e s s i ng a nd pr iv i l e g e o f b e i ng
all o w e d t o sp e a k fo r H i m ! May H e bl e ss m y
w o rds t o h elp s o m e s o u l o n i t s h ea v e nw a rd w ay .

A ft e r o ne o f t h e s e addr e ss e s h e r e ce i v e d a no t e
fr o m a m e mb e r o f t h e co ngr eg a t i o n t h ank i ng ,

h i m fo r w h a t h e h a d s a i d I t i s ve ry s w e e t .
“
,

h e sa i d ,t o ge t s u ch w o rds no w and t h e n ; b u t
“

t h e r e i s d a ng e r in t h e m : i f m o r e s u ch co m e I ,

m u s t b eg fo r s i l e nce .

D u r i ng t h e year M r D o dgs o n w r o t e th e .

fo ll o w i ng l e t t e r t o t h e R e v C A G o o dh a r t . . .
,

R e cto r o f L a mb o u r ne E ss e x ,

DE A R S1R Y o ur ki nd sympath isi ng and m o st enco uragi ng

,
—
,

l ett e r ab o ut Sylvie and B ru no h as d es e rv ed a b ett e r treatm ent

”

fro m m e th an to h ave b een th u s k ept waiti ng m o re than two

y ears for an answ er B u t life is sh o rt ; and o ne h as m any
.

o th e r thi ngs t o d o ; and I h ave b ee n fo r y ears alm o st h o p e

l essly in arr ears in co rr e sp ond ence I k eep a registe r so .

,

that l ett ers whi ch I int end to ans wer d o s o m e h o w co m e to th e

fr o nt at l ast .

Sylvie and B ru no I t o o k co ur age to i ntr o du ce wh at

“
In
I h ad entir ely av o id e d in th e t wo A li ce b o oks s o m e “ ” —

r e ference to subj ects whi ch a e aft er all th e o nly subj ects

r , ,

o f r eal i nt e r e st in life sub j ects w hi ch a e so i ntim at e ly b o u nd

,
r

up with eve ry t opi c o f hum an i nt er est th at it needs m o re

e ffo rt to av o id th e m th an t o t o u ch o n th e m ; and I fe lt th at
 LE WI S CA RR OL L 309

su ch a b oo k was m o re suitabl e to a cl e ri cal writ er than o ne o f

m ere fu n .

I h o p e I h ave no t offend e d m any (evid ently I h av e no t

o ffe nd e d y ou
) by p u tti ng s ce nes o f m er e fu n and t alk ab o ut ,

Go d i nt o th e s am e b o o k
, .

Only o ne o f all my co rr e sp o nd ents e v e r gu e ss e d th e re was

m o re to co m e o f th e b oo k Sh e was a child p ers o nally
.
,

u nk no wn to m e wh o wr o t e to L e wis Carro ll a sw ee t l ette r

,
“

ab o ut th e b o o k in whi ch sh e s aid I m so gl ad it h as n t go t
“ ’ ’
, ,

a r egul ar wi nd u
p as it sh o ws th e r e is m o r e to co m e
-
,

Th ere is i nd ee d m o re to co m e Wh en I cam e to pi ece

“
.
”

t og eth e r th e m ass o f accumul at ed m at e rial I fo u nd it was

qu it e d ou ble what co uld be put i nt o o ne v o lum e SO I .

divid e d it in th e middl e ; and I h o p e to bri ng o u t Sylvi e “

and B ru no C o nclud e d ne xt Christm as if th at is my

” —
, ,

H eav e nly Mast er give s m e th e tim e and th e str ength fo r th e

ta sk but I am nearl y 60 and h ave no right to co u nt o n y ears
,

to co m e .

I n sig ni ng my r eal nam e le t m e b eg yo u n o t to let th e

,

i nfo rm ati o n go furth er I h ave an intense dislik e to p ers o nal

—

publi city ; and th e m o r e p eo pl e th er e ar e wh o k no w no thi ng

,

L ewis C arr o ll s av e h is b o o ks th e h appi er I am

“ ”
of ,
.

B eli e ve m e si ncer ely y o urs

C H A R L E S L D ODG SON
, ,

. .

I h av e m ad e no a t te mp t to chr o ni cl e all t h e
g am e s a nd p u z z l e s w h i ch L e w i s C a rr o ll i nve nt e d .

A l i s t o f s u ch as h av e b ee n p u bl i sh e d w i ll
b e fo u nd i n t h e B i bl i o gr aph i cal ch ap t e r He .

i nt e nd e d to br i ng o u t a b o o k o f Or i g i nal G a m e s “

and P u z z l es w i t h i ll u s t r a t i o ns b y M i ss E
,
.

G e r t r u d e Th o m so n Th e M S was I b el i e ve
. .
, ,
3 10 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

a l m o s t co mpl e t e b e fo r e h i s d ea t h a nd o ne at , ,

l eas t o f th e p i ct u re s h ad b ee n draw n O n J u ne
,
.

3 o t h h e w r o t e in h i s D i a r y I nv e nt e d w h a t I ,
“

t h i nk i s a ne w k i nd o f r i ddl e A R u ss i an h ad .

t hr e e s o ns Th e fi rs t na m e d Rab b eca m e a
.
, ,

l aw ye r ; t h e s e co nd Y m r a b e ca m e a s o ld i e r , ,

th e t h i rd b e c a m e a s a i l o r W h a t w a s h i s na m e ? .

Th e fo ll o w i ng l e t t e r w r i t te n to a ch i ld fr i end -
,

M i ss E D r u r y i ll u s t r at e s L e w i s C arr o ll s h at r e d
’
.
,

o f b a z aa rs

C H CH OX F OR D N ov 1 0, 1 8 92
DE R E MM I E I Obj ect t a ll b azaars o n th e g ne ral
. . . .
, ,

MY A ,
— o e

pri ncipl e th at th ey a e v ery u nd e sirabl s ch o ls f y o u ng

r e o or

l adi e s in whi ch th ey l earn to b e too fast and fo rward and

,
“ ”
,

a e m o r e e xp o s e d to u nd e sirabl e acqu ai ntance s th an in o rdi

r

nar y s o ci et y A nd I h av e b e sid e s th at sp eci al o b j ctio ns to

.
, , e

b azaars co nnect ed with ch arit abl e o r eligio us purp o s e s I t r .

s ee ms to m e th at th ey d e s ecrat e th e r ligi o us o bj ect by th eir e

u nd sirabl e featur e s and th at th ey t ak e th e r eality t o f all

e , ou

c harity by g etti ng p o pl e to thi nk th at th ey a e d i ng a g o o d

e r o

acti o n wh e n th e ir t u e m o tiv e is am us m e nt fo
,
r th ems elve s e r .

R uski n h as p u t all this fa b e tt e r th an I can p o ssib ly d o and

r , ,

if I can fi nd th e p ass ag e and fi nd th e tim e to co py it I will

, ,

s end it yo B t tim e i a v e ry s car ce luxury fo m e

u. u s r

A lways y o urs affecti o nat ely

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

l a t e r yea rs h e u s e d o ft e n t o g i v e l e ct u r e s
I n h is
o n v a r i o u s s u bj e ct s t o ch i ldr e n H e g av e a s e r i e s .

o n 6 Log i c at th e O xfo rd G i rl s H i gh S ch o o l
‘ ” ’

,
312 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

H u mpty wh e n co mpl et ed was ab o ut two feet and a half

, ,

high His face o f co urs e was white ; th e l o we r half o f th e

.
, ,

eg
g was dr ess ed in brilliant bl u e His stocki ngs were grey
.
,

and th e fam o us cravat o r ang e w ith a z igz ag p att e r n in blu e

, .

E I U M TY D U MP TY
TH E M C H A N C A L “
H P .

(F r m ph t gr ph )
o a o o a .

I am s o rry to say th at th e ph o t o graph h ardl d o es h im j usti ce

y
but h e h ad travell ed to so m any different pl ace s duri ng his
car ee r th at h e b eg an to b e d e cid edly o u t o f sh ap e b e fo r
, e he
sat fo h is p o rtrait
r .
 L E WI S CARR OL L 313

Wh en Humpty b ut to p erfo rm a sh o rt talk was

was a o ,
“ ”

u su ally giv en b efo r e th e curt ai n r o s e e xpl ai ni ng th e way in ,

whi ch th e Sh eep p u t th e egg o n th e sh elf at th e b ack o f th e

littl e sh op and h ow A li ce went gr o pi ng al o ng to it A nd
,
.

th en j ust as th e expl anati on h ad r each e d th e Op eni ng o f th e

ch apt e r o n Humpty D umpty th e curt ai n r o s e and Humpty
,

, ,

was dis co ver ed sitti ng o n th e wall and g azi ng i nt o vacancy

, , .

A s s oo n as th e audi ence h ad h ad tim e to r eco ver A li ce ,

ent e r ed and th e co nvers ati o n was carri e d o n j ust as it is in

Humpty D umpt y ge sti u lat e d w ith his arms

,

th e b o o k . c ,

r o ll ed h is ey e s rais ed h is ey ebro ws fro wned turned up his

, , ,

no s e in s co r n at A li ce s ig no rance and smil ed fr o m ear t o ear

’
,

wh en h e sh o o k h ands w ith h er B e sid e s this his m o uth k ept

.
,

tim e with his wo rds all throu gh th e di al ogu e whi ch add ed v ery ,

greatly to his life lik e app earance

-
.

Th e effect of his hug e face as it ch ang e d fr o m o ne ex

,

pressi o n to ano th er was l u di cro u s in th e e xtrem e and we

, ,

wer e Oft en o blig e d to r ep eat s ent ence s in th e co nv ers ati o n (to

go b ack to th e l ast r e m ark but o ne b ecaus e th e audi ence

“

l augh ed so l o udly o ve r Humpty D umpty s expr e ss io n o f faCe ’

that th ey dro wne d wh at h e was tryi ng to say Th e fu nni est .

cfl ect was th e ch ang e fr o m th e l o o k o f s e lf satisfi ed co mpl a -

cency w ith whi ch h e acco mp ani e d th e wo rds Th e ki ng “

:

h as pr o mis ed m e to th at o f t o w eri ng r ag e wh en A li ce
i nnocently b etrays h er k nowl edg e o f th e s ecret A t th e cl o s e .

o f th e s ce ne wh en A li ce h as vai nl y e nd eavo ur e d to draw him

,

i nt o furth e r co nve rs ati o n and at l ast walks away in disgust

, ,

H u m pt y l o s es his b al ance o n th e wall reco ve rs hims elf , ,

t o tt ers agai n and th en falls o ff backwards ; at th e s am e tim e

,

a b ox full o f br o k en gl ass is dr o pp e d o n th e fl o o r b e hi nd th e

s cene s to r epre s ent th e h eavy crash whi ch sh oo k th e

,
“
,
” “

fo r e st fr o m end to end a nd th e curt ai n falls

” — .

N o w as to h o w it was all d one

,
Humpty was m ad e o f .

b arrel h o o ps and co ve re d with sti ff pap er and m u sli n His

,
.

e y e s we r e r o u nd b alls o f rags co v er ed with musli n drawn

, ,
 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

sm o o thly and with th e pupil and iris m ark ed o n th e fro nt

,
.

Th e s e e y e s we re pivo t e d to a b o ard fast ene d j ust b ehi nd ,

th e e ye o p eni ngs in th e fac

-
To th e ey e b alls we r e s ew e d
e.

stro ng pi ece s o f tape whi ch pass e d thr o ugh s cr ew ey e s o n th e

,
-

e dg e s o f th e b o a rd and so d o w n t o a r o w o f l e v e rs whi ch
,

w e re hi nged in th e l o w e r part o f th e figure One l e v er rais ed .

b o th ey e s upward ano th e r m o v ed th e m b o th to th e l e ft and

, ,

so o n .Th e e y ebr o ws we r e o f w o rst ed and ind iar u b b er k nitt ed

t o ge th er Th ey w e r e fast e ned at th e ends and rais ed and
.
,

l o we red by fi ne whit e threads passi ng thro ugh sm all h o l e s in

th e face and als o o p e rat e d by l e v e rs
, Th e arms pr oj ect ed
.

i nt o th e i nteri o r o f th e m achi ne and th e ge sture s we re m ad e

,

by m o vi ng th e sh o rt e nds insid e Th e right h and co ntai ned a

.

spri ng cl o th e s pin by whi ch h e was enabl ed to h o ld th e no t e

-
,

b oo k in whi ch A li ce set d o wn th e cel ebrat ed pr o bl e m

3 65
I

3 04
Th e m o vem ent o f th e m o uth in talki ng was pro du ce d by
, ,

a l o ng t ap e ru nni ng d o w n to a p ed al whi ch was co ntr o ll ed

, ,

by th e fo o t o f th e p erfo rm er A nd th e smil e co nsist ed o f l o ng

.

strips of r ed tap e whi ch w e re drawn o u t thro ugh slits at th e

,

co r ne rs o f th e m o uth by m eans o f thr ea ds whi ch p ass e d

thr o ugh h o l e s in th e sid e s o f th e h ead Th e p erfo rm e r wh o

.
—

was always y ou r humbl e s e rv ant st o o d o n a b o b e hi nd th e

— x

wall h is h ead j ust reachi ng th e to p o f th e egg whi ch was o p en

, ,

all th e way up th e b ack A t th e l o w er end o f th e figur e co n

.
,

venient to th e h ands o f th e p e rfo rm er was th e o w o f l e v e rs

,
r ,

lik e a littl e k eyb o ard and by striki ng diffe rent ch o rds o n th e

k eys any d esir ed e xpre ssi o n co uld b e pr o du ce d o n th e face
,
.

Of co urs e a p e rfo rm ance o f this ki nd with o ut a g oo d A li ce

,

w o uld b e u nutt e rably fl at but th e littl e girl wh o pl ay e d o pp o

site to Humpt y Miss N elli e K’

,
was so e x actly t h e co u nt e r
p a t o f A li ce b o th in app earance and disp ositi o n th at m o st
r , ,
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

an s w e r e d h i s p a p e r So I no w l o o k fo r w ard
.

”
h o p e fu ll y to t h e r e s u l t o f h i s r e a d i ng m i ne .

Th e h o p e s w h i ch h e e nt e r ta i ne d w e r e d o o m e d
t o b e d i s app o i nt e d ; th e co nt r o v e rs
y b o r e n o

fr u i t s sa v e a fe w p a mphl e ts and a n e no rm o u s
a m o u nt o f co rr e sp o nd e nce a nd fi nall y t h e t w o ,

a nt ag o ni s t s h ad t o agr ee t o d i ffe r .

A s a r u l e M r D o dgs o n w as a s t e r n o pp o nent
.

o f m u s i c h alls -
and m u s i c h all s i ng e rs ; bu t h e
-

m ad e o ne o r t w o e x ce p t i o n s w i t h r eg a rd t o th e
l a t t e r F o r Ch e v al i e r h e h a d no t h i ng b u t pr ai s e ;
.

h e h e a rd h i m at o ne o f h i s r e ci ta ls fo r h e ne v e r in ,

”
h i s l i fe e nt e r e d a V a r i e t y Th e a t r e
“
I g i ve th e .

pass ag e fr o m h i s D ia r y

Went h ear M A lb ert Ch evali er s R ecital I o nly k new

to r.
’
.

o f him as b eing no w r eco g nis e d as f a cile p inceps am o ng r

musi c h all si ngers and did no t r e m e mb er that I h ad s een h im

-
,

t wi ce o r Oft ene r o n th e stage fi r st as M H o bbs — L ittl e

“
r .
” “

L o rd Fau ntl er o y and aft e rwards as a h o rsy y o u ng m an in

”
,

a m a tinee in whi ch Vi o l e t Vanbru gh a pp ear e d

'

H e was .

d ecid edly good as an act o r ; but as a co mic si ng er (with co n

sid e r ab le p o w e rs o f p ath o s as w e ll ) h e is quit e fi st rat e His r -
.

chi e f m e rit s ee ms to b e th e e ar ne st ne ss with w hi ch h e thr o ws

hims elf i nt o th e wo rk Th e s o ngs (m o stly his o wn w riti ng)

.

w e re quit e i no ffensi v e and v ery fu nny I am ve ry gl ad to b e

,
.

abl e to thi nk th at h is i nflu e nce o n publi c t ast e is t o w ards

refi ne m ent and pu r ity I lik e d b e st Th e Future M s r

My Old D ut ch whi ch
. .

A wk ins wi th its taki ng tu ne and

’ ” “ ”
, , ,

r eveal e d p o we rs th at I sh o uld thi nk w o uld co m e o u t grandly

, ,
 LE WI S CA RR OL L 3 17

in R o b so nian parts su ch as
,
“
Th eP o rte r s K no t
’
.

L ittl e N ipp e r was als o we ll wo rth h eari ng .

’
M r D o dgs o n s v i e w s o n S u nd a y O b se r v ance
.

w e r e o ld fa sh i o ne d b u t h e l i v e d u p t o t h e m a nd
-
, ,

d i d no t t r y to fo r ce t h e m u p o n p eo pl e w i t h w h o s e
a ct i o ns h e h ad no co nce r n Th ey w e r e p u r e l y
.

m a t t e rs o f pr i v a t e o p i ni o n w i t h h i m
“
On .

Oct o b e r 2 nd h e w r o t e t o M i ss E G Th o ms o n . .
,

”
w h o w a s i ll u s t r at i ng h i s T hr ee S u ns e ts “

Wo uld yo u ki ndly d o no sk et ch es
ph o t o s fo r me o n a , or , ,

Su nd ay ? I t is in my vi ew (o f cou r se I d o n t co nd e m n any
’
,

o ne wh o diffe rs fr o m m e) i nco nsist ent w ith k ee pi ng th e d ay

h o ly I d o not h o ld it to b e th e J ewish Sabb ath but I d o

.
“
,
”

h o ld it to b e th e L ord s Day and so to be m ad e ve ry d is

“ ’
,

ti nct fro m th e o th er days .

In D ece mb e r t h e L o g i ca l co nt ro v e rs y b e i ng
,

o v e r fo r a t ime M r D o dgs o n i nv e nt e d a ne w
, .

pro bl e m t o p u z z l e h i s m a t h e m a t i cal fr i e nds w i t h ,

w h i ch w a s ca ll e d Th e M o nk e y a nd W e i gh t
“

Pr o bl e m . A r o p e i s s u pp o s e d to b e h u ng o v e r a
w h e e l fix e d t o th e r o o f o f a b u i ld i ng ; at o ne e nd

of t h e r o p e a w e i gh t i s fix e d w h i ch e x a ct l y ,

co u nt e rb a l a nce s a m o nk e y w h i ch i s h a ng i ng o n t o

th e o t h e r e nd S u pp o s e t h at th e m o nk ey b eg i ns
.

to c l i mb h
t e r o p e w h a t w,
i ll b e t h e r e s u l t ? Th e
 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

fo ll o w i ng e x t ract fr o m th e D i a r y i ll u s t ra t e s th e

s e v e ral p o ss i bl e a ns w e rs w h i ch m ay b e g i v e n

Go t Pr o fe ss o r Clift o n s answ er to th e Mo nk e y and Weight

’
,

Pro bl e m .
”
I t is v e ry curi o us th e di ff e r e nt vi e ws t ak e n by
,

go o d m ath e m ati ci ans Pri ce says th e w e ight g o e s up with

.
,

i ncreasi ng v el o city ; Clift o n (and H ar co urt ) th at it g o e s up at ,

th e s am e r at e as th e m o nk e y wh il e Samps o n says th at it g o e s
d ow n .

On D e ce mb e r 2 4 t h M r D o dg s o n r e ce i v e d t h e
.

firs t t w e l ve co p i e s o f S yl v i e a nd B r u no C o n
“

”
cl u d e d j u s t a b o u t fo u r ye a rs a ft e r th e a pp ea ra nce
,

o f t h e fi rs t p a r t o f t h e s t o ry I n t h i s s e co nd .

v o l u m e t h e t w o fa i r y ch i ld r e n a r e a s d e l i gh t fu l a s

e v e r ; it a ls o co n t a i ns W h at I t h i nk m o s t p eo pl e

w i ll agr ee t o b e t h e m o s t b e a u t i fu l p o e m L e w i s

C a rr o ll e v e r w ro t e Say w h at i s t h e sp ell w h e n
, , ,

”
h e r fl e dglings a r e ch e e p i g n ?
(p I n th e .

pr e face h e p ays a w e ll d e s e r v e d co mpl i m e nt t o

-

M r H ar r y F u r niss fo r h i s w o nd e rfu ll y cl e ve r p ic
.
‘

t u r e s h e al s o e xpl a i ns h o w th e b o o k w as w r i t t e n ,

sh o w i ng t h at m any o f th e a m u s i ng r e m arks o f
B r u no h ad b ee n u t t e r e d b y r eal ch i ldr e n H e .

m ak e s all u s i o n t o t w o b o o ks w h i ch o nl y h is d ea t h
,

pr e v e nt e d h i m fr o m fi nish ing O r i g i nal G a m e s

a nd P u z z l e s a nd a p ap e r o n Sp o r t v i e w e d “
, ,

fro m th e s t andp o i nt o f t h e h u m a ni t a r i an F r o m .
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

W . SGilb ert fo r childr en and lik e Gilb ert pr o d u ci ng o ne o f

.
, ,

h is o p eras L e wis C arr o l l t o o k i nfi nit e p ai ns t o study ev er y

,

d etail in pro du ci ng his e xtrao rdi nary and d elightfu l b oo ks .

M Gilb e rt as ev e ry o ne k no ws h as a m o d el o f th e st ag e ;
r. , ,

h e puts up th e s ce ne ry draws ev e ry figure m ove s th e m ab o ut

, ,

j ust as h e wish e s th e r eal act o rs to m o v e ab o ut L ewis C arroll .

was pr ecis ely th e s am e This of co urs e led to a gr eat d eal

.
, ,

o f wo rk and tr o ubl e and m ad e th e ill u str ati ng o f his b o o ks

,

m ore a m att e r o f artisti c i nt erest than o f pr o fessi o nal pro fit .

I was seven yea r s ill u strati ng his l ast wo rk and d u ri ng th at ,

tim e I h ad th e pl easure o f m any an i nt ere sti ng m eeti ng with

th e fas ci nati ng au th o r and I was quit e r ep aid fo r th e tr o ubl e
,

I t oo k no t only by h is g ene r o us appr eci ati o n of my e ff o rts

, ,

but b y th e lib e ral re mu nerati o n h e gav e for th e wo rk and als o ,

by th e ch arm o f h avi ng int er co urs e with th e int er esti ng if ,

s o m ewh at errati c genius .

A b o o k v e r y d i ffe r e n t i n ch a r a ct e r fr o m S yl v i e “

an d B ru n o b u t u nd e r th e s a m e w ell k no w n
,
-

ps eu d o nym app e a r e d a b o u t th e s a m e t i m e I
, .

r e fe r t o P i ll o w P r o bl e ms th e s e co nd p a r t o f
“
,

t h e s e r i e s e nt i t l e d C u r i o s a M at h e m at i ca .

“
P i ll o w Pr o bl e ms t h o u gh t o u t d u r i ng w a k e fu l
”
h o u rs i s a co ll e ct i o n Of m at h e m at i cal pr o bl e ms ,

w h i ch M r D o dgs o n s o l v e d w h i l e l yi ng a w a k e a t
.

ni gh t . A few t h e r e ar e t o w h i ch th e t i tl e i s no t
s t r i ctl y appl i cabl e b u t a ll a l i k e w e r e w o rk e d o u t
,

m e nta ll y b e fo r e any d i agra m o r w o rd o f t h e

s o l u t i o n w as co mm i t t e d t o p ap e r .

Th e au t h o r s ays t h at h i s u s u al pract i ce w as t o
 L E I VI S CA R R OL L 32 1

w ri t e d o w n th e a nsw er fir s t o f all and aft e r w a rd s

,

t h e q u e s t i o n a nd i t s s o l u t i o n . H is m o t i v e h e ,

s ays fo r p u bl i sh i ng t h e s e pr o bl e ms w as no t fr o m
,

an d e s i r e t o d i spl a h i s p o w e r s o f m e nt al cal
y y
cu l a t i o n . Th o s e w h o k ne w h i m w i ll r e ad i l y
b e l i e v e t h i s t h o u gh t h ey w i ll h ardl y b e i ncl i ne d
,

to a cce p t h i s o wn m o des t es t i m at e o f t h o se
p o w e rs .

S t i ll t h e b o o k w as i nt e nd e d no t fo r t h e s e l e ct
,

fe w w h o ca n s cal e th e m o u nt a i n h e i gh t s o f
a d v a nce d m a t h e m a t i cs , b u t fo r th e m u ch l arg e r
cl a s s o f o rd i na r m a t h e m a t i ci a ns a nd t h e y at
y ,

l eas t w i ll b e abl e to appr e ci a t e th e g i ft e d a u t h o r ,

a nd t o w o nd e r h o w h e co u ld fo ll o w s o cl e a rl y in

h i s h ead th e m e nt al d i agra ms and i nt r i cat e cal

cu lat io ns i nvo l v e d in s o m e o f t h e s e P i ll o w
“

Pr o bl e ms .

H i s ch i e f m o t i v e in p u bl i sh i ng th e b o o k w as
t o Sh o w h o w b y a l i t t l e d e t e rm i na t i o n t h e m i nd
, ,

ca n b e m a d e t o co nce nt rate i t s e l f o n s o m e
i nt e ll ect u al s u bj e ct (no t ne ce ss ar i l y m at h e m at i cs ) ,

a nd t h u s b ani sh t h o s e p e t t t r o u bl e s a nd v e x a
y
t i o ns w h i ch m o s t p e o pl e e xp e r i e nce a nd w h i ch ,

u nl e ss t h e m i nd b e o t h e r w i s e o ccu p i e d w ill —

”
p e rs i s t in i nv ad i ng th e h o u rs o f ni gh t . A nd
t h i s r e m e d y as h e sh o w s s e r ve s a h i gh e r p u rp o s e
,
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

s t i ll I n a p aragraph w h i ch d e s e r ve s q u o t i ng
. at

l e ng t h as it g i v e s u s a m o m e nta r y gl i mps e
, of

h i s r e fi ne d and b e a u t i fu l ch a racte r h e s ays ,

P e rh aps v ent u re fo a m o m ent to u se a m o re s eri o us

I m ay r

t o ne and to p o i nt o u t th at th ere ar e m ental tr o ubl e s mu ch

, ,

w o rs e th an m ere wo rry fo r whi ch an abs o rbi ng o bj ect o f

,

th o ught m ay s e rv e as a re m edy Th er e a e s cepti cal th o ughts

r ,

whi ch s ee m fo r th e m o m ent to upr o o t th e fi r m est faith th ere

a e bl asph e m o us th o ughts w hi ch d art u nbidd e n i nt o th e m o st
r ,

r ev er ent s o uls th e re ar e u nh oly th o ughts whi ch t o rtur e with

: ,

th eir h at e ful pre s ence th e fancy th at wo uld fain b e pure .

A gainst all th e s e s o m e r eal m ent al wo rk is a m o st h elpful ally .

That u ncl ean spirit o f th e p arabl e wh o bro ught b ack with

“ ”
,

him s ev en o th e rs m o re wi ck e d th an hims elf o nly did so ,

b ecaus e h e fo u nd th e cham be r s wept and garnish ed and its ,

”

o w ne r sitti ng with fo ld e d h ands H ad h e fo u nd it all ali ve

.

w ith th e busy hum o f acti ve wor k th ere wo uld h ave b een

“
,

s cant wel co m e fo r him and his s ev en

I t w o u ld h av e r o bb e d th e b o o k o f i t s t r u e
ch a r ac t e r i f L e w i s C a rr o l l h ad a t t e mp t e d t o
i mpro v e o n t h e w o rk d o ne in h i s h e a d and ,

co ns e q u e nt l w e h a v e t h e s o l u t i o ns e x ac t l a s h e
y y
w o rk e d t h e m o u t b e fo r e s e t t i ng t h e m d o w n o n
p ap e r Of th e P r o bl e ms t h e ms e l ve s t h e r e i s no t
.

m u ch to b e s a i d h e r e ; t h e y ar e o r i g i nal and ,

so me o f t hem N o 5 2 ) e xpr e ss e d in a s t yl e
.

p e cu l i arl y th e au t h o r s o w n Th e s u bj e ct s in
’
.

cl u d e d in t h e i r ra ng e ar e A r i t hm e t i c A lg e br a , ,
3 24 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

in th e p o s iti o n o f p o liti cs ! Th e n I got fro m C o o k Wils o n , ,

wh at I h av e b ee n so l o ng tryi ng fo r an acce pt e d trans cript o f

—

th e fall aci o us argum e nt o v e r w hi ch we h av e h ad an (app ar e ntly )

endl e ss fight I thi nk t h e end is near now
.
, .

F eb 4 th . Th e id ea o ccurr ed to m e th at it might b e a
—
.

pl eas ant v ari at io n in B ackgamm o n to thr ow th r ee di ce and ,

ch o o s e any two o f t h e thr ee numb e rs Th e av e rage qu ality .

o f th e throw s w o uld b e mu ch r ais ed I reck on th at th e .

ch ance o f 6 6 w o uld b e ab o ut t wo and a h alf wh at it no w

,

is. I t wo uld als o fur nish a m eans simil ar to givi ng p o i nts in

,

billi ards for equ alisi ng pl ay e rs th e weak er m ight u se three

, :

di ce th e o th er usi ng two I think o f calli ng it Th ir d ie

, .
“

B ackgamm o n
”

A D is
.

Ma r ch 3 1 st —H av e j ust go t pri nt ed as a l eafl e t “

'

.
, ,

p u ted P o i nt in L o gi c th e p o i nt Pr o fe ss o r Wils o n and I

—

h ave b een argui ng so l o ng This pap e r is wh o lly in h is o wn

.

wo rds and p u ts th e p o i nt ve ry cl early

, I thi nk o f submitti ng
.

it to all my l o gi cal fri ends .

A D i sp u t e d P o i nt in L o g i c a ppe a r e d a ls o
I b e l i e v e in M ind J u l y 1 8 94
, , , .

Th i s s e e m s a fi t t i ng pl a ce in w h i ch to sp ea k o f
’
a s i d e o f M r D o dgs o n s ch ar act e r o f w h i ch h e
.

h i ms e l f w as nat u rall y v e r y re t i ce n t —h i s w o nd e r
fu l g e ne r o s i t y My o w n e xp e r i e nce o f h i m w as o f
.

a m an w h o w as al w ays r ead y to do o ne a k i nd
n ess e v e n t h o u gh it p u t h i m to gr e a t e xp e n s e
,

a nd i nco nv e ni e nce ; b u t o f co u rs e I d i d no t
k no w d u r i ng h i s l i fe ti m e t h at m y e xp e r i e nce o f
, ,

h i m w as t h e s am e as t h a t o f all h i s o t h e r fr i e nds .
 L E WI S CA RROL L 325

Th e i nco m e fr o m h i s b o o k s and o t h e r s o u rce s ,

w h i ch m i gh t h a v e b e e n sp e nt in a l i fe o f l u x u r y

a nd s e l fi s h ne s s h e d i s t r i b u t e d l av i shl w h e r e h e
, y
s aw it w as ne e d e d a nd in o rd e r t o d o
, th is h e
al w a s l i v e d in t h e m o s t s i mpl e w a
y y T o m a k e.

s t h e G o ld e n R u l e o f h i s l i fe
o t h e rs h ap
py w a .

O n A u g u s t 3 t st h e w r o t e in a l e t t e r to a fr i e nd
, ,

M i ss M a r y B r o w n A nd no w w h a t am I to t e ll
“

y o u a b o u t m s el f ?
y T o s a
y I a m q u i t e w e ll g o e s ‘

w i t h o u t s ayi ng w i t h m e I n fact m y l i fe i s s o
'

.
,

s t r a ng e l y fr e e fr o m all t r i al a nd t r o u bl e t h a t I
ca nno t d o u b t m y o w n h app i ne s s i s o ne o f t h e

t al e nt s e nt r u s t e d to m e t o o ccu p y w i t h t i ll th e
‘ ’

M a s te r sh all r e t u r n b y d o i ng s o m e t h i ng to m ak e
,

”
o t h e r l i v e s h app y .

I n s e v e ra l i ns t a nce s w h e r e fr i e nd s in nee d y
,

ci r cu m s t a nce s h av e w r i t t e n to h i m fo r l o a ns o f
m o ney h e h as ans w e r e d t h e m
,
I w i ll no t lend
,
“
,

b u t I w i ll give yo u t h e £ 1 0 0 yo u a sk fo r To .

h elp ch i ld fr i e nd s w h o w a nt e d t o go o n t h e s t ag e
-
,

o r t o t a k e u p m u s i c as a pr o fe s s i o n h e h as i nt r o ,

d u ce d t h e m to l e ad i ng a ct o r s a nd act r e ss e s pa i d ,

fo r t h e m h av i ng l e ss o ns in s i ng i ng fr o m t h e b e s t
m a s t e rs s e nt r o u nd ci rcu l a rs to h i s nu m e ro u s
,

a cq u a i nt a nce s b e gg i ng t h e m t o p a t r o ni s e t h e fi rs t

co nce r t o r r e ci t a l .
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

I n w r i t i ng h is b o o ks h e ne v e r a tte mp t e d t o
w in p o p u l a r i t y b y a cce d i ng t o t h e pr ej u d i ce s a nd
fr ai l ti e s o f th e age— h i s o ne o bj e ct w as to m ak e
h i s b o o ks u s e fu l a nd h e lpfu l and e nn o bl i ng .

L i k e th e gre at Ma s t e r in w h o s e s te ps h e so
,

e a r ne s t l y s t r o v e t o fo ll o w h e w e nt a b o u t d o i ng
“
,

”
go o d . A nd o ne i s gl a d t o t h i nk t h at e v e n h is
m e m o r y i s b e i ng m ad e to s e r v e th e s a m e p u rp o s e .

”
Th e “
A l i ce co t s ar e a w o r t h y s eq u e l t o h i s
g e ne r o u s l i fe .

E ve n M r D o dgs o n w i t h a ll h i s b o a s t e d
.
,

h ea l t h w as no t abs o l u t e l y pr o o f ag ai ns t d i s ea s e
, ,

fo r o n F e br u a r y 1 2 1 8 95 h e w r i t e s :
, ,

T enth d ay o f a rath er b ad attack of i nflu enz a o f th e ag u e

typ e L ast night th e feve r ro s e to a great h eight p artly caus ed
.
,

by a su ccessi o n o f fi ve visit o rs One h oweve r was o f m y o wn

s eeki ng D ean P aget to wh o m I was thankful to b e abl e to
.
, ,

—
,

t ell all I have h ad in m y mi nd fo r a y ear o r m o r e as to o u r ,

Ch ap el s ervi ce s not b ei ng as h elpful as th e y co uld b e m ad e .

Th e chi ef fault is e xtr e m e r apid ity I l o ng ago gave up th e

.

att e mpt to say th e C o nfe ssi o n at th at p ace ; and no w I say it ,

and th e L o rd s Pr ay e r cl o s e t o g e th e r and ne v e r h ear a w o rd

’
, ,

o f th e A bs o luti o n A ls o m any o f th e L e ss o ns ar e quit e

.

u nedifyi ng .

On J u ly 1 1 th br o t h e r o n th e
h e w ro t e to my
s u bj e ct o f a p a p e r a b o u t E t e r nal P u ni sh m e nt ,

w h i ch w as t o fo rm t h e fi rs t o f a s e r i e s o f e ss a ys

o n R e l i g i o u s D i ffi cu l t i e s
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE R S OF

fri end s u gg est e d my aski ng M D o dgs o n wh o was th en in r. ,

E astb o ur ne to h elp m e and I w e nt with h im to h is r o o ms

D o dgs on ; but k no wi ng fro m
, , .

I was qu it e a str ang e r to M r.

h ears ay h o w r elu ctant h e u su ally was to pr each I ap o l ogis e d ,

and e xpl ai ne d my p o siti o n w ith Su nd ay so near at h and

—
.

A ft e r a m o m ent s h e sit ati o n h e co ns ent e d and in a m o st

’
,

g eni al m anner m ad e m e feel quit e at eas e as to th e abrupt

ne ss o f my p etiti o n On th e m o rr o w h e cam e o v e r to my
.

Vi carag e and m ade fri e nds with my d aught ers t eachi ng th e m

, ,

s o m e new m anne r o f pl ayi ng cro qu et [pr o b ably Castl e Cro qu et ] ,

a nd w riti ng o u t fo r th e m puzzl e s and a nagr ams th at h e h ad

co mp o s e d .

Th e fo ll o wi ng l e tt er was fo rw ard e d o n th e Saturd ay

7, L U SH I N G TON R OA D E A STB O UR N E ,

Septem ber 2 6, 1 8 95
DE
.

R M R H o p L E v I th ink yo u will e xcus e th e lib erty

A .
,
—

I am t aki ng in aski ng yo u to giv e m e s o m e fo o d aft e r th e

s ervi ce o n Su nd ay so th at I m ay h av e no need to cat ch th e
,

trai n but can w alk b ack at l eisur e This will s av e m e fro m

,
.

th e wo rry o f tryi ng to co nclud e at an e x act mi nut e and ,

y o u p
,
e rh aps fr o m th e tr o ubl e o f fi ndi ng sh o rt hym ns t o s av e
, ,

tim e I t will no t I h o p e caus e y o ur co o k any tro ubl e as

.
, , ,

my regul ar rul e h e re is cold di nne r o n Su ndays This no t .

fro m any Sabb at ari an th eo ry but fro m th e wish to let o u r

“
,

e mployes h ave th e d ay w h oll th ir disp s l

'

y a t e o wn o a .

I b eg M iss H o p ley s accept ance o f th e encl o s ed p ap e rs

“ ’

[ puzzl e s and di agr am s ]

B eli e v e m e v ery truly y o urs

C L D ODG SON
, ,

. . .

On S n u d ay grand o ld chur ch was cr owd ed and

ou r , ,

alth o ugh o u r vill ag e rs a e m o stly agr i cultur al l ab o u r e rs

r yet ,

th ey br eathl e ssly list e ned to a s erm o n fo rty mi nut e s l o ng and ,

 LE WI S CA RROL L 329

app arently t o o k in e v ery wo rd o f it I t was quit e ext emp o re .

,

in v ery simpl e w o rds and illustr at ed by s o m e d e lightful and

,

m o st t o u chi ng st o ri e s o f childr en I o nly w ish th e re h ad b ee n .

a sh o rth and wr it e r th e r e
—
.

I n th e v e stry aft e r s e rvi ce whil e h e was sig ni ng h is nam e ,

in th e Pr each ers B o o k a chur ch o ffi cer h and e d h im a bit o f

’

M D o dgs o n w o uld yo v ery k indly writ e y o ur

,

p ap e r.
“
r. , u

nam e o n th at ? Si ! dr awi ng hims e lf up st e r nly

” “ ”
Si — “
r r,

I ne v e r d o th at fo r any o ne and th en m o r e ki ndly Yo -

, ,
“
u

see if I d id it fo o ne I must d o it fo all

”
r r .
, ,

’
An m u s i ng i nci d e nt in M r D o dgs o n s l i fe is
a .

co nne c t e d w i t h t h e w e ll —k no w n dra m a Tw o ,
“

L i t t l e V agab o nds I g i v e th e s to r y as h e w ro t e.

it in h i s D i a r y

N ov 8 ik Ma tine e
Pr ince ss s o f Two L ittl e th e
’ “
’

. z —
at

V agab o nds a v ery s ens ati onal m el o dram a capit ally act ed
D ick and Wally were pl ayed by Kat e Tyndall and
.
, ,
” “ ”

Syd ne y Fairbr o th e r wh o m I gu e ss to b e ab o ut fift e en and

,

tw elve B o th w er e ex ce ll ent and th e l att er r e m ark abl e fo

.
,
r

th e p e rfect r ealism o f h er acti ng Th e r e was s o m e b eautiful .

r eligi o us di al o gu e b e tw een Wally and a h o sp ital nurs e “

m o st rev erently sp o k en and rev ere ntly receiv ed by th e ,

audi ence .

D ec 1 7th
. I h av e giv en b o o ks to K at e Ty nd all and
.
—

Syd ney Fairbr o th e r and h av e h eard fr o m th e m and fi nd I

, ,

was entir ely mist ak e n in t aki ng th e m fo childr e n B o th a e r . r

m arried w o m en I

Th e fo ll o w i ng i s an e x t ract fr o m a l e t t e r
w r i t t e n in 1 8 96 t o o ne o f h is s i s t e r s in all u s i o n
,
 THE LI FE AN D LE T TE RS OF

to a d ea t h w h i ch h ad r e ce nt l y o ccu rr e d in th e

fa m i l y :

I t is getti ng incr easi ngly di ffi cult now to rem e mb er w h ich

o f o ne s fri ends r e m ai n aliv e and wh ich h av e g o ne i nt o th e
’
,

l and o f th e grea t d epart ed int o th e s il ent l and A ls o su ch

, .
”
,

news co m e s l e ss and l e ss as a sh o ck and m o r e and m o r e o ne ,

realis es that it is an exp e rience each o f u s h as to face b efo re

l ong Th at fact is g ett ing less dreamlik e to m e now and I
.
,

s o m etim e s thi nk wh at a grand thi ng it will b e to b e abl e to say

t o o ne s elf ,D eath is over now th e re is not th at experience
“

to b e face d ag ai n .

I am b eginni ng t o thi nk th at if th e books I am still h o pi ng ,

to w rit e ar e to b e d o ne a t a ll th e y m u st b e d o ne now and , ,

that I am m ea nt thus to u tilis e th e spl endid h ealth I h ave h ad ,

u nbro k en fo r th e l ast y ear and a h alf and th e w o rki ng p o wers

, ,

that a e fully as gr eat as if no t gr eat er th an I h av e eve r h ad

r , , .

I br o u ght with m e h er e [ this l ett er was wr itten fr o m E ast

b o urne] th e M S su ch as it is (v e ry fragm ent ary and u n
.
,

ar r ang e d ) fo th e b o o k ab o ut r e ligi o us diffi culti e s and I m eant

r , ,

wh en I cam e h ere to d ev o t e mys elf to th at but I h ave ch anged

, ,

my pl an I t s eem s to m e th at th a t subj ect is o ne th at

.

hu ndreds o f livi ng m en co uld d o if th ey wo uld o nly tr y m u ch , ,

b ett er th an I co uld wh ereas th e re is no livi ng m an wh o co uld

,

( o r at an y r at e w h o w ou ld t ak e th e tr o ubl e to ) arr ang e and

fi nish and publish th e s eco nd part o f th e L o gi c A ls o I “

.
”
,

h a ve th e L o gi c b o o k in my h ead ; it w ill o nly need thr ee o r

fo ur m o nths to writ e o u t and I h av e not go t th e o th er b o ok
,

in m y h ead and it m ight t ak e y ears to thi nk o u t So I h av e

d ecid ed to get P art ii fi nish ed fi r st and I am wo r kingat it
.
,

.
,

day and night I h av e tak en to early risi ng and s o m e tim e s sit

. ,

d o wn to my wo rk b efo r e s ev en and h av e o ne and a h alf h ou rs ,

at it b e fo r e br eakfast Th e b o o k will b e a gr eat no v elty and

. ,

will h elp I fully b eli eve to m ak e th e study o f L ogi c f a r easi er

, ,
33 2 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OL L

I n h is m e o f L o g i c L e w i s C arr o ll i nt r o
G a

d u ce d a n o r i g i nal m e t h o d o f w o rk i ng l o g i ca l
pr o bl e ms b y m eans o f d i agra ms t h i s m e t h o d h e
s u p e rs e d e d in a ft e r ye a rs fo r a m u ch s i mpl e r o ne ,

th e m e t h o d o f S u b scr i p t s “
.

In
“
S ymb o l i c L o g i c P ar t i (L o nd o n : , .

M acm i ll a n 1 8 96) b e e mpl o ye d b o t h m e t h o d s

, .

Th e I nt r o d u ct i o n i s sp e cia ll y a ddr e ss e d to
“

L e ar ne rs w h o m L e w i s C a rro ll ad v i s e s to r ead
,

t h e b o o k s t ra i gh t t hr o u gh w i t h o u t d ipp i ng , .

This R ul e [h e s ays ] is v e ry d e sirabl e with o th e r ki nds o f

b oo ks — su ch as no ve ls fo r i nst ance wh er e yo u m ay e asily
, ,

sp o il mu ch o f th e enj o ym e nt you w o uld o th e rwis e get fro m th e

st o ry by dippi ng i nt o it furth e r o n so th at wh at th e auth o r ,

m eant to b e a pl ea sant surpris e co m e s to yo u as a m atte r o f

co urs e. So m e p eo pl e I k no w m ak e a pr acti ce o f l o o k ing i nt o
, ,

vo l iii first j ust to see h o w th e st o ry e nds

. .
, and p e rh aps it is

as we ll j ust to k no w th at all e nds h appily th at th e mu ch —

p ers ecut e d l o ve rs d o m arry aft e r all th at h e is pro v e d to b e ,

quit e i nnocent o f th e murd er th at th e wi ck e d co usi n is co m ,

ple tely fo il e d in his pl o t and g e ts th e pu nishm ent h e d e s e rve s

, ,

and th at th e ri ch u ncl e in I ndi a (Q u Wh y in I ndia P A ns . .

B ecaus e s o m eh o w u ncl e s nev er ca n get ri ch anywh e r e els e)

, ,

di e s at e x actly th e right m o m ent b e fo re t aki ng th e tr o ubl e to —

read vo l i This I say is j u st p e rmissibl e with a novel

.
, , ,

wh er e vo l iii h as a m ea ning ev e n fo r th o s e wh o h av e no t r ead

th e earli e r p art o f th e st o ry ; but with a scientifi c b o o k it
. .
,

is sh eer i nsanity Y o u will fi nd th e l att e r p art h opelessly

.

u nint e ll igibl e if yo r ead it b e fo re reachi ng it in re gul ar

,
u

co urs e.
 C H APT E R IX

Lo gi c l ecture s — I rreverent anecd o t e s T o l erance o f h is relig io us

- —

vi e ws A m ath e m ati cal dis co v ery Th e L ittl e M i niste r

— — “ ”

— Sir G e o rg e B ad en P o we ll — L ast ill ne ss —

-
Thy will b e “

d o ne Wo nd erl and at l ast l L ett e rs fr o m fri e nds

“ ” —

Thr ee Su ns ets Of su ch is th e ki ngd o m o f H eave n

“
.

HE ye ar 1 8 97 , t h e a t co
l s
mpl e t e yea r w h i ch
h e w as d e s t i ne d t o sp e nd b eg a n fo r M r , .

D o dgs o n at G u i ldfo rd On janu a r y 3 r d.

h e pr e ach e d in t h e m o r ni ng at th e b eau t i fu l o ld
M a r y s th e ch u r ch w h i ch h e al w a ys
’
ch u r ch o f S .
,

a t t e nd e d w h e n h e w as s t a i ng w i t h h i s s i s t e rs a t
y
th e Ch e s t nu t s .

O n t h e sth h e b eg a n a co u r se o f L o gi c
L e ct u re s at A bb o t s H o sp i t al Th e Re v
’
. .

K i ngs t o n l at e cu ra t e o f H o l y T r i ni ty and
,

S M ar y s P a r i s h e s G u i ldfo rd h a d r e q u e s t e d
.
’

, ,

h i m t o d o t h i s and h e h ad g i ve n h i s pro m i s e
,

i f as m an y as s i x p eo pl e co u ld b e go t t o g e t h e r to
 L E W I S CA RROLL .

Fr m
( o
'

a pho togr aph )

.
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE R S OF

D i ne d w i t h M r s G (S h e h ad no t s e n t a n
.

i nv i t a ti o n o nl y info r fnat io n
—

H is s ys t e m o f s ymb o l i c l o g i c e na bl e d h i m t o
w o rk o u t t h e m o s t co mpl e x pr o bl e ms w i t h a bs o l u t e

ce r t a i nt y in a s u rpr i s i ngl y sh o r t t i m e T hu s h e .

w r o t e o n t h e 1 5 th : M ad e a spl e nd i d l o g i c
pr o bl e m ab o u t gre at grands o ns (m o d e ll e d o n
,
-

o ne b
y D e M o rg a n
) M y m e t h o d o f
. so l u t i o n i s

q u i te ne w and I gr e at l y d o u b t i f a ny o ne w i ll s o l v e
,

”
t h e Pr o bl e m I h av e s e nt it t o C o o k W i ls o n
. .

O n M a r ch 7th h e pr e a ch e d in t h e U ni v e r s i t y
Ch u r ch t h e fi rs t o cca s i o n o n w h i ch h e h ad d o ne
,

so

Th ere is no w [h e writ e s] a syst e m e stablish e d o f a co urs e o f

si s e rm o ns at S Mary s each y e ar fo r U niv ersity m en o nl
’
x .
y, ,

and sp eci ally m eant fo u nd e rgr adu at e s Th ey a e preach ed

r . r ,

preced e d by a few pray e rs and a hym n at h alf past e ight This ,

-
.

e v e ni ng e nd e d th e co urs e fo this t e rm : and it was my great

r

privil eg e to preach I t h as b een th e m o st fo r m id abl e s e rm o n

.

I h av e e ve r h ad to pr each and it is a gr ea t r eli ef to h av e it

,

o v er I t o ok as t e xt Jo b xxviii A nd u nt o m an h e s aid “
.
,
8
, . 2 , ,

Th e fear o f th e L o rd th at is wisd o m ,
and th e pr ay e r in th e —

L it any Giv e us an h eart to l o ve and dread th ee I t l ast ed ”

.

three qu art ers o f an h o ur

-
.

O ne can i m ag i ne h ow h e w ou l d
h av e t re a t e d
t h e s u bj e c t Th e v i e w s w h i ch h e h e ld o n t h e
'

s u bj e ct o f r e v e r e nce w e r e so at l e a s t it app ea rs ,
 L E WI S CARROL L 3 37

to me s o m e w h a t e x agg e r at ed ; t h ey ar e w ell
,

e xpr e s s e d in a l e t t e r w h i ch h e w r o t e t o a fr i e nd

of h i s d u r i ng th e ye ar and w h i ch r u n s a s
. ,

fOllO W S ’

DE AR A ft e r ch ang ing my mi nd s ev e ral tim e s I h av e

—
,

at l ast d ecid ed t o v entur e to ask a fav ou r o f yo u and to trust ,

that yo u will no t misi nt erpret my m o tiv es in d o i ng so .

Th e fav o ur I wo uld ask is th at you will no t t ell m e any

,

m or e st o ri es su ch as yo u d id o n Frid ay o f rem arks whi ch

, ,

childr en a e s aid t o h av e m ad e o n v ery s acr e d s u bj ects

r

re m arks whi ch m o st p eo pl e would r ecog nis e as irreverent if ,

m ad e by gr ow n up people but whi ch a e assum ed to b e

-
,
r

i nnocent wh en m ad e by children wh o ar e u nco ns ci ou s of any

irreverence th e strange co nclusi o n b ei ng drawn th at th ey a e
,
r

th erefo re i nno cent wh en r epea ted by a gro w n u p p ers o n -

.

Th e m isi nt erpr et ati o n I wo uld gu ard ag ai nst is y o ur sup ,

p o si ng that I regard su ch rep etiti o n as always wr ong in any

gro wn u p p ers on L et m e assur e yo u th at I d o not so r egard
-
.

it I am al ways willi ng to b eli ev e th at th o s e wh o re p eat su ch

.

st o ri e s d iffer wh olly fro m mys elf in th eir vi e ws o f what is and ,

wh at is no t fitti ng tr eatm ent o f s acre d thi ngs and I fully

, ,

reco gnis e th at wh at wou ld cert ai nl y be wro ng in m e is no t ,

nece ss arily so in th em .

So I simpl y ask it as a p ers o nal fav o ur to mys elf Th e .

h eari ng o f th at anecd o t e gave m e so mu ch p ai n and sp o il ed so ,

mu ch th e pl easur e o f my ti ny di nner part y that I feel sure yo u -

,

will ki ndly spare m e su ch in futur e .

One furth e r r e m ark Th ere a e qu antiti e s o f su ch anecd o t e s

. r

g o i ng ab o ut I d o n t in th e l east b eli eve that 5 pe cent o f

.
’
r .

th e m were ev e r s aid by ch ild r en I feel sure th at m o st o f th e m

.

a e co nco ct e d b y p eo pl e w h o wish to bri ng s acr e d sub j ects i nt o

r

ridi cul e— s o m etim es by p eo pl e wh o wish to u nd ermi ne th e b eli ef

2
3
 THE L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

th at o th e rs have in r el igio us truths for th ere is no surer way

o f m aki ng o ne s b eli e fs u nr ea l th an by l ear ni ng to a ss oci at e
’

th em with ludi cro us id eas .

Fo rgive th e fr eed o m with which I h av e said all this .

Si ncer el y y o urs
C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

Th e n t ry i n
e th e D i ar y fo r A pr i l 1 1 th
(S u nda
y)
i s i nte r e s t i ng
Went ight een mil e r o u nd by B esilsleigh Fr o m my
my e -
.

ro o ms b ack to th e m agai n t o o k m e fi ve h ou rs and t wenty s ev en

,
-

mi nute s H ad high tea at t we nty mi nut e s past s ev en This

. .

e nt ails o nly l eavi ng a pl at e o f co ld m eat and giv e s mu ch l e ss ,

tro ubl e than h o t di nner at six

D i nner at six h as been my rul e si nce January 3 5 t wh en it
.

1 ,

b egan— I th en aband o ne d th e s ev en o cl o ck Su nd ay di nner o f ’

,

whi ch I entir ely dis appr o v e I t h as pr ev ent e d fo r two t e rms

.
, ,

th e C o ll e g e Servants Se rvi ce
’
.

On May 1 2 th h e w r o te

A s th e Pri nce o f Wal e s co m e s this aft ernoo n to Op en th e

To w n H all I went r o u nd to th e D eane ry to i nvit e th e m to
,

co m e thr o ugh my o o ms u p o n th e r o o f t o see t h e pr o ce ssi o n

r ,

arr iv e A p art y o f ab ou t tw enty we r e o n my r o o f in th e

i ncludi ng Mr s Mo b erly M s D riv er and M s
.

aft er no o n ,
.
,
r .
,
r .

B ay ne s and m o st if no t all o f th e childr en in Christ Chur ch

D i nner in H all at eight Th e D ean h ad th e Prince o n h is
.
, , ,

right and L o rd Salisbury on his l e ft My pl ace was alm o st

H e and th e D ean wer e th e o nly
.
,

vis a vis with th e Prince

- - .

sp eak ers We did no t get o u t o f H all till nearly ten

. .

In J u ne he b o u gh t a “
W h i t el ey E x e rci s e r ,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

I am m e mb er o f th e E nglish Church and hav e t ak en

a

D eacon s Orders but d id no t think fit (for reaso ns I need not

,
’
,

go i nt o) to t ak e Pri e st s Ord e rs
’
My d ear fath er was wh at is
.

call e d a High Churchm an and I naturally ad o pt e d th o s e

“ ”
,

views b u t h av e al ways felt r ep ell e d by th e yet h igh er d ev el o p

,

m ent call ed R itu alism .

”

B u t I d o ubt if I am full y a H igh Chur chm an no w I

“
.

fi nd th at as life slips away (I am o ve r fifty no w) and th e life ,

o n th e o th e r sid e o f th e gr eat riv e r b eco m e s m o r e and m o r e

th e r eal ity o f whi ch th is is o nl y a sh ad o w th at th e p etty dis

, ,

tinctio ns o f th e m any cr ee ds o f Christ e nd o m t e nd t o sl ip away

as w ell l eavi ng o nly th e gr eat truths whi ch all Christi ans

—

b eli ev e alik e Mo r e and m o r e as I r ead o f th e Christi an

.
,

religi o n as Christ preach ed it I stand am az ed at th e fo rms

, ,

m en h av e g iv en t o it and th e fi ctiti ou s b arri e rs th e y h av e built

,

up b etw een th ems elv e s and th eir brethren I b eli e v e th at .

wh en yo u and I co m e to lie d o w n fo r th e l ast tim e if o nly we ,

ca n k e e p firm h o ld o f th e gr e at truths Christ t au ght a s— o u r

o wn u tt e r wo rthl e ss ne ss and H is i nfi nit e wo rth ; and th at H e

h as br o ught us b ack t o o u r o ne Fath e r and m ad e u s His ,

br ethren and so bre thr en to o ne ano th er we sh all have all

,
—

we nee d t o guid e u s thr o ugh th e sh ad o w s .

Mo st assure dly I accept to t h e full th e d o ctri ne s yo u r e fe r

to— th at Christ di ed to s av e us th at we h av e no o th er way o f
,

s alvati o n o p en to us but thr o ugh H is d eath and th at it is by ,

faith in H im and thr o ugh no m e rit o f o u rs th at w e a e r eco n

, ,
r

cil e d to Go d ; and m o st assur e dl y I can co rdi ally say I o we ,

all to H im w h o l o v e d m e and di e d o n th e Cr o ss o f C alvary

”
.
,

He sp e nt th e L o ng V a ca t i o n a t E a s t b o u r ne as
u s u al fr e q u e ntl w a l k i ng o v e r t o H a s t i ng s w h i ch
, y ,

i s a b o u t t w e nt y m i l e s o ff A g o o d m a ny o f h is.

m o r n i ngs w e r e sp ent in g i v i ng l e ct u r es an d t e ll i ng
sto r i e s at s ch o o l s .
 LE WI S CA RROL L 34 1

A l e t t e r t o th e w i d o w o f an o ld co ll eg e fr i e nd
r e v e als th e e x t rao rd i na r y s e ns i t i ve ne ss o f h i s
n a t u re
2, B EDFOR D WE L L R OA D , E A STB O UR N E ,

A ugu st 2, 1 8 97 .

MY DE A R M R S WOOD H OU SE Yo ur l tt r with its m ur n

.
,
— e e ,
o

ful n ws fo ll o wed m e d o w n h er e and I o nly go t it o n Satur

e , ,

d ay night so I was no t abl e to b e with yo in th o ught wh en u

th e m o rt al r e m ai ns o f my d ear o ld fri e nd w e r e b i ng co m e

m itted to th e gr o u nd to await th e tim e wh n o H eav enly e ur

Fath er sh all hav e acco mplish ed th e numb er o f H is el e t and c ,

w h en yo u and I sh all o n e m o r e m ee t th e l o v ed o ne s fr o m
c

wh o m w e a e fo a littl e whil e o nly — wh at a littl e w hil e e v e n

r ,
r

a l o ng hum an l ife l asts part ed in s o rr o w yet not s o rr o wi ng

—
,

as th o s e w ith o u t h o p e .

Y o will b e sur e with o ut wo rds o f mi ne th at yo

u h ave my ,
u

tru e and d eep symp athy Of all th e fri ends I m ad e at Ch

C h y ur husb and was th e v e ry fi t wh o sp o k e to m e acr o ss
. .

rs —
.
, o

t h e di nner t abl e in H all

-
Th at i fo rty six y ars ag but I
. s
—
e o,

r em e mb e r as if it w er nly y st e rd ay th e ki ndly smil e with

,
e o e ,

whi ch h e sp o k e .

S e p t e mb e r 2 7th a nd 2 8t h ar e m ark e d in his

D i a ry w i t h “
a w h i te s t o ne

Sept . 2 7th
— Di es v er ed rul e for dividi ng a
nota nd u s . D is co

numb e r by 9 by m e r e additi o n and subtr acti o n

, I felt sur e .

th er e must b e an anal og o us o ne for 1 1 and fo u nd it and , ,

pr ove d first rul e by algebra aft er wo rki ng ab out ni ne

h o urs I
,

Sept 2 8 th . D ies cr eta nota nd u s I have actually super

—
"
.

sed ed th e rul e s dis co ve r e d y est e rd ay ! My new rul e s r equire

to as cert ai n th e 9 r e m ai nd e r and th e 1 1 r e m ai nd e r whi ch
-
,
-
,
 THE L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

th e o th e rs d id not require ; but th e ne w o ne s

mu ch th e ar e

qui ck est I sh all s end th e m to

. Th e E d u ca tio na l Tim es with ,

d at e o f dis co very .

On N o ve mb e r 4 t h h e w ro t e

C o mpl et ed a r ul e fo r dividi ng a giv en numb er by any

di vis o r th at is withi n 1 o f a p o w e r o f I O e ith e r way Th e
0 , .

i ci le o f it is no t my dis co v e ry but was s ent m e by B e rtr am

p r n p ,

C olli ngwo o d a rul e for d ividi ng by a divis o r which is withi n

—

1 0 o f a p o we r o f 1 below it 0, .

My r e a d e rs w i ll no t b e s u rpr i s e d t o l ea r n t h at
o nl e i gh t d a ys a ft e r t h i s h e h a d s u p e r s e d e d h i s
y
ru l e

v entiv e m o rnin g ! A ft er w aki ng and b e fo re I h ad

A n in ,

fi nish e d dr e ssing I h ad d evis e d a new and mu ch neat e r fo rm

in whi ch to wo rk my R ul e s fo r L o ng D ivisi o n and als o d ecid ed
,

to br ing o u t my G am es and Puzzl e s and P art iii o f ”

.
,

“
Curio sa Math e m ati ca in N u m bem in p ap e r co ve rs pag e d
,
”
, ,

co ns ecutiv e l y t o b e u ltim at e ly issu e d in b o ards

,
.

On N o v e mb e r 2 o th h e sp e nt th e day in
L o nd o n w i t h th e o bj ect o f s e e i ng Th e L i t t l e
,
“

”
M i ni s t e r at th e H aym a rk e t A b e au t i fu l .

pl ay b e au t i fu ll y a ct e d h e ca ll s i t a nd s ays
, , ,

”
t h a t h e sh o u l d l i k e t o see i t aga i n and aga i n “
.

H e e sp e cia ll y a dm i r e d th e a ct i ng o f M rs C yr i l .

M au d e (M i ss W i ni fr e d E m e ry) as L ad y B a b b i e .
 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

t o ca ll w h e n t h e i sl a nd fo l k w o u ld e x ch a ng e t h e i r
,
-

ca t t l e fo r cl o t h co r n t ea
,
& c w h i ch t h e y co u ld
, , .
,

no t pr o d u ce t h e ms e l ve s Th e i sl and i s v o l ca ni c
.

in o r i g i n a nd i s e xp o s e d t o th e m o s t t e rr i fi c g a l e s
,

t h e b u i ld i ng u s e d a s a ch u r ch s t o o d at s o m e d i s
’
t a nce fr o m M r D o dgs o n s d w e ll i ng a nd o n o ne
.
,

o cca s i o n t h e w i nd w as s o s t r o ng t h at h e h ad t o

craw l o n h i s h a nds a nd k nee s fo r t h e w h o l e d i s

t ance t h at s e p a ra t ed th e t w o b u i ld i ngs .

My first i ntro du cti on [w rit e s Sir G eo rge B ad en P owell ] to -

th e auth o r o f Throu gh th e L o o ki ng Gl ass was ab o ut th e

“ ”
-

y ear 1 8 7 o r 1 8 71 and u nd e r appr o pri at e co nditi o ns ! I

0 ,

was th en co achi ng at Oxfo rd with th e well k no wn R ev E H at ch -

. .
,

and was o n fiiend ly t e rms with h is bright and pr e tty childr en

'

E nt e ri ng h is h o us e o ne d ay and faci ng th e di ni ng r o o m I
,
-
,

h eard myst er i o us no is es u nd e r th e tabl e and saw th e cl o th ,

m ove as if s o m e o ne w e re hidi ng Children s l egs re veal e d it .

’

as no burgl ar and th e r e was no th ing fo r it but to cr awl up o n

,

th em ro ari ng as a li on B ursti ng in u p on th e m in th eir stro ng

,
.

h o ld u nd er th e tabl e I was m et by th e staid but amus ed gaze

,

o f a r ev e r end g e ntl e m an Frequ ently aft erwards did I see and

.

h ear L ewis C arro ll entertai ni ng th e y o u ngst ers in h is

”

i nimitabl e way .

We b ecam e friends and gr eatly did I enj o y i nt e rcou rs e with

,

h im o v e r v ari o us mi no r Oxfo rd m att ers I n l at er y ears at o ne .

,

tim e I saw m u ch o f h im in q u it e ano th er r é le nam ely th at

,
'
—

o f ard e nt sym thy w ith th h th ught ill tr t d and

pa e as e o ea e - -
, ,

d e s ert ed isl and ers o f Trist an d A cu nh a H is br o th er it will

’
.
,

b e r em e mb e r ed h ad vo l u nt aril y b een l e ft at th at isl and with a

,

vi ew to mi nist eri ng to th spiritu al and e du cati o nal needs o f

e

th e fe w s e ttl e rs and s e nt h o m e su ch graphi c acco u nts and

,
 L E I VI S CA RROL L
u rg ent d e m ands fo r aid th at L ewis C arr oll sp ared no p ai ns
,

to o rg anis e assist ance and r eli e f A t his inst ance I br o ught

.

th e m att e r b e fo r e G o ve r nm ent and th e H o us e o f C o mm o ns ,

and fr o m th at d ay to this fr e q u ent co mm u ni cati o n h as b een

h eld with th e isl and e rs and m at erial assistance h as b een

,

rend er ed th e m th anks to th e warm h eart o f L ewis C arro ll

— .
”

On D e ce mb e r 2 3 1 8 97 a s th e no t e in h i s
, ,

D i ar y s ta t e s h e w e nt d o w n in acco rd ance w i t h
, ,

h i s u s u al cu s t o m t o G u i ldfo rd t o sp e nd Chr i s t
, ,

m as w i t h h i s s i s t e rs at t h e Ch e s t nu t s H e s e e m e d .

t o b e i n h i s o rd i na r y h e al t h a nd in t h e b e s t o f
,

sp i r i t s and t h e r e w as no t h i ng t o sh o w t h a t th e
,

e nd w as s o ne a r .

A t G u i ldfo rd h e w as h ard at w o rk u p o n th e
s eco nd p a r t o f h i s S ymb o l i c L o g i c sp e nd i ng
“
,
”

m o s t o f th e day o v e r t h i s t ask Th i s b o o k a l a s .
,

h e w as no t d e s t i ne d t o fi ni sh w h i ch i s t h e m o r e ,

t o b e r e gr e t t e d a s it w i ll b e e x ce e d i ngl y d i ffi cu l t

fo r any o ne e ls e t o t a k e u p th e t hr e a d o f t h e
a rg u m e n t e v e n i f a n o ne co u ld b e fo u nd w i ll i ng
, y
t o g i v e t h e gr e at a m o u nt o f t i m e a nd t r o u bl e

w h i ch w o u ld b e nee d e d .

On J a nu a r y st h m y fa t h er t h e R e v C S
.
, . . .

C o ll i ng w o o d R e ct o r o f S o u t h w i ck near S u nd e r
, ,

l and d i e d a ft e r a v e r y sh o r t i ll ne ss
, Th e .

te l e gr a m w h i ch br o u gh t M r D o dgs o n t h e ne w s
~

.
 THE L I FE A N D LE T TE RS OF

no m o r e . Th e e nd ca m e a b o u t h al f p as t t w o o n -

th e a ft e r no o n o f t h e 1 4 th One o f h i s s i s t e rs w as
.

in th e r o o m a t t h e t i m e a nd sh e o nl y no t i ce d t h a t
,

t h e h a rd br e a t h i ng s u dd e nl y ce a s e d Th e nu rs e .
,

w h o m sh e su mm o ne d at firs t h o p e d t h at t h i s
,

w as a s i g n t h a t h e h ad ta k e n a t u r n fo r t h e
b e t te r A nd so i nd ee d h e h ad h e h ad p ass e d
.
, ,
—

fro m a w o rld o f i nco mpl e te n e ss an d d i s a pp o i nt

m e nt to a no t h e r w h e r e G o d i s p u t t i ng h i s
,

b eau ti fu l s o u l to no bl e r and gra nd e r w o rk t h an

w as p o ss i bl e fo r h i m h e r e w h e r e h e i s l ea r ni ng
,

to co mpr e h e nd t h o s e di ffi cu l t i e s w h i ch u s e d t o

p u z z l e h i m s o m u ch and w h e r e t h a t i nfi ni t e L o v e
, ,

w h i ch h e m i rr o r e d so w o n d e rfu ll y in h i s o w n l i fe ,

”
i s b e i ng r e v eal e d t o h i m face to face “
.

I n a cco rd a nce w i t h h i s e xpr e s s e d w i sh th e ,

fu ne ral w as s i mpl e in th e e x t re m e fl o w e r s and —

,

fl o w e rs o nl y ad o r ne d t h e pl ai n co ffi n
, Th e r e .

w as no h e a rs e t o dr ag it u p th e s t ee p i ncl i ne t h a t

l eads t o th e b eau t i fu l ce m e t e r y w h e r e h e l i e s .

Th e s e r v i ce w as ta k e n b y D ea n P ag e t and C a no n
G ran t R e ct o r o f H o l y Tr i ni t y and S M ary s
, .
’
,

G u i ldfo rd Th e m o u rne rs w h o fo ll o w e d h i m in
.

t h e q u i e t pr o ce ss i o n w e r e fe w b u t t h e m o u r ne rs
—

w h o w e r e no t t h e r e a nd m a ny o f w h o m h ad
,

ne ve r s ee n h i m — w h o sh a ll t e ll th e ir n u mb e r ?
 L E WI S CA RR OL L 349

A ft e r t h e gr a v e h ad b e en fill ed u p th e w r e at h s ,

w h i ch h ad co v e r e d t h e co ffi n w e r e pl ace d u p o n i t .

M any w e r e fr o m ch i ld fr i e nds and b o re s u ch

“ -

i n s cr i p t i o ns a s F r o m t w o o f h i s ch i ld fr i e nds
“ -

—“
To th e s w ee te s t s o u l t h at e v e r l o o k e d w i t h
”
h u m an e ye s & c Th e n t h e m o u r ne rs l e ft h i m
, .

al o ne t h e r e u p o n t h e pl eas ant d o w ns w h e r e
—

h e h ad s o o fte n w al k e d .

A m arbl e cro s s u nd e r t h e sh ad o w o f a p i ne
, ,

m arks th e sp o t and b e ne a t h h i s o w n na m e t h ey
, ,

h av e e ngrav e d th e nam e o f L e w i s Carr o ll t h a t ,

t h e ch i ldr e n w h o p a ss b y m ay r e m e mb e r t h e i r

fr i e n d w h o i s no w h i ms e l f a ch i ld in a ll t h at
,
—

m ak e s ch i ldh o o d m o s t a t t ract i v e in t h a t W o n —

”
d e rl and w h i ch o u t s t r i ps all o u r dr eams and .

h o p es
’
I ca nno t fo rb ea r q u o t i ng fr o m P r o fe s s o r S u nd a y s
s e rm o n at Ch r i s t Ch u r ch o n th e S u nd ay a ft e r
h i s d ea t h
Th e w o rld will thi nk o f L ewis C arro ll as o ne wh o o pened ou t
a ne w v e i n in lit e ratur e a new and a d elightful ve i n w hi ch
, ,

add e d at o nce mirth and r efi ne m ent to life May we .

no t say th at fr o m o u r co urts at Christ Chur ch th er e h as fl o wed

i nt o th e lit erat u re o f o u tim e a rill bright and sparkli ng

r , ,

h ealth givi ng and purifyi ng wh er eve r its wat ers ext end ?
-
,

O n th e fo ll o w i ng S u nd a y D ean P ag e t in , th e
L EW I
S C A R RO L L s
’
GR VE
A .

(F r om a r
ph otog aph ) .
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTERS OF

of th e bright ening o f o r li ve s with pur e i nno cent fu n

u , .

P ers o nally I feel h is l o ss very mu ch i nd eed We wer e .

t og eth er in o ld Ch Ch d ays fr o m 8 5 o nwards ; and h e

. . 1 2

was always su ch a l o y al faithful fri end to m e , I r ej o i ce to .

thi nk o f th e ser iou s talks we h ad t o geth e r o f th e grand brave —

,

way in whi ch h e us e d th e o pp o rtu niti e s h e h ad as a m an of

hum o ur to reach th e co ns ci ence s o f a h o st of read ers — o f h is
,

l o ve fo r childr en h is s impli city o f h eart— o f his care fo r

—

s er vants h is spiritu al car e fo r th e m Wh o can d o ubt th at h e

— .

was fully pr e par e d fo r a ch ang e h o wev e r sudd e n fo r th e o ne —

cl ear call whi ch t o o k him aw ay fr o m us ? Y et th e wo rld

s ee ms dark er fo h is g o i ng ; we can o nly get b ack o u r bright
r

ne ss by r ealisi ng Wh o gav e him all h is t al e nt all h is mirth Of ,

h eart th e One wh o nev e r l eav e s us I n d eep sympathy

— .
,

Y o urs very si ncer ely ,

G E OR GE E JE L F . .

P S
. .Wh e n yo u h av e tim e t ell m e a littl e ab o ut him ; h e
—

was so d ear to m e .

Mr . Fr e d e r i c H a rr i s o n w ri t es a s fo ll o w s
Th e si onal visits th at I r eceive d fro m y o u r l ate br o th er
o cca

sh o wed m e a sid e o f h is nature whi ch to m y mi nd was m o re

int e r e sti ng and m o r e wo rthy o f r em embrance even than h is
wo nd erful and d e l ightful hum o ur I m ean h is i nt ens e sym
—

pathy with all wh o suffer and a e in need r .

H e cam e to see m e s everal tim e s o n su ndry e rrands o f

m e r cy and it h as b een a l e ss on to m e thr o ugh life to r em e mb er
,

h is z eal t o h elp o th ers in di ffi culty h is b o u ndl e ss g ene r o s ity

, ,

and h is i nexh austibl e p ati e nce with fo ll y and erro r .

My y o u ng d aught e r lik e all y o u ng p eo pl e in civilis ed

,

co u ntri e s was br o ught u p o n h is b eautiful fanci e s and

,

hum ou rs B u t for my part I r e m e mb er h im m ai nly as a s o rt

.

o f missi o nary t o all in ne ed We all alik e gri e ve and o ffer yo u

.
,

ou r h eartfelt s ymp athy I am faithfully y o urs

H A RR I SON
.
, ,

F R E D Ec .
 LE WI S CA RR OL L 353

H is o ld fr i e nd a nd t u t o r D r Pr i ce w r i t es
°

.
, ,

feel h is r em oval fr o m am ong us as th e l o ss o f an

I
o ld and d ear fri e nd and pupil to wh o m I h av e b een m o st
,

warmly att ach ed ev er si nce h e was with m e at Whitby readi ng ,

m ath e m ati cs in I thi nk 1 8 5 3 4 4 years ago A nd 4 4 y ears

, , ,
—

o f u nint e rrupt e d fri e ndship I was pl eas ed to r ead yes

.

ter day in Th e Tim es new sp ap e r th e ki ndly o bitu ary no ti ce

p erfectly j u st and tru e appreci at ive as it sh o uld b e as to th e , ,

u nusu al co mbi nati o n o f d e ep m ath em ati cal ability and t ast e

with th e g e nius th at led to th e writi ng o f A li ce s A dven “ ’

t u re s .

Only th er day [writ e s a l ady fri end ] h e wro t e to m e

th e o
ab o ut his ad m ir ati o n fo my d ear husb and and h e end e d h is
r ,

l etter thus : I trust th at wh en my tim e co m es I m ay b e

“
,

fo u nd lik e him wo rki ng to th e l ast and r eady fo th e

, , , r

Mast er s call —and truly so h e was

’
.

A fr i e nd at O xfo rd w r i t e s °

Mr . D
dgs o n was ev e r th e ki nd e st and g entl est o f fri ends
o ,

bri ng ing su nshi ne i nt o th h o us e with him \Ve sh all m o ur n

e .

his l o ss d eeply and my two girls a e quite o v erco m e with

,
r

gri e f A ll day m em o ri es o f co u ntl ess acts o f ki nd ness sh o w n

.

to m e and to p eo pl e I h av e k no w n h av e cr o wd e d my mi nd
, , ,

and I fe e l it alm o st imp o ssibl e to r ealis e th at h e h as p ass ed

b ey o nd th e reach o f o u gratitud e and affecti on

r .

Th e fo ll o w i ng ar e e x t ract s fr o m l e t t e rs w r i t t e n
by s o m e o f h i s ch i ld fr i e nds no w gr o w n u p :-
,
”

H ow b eautiful to thi nk o f th e track o f l ight and l o v e h e

h as l eft b ehi nd him and th e am o u nt o f happi ness h e br ought
,
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

in t o th e l ive s o f all th o s e h e cam e in co ntact with ! I shall

nev e r fo rg e t all h is ki nd ne ss to us fr o m th e tim e h e first m e t
,

us as littl e mit e s in th e railway trai n and o ne feels glad to ,

h av e h ad th e pri vil ege o f k no wi ng h im .

’
O ne of M r D o dgs o n s
. o ld e s t “
c h i ld fr i e n ds
-

w r i t es

H e was to m e a d ear
tr u e fri end and it h as b een my
and , .

great pri vil eg e to see a g o o d d eal o f him eve r si nce I was a

ti ny child and e sp ecially duri ng th e l ast two y ears I canno t
, .
.

t ell yo u h o w mu ch we shall miss him h ere Ch Ch with o ut

Mr D odgs on will b e a strang e pl ace and it is di ffi cult to
. . .

.
,

realis e it e v en whil e we list en to th e speci al s ol e m n anth ems

and hym ns to h is m e m o ry in ou r cath edral .

One w h o h ad v i s i t ed h i m at Gui ldf o rd , w ri t es :

It must b e quit e sixt een y ears now si nce h e first m ad e

fri ends Wi th my sist e r and mys elf as children o n th e b each at
E astb our ne and si nce th en his fri endship h as b e en and m u st
,

alw ays b e o ne O f my m o st valu e d p o ss essi o ns I t culmi nat ed .

,

I thi nk in th e summ e r o f 1 8 9
,
th e y ear w h en h e br o ught
2—

m e to sp e nd a v ery h appy Su nd ay at Guildfo rd I h ad no t .

s een h im b e fo re th at y ear fo r s o m e tim e ; and it was th en

, , ,

I thi nk th at th e childish d elight in h is ki nd ne ss and prid e in

, ,

h is fri e ndship ch ang e d i nt o high e r l o v e and r ev e r ence wh en

, ,

in o u r l o ng w alks o ve r th e d o wns I saw m o r e and m o r e i nt o

t h e gr e at t end e r ne ss and g entl e ne ss o f h is natur e .

’
Sh o r t l y a ft e r M r D o dgs o n s d e a t h h i s Th r ee
.
,
“

S u ns e t s w as p u bl i sh e d b y M e ssrs M a cm i ll a n . .

Th e t w e l v e F a i ry F anci es w h i ch i ll u s t rat e i t
“
, ,
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

i s p e rh aps o bl i t e ra t e d fo r h i m i n th e fi rs t jo y o f
p o s s e s s i ng ne w a nd h i gh e r fa cu l t i e s .

B e fo r e l e av i ng th e s u bj e ct o f t h i s b o o k I ,

sh o u ld l i k e t o dr aw a t t e nt i o n to a few l i ne s o n
’ ”
“
w o m a n s m i ss i o n l i ne s fu ll o f th e no bl e s t
,

’
ch i v a lr r e m i nd i ng o ne o f T e nn s o n s I d lls
y
, y y
”
o f t h e K i ng

I n th e d ark e st p ath o f m an s d e spair ’

,

Wh ere War and T e rr o r sh ak e th e tr o ubl ed earth ,

L ie s w o m an s missi o n w ith u nbl e nchi ng br o w

’

To p ass thr o ugh s ce ne s o f h o rr o r and affright

Wh e r e m en gro w si ck and tr e mbl e u nt o h er :

A ll thi ngs ar e s anctifi ed fo r all ar e g o o d

, .

N o thi ng so m ean but sh all d e s e rv e h er car e

,

N o thi ng so gr eat but sh e m ay b ear h er p art

, .

N o life is v ai n each h ath h is pl ace assig ned

Do th o u thy t ask and l eav e th e r e st to Go d
,
.

Of th e p bl i sh e d w o rk s w h i ch M r D o dgs o n
u n u .

l e ft b e h i nd h i m I m ay m e nt i o n O r i g i nal G a m e s “

a nd P u z z l e s
”
S ymb o l i c L o g i c P a r t
,
a nd
,

a p o r t i o n o f a m a t h e m a t i cal b o o k t h e pr o o fs ,

o f w h i ch a r e no w in t h e h a nds o f t h e C o nt r o ll e r

o f th e O xfo rd U n i v e rs i t Pr e ss
y .

I w i ll co ncl u d e t h i s ch ap t e r w i t h a p o e m w h i ch
app e a r e d in P u nch fo r J a nu a r 2 9th a fo r t ni gh t
y ,

a ft e r L e w i s C a rr o ll s d e a t h
’
I t e xpr e ss e s w i t h
.
,

all t h e gr ace a nd i ns i gh t o f t h e t r u e p o e t w h a t ,
 L E WI S CA RROL L
'

357

I h av e t r i e d ,
so fe e bl y an d i n e ffe ct u a l l y , to

sa
y
L E W I S CA RR OL L .

1 83 2 . D z ed j a nu a r y 1 898 .
’

B or n I 4,

Lo v e r o f children Fell ow h eir with th o s e -

Of wh o m th e imp e rish abl e ki ngd o m is

B ey o nd all dr eami ng now y o ur spirit k no ws
Th e u nim agi ne d myst eri e s .

D rkly as in a gl ass o u r faces l o o k

a

To r ead o urs elv e s if so we m ay aright

, ,

Yo lik e th e m aid en in y o ur faeri e b o o k

u,

Y o u st e p b ey o nd and se e th e l ight

Th e h eart yo u w o r e b eneath y o ur p ed ant s cl o ak ’

Only to childr e n s h earts yo gav e away

’
u

Y et u naw ar e in h alf th e w o rld yo u wo k e

Th e slumb eri ng ch arm o f C hildh o o d s d ay
’
.

We o ld er childr en too o u r l o ss l am ent

, , ,

We o f th e Tabl e R o u nd r e m e mb eri ng well

”
,

H o w h e, mrad e with h is p encil l ent

o u r co ,

Yo ur fancy s sp eech a firm er sp ell

’
.

Mast e r rar e wo o d craft b y symp athy s

of ,
’

Sur e t o u ch h e caught y o ur visi o nary gl eams ,

A nd m ad e y o ur fam e t h e dr eam e r s o ne with

’
, ,
h is,
Th e wis e i nt e rpr e t e r o f dr eams .

Far ewell B u t near o u h earts we h ave you r ye t,

H oldi ng o u r h e rit ag e with l ovi ng h and ,

Wh o m ay no t fo ll o w wh er e y o ur fe et ar e set
U p on th e ways of Wo nderl and .

Th is p o em is r pr
e o d u ced hr e e b y th e k r ss
ind pe m i io n o f th e p r pri t
o e or s

of P u nch .
 RI I E I DD E LL

ll )
LO N A AN D AL C L .

(F r m h b L ew is Ca rr
h o
p o tog p
r a y
.
o a
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

Fr o m ver y e a rl y co ll eg e d ays b eg an t o e m e rg e
t h a t b eau t i fu l s i d e o f L e w i s C a rr o ll s ch ar a c t e r
’

w h i ch a ft e r w a rds w as t o b e ne x t t o h i s fa m e as
,

a n au t h o r th e o ne fo r w h i ch h e w as b e s t k no w n
,

h i s a t t i t u d e t o w a rds ch i ld r e n a nd th e s t r o ng
,

a t t r act i o n t h e y h ad fo r h i m I sh a ll a t t e mp t t o
.

p o i nt o u t th e v a r i o u s i nfl u e nce s w h i ch le d h i m in
t h i s d i re ct i o n ; b u t i f I w e r e ask e d fo r o ne co m
pr eh e ns i v e w o rd w i d e e no u gh to e xpl a i n t h i s
t e nd e ncy o f h i s na t u r e I w o u l d a ns w e r u nh e si
,

t at ingly —
L o v e My r ea d e rs w i ll r e m e mb e r a
.

’
b eau t i fu l v e rs e in S yl v i e a nd B r u no
“

t h o u gh i t is I ca nno t fo rb e ar t o q u o t e it
,

Say, wh o s e is th e skill th at pai nts vall ey and h ill

L ik e a pi ctur e so fair to th e s ight P
Th at fl ecks th e gr een m ead o w with su nshi ne and sh ad o w ,

Till th e littl e l ambs l eap with d el ight ?

Tis a s ecr e t u nt o ld to h earts cru el and co ld
’
,

Th o ugh tis su ng by th e ang els ab o v e

’
,

I n no t e s th at ri ng cl ear fo r th e ears th at can h ear ,

A nd t h e nam e o f th e s cr e t is L o v e
e

Th a t s ecr e t an —
o pen s ecr e t fo r h i m
e xpl a i ns t h i s s i d e o f h i s ch a r ac t e r A s h e r ea d
.

e v e r y t h i ng in i t s l i gh t s o it i s o nl in i t s l i gh t
, y
t h at w e can pr o p e rl y u nd e rs t and h im I t h i nk .

t h a t t h e fo ll o w i ng q u o t a t i o n fr o m a l e t t e r t o th e
 LE WI S CA RROL L 3 61

Re v . F . H A t k i ns o n a cco mp a nyi ng a co p y o f
.
,

fo r h i s l i t t l e d au gh t e r G e r t r u d e s u ffi
”
A l i ce ,

cie nt ly pr o v e s th e t ru t h o f w h a t I h a v e j u s t
s t a t ed :

Many th anks to Mr s A tki ns o n and to you for th e s ight '

o f th e ti nt e d ph o t o graph o f y o ur G e rtrud e A s yo u say t h e

.
,

pi cture sp eaks fo r its elf and I can see ex actly wh at s o rt o f a

,

child sh e is in pr o o f o f whi ch I s e nd h er my l o v e and a k iss

,

h e rewith I t is p o ssibl e I m ay b e th e first (u ns een) ge ntl e m an

.

fro m wh o m sh e h as h ad so ridi cul o us a m ess ag e but I can t ’

say sh e is th e first u ns een child to wh o m I h av e s ent o ne !

I thi nk t h e m o st pr ecio us m e ss ag e o f th e ki nd I e v e r go t fr o m
a child I nev e r saw (and nev e r sh all see in this w o rld ) was to

th e e ffect th at sh e lik e d m e wh e n sh e r ead ab o ut A li ce but ,

pl eas e t ell h im wh enever I r ead th at E aste r l ett e r h e s ent m e

,

I d o l o v e him ! Sh e was in a h o spit al and a l ady fri end

”
,

wh o visit e d th e r e h ad ask e d m e to s e nd t h e l e tt e r to h e and r

s o m e o th e r si ck children .

A nd no w as to th e
s e co nd a r y cau s e s w h i ch
a t t r a ct e d h i m t o ch i ldr e n F i rs t I t h i nk ch i ldre n
.
,

app e a l e d t o h i m b e cau s e h e w as p r e e m i ne n t l -
y
a t e a ch e r and h e saw in t h e i r u nsp o i l e d m i nds
,_

th e b e s t m a t e r ia l fo r h i m t o w o rk u p o n I n l at e r
.

e a rs o n e of h is fav o u r i t e r e cr e a t i o ns w as t o
y
l e ct u re at s ch o o l s o n l o g i c ; h e u s e d to g i v e
p e rs o nal a t te nt i o n to e ach o f h i s p u p i ls and o ne ,

ca n w e ll i m ag i ne w i t h w h a t e ag e r a nt i c i p a t i o n t h e

ch i ldr e n w o u l d h av e l o o k e d fo r w a rd t o t h e v i s i t s
 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

of a s ch o o lm as t e r w h o k new h o w to m a k e ev e n
th e d u ll e s t s u bj ect s i n t e r e s t i ng a nd a m u s i ng .

A g ai n ch i ldre n app eal e d t o h i s ae s t h e t i c facu l

,

t i e s fo r h e w a s a k ee n a dm i re r o f t h e b eau t i fu l
,

in e v e r y fo rm P o e t r y m u s i c t h e dra m a all
.
, , ,

d el i gh t e d h i m b u t p i ct u r e s m o r e t h an all pu t
,

t o g e t h e r I r e m e mb e r h i s o nce sh o w i ng m e
.

Th e L ad y w i t h t h e L i l acs
”
,
w h i ch A r t h u r
H u gh e s h a d p a i nt e d fo r h i m and h o w h e d w el t
,

w i t h i nt e ns e ple a s u r e o n th e e xq u i s i t e co n t r a s t s o f
co l o u r w h i ch i t co nt a i ne d t h e g o l d h a i r o f a g i rl
—

s t and i ng o u t aga i ns t th e p u rpl e o f l i l ac bl o ss o m -

.

B u t w i t h t h o s e w h o fi nd in s u ch t h i ngs a s t h e s e a
co mpl e t e s a t i sfa ct i o n o f t h e i r d e s i r e fo r t h e b e au t i

fu l h e h ad no s ymp a t h y fo r no i mp e rfe ct r e p r e
s e ntat io ns o f l i fe co u ld fo r h i m
, ta k e th e pl ace o f
,

l i fe i t s el f l i fe as G o d h as m ad e it t h e b a bbl i ng o f
,
—

t h e br o o k t h e s i ng i ng o f t h e b i rds th e l au gh t e r
, ,

and s w ee t face s o f t h e ch i ldr e n . A nd ye t r e co g ,

nis ing a s h e d i d w h a t M r
, , .P at e r a p t l y t e rms
th e cu r i o u s p e rfe ct i o n o f t h e h u m an fo rm in ,

m an a s in na t u r e i t w as th e s o u l t h a t at t r a ct e d
, ,

h i m m o r e t h a n t h e b o d y H i s i nt e ns e a dm i ra
.

t i o n o ne m i gh t al m o s t call i t ad o r at i o n fo r th e
, ,

w h i t e i nno ce nce and u nco nta m i na t e d sp i r i t u a l i t y

o f ch i ldh o o d e m e rg e s m o s t cl e a rl y in S yl v i e and
 TH E L I FE A N D L E T
TE RS OF

d eat h i t s e l f o nl y m ad eh is face l o o k m o r e b o yi sh
—t h e w o rd is no t t o o s t r o ng H o w w o nd e r .

fu ll y yo u ng yo u r br o t h e r l o o ks ! w e r e th e fi rs t
w o rds t h e d o ct o r s a i d a s h e r e t u r ne d fr o m th e
,

r o o m w h e r e L e w i s C arr o ll s b o d y lay t o sp ea k to
’

th e m o u r ne rs b el o w A nd so h e l o v e d ch i ldr e n
.

b e cau s e t h e i r fr i e nd s h i p w as th e t ru e s o u r ce o f
h i s p e r e nni al yo u t h and u nfl agging v i go u r .

Th i s i d ea i s e xp r e ss e d in t h e fo ll o w i ng p o e m
a n a cr o s t ic w h i ch h e w r o t e fo r a fr i e nd so m e
,

t w e nt y yea rs ago

A ro u nd m y l o nely h earth to night ,

-
,

Gh o stl ik e th e sh ad o ws wand er :

N ow h er e now th e r e a childish sprit e

, , ,

E arthb o r n and yet as ang el bright ,

See ms near m e as I p o nd er .

Gaily sh o u ts : th e l aughi ng air

sh e

E ch oe s h er no t e o f gl ad ne ss
O b ends h ers el f w ith ear ne st car e
r

R o u nd fairy fo rtr e ss to pr ep ar e
-

Grim b attl e m ent o turret stair r -

I n C hildh o o d s m e rry m ad ne ss
’

N ew raptur es still h ath y o uth in st o r e

A ge m ay b u t fo ndly ch e rish
H alf fad ed m em o ri e s o f y o re
-

U p craven h eart repi ne no m o re

,

L o v e str et ch e s h ands fr o m sh o r e t o sh o r e
L o v e is and sh all no t p e r ish
,
 L E WI S CA RROL L 3 65

H i s firs t h i ld fr i e nd so fa r a s I k no w w as
'

-
c , ,

M i ss A l i ce L i dd e ll th e l i t t l e co mp a ni o n w h o s e
,

i nno ce nt t al k w as o ne o f t h e ch i e f pl eas u r e s o f
h i s e arl y l i fe at O xfo rd and t o w h o m h e t o ld th e
,

t al e t h at w as to m a k e h i m fa m o u s I n D e ce mb e r .
,

1 8 8 5 M i ss M
, E M an ne rs pre s e nt e d h i m w i t h a
. .

l i t t l e v o l u m e o f w h i ch s h e w as th e a u t h o re ss
, ,

”
“
A u nt A g ath a A nn and O th e r V e rs e s and ,

w h i ch co ntai ne d a p o e m (w h i ch I q u o te d in
Ch ap t e r ab o u t A l i ce W r i t i n g to ac
“
.

k no w l e dg e t h i s g i ft L e w i s C a rr o ll s ai d :
,

P ermit m e to o ffe r you my si nce re th anks fo r th e very s we et

vers e s yo u h ave writt en ab o ut my dream ch ild (nam ed afte r -

a r eal A li ce but no ne th e l e ss a dr eam child ) and h e Wo nd e r

,
-
r

l and Th at childr en l o v e th e b o o k is a v ery preci o us th o ught

.

to m e and ne xt to th e ir l o v e I valu e th e symp athy o f th o s e

, , ,

wh o co m e with a child s h eart to wh at I h ave tri e d to writ e

’

ab o ut a child s th o ughts N ext to wh at co nv e rsi ng with an

’
.

ang el m igh t b e fo r it is h ard to im agi ne it co m es I thi nk

— —
, ,

th e privil eg e o f h avi ng a r eal child s th o ughts utt e r e d to o ne

’
.

I h av e k no w n s o m e fe w r ea l childr e n (yo u h av e to o I am ,

s u re) and th eir fri endship is a bl essi ng and a h elp in life

,
.

I t i s i n t e r es t i ng t o no t e h o w in S yl v i e a nd “

B ru no h i s i d e a o f th e t h o u gh t s o f a ch i ld h as
b e co m e d e e p e r a nd m o r e s p i r i t u al Y e t in th e .

e arl i e r t al e t o ld all in a g o ld e n a ft e r no o n
“
,
to ,

th e pl a sh o f o a rs and th e s w i sh o f a b o a t t hr o u gh
 I E I DDE
ll
AL C L LL

l
.

r
(The o igina of A lice in I Vond er la nd f r om a r
ph otog aph by L ewis Ca r
ro .
 K I TC H I
rr ll )
XI E N .

F
( m
or a ph otogr aph by L ewis C
a o .
 TE RS OF L E WI S
TH E L I FE A N D L E T CA RR OL L 3 69

i
n ne o u t o f ten, 1 thi nk o f my child fri endsh ips g
, et sh ip -

wr eck ed at th e criti cal p o i nt wh ere th e stream and riv er,

“

m ee t and th e child fri e nds o nce so affecti o nat e b eco m e

,
” -
, ,

u ni nt ere sti ng acq u ai nt ances wh o m I have no wi sh to set ey es

,

o n ag ai n .

Th e s e fr i e ndsh i ps u s u all y b egan a ll v e r y m u ch

.

in t h e s a m e w ay A ch ance m e e ti ng o n th e s ea
.

’
sh o r e in th e s t r e e t at s o m e fr i e nd s h o u s e le d t o
, , ,

co nv e r s a t i o n t h e n fo ll o w e d a call o n th e par e nts ,

and a ft e r t h at all s o r t s o f k i nd ne s s e s o n L e w i s
’
C a rr o ll s p ar t pr e s e n ts o f b o o ks i nv i t a t i o ns t o
, ,

s t ay w i th h i m at O xfo rd o r at E as t b o u r ne v i s i t s
, ,

w i t h h i m to th e t h ea t r e F o r th e a m u s e m e nt o f
.

h i s l i t tl e g u e s ts h e k e p t a l a rg e ass o r t m e nt o f
m u s i cal —b o x e s and a n o rg ane t t e w h i ch h a d t o
,

b e fe d w i t h pa p e r t u ne s On o ne o ccas i o n h e
.

o rd e r e d a b o u t t w e l v e d o z e n o f t h e s e t u ne s
“
on
”
appr o v al an d a s k e d o ne o f th e o t h e r d o ns w h o
, ,

w a s co ns i d e r e d a j u dg e o f m u s i c t o co m e in and ,

h ea r t h e m pl aye d o v e r I n a dd i t i o n t o t h e s e
.

a t t r act i o ns t h e r e w e r e cl o ck —w o rk b ea rs m i ce , ,

and fr o gs a nd g a m e s
, and p u z z l e s in i nfi ni t e
v ar i e ty

O ne o f h i s l i t t l e fr i e nds M i ss I s a b e l S t a nd e n
, ,

h as s e nt m e t h e fo ll o w i ng acco u nt o f h e r firs t
m e e t i ng w i t h h i m '
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

We met first tim e in th e F o b y G ard ens R eadi ng

fo r th e r ur , .

H e was I b eli ev e waiti ng fo a trai n

, ,
I was pl ayi ng with my
r .

bro th e rs and sist ers in th e G ard ens I re m emb e r his taki ng .

m e o n h is k nee and sh o wi ng m e p u zzl e s o ne of whi ch h e ,

refers to in th e l ett e r [given b el o w This puzzl e was by th e .

,

w ay a gr eat fav o urit e o f his ; th e pr o bl e m is to draw thr e e

,

int e rl ace d squ are s with o ut g o i ng o v e r t h e s am e li ne s twi ce o r ,

taki ng th e p en o ff th e pap er] whi ch is so th o rou ghly ch arac

,

ter istic o f h im in its qu ai n t hum o ur

TH E C H E STN U TS GU I L DFOR D .
,
“
A ugu st 2 2, 1 8 69 .

MY DE A R I SA B E L Th o ugh I hav e o nly b een acqu ai nt ed

,
—

w ith you fo fift een mi nut es ye t as th ere is no one els e in

r , ,

R eadi ng I h av e k no w n so l o ng I h o p e yo u will no t mi nd m y
’

tr o ubli ng you B e fo r e I m et yo in th e Gard ens y e st erd ay

. u

I b o ught s o m e o ld b o o ks at a sh o p in R eadi ng whi ch I l e ft ,

t o b call e d fo and h ad no t tim e t o go b ack fo th e m I did n t

’
e r, r .

even r em rk th e nam e o f th e sh o p but I can t ell w h e e it wa

a ,
r s,

and if yo k no w th e nam e o f th e w o m an wh o k eeps th e sh o p

u ,

and wo uld put it i nt o th e bl ank I h av e l e ft in this no t e and ,

direct it to h e I sh o uld b e mu ch o bl ig d
r A fri end o f e .

mi ne all e d M L ewis C arr oll t ells m e h e m eans to s nd yo

,
c r .
, e u

a b o ok H e is a ve y d ear fri end o f mi ne

. r I h av e k no w n him .

all my life (w e a e th e s am e age ) and h ave n v r l e ft him

r Of e e .

co urs h e was w ith m e in th e G ard ens no t a y ard o ff— ev en

e ,

whil e I was drawi ng th o s e puzzl e s fo yo I wo nd e r if yo r u . u

saw him ?

Yo ur fifteen mi nut e fr end -

i

C L D ODG SON
,
“
. . .

H av e yo s u cceed ed in drawi ng th e thr ee squ are s

u

A no t h e r fav o u r i t e p u z z l e w as th e fo ll o w i ng
I g i v e i t in h i s o w n w o rds
3 72 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE R S OF

two v ery d ear fri ends ofmi ne wh o h app en to

, be h e r e j ust
no w , and b eg to b e all o w e d to sig n this l e tt e r as y o ur aff ec
tio nate f iends
r

D
,

L E wr s C A RR OL L and C . L . ODG SON .

A no t h e r c h i ld fr i e nd M i ss
-
, F . B re m e r , w r i t es
as fo ll o w s

Ou r qu ai ntan e b egan in a s o m ewh at si ngul ar m anner

ac c .

We w er e pl ayi ng o n th e Fo rt at Margat e and a g entl e m an o n ,

a s ea t near ask e d u s if we co uld m ak e a p ap e r b o at with a ,

s eat at each end and a b ask et in th e middl e fo r fish ! We

,

w ere o f co urs e enchant e d with th e id ea and o u new fri end

, , ,
r

—aft er achi e v ing th e feat gav e us his card whi ch w e at o nce

—
,

carri ed to o u r m o th e r H e ask ed if h e might call wh er e w e

.

w ere st ayi ng and th en pr e s ent ed my eld er sist er with a co py

,

A li ce in Wo nd e rl and i nscrib ed Fr o m th e A uth o r

“ ” “
of , .

H e ki ndly o rganis e d m any littl e e x cu rsi o ns fo r u s ch ie fl y in —

th e pursuit o f k no wl edg e One m e m o rabl e visit to a light

.

h o us e is still fre sh in o u r m e m o ri es .

I t w as w h i l e ca ll i ng o ne day p o n M rs B r e m e r
u .

t hat he s cr i bbl e d o ff th e fo ll o w i ng d o u bl e a cr o s ti c
o n th e na m e s o f h e r tw o d au gh t e rs

D O UB L E A cR oe c— FI V E L E TTE R S .

Two littl e girls near L o nd on dw ell ,

Mo r e nau ghty th an I lik e to t ell .

I .

Up on l aw n th e h o o ps ar e s een
th e
Th e b alls a e r o lli ng o n th e green
r . Tu r F
 L E WI S CA RROL L 3 73

Th e Th am e s is ru nni ng d eep and wid e

A nd b oats ar e r o wi ng o n th e tid e . R iveR

3 .

Inw i nt e r tim e all in a r o w

-
, ,

Th e h appy sk at ers co m e and go . I c E

4 .

Papa th ey c y Do le t us st ay
r

D
,

H d o e s no t sp eak but s ays th ey m ay

e
,
. N o

5
Th er e is a l and s ays my d ear
,
he , ,

Whi ch is too h o t to sk at e I fear ,

. A fr icA

At Ma rga t e als o h e m e t M i ss A d e l a i d e P ai ne ,

w h o a ft e r w a rds b e ca m e o ne o f h i s gr e a t e s t

fav o u r i t e s
. H e co u l d no t b e a r t o see th e
h eal t h y pl ea su r e s o f ch i ldh o o d sp o i l e d b y co n
v e nt io nal r e s t r a i nt . O ne p i e ce o f a d v i ce g i v e n
t o m y p a r e nt s , w r i t e s M i ss P a i ne g av e m e ,

ve r y gr e a t gl ee a nd t h a t w as no t t o m a k e l i t t l e
,

g i rls w ea r gl o v e s at th e s e a s i d e ; t h ey t o o k th e
”
a d v i ce,
a nd I e nj o ye d th e r e s u l t A p r op os .

of th is I m ay m e nt i o n t h at w h e n s t ayi ng a t
,

E as t b o u r ne h e ne v e r w e nt d o w n to th e b each
,

w i t h o u t pr o v i d i ng h i ms e l f w i t h a s u ppl y o f s a fe ty
p i ns Th e n i f h e saw any l i t t l e g i rl w h o w ant e d
.

t o w a d e i n t h e s ea b u t w as a fr a i d o f sp o i l i ng h e r
,
 THE L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

fr o ck , h e w o u ld grav e l y go u p t o h e r and pr e s e nt
h e r w i t h a s afe t y p in so t h a t sh e m i gh t fas t e n u p
-
,

’
h e r sk i r t s o u t o f h arm s w ay .

T i gh t b o o t s w e r e a gr e a t av e rs i o n o f h i s ,

e sp e ci all y fo r ch i ldr e n One l i t t l e g i rl w h o w as

.

s t ayi ng w i t h h i m at E a s t b o u r ne h ad o ccas i o n t o
b u y a ne w p a i r o f b o o t s L e w i s C a rr o ll g a ve
.

i ns t r u cti o ns t o th e b o o t m a k e r as t o h o w t h ey
w e r e t o b e m a d e s o a s t o b e t h o r o u ghl y co m
,

fo r table w i th th e r e s u l t t h at w h e n t h e y ca m e
,

h o m e t h e y w e r e m o r e u s e fu l t h an o r na m e nt al ,

b e i ng v e r y nea rl y a s bro a d as t h e y w e r e l o ng !
W h i ch sh o w s t h at e v e n h yg i e ni c pr i nci pl e s may
b e p u sh e d t o o far .

Th e firs t m ee t i ng w i t h M i ss P a i ne t o o k pl a ce
in 1 8 76 . W h e n L e w i s C a rr o ll r e tu r ne d t o Chr i s t
Ch u r ch h e s e nt h e r a co p y o f Th e H u nt i ng o f “

”
th e S na rk w i t h th e fo ll o w i ng a cr o s ti c w r i t t e n
,

in t h e fl y l e a f -

re d eaf Fath er Willi am ? th e you ng m an said

you ,
’
,

id yo u h ear wh at I t o ld you j ust now ?

.
x cu se m e fo r sh o uti ng D on t waggl e yo ur h ead
’

ik e a blu nd e ring sl ee py o ld co w
,

littl e m aid dw elling in Walli ngt o n To wn ,

5 m y fr i end so I b eg to rem ark

, :

0 yo u thi nk sh e d b e pl ea s ed if a b o o k w e r e s e nt d o wn
’

ntitled Th e H u nt o f th e Snark ?
“ ”
3 76 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

to p o f a h igh b o ok ca s e
h ere it h as b een fo r m o nths and
— w
m o nths and h as go t all co ve re d with d u st so o ne h as to get
,
—

a clust e r first o f all and nearly ch o k e o ne s e lf in dusting it

,

and w h e n o ne h a s m ad e o u t at l ast wh ich is di cti o na ry and

whi ch is dust eve n th en th e r e s th e jo b o f r e m e mb eri ng whi ch

’
,

end o f th e alph ab e t A co m e s fo r o ne feels pr etty ce rtai n —

it is n t in th e m id d le th en o ne h as to go and w ash o ne s
’ ’
—

h ands b e fo re turni ng over th e l eav e s fo r th e y v e go t so thi ck — ’

with dust o ne h ardly k no ws th e m b y s ight and as lik ely as —

,

no t th e s o ap is l o st and th e j ug is e mpty and th e r e s no

’
, , ,

t ow el and one h as to sp end h o urs and h o urs in fi ndi ng thi ngs

,

-
and p e rh aps aft e r all o ne h as to go o ff t o th e sh o p to buy a

new cak e o f s o ap— so w ith a ll this b o th er I h o p e yo u wo n t

’
, ,

mi nd my writi ng it sh o rt and sayi ng My d ear A da Y ou ,

s aid in y o ur l ast l ett e r yo u wo uld lik e a lik ene ss o f m e so :

h er e it is and I h Op e yo u will l ik e it I wo n t fo rge t to call th e

,
— ’

ne xt tim e but o ne I m in Walli ngt o n

’
.

Yo ur ve ry affecti o nate friend

L E W I S C A R R OL L
,

’
I t w as q u i t e a g a i ns t M r D o dgs o n s u s u al r u l e .

t o g i v e a w ay ph ot o gr aphs o f h i ms e lf ; h e h a t e d

p u bl i ci t y and t h e a b o v e l e t t e r w as a cco mp a ni e d
,

b y a no t h e r t o M rs P ai ne w h i ch r an a s fo ll o w s
.
,

I v ery u nwilli ng usu all y to giv e m y ph o t o graph for I

am , , ,

d o n t want p eo pl e wh o h av e h eard o f L ewis C arro ll to b e

’
, ,

abl e to r eco g nis e him in t h e str ee t but I can t r efus e A da ’

—
.

Will yo u k ind lv tak e care if any o f y o ur o rdi nary acqu ai nt

,

ance s (I d o n t sp eak o f i ntim at e friends see it th a t th e y a e

’

) ,
r

not t o ld anythi ng ab o ut th e nam e o f L ewis C arr o ll

He e ve n o bj e ct e d to h av i ng h is b o o ks d i s
 LE WI S CA RR OL L 3 77

cu ss e d in h i s pr e s e nce ; t hu s h e w r i t es to a

fr i e nd

Y r fri nd
ou e , M iss v e ry ki nd and co mplim entary
was
ab o ut m y b o o ks but m ay I co nfe ss th at I wo uld rath e r h av e
,

th e m ig no re d ? P erh aps I am to o fanciful but I h ave s o m e ,

h o w tak en a dislik e to b ei ng t alk e d to ab ou t th e m ; an d

co ns e qu ently h ave s o m e tri als to b ear in s oci ety whi ch o th e r ,

wis e wo uld b e no trials at all I d o n t thi nk any o f my

.
’

m any l ittl e st ag e fri ends have any shy ness at all ab o ut b ei ng

-

t alk e d to of th eir p erfo rm ances Th ey th o ro ughl y enj o y th e .

publi cit y that I shri nk fro m .

Th e h i ld to w h o m th e t hr ee fo ll o w i ng l e t t e rs
c

w e r e a ddr e ss e d M i ss G ayn o r S i mps o n w as o ne

, ,

of L e w i s C a rro ll s G u i ldfo rd fr i e nds Th e

’
.

co rr e ct a ns w e r t o t h e r i ddl e pr o p o u nd e d in th e

s e co nd l e t t e r i s C o p a l “

D ecem ber 2 7, 1 8 73 .

MY DE A R GA Y N OR My nam e is
sp elt w ith a G th at is
— “

D odgson A ny one wh o spells it th e sam e as th at

, ,
'

“ ”
to say .

w r e t ch (I m ean o f co urs e th e Ch airm an o f C o mmitt ee s in th e

H ou s e o f C o mm ons ) o ffends m e d eeply and f or ever I I t is a ,

thi ng I ca n fo rg et but never ca n f or give I I f you d o it agai n

, ,

I sh all call you C ou ld yo u li ve h appy with su ch

a nam e ?

A s to d anci ng m y d ear I never d ance u nl e ss I am

, , ,

all o w e d to d o it in my o w n pecu lia r wa Th r e is no u se

y e .

tryi ng to d es crib e it : it h as to b e s een to b e b eli ev ed Th e .

l ast h ou s e I tri e d it in th e fl o or br ok e thr o ugh B u t th en it

t
, .

was a p o o r s o rt o f fl o o th e b eams wer e o nly six inch e s th ick

’

r—
,

h ardl y wo rth calli ng b eams at all : st o ne arch es ar e m u ch

3 78 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTERS OF

m o re s ensibl e wh en any danci ng of my pecu lia r kind is to b e

, , ,

d o ne Did yo u e ve r see th e R hi nocero s and th e Hipp o

'

.
,

p o tam u s at th e Z o Olo gical G ard ens tryi ng to d ance a mi nu e t

, ,

t o geth e r ? I t is a t o u chi ng s ight .

Giv e any m e ssage fr o m m e to A m y th at yo u thi nk will b e

m o st lik ely to surpris e h er and b eli e ve m e , , ,

Yo ur afiectio nate fri end

L E WI S C A RR OL L
,

MY DE A R G A Y N OR S yo w o uld lik e to k no w th e -
o u

D on t b e in a h u rry to t ell it to A m y
,

answ r to th at riddl e ?
’
e

and Fr anc s triumph o ve r th e m fo a whil e

e r

My fi rst l end s it s aid wh en yo u p l un e

g in t tr
o ad e .

Gain . Wh o w o uld go n i t o trad e if th ere w er e no g ai n in

it ?
My seco nd in jo llifications

Or [
T h e Fr ench fo r go ld Yo u r jollificatio ns
“
wo uld
be very lim it ed if yo u h ad no m o ney .

My who l l thinnish im p rts

aid o n fi ni sh
pi t ri l r p r s nt t i ns
e, , a a neat
To c o a e e e a o .

Gaynor . B eca us e sh e w ill b e an o r nam ent to th e Sh ak e

sp eare Ch arad s e — on ly sh e must b e l aid o n thi nnish th at is ,
”
,

th er e m u sn t be too m u ch
’
f
o h er .

Y rs ff ti
ou a ec o na e t ly
D ODG SON
,

C . L . .

MYDE A R G A Y N OR Fo rgiv e m e fo h avi ng s ent y ou a

,
— r

sh am answ er to b egi n with .

My fi st S a I t carri s th e ships o f th e m erch ants

r —
e . e .

My s eco nd — W d Th at is a cigar an arti l e m u ch us ed

ee .
, , c

in jo llifi catio ns .

My wh o l e— Sea weed . Tak e a new ly p i t d

a n e o il-
p i ct u r e
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

Thus we m ad e friends and in a v e ry littl e whil e I was as

,

famili ar with th e int e ri o r o f his l o dgings as with o r o wn u .

I h ad th e usu al child s l o v e fo fairy t al e s and m arv els and

’
r -
,

h is p o w er o f t elli ng st o ri e s naturally fas ci nat e d m e We .

us ed to sit fo h o urs o n th e wo o d en st eps whi ch led fro m o u

r r

gard en o n to th e b each whilst h e t o ld th e m o st l o v ely t al es

,

th a t co uld p o ssibly b e im agi ned o ft en illustrati ng th e exciti ng

,

situ atio ns with a p encil as h e w ent al ong .

One thi ng th at m ad e h is st o ri e s p arti cul arly ch armi ng to a

child w as th at h e o ft en t oo k h is cu e fr o m h er r e m arks a —

qu esti o n w o uld set him o ff o n quite a new trail o f id eas so ,

th at o ne felt that o ne h ad s o m eh o w h elp ed to m ak e th e st o ry ,

and it s ee m ed a p e rs o nal p o ss e ssi o n I t was th e m o st l ov e ly .

no ns e ns e co nceiv abl e and I ,

natur ally r ev ell e d in it His .

vivid im aginatio n w o uld fly fr o m o ne sub j ect t o ano th e r and ,

w as nev e r ti ed d o w n in any way by th e pr o b abiliti e s o f

l ife
.

To m e it was o f co urs e all p e rfect but it is ast o nishi ng th at ,

h e nev er s eem e d e ith e r tir ed o r to want o th e r s o ci ety I sp o k e .

to him o nce o f this si nce I h av e b een gr o wn up and h e t o ld ,

m e it was th e gr eat e st pl easur e h e co uld h av e to co nv ers e fr eely

with a child and fe el th e d epths o f h e mi nd
,
r .

H e us ed t o writ e to m e and I to him aft e r th at summ e r and ,

th e fri e ndship thus b egu n l ast e d

, His l ett e rs wer e o ne o f th e
,
.

gr eat e st j o ys o f my childh oo d .

I d o n t thi nk th at h e ev er r eally u nd erst o o d th at we wh o m

’
,

h e h ad k no w n as childr en co uld no t always r e m ain su ch

, I .

stay ed with him o nly a few years ago at E astb o urne and felt , ,

fo r th e tim e th at I was o nce m o r e a child H e nev er app eare d .

to r ealis e th at I h ad gr o wn up e x ce pt wh e n I r e mi nd e d h im o f
,

th e fact and th e n h e o nly s aid

,
N ev e r mi nd yo u will always
,
:

b e a ch ild to m e e v en wh e n y ou r h air is gr ey
,
.

Some of th e l e t t e rs ,
to w h i ch M i ss C h at aw ay
 L E WI S CA RROL L 2
0
81

r e fe rs in t h e s e r e m i ni s ce nce s I am
‘

, e na bl e d ,

t hr o u gh h e r k i nd ne ss t o g i v e b e l o w : ,

C H R I ST C H UR C H , OX FOR D ,
Octo ber 1 3 , 1 8 75 .

MY DE A R G E RTRU D£ I ne ver giv e birthday pr e nt but,

— se s,

s m tim s writ birthd ay letter : so as I ve j ust

’
y ou se e I d o o e e e a ,

arriv e d h er e I am w riti ng this to w ish yo

,
m any and m any a u

h appy return o f y o ur birthday t o m o rro w I will dri nk y ou r .

h lth if o nly I can r em e mb er and if yo d o n t mi nd but

ea , , u
’
—

p erhaps yo o bj ect ? Y o see if I w r e to sit by you at

u u ,
e

breakfast and to dri nk y our tea yo u w o uld n t lik e th a t wou ld ’

D
, , ,

uld H er e s M dgs s ’ ’
y ou ? Y ou w o say B oo ! h o o !
“
o o n r .

dru nk all m y tea and I h aven t go t any l eft ! So I am v ery

,
’ ”

mu ch afraid next tim e Sybil l o oks for you sh e ll fi nd yo u

, ,
’

sitti ng by th e sad sea wav e and cryi ng B oo ! h o o ! H ere s

-
“ ’

M D o dgs on h as dru nk my h ealth and I h av en t got any

,
’
r

l eft ! A nd h o w it will puzzl e D r Mau nd wh en h e is s ent fo

.
,

”
, r
,
to see yo ! My d ear Madam I m v e r y s o rry to say y o ur
u
“
,
’

littl e girl h as go t no h ea lth a t a ll t I nev er saw su ch a thi ng

in m y life Oh I can ea sily expl ai n it ! y o ur m o th e r will
”
,

say . Y o u see sh e wo uld go and m ak e fri ends with a str ang e

_
“

g entl e m an and y e st erd ay h e drank h e h ealth

,
Well M s r
“
, r .

C h ataway h e will say th e o nl y way t o cur e h e is to wait

” “
, , r

till his n xt birthd ay and th en fo h er to dri nk h i h ealth

e ,
r s .
”

A nd th en we sh all h av e ch ang e d h ealths I wo nd er h o w .

y o u ll lik e mi ne ! Oh G ertru d e I wish yo u wo uld n t talk

’
, ,
’

su ch nons ens e !
You r l o vi ng fri end
L E W I S C A RR OL L
,

C H R I ST C H UR C H OX FOR D Dec 9 1 8 75 , , .
, .

MY DE A R G E R TRU DE This r eally will not d o yo u k no w —

'

, , ,

s endi ng o ne m o re kiss ev ery tim e by p o st : th e parcel g ets so

 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

h eavy it is quite exp ensive Wh en th e p o stman br o ught in .

t h e l ast l e tt e r h e l o o k e d q u it e grav e Two p o u nds to pay “

.
, ,

sir ! h e s aid
”
Ex tr a weigh t si ! (I thi nk h e ch eats a
.
“
,
r
”

l ittl e by th e way H e o ft en m ak e s m e pay two pou nds

,
.
,

wh en I thi nk it sh o uld b e pence) Oh if you pl eas e Mr .

“
, ,
.

P o stm an ! I s aid g o i ng d o wn gracefully o n o ne knee (I

”
,

wish yo u co uld see m e go d o wn o n one k nee to a p o stm an

— it s a v ery pret ty sight) d o ex cu s e m e j u st this o nce !
’
,
“

I t s o nly fr o m a littl e girl !

’ ”

“
Only fr o m a littl e girl ! h e gr o wl e d Wh at ar e littl e”
.
“

girls m ad e o f ? Su gar and spi ce I b egan to say and all ,

”
,
“

th at s ni but h e i nt e rrupt ed m e
’
N o I d o n t m ean th a t . .
“ ’
.

I m ean wh at s th e g oo d o f littl e girls wh en th ey s end su ch

’
, ,

h eavy l ett ers ? Well th ey r e no t m u ch g o o d ce rt ai nly I

” “
,
’
, ,
”

s aid rath er s adly

,
.

“
Mi nd you d o n t ge t any m o re su ch l ett e rs h e s aid
’
at , ,
“

l east no t fro m th at p art icul ar littl e girl I know h er well a nd

,
.
,

sh e s a r egu la r ba d o ne !
’
Th at s no t tr u e is it ? I d o n t
” ’
,
’

b eli ev e h e ev er saw yo u and y o u r e no t a b ad o ne a e you ?

,
’
,
r

H o wever I pro mised him we wo uld s e nd each o th e r very

,

few m o r e l ett e rs — Only two th o us and fo ur hu ndr e d and

“

s eventy o r so I s aid , , Oh ! h e s aid

”
a littl e numb er lik e
.
“ ”
,
“

th a t d o e s n t s ig nify Wh at I m eant is yo u m u st n t s end m a ny

’ ’ ”
. .
,

So yo u see we m u st k ee p co u nt no w and wh en we get to ,

two th o usand fo ur hu ndr e d and s e v enty we m u st n t wr it e any

’
,

m o re u nl e ss th e p o stm an giv e s u s l eave

, .

I s o m e tim e s wish I was b ack o n th e sh o r e at Sand o wn ;

do n t yo u
’

Yo ur l o vi ng fri end
L E WI S C A RR OL L
,

Wh y is a i
pg th at h as l o st its tail lik e a littl e girl on th e

sea- sh o re
B ecaus e it says sh o uld lik e ano th e r tal e pl eas e ! ”
, I ,
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

piano fo rt e N o I nd ee d I ha v en t ! I s aid and it is n t

’ ” “ ’
-
. ,

e xa ctly th e h a ir : it s m o r e ab o ut th e no s e and chi n Th en .

h e l o o ke d a g oo d d eal grav e r and said H av e yo u b een “

, ,

walk ing mu ch o n y o ur chi n lat ely ? I s aid N Well ! ”

,
“ ”

h e s aid it puzzl e s m e v e ry mu ch Do you thi nk th at it s in

“ ’
.
,

th e lips ? Of co urs e ! I s aid Th at s exactly wh at it is

” ” “ ’
.

Th e n h e l oo k ed v e ry gr av e i nd eed and said I thi nk yo u , ,

“

must h av e b een gi ving too m any kiss e s Well I s aid I .

”
,
”
,

d id giv e one kiss to a b aby child a littl e fri end o f mi ne , .

Thi nk agai n h e s aid ; a e you sure it was o nly one ?

,
” “
r

I th o ught agai n and s aid P e rhaps it was el even tim e s “

.
, ,

Th e n th e d o ct o r said Y o u m u st no t giv e h er a ny m o re till

,

yo ur lips ar e quit e r e st e d ag ai n B u t wh at am I to d o ? .
” “

I said b ecaus e yo u see I o we h er a hu ndre d and eighty two

, ,
-

m o r e Th en h e l oo k ed so grav e th at th e t ears r an d o w n h is
.
”

ch ee ks and h e s aid Y o u m ay s end th e m to h er in a b ox

“ ”

Th en I re m emb e re d a littl e b o x th at I o nce b o ught at D o ve r

.
, ,

and th o ught I w o uld s o m e d ay give it to som e littl e girl o r

o th e r So I h av e p ack e d th e m all in it v e ry car e fully

. T ell .

m e if th e y co m e safe o r if any ar e l o st o n th e way

, .

R EA D I N G STA T I ON ,

Apr il 13, 1 8 78 .

MY DE A R G E R TRU DE A s I h av e to w ait h ere , h alf an

— fo r
h o ur I h ave b een studyi ng B radsh aw (m o st things you k no w
, , ,

o ugh t to b e studi e d e v en a tru nk is studd e d with nails ) and ,

th e r sult i th at it s ee ms I co uld co m e any d ay n xt w ek

e s ,
e e ,

to Winckfi eld so as to arriv e th e r e ab o ut o ne ; and th at by

, ,

l eavi ng Win kfield agai n ab o ut half p ast si I cou ld r each

c -
x ,

Guildfo rd agai n fo di nne r Th e next qu e sti o n is H ow f a

r .
,
r

is it f o m Winckfi eld to R oth ei w i k

r N o w d o not d ece iv e c

m e yo w et ch ed child
, u r I f it is m o r e th an a hu ndr ed mil e s ,

I can t co m e to ee yo and th e r e is no se to talk ab o u t it

’
s u, u .

I f it is l ss th e next qu e sti o n is H o w m ch les

e ,
Th es e a e ,
u s r
 L E WI S C A RROL L 3 85

s e ri o us qu esti o ns and yo u m u st b e as s e ri ou s as a j udge in

,

ans weri ng th e m Th ere must n t b e a smil e in yo ur pen o r a

’
.
,

wi nk in yo ur ink (p erh aps y o u ll say Th ere can t b e a wink

’ ’
,

in ink but th er e m ay b e ink in a wink but this is trifli ng —

yo u m u st n t m ak e j o k e s lik e th at wh en I t ell yo u to b e s e ri o u s )
’

whil e you writ e to Guildfo rd and ans we r th e s e two qu e sti o ns .

Y o u m ight as well t ell m e at th e s am e tim e wh eth er yo u a e r

still li ving at R o th erwi ck — and wh e th e r yo u ar e at h o m e— and

wh e th er you get my l e tt e r— and wh e th e r yo u r e still a child o r
’
,

a gr o w n u p p e rs o n— and wh e th e r yo u r e g o i ng to th e s easid e
’
-

next s u mm e r and anythi ng e ls e (e x ce pt th e alph ab e t and t h e

—

m u ltipli cati o n tabl e) th at yo u h appen to k no w I s end you .

kiss es and r em ai n
,

Yo ur l o vi ng fri end
C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

T II E C H E STN U TS GU I L DFOR D , ,

Apr il 1 9, 1 8 78 .

MY DE A R G E R TRU DE I m afraid it s no go I ve h ad
,
— ’ ’ “ — ’

s u ch a b ad co ld all th e week th at I ve h ardly b een o t fo ’

u r

s om e d ays and I d o n t thi nk it wo uld b e wis e to tr y th e

,
’

e xp e diti o n this tim e and I l eave h er e o n T u e sd ay

,
B u t aft e r .

all wh at d o e s it sig nify ?

,
P er h aps th e re ar e ten o t wenty r

gentl em en all l iving withi n a few mil e s o f R o th er wi ck and

, ,

any o ne o f th e m wo uld d o j u st as well Wh en a littl e girl is

h o pi ng to t ak e a plum o ff a dish and fi nds that sh e can t h ave
,
’

that o ne b ecau s e it s bad o u nrip e what d oes sh e d o ? I s

,
’
r ,

sh e s o rry o r dis appo int ed ? N o t a bit ! Sh e j u st t ak e s ano th er

i nst ead and gr i ns fro m o ne littl e ea to th e o th e r as sh e puts
,
r

it to h e lips ! This is a littl e fabl e to d o yo goo d th e littl e

r u

girl m eans yo th e b ad plum m eans m e th e o th er pl u m

u— —

m eans s o m e o ther fri end— and all th at ab o u t th e littl e girl

putti ng plums to h er lips m eans well it m eans— b u t you —
,

k now you can t expect eve y bit o f a fabl e to m ean s o m ethi ng !

’
r

26
3 86 THE LI FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

A nd th e littl e girl gri nni ng m eans th at d ear littl e sm il e of

y o urs th at j u st reach e s fro m th e tip o f o ne ea to th e t ip

,
r of

th e o th e r !
Y o ur l ovi ng fri end
C L D ODGSON
,

. . .

I s e nd yo u kiss e s .

Th e n e x t l e t t e r i s a g o o d e x a mpl e o f t h e
‘

d a i nt y l i t t l e no t e s L e w i s C a rr o ll u s e d t o s cr i bbl e
o ff o n any s cr a p of p a p e r t h a t lay to h i s
h and '

C H E STN U TS GU I L DFOR D
, ,

j a nu a ry 1 5, 1 8 86 .

Y es,my child if all be w ell I sh all h o p e

, , ,
and yo u m ay fear,

th at th e trai n r each ing H o o k at two el ev en will co ntai n ,

Y o ur l oving fri end ,

C L DoDGsON . . .

O nl y a fe w ye a rs ago i ll ne ss pr e v e nt e d h i m
,

fr o m fu l fill i ng h i s u s u a l cu s t o m o f sp e n d i ng
Chr i s t m a s w i t h h is s i s te r s at G u i l dfo rd Th i s i s .

t h e a ll u s i o n in t h e fo ll o w i ng l e t t e r :

MY DE A R OL D FR I E N D (Th e fr i endship is o ld th o ugh th e

,
—
,

child is y o u ng ) I wish a v e ry h appy N ew Y ear and m any o f

.
,

th e m to yo and y o urs b u t speci all y to yo b ecaus e I k now

, u u,

yo u b e st and l o v e yo u m o st A nd I pray Go d to bl e ss yo u
.
,

d ear child in this bright N ew Year and m any a year to co m e

, ,
.

I writ e all this fr o m my s o fa wh er e I h av e b een co nfi ne d

,

a pris o ne r fo six weeks and as I dr ead ed th e railway j o urney

r , ,

m y d oct o r and I agr ee d th at I h ad b ett e r no t go to Spe nd

3 88 THE LI FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

fro m th e Rev . C . L
D o dgs o n th e m an i s fo r ce d
.
, ,

in th e e x t r e m e H i s b o o ks ar e s i mpl y th e ex
.

pr e ss i o n o f h i s no rm a l h ab i t o f m i n d a s t h es e ,

l e t t e rs sh o w I n l i te ratu r e a s in e v e r yt h i ng e l s e
. , ,

h e w as a bs o l u t e l y na t u ral .

To r e fe r t o s u ch cr i t i ci sms a s t h i s (I am
'

t h ankfu l to say t h e y h a v e b ee n v e r y fe w ) i s
no t a gr e e a bl e ; b u t I fe e l t h a t it i s o w i ng t o M r .

D o dgs o n to d o w h at I can to v i nd i ca t e t h e r e a l
u ni t
y w h i ch u nd e rl a
y b o t h h i s l i fe a nd a ll h i s
w r i t i ngs .

Of m any an e cd o t e s w h i ch m i gh t b e a dd u ce d
t o sh o w t h e l o v a bl e ch a r a ct e r o f t h e m an th e ,

fo ll o w i ng l i t t l e s t o r y h as r e a ch e d m e thro u gh o ne
o f h i s ch i ld fr i e nds
-

My sist er and I rit es ] we r e sp endi ng a d ay o f d elightfu l

[
sh e w
sights eei ng in t o wn w ith h im o n o u r way to his h o m e at
, ,

Guildfo rd wh ere we we re go i ng to pass a day o r two with him

, .

We w er e b o th children and we re mu ch int e re st ed wh en h e

,

t oo k us i nt o an A m erican sh o p wh ere th e cak e s for s al e were

co o k e d by a very rapid pr oce ss b e fo r e yo ur e y e s and h and ed ,

to yo u str aight fr o m th e coo k s h ands A s th e prep arati o n o f

’
.

th e m co uld easil y b e s een fro m o utsid e th e wi nd o w a sm all ,

cr o w d o f littl e r agam u ffi ns naturally ass embl e d th e r e and I ,

well r e m e mb er his pili ng up s ev en o f t h e cak e s o n o ne a m r ,

and hims elf t aki ng th e m o u t and d o li ng th e m r o u nd to th e

s even hu ngry littl e y o u ngst ers Th e simpl e ki nd ne ss o f h is

.

act impr e ss e d its ch arm o n h is child fri e nds i nsid e th e sh o p as

-

m u ch as o n his littl e strange r fri e nds o utsid e .

 L E WI S CARROL L 3 89

I t w as l y t o t h o s e w h o h ad b u t fe w p e rs o nal
on

d eal i ngs w i t h h i m t h at h e s ee m e d s t i ff and

”
d o nni s h ; t o h i s m o r e i nt i m a t e acq u a i nt ance s ,

w h o r eall y u n d e rs t o o d h i m e ach l i t t l e e cce nt r i ci t y

,

o f m a nn e r o r o f h ab i t s w as a d e l i gh t fu l a dd i t i o n

to h i s ch arm i ng a nd i n t e r e s t i ng p e rs o nal i t y .

Th a t h e w as in s o m e r e sp ect s e cce nt r i c ca nno t

, ,

b e d e ni e d ; fo r i ns t ance h e h a rdl y e v e r w o r e an
.

o v e r co a t a nd al w a s w o r e a ta ll h at w h at ever
, y ,

m i gh t b e th e cl i m a t i c co nd i t i o ns A t d i nn e r .

in h i s r o o ms sm all p i e ce s o f ca rdb o a rd t o o k
th e pl a ce o f t abl e m at s t h ey ans w e r e d th e
-

p u rp o s e p e rfe ct l y w e ll h e s a i d and to b u y a ny
, ,

t h i ng e ls e w o u ld b e a m e r e w as t e o f m o ne y .

O n t h e o t h e r h and w h e n p u r ch as i ng b o o ks fo r
,

h i ms e l f o r g i v i ng t r ea t s t o th e ch i ldr e n h e l o v ed
, ,

h e ne v e r s e e m e d to co ns i d e r e xp e n s e at all .

H e v e r y s e l d o m sat d o w n to w r i t e pr e fe rr i ng ,

to s tand W h i l e t h u s e ng ag e d W h e n m a k i ng t ea
.

fo r h i s fr i e nds h e u s e d in o rd e r I s u pp o s e to
, , , ,

e xp e d i t e th e pro ce ss t o w al k u p and d o w n
,

th e r o o m w a v i ng th e t e ap o t ab o u t a nd t e ll i ng ,

m ea n w h i l e t h o s e d e l i gh t fu l a ne cd o t e s o f w h i ch
h e h ad a n i ne xh a u s t i bl e s u ppl y
f
.

G rea t w e re h i s pre p a rat i o n s b efo r e go i ng a

j o u r ney ; e a ch s e p a rat e a r t i cl e u s e d to b e ca r e
3 90 THE L I FE A N D L E T
TE R S OF

fu ll y w ra pp e d u p in a p i e ce o f p ap e r all t o i t s e l f ,

so t h at h i s t r u nks co nt a i ne d ne arl y as m u ch
p ap e r a s o f th e m o r e u s e fu l t h i ngs Th e b u l k .

o f t h e l u gg ag e w a s s e nt o n a d ay o r t w o b e fo r e

b y g o o ds t r a in w h ile h e h i ms e lf fo ll o w e d o n t h e
'

a pp o i nt e d d ay l ad e n o nl y w i t h h i s w e ll k no w n -
.

l i t t l e bl ack b ag w h i ch h e al w ays i ns i s t e d o n
,

ca rr yi ng h i ms el f .

H e h ad a s t r o ng o bj e c t i o n t o s t a r i ng co l o u rs in
dr e ss h i s fav o u r i t e co mb i na t i o n b e i ng p i nk and
,

gr ey One lit t l e g i rl w h o cam e t o s t ay w i t h h i m

.

w as a bs o l u t e l y fo rbi dd e n t o w e a r a r ed fr o ck o f ,

a s o m e w h a t pr o no u nce d h u e W h i l e o u t in h is
,

co mp a ny .

A t m eals h e w as v e r y abs t e m i o u s al w ays ,

w h i l e h e t o o k no t h i ng in t h e m i ddl e o f th e d ay

e x ce p t a gl ass o f w i ne a nd a b i s cu i t U nd e r
.

t h e s e ci r cu ms t a nce s it i s no t v e r y s u rpr i s i ng
t h a t th e h e al t h y app e t i t e s o f h i s l i t t l e fr i e nds
fill e d h i m w i t h w o nd e r a nd e v e n w i t h a l a rm
, .

W h e n h e t o o k a ce r t a i n o ne o f t h e m o u t w i t h
’
h i m to a fr i e nd s h o u s e to d i nne r h e u s e d t o g i v e
,

th e h o s t o r h o s t e ss a g e nt l e w a r ni ng t o t h e .

m i x e d a m az e m e nt and i n d i g nat i o n o f th e ch i ld ,

“
Pl eas e b e car e fu l b e cau se sh e e a t s a g o o d d eal
’

"
t o o m u ch .
 THE LI FE AND L E TTE RS OF

N ovember 3 0 , 1 8 79 .

I have b een fully b u sy and I veaw of,

’
h ad to writ e h eaps
lette s w h eelbar o ws full alm o st
r n A nd it tir e s m e so th at
r ,
.

generally I go to b ed ag ai n th e next mi nu t e aft er I get u p

and s o m e tim e s I go to b ed ag ai n a m inut e bef or e I get u p !
Did you ev e r h ear o f any o ne b ei ng so tir ed as th a t P

N ovem ber 7, 1 8 82 .

MY DE A R E ft en you — H ow o must fi nd yo urs elf I n want ‘

o f a p in F or i nst ance yo u go i nt o a sh o p and yo u say to th e

, ,

m an ,
I want th e l arg e st p enny b u n yo u can let m e h av e fo r
“

a h alfp e nny A nd p e rh aps th e m an l o o ks st u pid and d oe s n t

” ’
.
,

qu it e u nd erstand wh at you m ean Th en h ow co nveni ent it is .

to h ave a p in r eady to sti ck int o th e b ack o f his h and whil e ,

N o w th en ! L o o k sh arp st u pid ! and e v e n

“ ”
yo u say , ,

wh en you d o n t h app en to w ant a p in h ow o ft en yo u thi nk to

’
,

yo u rs elf Th ey say I nter lacken is a v e ry pre tty pl ace I

, .

w ond er wh at it l ooks lik e (Th at is t h e pl ace th at is p ai nt e d

o n this p incushi o n
) .

Wh en yo u d o n t h app en to want e ith er a pin o r pi cture s

’
,

it m ay j u st r e mi nd you o f a fri end wh o s o m e tim e s thi nks o f his

cl ear littl e fri end E and wh o is j u st no w thi nki ng o f th e

d ay h e m et h er o n th e p ar ad e th e first tim e sh e h ad b een ,

all o we d to co m e o u t al o ne to l o o k fo r him .

D ecem ber 2 6, 1 8 86 .

MY DE A R E Th ou gh rushi ng rapid ivers r oar b et ween ,

r

us (if yo r ef r to th e m ap o f E ngl and I thi nk y o u ll fi nd that

u e ,
’

to b e co rr ect ) we still r e m e mb e r each o th e r and f el a s o rt

, , e

o f shiv e ry afl ectio n fo each o th e r r .

Ma r ch 3 1 , 1 890 .

I do sympathis e so h eartily with yo u in wh at yo u say ab o ut

feeli ng shy with children wh en yo u h av e to e nt ertai n th e m !
So m etim e s th e y ar e a r eal ter r or to m e— esp eci ally b o ys : littl e
 L E WI S CARROL L 3 93

girls I can now and th en get o n with wh en th ey re few eno ugh ,

’
.

They easily b eco m e d e tro p B u t with littl e boys I m o u t

“
.
” ’

o f my e l e m ent alt o g e th e r I s ent Sylvi e and B r u no

“
. to an
Oxfo rd fri e nd and in writi ng his th anks h e add e d
, ,
I thi nk
, ,

I must bri ng my littl e b oy t o see yo u So I w r o t e to say

.
”

d o n t o r wo rds to th at e ffect : and h e wr o t e agai n th at h e

’ ”
,

cou ld h ardly b eli ev e his e y e s wh e n h e t m n o t e H e

go y .

th o ught I d o t ed o n a ll childr en B u t I m not o m ni vo r ou s

.
’

lik e a pig I pick and ch o o s e

. .

Y ou ar e a lu cky g irl and I am rath er i ncli ne d t o envy you

in h avi ng th e l eisur e to r ead D ant e I h av e ne v er r ead a p age
, ,

o f h im ye t I a m sur e th e D ivina C o mm edia is one of th e

grand e st b o oks in th e w o rld th o ugh I am not s u r e wh eth e r
—

th e r eadi ng o f it w o uld r a ise o ne s life and giv e it a no bl e r

’

purp o s e o r simply b e a grand p oeti cal tr eat That is a qu es

, .

ti o n yo u ar e b egi nni ng to b e abl e to answ e r : I d ou bt if I

sh all eve r (at l east I n this life) h av e th e o pp o rtu nity o f readi ng
it m y life s ee ms to b e all t o r n i nt o littl e bits a m o ng th e h o st
o f thi ngs I want to d o ! I t s ee ms h ard to s e ttl e wh at t o d o
fir st One pi ece o f wo rk at any rat e I am cl ear o ught to b e
.
, ,

d o ne this y ear and it will t ak e m onths o f h ard wo rk : I m ean

,

th e s eco nd v o l u m e o f Syl vi e and B r u no I fully m ea n if I .

,

h ave life and h ealth till X m as next to bri ng it o u t th en , .

Wh en o ne is cl o s e o n sixty y ears old it s e ems pr es u mptu o u s

,

to cou nt o n y ears and y ears o f wo rk ye t to b e d o ne .

Sh e is r ath er th e e x cepti o n am o ng th e hu ndr e d o r so o f

child fri ends wh o h ave bright e ne d my life
-
U s u ally th e child .

b eco m es so entir ely a different b ei ng as sh e gr o ws i nt o a

wo m an th at o u r fri endsh ip h as to ch ang e to o and th a t it
,
:

usu ally d o e s by glidi ng d o w n fr o m a l o vi ng i ntim acy i nt o an

acqu ai nt ance th at m er ely co nsists o f a smil e and a b o w wh en

we m ee t !

~ ? a nu a iy 1 ,
1 8 95 .

Y quit e co rrect in s ayi ng

o u ar e it is al o ng tim e si nce
yo u hav e h eard fr o m m e : in fact I ,
fi nd that I h ave no t
394 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OL L
w ritte n to yo si nce th e 1 3 th o f l ast N o v e mb e r B u t wh at
u .

o f th at ? Y o u h ave access to th e d aily p ap e rs

. Sur ely yo u
can fi nd o t neg ativ ely
u , th at I am all right ! Go care fully
thro ugh th e list o f b ankruptci e s th en r u n y o u r eye d o wn th e
p o li ce cas es and if yo u fail to fi nd my nam e anywh er e yo u
, ,

can say to y o ur m o th e r in a t o ne o f calm s atisfacti o n M

“
r.

D odgso n is go i ng o n well
,
”
.
 K IT I I
C H N A MAN .

l)
XI E CH N AS A

Fr m
( o a r
ph otog aph by L ewis Ca r
ro l
.
 THE LI FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E lVI S CARROL L 3 97

waited to r ea dr ead it r igh t th r ough ! I n fact I

it . I
’
ve ,

fou nd it ve ry re fre shi ng wh en j ad e d with m y o wn w o rk at ,

“
Sylvi e and B ru no (co mi n g o u t at X m as I h op e) to lie ,

d o wn o n th e s o fa and read a ch apter o f E vi e I lik e it “

.
”

ve r y mu ch and am so gl ad to h ave h elp e d to bri ng it o u t

: It .

wo uld h ave b een a r eal l o ss t o th e childr en o f E ngl and if yo u ,

h ad burne d th e M S as yo u o nce th o ught o f d o i ng

.
,
.

Th e r y l a s t w o rds o f h is t h at appea r e d in
ve

pr i nt t o o k th e fo rm o f a pr e fa ce t o o ne o f M rs .

Th e L o s t Pl u m C a k e ( M
’
A ll e n s t al e s ,
“
ac -
,

m i ll a n C o So fa r a s I k no w t h i s w as
.
, ,

th e o nl y o cca s i o n o n w h i ch h e w r o t e a pr e face
’
fo r a no t h e r a u t h o r s b o o k and h i s r e m a rks ar e
“

d o u bl y i nt e r e s t i ng a s b e i ng h i s l a s t s e r v i ce t o th e
ch i ldr e n W h o m h e l o v e d N o ap o l o g y t h e n i s .
, ,

ne e d e d fo r q u o t i ng fr o m t h e m h e r e :

L et m e s eiz e this o pp o rtu nity o f s ayi ng o ne ear ne st wo rd to

th e m o th e rs in wh o s e h ands this littl e b oo k m ay ch ance to
co m e wh o a e in th e h abit o f t ak ing th e ir ch ildr en t o chur ch
,
r

with th e m H o w ev e r well and rev e rentl y th o s e d ear littl e

.

o ne s h av e b e e n t aught t o b eh av e th er e is no d o ubt th at so ,

l o ng a p eri o d o f enfo rce d qui etud e is a s ev e re tax o n th eir

p ati ence Th e hym ns p erhaps ta it l east and wh at a
.
, ,
x :

path eti c b eaut y th e r e is in th e sw ee t fre sh vo i ce s o f th e chil

dren and h ow ear ne stly th ey si ng I t oo k a littl e girl o f six to
,

chur ch with m e o ne day : th ey h ad t o ld m e sh e co uld h ardly

read at all but sh e m ad e m e fi nd all th e pl aces fo r h er !

—

A nd aft e r wards I s aid to h e eld e r sist er Wh at m ad e you say

r
“

Barb ar a co uld n t r ead ? Wh y I h eard h er j o i ni ng in all

’
, ,
 3 98 TH E L I FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

thro ugh th e hym n ! A nd th e littl e sist e r gr av ely repli ed

”
,

Sh e k no ws th e tu nes but no t th e w or d s ,
Well to r eturn to .
”
,

my subj e ct childr en in C hur ch Th e l e ss o ns and th e pray e rs

— .
, ,

ar e no t wh o lly b e y o nd th e m o ft en th ey can cat ch littl e bits

:

th at co m e withi n th e range o f th eir sm all mi nds B u t th e .

s erm o ns I t goes to o ne s h eart to see as I so o ft en d o littl e

’
, ,

d arli ngs o f fi ve o r six y ears o ld fo rce d to sit still thro ugh a ,

w eary h alf h o ur w ith no th ing to d o and no t o ne wo rd o f th e

-
, ,

s erm o n th at th ey can u nd erstand M o st h eartil y can I sym .

th ise w ith th e littl e ch arity girl wh o is s aid to h ave writt en to

-
p a

s o m e fri end I thi nk wh en I gr o ws u p I ll nev e r go to

,
“
, ,
’

church no m o r e I th ink 1 se g etti ng s erm o ns e no ugh to l ast

’
.

m e all my life B u t need it b e so ? Wo uld it b e so very irr e

ve e nt to let y o u r child h av e a st o ry b o o k to r ead duri ng th e
r -

s erm on to whil e away th at t edi o us h alf h o ur and to m ak e

,
-
,

chur ch g o i ng a br ight and h appy m e m o ry i nst ead o f r o usi ng

-
,

th e th o ught I ll nev er go to chur ch no m o r e ? I thi nk

“ ’ ”
,

no t . F o r m y p art I sh o uld l o ve to see th e e xp e rim ent tri e d

, .

I am quit e s u re it wo uld be a su cce ss My ad vi ce wo u ld b e .

to keep s o m e b o oks fo r th at sp eci al purp o s e I wo uld call .

su ch b oo ks Su nday tr eats and y o ur littl e b o y o r girl wo uld

- —

s o o n l earn to l o o k fo rward with eag e r h o pe to th at half h o ur —

,

o nce so t e di o u s I f I we r e th e pr each e r d eali ng w ith s o m e

.
,

subj ect to o h ard fo th e littl e o nes I sh o uld l o v e to see th em

r ,

all e nj o yi ng th e ir pi ctur e b o o ks A nd if th is littl e b oo k sh o uld

-
.

e v e r co m e to b e us e d as a Su nday tr eat fo r s o m e sw ee t
“ -
”

b aby r ead er I d o n t thi nk it co uld s er ve a b ett e r purp o s e

’

L E W I S C A RR OL L
.
,

M i ss M E M a nne rs w as a no t h e r w r i t e r fo r
. .

ch i ldr e n w h o s e b o o ks pl e a s e d h im Sh e g i v e s .

a n a m u s i ng a cco u nt o f t w o v i s i t s w h i ch h e p ai d

t o h er h o u s e i n 1 8 8 9 :
4 00 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

d id no t k no w wh en fi nish ed and d id not cl ap in th e

it was ,

right pl ace ; so I h ad to write a s o ng fo r th e gh o sts of th e

o yst e rs to si ng whi ch m ad e it all right
”
.
,

H e was th en o n h is way to L o nd o n to fe t ch I sa to st ay ,

with h im at E astb o ur ne Sh e was evid ently a gr eat fav o u rit e

.
,

and h ad visit e d h im b e fo r e Of th at earli er tim e h e s aid

.

Wh en p eopl e ask m e wh y I h ave neve r m arr i ed I t ell

'

I E D RM U E
ph t gr ph by E ll i tt 6 F y )
AL C A N D TH E O O S .

(F r m
o a o o a o '
r .

th e m I h av e nev e r m et th e y o u ng l ady wh o m I co uld e ndure

fo a fo rt night but I sa and I go t o n so w ell t o g e th er th at I
r —

said I sh ou ld keep h e a m o nth th e l ength o f th e h o neym oo n

r , ,

and we did n t ge t tir e d o f each o th e r

’ ”
.

N elli e aft e rw ards j o i ne d h e sist er fo a few d ays b u t th e “

r r ,

d ays spread to s o m e weeks fo th e p oo r littl e d o rm ou s e

,
r

d ev el o p e d s carl e t fever and th e eld e r children h ad to b e k ept

,

o t o f h arm s way u ntil fear o f i n fect ion was o v e r

’
u .
 L E WI S CA RROLL 40 1

Of E m sie h e h ad fu nny littl e st o ry to t ell H e h ad

a
‘

tak en h er to th e A qu ari u m and th ey h ad b een wat chi ng th e

,

s eals co mi ng up drippi ng o u t o f th e wat er With a v ery

pitiful l oo k sh e turned to h im and s aid D on t th ey gi ve
.

“ ’
,

th e m any t o w els ? [Th e s am e l ittl e girl co mmis erat ed th e

”

b ear b ecau s e it h ad got no tail ]

,
.

A sk e d to st ay to di nne r h e assur e d u s th at h e neve r t o o k

,

anythi ng in th e middl e o f th e d ay but a gl ass o f w i ne and a

bis cuit b u t h e wo u ld b e happ y to sit d own with u s whi ch h e ,

acco rdi ngl y did and ki ndly vo l u nt eer ed to ca rv e fo r u s H is

‘
‘

o ffe r was gl adly acce pt ed but th e app earance o f a rath er

,

dimi nu tive piece o f neck o f mutt o n was s o m ewhat of a pu zzl e

to him .H e h ad evid entl y nev e r s een su ch a j o i nt in his life
b efo re and h ad frankl y to co nfe ss th at h e d id no t k now h ow
D irecti ons only m ad e things worse
,

to se t ab ou t carvi ng it .
,

and h e brav ely cu t it to pi ece s in e ntir e ly th e wr o ng fashi o n ,

r el ati ng m eanwh il e th e st o ry o f a sh y y o u ng m an wh o h ad
b een ask ed to carve a fo wl th e j o i nts o f whi ch h ad b een care
,

fully wired t og e th er befo r eh and by his too att entiv e fri ends .

Th e t ask and th e st o ry b ei ng b o th fi nish ed o u r visit o r ,

gaz ed o n th e m angl ed re m ai ns and r em ark e d qu ai ntl y : I

,
“

thi nk it is j u st as w ell I d o n t want anythi ng fo r I d o n t k no w

’
,
’

wh e r e I sh ou ld fi nd it .

A t l east o ne m e mb e r o f t h e p arty felt sh e cou ld h ave

m anaged m att ers b ett er ; but th at was a p o i nt o f v ery littl e
co ns e q u ence .

A day o r two aft e r th e first call cam e a no t e s ayi ng th at h e

wo uld b e t aki ng I sa h o m e b e fo r e l o ng and if we wo u ld lik e to
,

see h er h e w o u ld st o p o n th e way ag ai n .

Of co urs e we we r e o nly too d elight e d to h av e th e o ppo r

tu nity and th o u gh th e visit was p o stp o ne d m o r e th an o nce it

, , ,

did t ak e pl ace earl y in A ugu st wh en h e brou ght b o th I sa and

,

N elli e up to t o wn to see a p erfo rm ance o f Sweet L av end er “

.

I t is nee dl e ss to r em ark th at w e t o o k car e this tim e to b e , ,

provid ed with s o m ethi ng at o nce substanti al and ca vable r .

27
 THE LI FE AN D L E TTE RS OF

Th e children were bright h ealthy h appy and childlik e littl e

, ,

m aid ens quite d e vo t e d to th eir g o o d fri e nd wh o m th ey call e d

Uncl e and ve ry i nteresti ng it was to see th em t ogether
, ,
”
.

B u t h e did no t all o w any u ndu e lib e rti es e ith er as a littl e ,

incid ent Sh o w e d .

H e h ad b een d e s cribi ng a p arti cul ar ki nd o f co ll apsibl e

t u mbl er whi ch yo u put in yo u r p ock e t and carri ed with you
'

for u se o n a r ailway j ou r ne y .

“
Th ere now h e conti nu ed t u r ni ng to th e children I
,
”
, ,
“

fo rg o t to bri ng it with m e aft e r all

“
Oh Go o sie , bro k e in I sa ; yo u ve b een talki ng ab o u t ’

th at t u mbl er for days and now yo u h ave fo rg o tt enit

, .
”

H e pull ed hims elf u p and l o o k e d at h e st eadily with an

, r

air o f gr av e r epr o o f .

Mu ch ab ash ed sh e h astily substitut e d a v e ry subdu e d

Uncl e fo r th e o bj ecti o nabl e Goo sie and th e m atter
,
” “
,

dropp e d .

Th e princip al anecd o t e o n this o ccasi o n was ab o ut a d o g

whi ch h ad b ee n s nt i nt o th e sea aft e r sti cks
e H e br o ught .

th em b ack ve ry pro pe rl y for s o m e tim e and th en th ere ,

app ear e d to b e a littl e di ffi cult y and h e r e t u r ne d swimmi ng in

,

a v er y curiou s m anne r On cl o s e r i nsp ecti o n it app eare d th at

.

h e h ad cau ght h o ld o f his o wn tail by mist ak e and was ,

bri ngi ng it to l and in tri u mph .

This was t o ld with th e u tm o st grav ity and th o ugh we h ad ,

b een requ est ed b efo r eh and no t to m enti o n L ewis C arr oll s “ ’ ”

b o oks th e t e mptati o n was to o str o ng I co u ld no t h elp

,
.

sayi ng to th e child next m e

“
Th at was lik e th e Whiti ng was n t it ? ,
’ ”

O u r visit o r h o w e v e r t o o k up th e r e m ark and s ee m ed

, , ,

quit e willi ng to talk ab o ut it .

“
Wh e n I e te th at h e s aid I be li ev e d th at whit ing
,
”
,
“

really did h ave th eir t ails in th eir m o uths but I h ave si nce ,

b een t old th at fi sh m o nger s pu t th e tail thro ugh th e eye not ,

”
in th e m o nth at all.
 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

E v e r y o ne h as h ea rd of
i s C a rr o ll s h a t re d L ew
’

o f i n t e r v i e w e rs ; t h e fo ll o w i ng l e t t e r t o M i ss
M anne rs m ak e s o ne fee l t h a t in s o m e ca s e s at ,

l e a s t h i s fe el i ng w as j u s t i fi a bl e
,

ur Manch est er rel ative s eve r go to th e pl ay t ell th e m

I f yo ,

th ey o ught to see I sa as Ci nd erell a sh e is evid ently a “ —

su ccess A nd sh e h as actu ally b een int er viewe d by o ne o f

.
“

th o s e dreadful newspap e rs rep o rters and th e i nt e vi ew is ,

“
r
”

publish ed with h e pi ct u r e A nd su ch ru bbish h e m ak es h er

r

talk ! She t ells him th at s o m ethi ng o r o th e r was tacitl y “

co nce d e d and th at I l o v e to see a gr eat actr ess give

” “
:
’

e pr essio n to th e wo nd e rful id eas o f th e imm o rt al m ast e r !

”
x

— I ne v e r le t h er talk lik e th at w h en sh e is wit h m e

( N B . . i)
E m sie r eco v e r ed in tim e t o go to A m e ri ca with h er m o th e r ,

and I sa and N elli e and th e y all e nj o y e d th e trip m u ch and

E m sie h as a L o nd o n e ngag e m ent .

Onl y o nce i nt e r v i e w e r b o ld e no u gh t o
w as an

e nt e r L e w i s C a rr o ll s sanctu m Th e s t o ry h a s
’
.

b e e n t o ld in Th e Gu a r dia n (J anu ar y 1 9 ,

b u t w i ll b e a r r e p e t i t i o n

N ot l o ng ago Mr . D
dgs o n h app ened to get i nt o co rre
o

sp o nd e nce with a m an wh o m h e h ad ne v e r s ee n on some ,

qu esti o n o f r eligio us di ffi cu lty and h e i nvit ed him to co m e to

,

h is r o o ms and h av e a t alk o n th e sub j ect Wh en th er e .

,

fo re a M X
,
r.was anno u nced t o him o ne m o r ni ng h e ,

advance d to m ee t him with o u tstr e t ch e d h and and smil e s o f

w el co m e C o m e in M X
. I h ave b een exp ecti ng you
r. .
”

Th e d elight e d visito r th o u ght this a pr o misi ng b eginni ng and ,

 L E WI S CA RR OL L 46 5

imm ediat ely pull e d o u t a no t e b o o k and p encil and pr oceed ed

-

Great was Mr D o dgs on s

,

th e usu al qu e sti o ns
“ ” ’
to ask . .

disgu st ! I nst ead o f h is exp ect e d fri e nd h er e was ano th e r ,

m an o f th e s am e nam e and o ne o f t h e mu ch dr ead e d i nt e r

,
-

vi ew e rs actu ally sitti ng in his C h air !

,
Th e mist ak e was s o o n
expl ai ne d and th e r epr e s enta tiv e o f th e Pr e ss was b o w e d
,

o u t as qui ckly as h e h ad co m e in .

It w as w h i l e I s a and o ne o f h e r s i s t e rs w e r e
s t ayi ng at E as t b o u r ne t h a t t h e v i s i t t o A m e r i ca
w as m o o t e d M r D o dgs o n s u gg e s t e d t h at i t
. .

w o u ld b e w e ll fo r t h e m t o gr o w grad u all y
accu s t o m e d t o s e a fa r i ng a nd t h e r e fo r e pr o p o s e d
,

t o t a k e t h e m b y s t e a m e r t o H a s t i ng s Th i s pl an .

w as ca rr i e d o u t and t h e w ea t h e r was u nsp e a k a bl y

,

b ad far w o rs e t h a n a nyt h i ng t h e y e xp e r i e nce d

—

in t h e i r s u bs e q u e nt t r i p a cr o ss th e At l an t i c Th e .

t w o ch i ldr e n w h o w e r e ne i t h e r o f t h e m v e r y
,

g o od s ai l o rs e xp e r i e nce d s e ns a t i o ns t h at w e re
,

t h e r e ve rs e o f pl e a s a n t M r D o dgs o n d i d h is
. .

b e s t to co ns o l e t h e m w h i l e h e co nt i nu all y r e
,

ea t e d C r o ss i ng t h e A t l a nt i c w i ll b e m u ch
“
p ,

w o rs e t h a n t h i s .

H o w e v e r e v e n t h i s t e rr i bl e l e ss o n o n th e
,

h o rr o rs o f th e sea d i d no t act a s a d e t e rr e nt ;
i t w as a s u ns u cce ssfu l as t h e e ffo r t o f th e o ld l a d y
in o ne o f h i s s t o r i e s : A n o ld l ad y I o nce k ne w
“

t r i e d t o ch e ck t h e m i l i ta r y a rd o u r o f a l i t t l e b o y
4 06 THE L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

by sh o w i ng h i m a p i ct u re o f a b a t t l efield and ,

d e s cr i b in g s o m e o f i t s h o rr o rs B u t t h e o nl y
.

’
a n s w e r s h e go t w as , l ll b e a s o ld i e r
‘
T ell i t.

ag a i n

Th e B o w m a n ch i ldr e n s o m e t i m e s ca m e o v e r t o
v i s i t h i m at O xfo rd ,
a nd h e u s e d t o d e l i gh t in

sh o w i ng t h e m o v e r th e co ll eg e s a nd p o i nt i ng ,

o u t t h e fa m o u s p e o pl e w h o m t h e y e nco u n t e r e d .

On o ne o f t h e s e o cca s i o ns h e w as w a l k i ng w i t h
M agg i e t h en a m e r e ch i ld w h en t h ey m e t th e
, ,

B i sh o p o f Oxfo rd t o W h o m M r D o dgs o n i nt r o
, .

d u ce d h i s l i t t l e g u e s t .H i s l o rdsh i p a sk e d h e r
w h a t sh e t h o u gh t o f O xfo rd I t h i nk s ai d th e
.
,

l i t t l e act r e ss w i t h q u i t e a pro fe ss i o na l ap lom b

, ,

”
i t s t h e b es t pl a ce i n th e P r o v i nce s !
’
At
w h i ch t h e B i sh o p w as m u ch a m u s e d A ft e r th e
.

ch i ld h ad r e t u r ne d t o t o w n t h e B i sh o p s e nt h e r
,

a C o p y o f a l i t t l e b o o k ca ll e d G o ld e n D u s t
“
,

i ns cr i b e d F r o m W Ox o n w h i ch co ns i d e ra bl y
.
,

m ys t i fi e d h er a s sh e k new no b o d y o f t h a t na m e !
,

A no t h e r l i t t l e s t ag e fr i e n d o f L e w i s C a rr o l l s
-
’

w as M i ss V e r a B e r i ng e r th e , L i t t l e L o rd
F au nt l e ro y w h o s e a ct i ng d el i gh t ed all t h eat re
,
”

g o e rs e i gh t o r ni ne yea rs ago Once w h e n sh e .

,

w as sp e nd i ng a h o l i d a y in t h e I sl e o f Man h e ,

s e nt h e r th e fo ll o w i ng l i ne s
40 8 THE LI FE AND L E TTE RS OF

Fr o m th e Au t ho r , in m e m o ry of a pl ea s an t
j o u r ne y .

W h e n h e gav e b o o ks to ch i ldr e n h e v e r y o ft e n ,

w r o t e a cr o s t i cs o n t h e i r na m e s o n t h e fl y l e a f -
.

O ne o f th e pr e t t i e s t w as i ns cr i b e d i n a co p y o f
M i ss Y o ng e s L i t t l e L u cy s Wo nd e rfu l G l o b e
’ ’

w h i ch h e g a v e t o M i s s R u t h D ym e s :

R ou nd drou s gl o b e I wand e r wild

th e wo n
U p and d ow n hill A ge s u cceeds to you th
,

- —

T o ili ng all in vain to fi nd a child

H alf so l oving h alf so d ear as R uth
, .

In a n o t h e r b o o k g i ve n, to h er s i s t e r M a rga r e t , he
w ro t e
M id ens if a m aid you m ee t
a ,

A lways fr ee fr o m p o ut and pet ,

R ead y smil e and t e mp er s wee t ,

G r eet m y littl e Margaret .

A nd if l o ve d by all sh e b e
R igh tly no t a p amp er e d p et
, ,

E asily you th en m ay see

T is my littl e Marg ar e t
’
.

H e r e ar e t w o l e t t e rs t o ch i ldr e n th e o ne ,

i nt e re s t i ng as a sp e ci m e n o f p u r e no ns e ns e o f
‘

t h e s o r t w h i ch ch i ldr en a l w a ys l i k e th e o t h e r ,

as sh o w i ng h i s d i sl i k e o f b e i ng prai s e d Th e .

fi rs t w as w r i t t e n t o M i ss G e r t r u d e A t k i ns o n ,

d au gh te r o f an o ld C o ll eg e fr i e nd b u t o t h e r w i s e ,
 L E WI S CARROL L 0
4 9

unk no w n to L ew i s C a rr o ll e x ce p t by h er ph o t o
graph
MY DE A R G E R TRU DE So m any thi ngs h av e happ ened ,
—
’

Si nce we m et l ast eally I d o n t k no w w h ich to b egi n talki ng

’
, r

ab o ut ! F o i nst ance E ngl and h as b een co nqu e r ed by Willi a m

r ,

th e C o nqu e r o r We h aven t m et si nce th a t h app ened yo

.
’
,
u

k no w H ow d id you lik e it ? Were you fright ened ?

.

A nd o ne m o re thi ng h as h app ene d I h ave go t you r ph o t o

graph Th ank you ve ry m u ch fo it I lik e it awfully Do
. r .
“
.

th ey let you say awfully ? o d o th y say N o my d ear ;

“ ”
r e , ,

littl e girls must n t say awfu lly ; th ey sh o uld say very mu ch

’ ‘ ’ ‘

I wo n d e r if you will eve r get as far as J e rs ey ? I f no t, h o w

a r e we t o m ee t ?

Y ur ff ti
o a ec t fri end
o na e

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

Fr o m th e s e co nd l e t t e r t o M i ss , Fl o e nce r
J acks o n , I t ak e th e fo ll o w i ng e x t r a ct :

I have two re as o ns for s endi ng yo u this fabl e o ne is th at ,

in a l e tt e r yo u w r o t e m e you s aid s o m e thi ng ab o ut my

b ei ng cl ev er and th e o th er is that wh en yo u wro t e agai n
“ ”
, ,

y o u s aid it ag ai n A n d ea ch tim e I th o ught R e all y I m u st ,

“
,

writ e and ask h er not to say s u ch thi ngs it is no t wh ol es o m e

r eadi ng fo r m e .
”

Th e fabl e is th is Th e co ld fr o sty br aci ng air is th e tr eat

.
, ,

m ent o ne g ets fr o m th e w o rld gene rally su ch as co nt e mpt o r —

,

bl am e or negl ect ; all th o s e a e v ery wh o l es o m e A nd th e

,
r .

h o t dry air th at yo u br eath e wh en yo u r u sh t o th e fi e is th e

,
r ,

prais e th at o ne gets fro m o ne s y ou ng h appy ro sy I m ay ev en ’

, , ,

fl or id fr iends ! A nd th at s very b ad fo r m e and giv e s

’
say ,

prid e fev e r and co nceit — co ugh and su ch lik e d is eas e s

—
, ,
-
.
410 TH E L I FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

N ow I m
’
sure you d o n t want m e to b e l ai d up with all th es e
’

dis eas es so pl eas e d o n t prais e m e a ny m o re !

’

Th e ve rs es t o Mat ilda J a ne ce r t ai nl y d e s e r v e
" ‘

a pl ace in t h i s ch ap t e r To m a k e t h e i r m e a ni ng
.

cl e a r I m u s t s t a t e t h at L e w i s C a rr o ll w r o t e t h e m
,

fo r a lit tle co u s i n o f h i s a nd t h a t M a t i ld a J a ne ,

w as th e s o m e w h a t pro s a i c na m e o f h e r d o ll Th e .

p o e m e xpr e ss e s fi ne l y t h e blind u nr e as o ning d e v o

‘ ’

t i o n w h i ch t h e i nfa nt m i nd pr o fe ss e s fo r I nani m at e

o bj e ct s

Matilda J ane v er l o o k
, yo u ne
A t any to y o r p tur b oo k ic e-

I sh o w yo u pr ett y thi ngs in v ai n ,

Y o u must be bli nd Matil da J ane ! ,

I askyo u riddl es t ell yo u tal e s , ,

B u t all o u rco nv e rs ati o n fails

Y o u nev e r answ e r m e agai n ,

I fear y o u r e dumb Matild a J ane !

’
,

Matild a rli ng wh en I call

, da ,

Y o u nev e r s ee m t o h ear at all

I sh o ut with all my m ight and m ai n ,

B u t yo u r e so d eaf Matild a J ane

’
,

Matild a J ane yo u need n t mi nd

,
’
,

F o r th o ugh y o u r e d eaf and dumb and bli nd

’
, , ,

Th er e s s o m e o ne l o ve s yo u it is pl ai n
’
, ,

A nd th at is m e Matild a J ane ,

In an e a rl i e r c h ap t e r I ga ve s ome -
of Mr .
41 2 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

pr o ph ecy but o nly th at it m ay t end to sh ap e its elf in that

—

directi o n .

Yo ur r em ark th at slippers fo r el eph ants cou ld b e m ad e o nly

, ,

th ey wo u ld no t b e slipp ers but b o o ts convi nces m e that th ere

, ,

is a branch o f y o ur family in I r ela nd Wh o a e (oh d ear o h . r ,

d ear I am g o i ng d istract e d ! Th ere s a l ady in th e o ppo sit e

,
’

h ou s e wh o simply Si ngs a ll d ay A ll h er s o ngs ar e wails and .

,

th eir tu ne s su ch as th ey h ave ar e mu ch th e s am e Sh e h as
, , .

o ne str o ng no t e in h er vo i ce and sh e k no ws it ! I th ink it s

’
,

A natur al b u t I h av en t m u ch ear A nd wh en sh e g ets t o

“ ” ’
.
,

that no t e sh e h owls th ey ? Th e O R i es I s u pp o s e ?
,
’
x ,

A b o ut y o ur u ni nt e r e st ing neighb o urs I symp athis e with yo u ,

mu ch but Oh I wish I h ad yo u h e re that I might t each yo u

, ,

I t is di ffi cult to visit o ne s distri ct r egul arly lik e

’
not to say ,

e v e ry o ne e ls e d o e s

A nd no w I co m e t o th e m o st i nt er e sti ng p art o f y o ur l e tt er
May you treat m e as a p erfe ct fri end and writ e anythi ng you ,

lik e to m e and ask m y ad vice ? Wh y of cou r se yo u m ay m y

, , ,

child ! Wh at els e am I g o o d for ? B u t oh my d ear child ,

friend yo u canno t gu ess h o w su ch wo rds s o u nd to m e Th at

,

any o ne sh o uld l o o k up to m e o r thi nk o f aski ng my advi ce ,

well it m ak e s o ne feel h u mbl e I thi nk rath er th an pro ud

, , ,

h u mbl e to rem e mb er whil e o th e rs thi nk so well of m e wh at I

, ,

r eall y a m in mys elf

,
Th ou th at t each est ano th er t each est
.
, ,

th ou not thys elf ? Well I wo n t t alk ab ou t mys elf it is no t

”
,
’
,

a h ealth y t o pi c P erh aps it m ay b e tr u e o f a ny two p eo pl e

.
,

that if o ne co uld see th e o th er thr o ugh and thro ugh l ov e

, ,

wo u ld p erish I d o n t k now A nyh o w I lik e to h a ve th e l o v e

’
. .
,

o f my child fri ends th o I k no w I d o n t d e s e rv e it Pl eas e

’ ’
-
.
,

writ e as freely as ever yo u lik e .

I w ent up to t o wn and fe t ch ed Ph oeb e d o w n h er e o n Frid ay

in l ast week and we sp ent m ost o f Sat u rd ay u p o n th e b each
Ph oeb e wadi ng and diggi ng and as h appy as a bird up o n ,
“

th e wi ng (to qu o t e th e s ong sh e s ang wh en first I saw h e )

”
r .

Tu esday eveni ng brought a t el egram to say sh e was want ed at

 L E WI S CA RROL L 413

th e th eatr e next m o r ni ng So i nst ead o f go i ng to b e d Ph oeb e

.
, ,

pack ed h er thi ngs and we l eft by th e l ast train r eaching h er

, ,

h o m e by a q u art er to 1 a m H owev e r e v en four d ays o f sea

.
,

air and a new ki nd o f h appi ne ss d id h er g o o d I

,
thi nk I , , .

am rath e r l o nely no w sh e is g o ne Sh e is a very s wee t child .

,

and a th o u ghtfu l child t oo I t was ve ry t o u chi ng t o see (we

, .

h ad a littl e B ibl e r eadi ng eve ry day I tri e d to r e m e mb e r th at

-

my littl e fri end h ad a s ou l to b e cared for as well as a b od y) ,

th e far away l oo k in h er eye s wh en we t alk e d o f Go d and o f

-
,

h eaven as if h er angel wh o b eh o lds His face cont inu ally

—
, ,

we re whisp e ri ng to h er .

Of co u rs e th er e is n t m u ch co mp ani o nship p o ssibl e aft er

’
, ,

all b e t we e n an o ld m an s mi nd and a littl e child s b u t wh at

’ ’
, ,

th ere is is s weet and wh o l e s o m e I thi nk

—
,
.

Thr ee l e t t e rs o f h i s to a ch i ld fr i e nd M i ss -
,

K at hl e e n E s ch w e g e no w M rs R o u nd i ll u s t r a t e
, .
,

o ne o f t h o s e fr i e n dsh i ps w h i ch e n d u r e : t h e s o r t

o f fr i e ndsh i p t h a t h e a l w a ys l o ng e d fo r a nd s o ,

o ft e n fai l e d to s e cu r e

CH . C II .
,OX FOR D ,
October 2 4 , 1 8 79 .

MY DE R K A TH L EE N I was really pl eas ed to get y u r

A ,
— o

l ett er as I h ad quit e supp o s e d I sh o uld neve r see o r h ear o f

,

y ou ag ai n Y.o u see I k new o nl y y o ur Christi an nam e— no t

th e gh o st o f a s u r nam e o th e sh ad o w o f an addr e ss — and I

,
r

was no t pr e p ar e d t o sp e nd m y littl e all in adv e rtis e m e nts If

th e y o u ng l ad y wh o was trav e lli ng o n th e G W Rail way &c
,
. .
, .

— or to d e v o t e th e r e m ai nd er o f my life t o g o i ng ab ou t t e

p eating K
“
athl ee n lik e th at y o u ng wo m an wh o cam e fr o m
,
”

s o m e fo reig n l and to l o o k fo h e l o ve r bu t o nl y k new that r r ,

h e was call e d E d ward h ard it dare

”
( i ? I “
“
o R c w a r s
41 6 THE LI FE AN D LE TTE RS OF

say yo u k now Hist o ry b ett er th an I d o ) and th at h e liv e d

in E ngl and ; so th at naturally it t oo k h er s o m e tim e to fi nd
him A ll I k new was th at you co uld if you ch o s e w it e to
. , ,
r

m e thr o ugh Macmill an but it is thr ee m o nths Si nce w e m e t ,

so I w as no t exp ecti ng it and it was a pl easa nt surpris e

,
.

Well so I h o p e I m ay no w co u nt yo u as o ne o f my
,

child friends-
I am fo nd o f childr en (ex cept b o ys ) and
.
,

h av e m o re child friends th an I co uld po ssibl y co u nt o n m y

-

fi ngers even if I we re a centip ed e (by th e way h a ve th ey

, ,

fi ng ers ? I m afraid th ey re o nly feet but of cou rs e th ey

’ ’
, , ,

u se th e m fo r th e sam e purp o s e and tha t is wh y no o th er ,

i ns ects ex cept centiped es eve r s u ccee d in d o i ng L ong

, ,

Mu ltiplica tion) and I h ave s ev e ral no t so ve ry far fr o m

,

o u —
o ne at B eck enh am t w o at B alh am t wo a t H e r ne
y , ,

Hill o ne at P eckh am — so th ere is ever y ch ance o f m y

,

b ei ng s o m ewh ere near you bef or e th e yea r 1 979 I f so .

,

m ay I call ? I am very s o rry yo u r neck is no be tt e r and I ,

wish th ey wo uld tak e yo u to Margate : Margat e air will m ak e

a ny b o d y we ll o f a ny thi ng .

I t s ee ms you h ave alr eady go t my two b oo ks ab o ut A li ce .

H av e yo u als o go t Th e H u nti ng o f th e Snark ? I f no t I

“ ”
,

sh o uld b e very gl ad to s end yo u o ne Th e pi ctur es (by Mr . .

H oliday ) a e pretty : and yo u nee d n t read th e ve rs e s u nl ess

r
’

yo u h ke .

H o w d o you prono u nce y o ur s u rnam e ? esk weej ? or “ -

”

h ow ? Is it G e rm an nam e ?
a

I f yo u can d o D oubl ets with h ow m any li nks d o you

“
,
”

turn K A TH i nt o L E E N ?
With ki nd re m e mbrance s to yo ur m o th er I am ,

Yo u r affecti o nat e fri end

C H A R L E S L D ODG SON
,

(a lia s L E W I S C A RR OL L
.

“
 L E WI S CA RROLL 417

CH . CH .
, OX FOR D ,
ya nu a iy 20, 1 8 92 .

MY DE A R KA TH L EE N — So m e m o nths ago I h eard fro m

, ,

my cou si n May Wil co x th at yo w er e engaged to b e m ar

, , u

ri ed A nd eve r si nce I h ave ch e rish e d th e i nt enti o n of

.
, ,

writi ng to o ffe r my co ngr at u l ati o ns So m e m ight say Wh y .

,

no t writ e a t o n To su ch u nr eas o ni ng cr eatur es th e

" ”
ce ,

o bvi o us r e ply is Wh e n yo u h av e b o ttl ed s o m e p ecu li arly

,
“

fi ne P o rt d o you usu ally b egi n to dri nk it a t o n e 3

,
I s no t c

th at a b eau tiful simil e ? Of co urs e I need n t rem ark th at , o

my co ngratul ati o ns a e lik e fi ne Old P o rt o nly fi ner and

r —
,

Old er !
A cce pt my d ear o ld fri end my h ea r tiest wish e s fo h appi
, , r

ne ss o f all s o rts and siz e s fo r y o urs elf and fo r him wh o m yo u

, , ,

h ave ch o s en as y o ur o th er s elf A nd m ay yo u l o ve o ne ano th er

.

with a l ove s eco nd o nl y to yo u r l o y e fo Go d a l ove th at will

_ _
r —

l ast thr o ugh bright d ays and dark d ays in Sick ne ss and in ,

h ealth thro ugh life and throu gh d eath

,
.

A few y ears ago I went in th e co urs e o f ab o ut thr ee m o nths

, ,

to th e weddi ngs o f thr ee o f my o ld child fri e nds But w d -

. e

di ngs ar e no t v e ry e xhil arati ng s cene s fo a mis erabl e o ld r

bach el o r ; and I thi nk y o u ll h ave to ex cus e m e fro m attendi ng

’

y ou r s .

H o weve r I h ave so far co nce rne d mys elf in it th at I actu all y

,

d r ea m ed ab o ut it a few nights ago I dr eam e d th at yo u h ad

h ad a ph o t o gr aph d o ne o f th e we ddi ng p arty and h ad s ent m e -
,

a co py o f it A t o ne sid e st o o d a gr o up o f l ad ies am o ng
wh o m I m ad e o u t th e face s o f D o lly and N i nt y and in th e
.
,

fo regr o u nd s eat e d in a b o at w ere two p eopl e a g entl em an

, , ,

and a l ady I th ink (co uld th ey h ave b een th e brid egr o o m and

th e brid e ? ) engag e d in th e natural and usu al o ccup ati o n fo a r

ri versid e pi cni c— pulli ng a Christm as crack e r I h av e no id ea

what put su ch an id ea i nt o my h ead I nev er saw crack ers .

us e d in s u ch a s cene
I h o p e y ou r m o th e r g o e s o n we ll With ki nd e st r egards to .

2 8
4 18 TH E LI FE A N D L E TTE RS OF

h er and y our fath er and l o ve to y o ur sist ers— and to yo urself

,

if H E d o e s n t o bj ect — I am
’
to o , ,

Y ou rs affectionately
C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

P . S— ve r giv e w eddi ng pres ents ;

. I ne -
so pl eas e r egard th e
encl o s e d as an u nwedd ing pr e s e nt .

CH C H OX FOR D ,
D
. .
,

ecem ber 8, 1 8 97 .

DE R K EE —Many th anks fo th e ph o t o o f y
M Y A TH L A N , ou r r

s elf and y o ur fi a n é whi ch duly reach ed m e J anu ary 3 8 9

c , 2 , 1 2 .

A ls o fo a weddi ng ard whi ch r each e d m e A ugust 8

r c
-
, 89 2 , 1 2.

N eith e r o f th e s e fav o urs I fear was eve r ack no wl e dg ed O ur

h as b een th at o n D ece mb e r 3
, , .

o nl y co mm u ni cati o n si nce , , 1 ,

1 89 I s ent yo a bis cu it b o ad o r ne d w ith

2, u -
L o o ki ng Gl ass
x -

p ictur es This yo never ack nowl edged ; so I was pro p erly

. u

s erv e d fo my negligence I h o p e y ou r littl e d aught er of

r

wh o s e arrival M s E s chw eg e t old m e in D ece mb er 8 93 h as

.
,

r .
,
1 ,

b een b eh avi ng well ? H o w qui ckly th e y ears sl ip by ! I t s eems

o nly y st e rd ay th at I m et o n th e railw ay a littl e girl wh o was
e , ,

t ak ing a sk e t ch o f Oxf rd ! o

Y o ur affecti o nat e o ld fri end

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

Th e
fo ll o w i ng v e rs e s w e re i n s cr i b e d in a co py
th e
’
of A l i ce s A d v e nt u r e s
“
, pr e s e nt e d to t h re e
M i ss D r u r ys i n A u g u s t ,
1 8 69

To th r ee p u z z led little gi r ls, f r om th e A u th or .

Three littl e m aid ens w ary o f th e rail e ,

Thr ee pairs o f littl e ears list e ni ng to a tal e ,

Three littl e h ands h eld o t in readi ne ss u ,

F o r thr ee littl e puzzl e s v e ry h ard to gu e ss .

420 TH E LI FE A N D L E TTE RS OF L E WI S CA RR OL L
Th e x t t h r e e l e t t e rs w e re a ddr e ss e d to t w o
ne
’
o f M r A r t h u r H u gh e s ch i ldr e n
. Th e y ar e g o o d .

e x a mpl e s o f th e w i ld a nd d e l i gh t fu l n o ns e ns e w i t h

w h i ch L e w i s C a rr o ll u s e d t o a m u s e h i s l i t t l e
fr i e nds

MY DE A R Y o u l azy thi ng
A GN E s, — Wh at ? I m t divid e ’
o

th e kiss e s mys elf am I I nd ee d I wo n t t ak e th e tr o ubl e t o

’
,

d o anythi ng o f th e s o rt B t I ll t ell you h ow to d o it First

’
u .
,

you must t ak e f ou r o f th e kiss e s and and th at r e mi nds m e o f

—
,

a v e ry curi o us th ing th at h app ene d t o m e at h alf p ast fo ur -

y e st erday Three visit o rs cam e k no cki ng at my d o o r b eggi ng

.
,

m e t o let th em in A nd wh e n I Op ene d th e d o o r wh o d o you

.
,

thi nk th ey w er e Y o u ll never g u e ss Wh y th ey w ere three

’
.
,

cats ! Was n t it cu ri o us ? H o w eve r th ey all l o o k ed so cr o ss

’
,

and dis agr eeabl e th at I t oo k u p th e first thi ng I co uld lay

my h and o n (whi ch h app ened to be th e ro lli ng pin) and -

k nock ed th e m all d own as fl at as pan cak e s ! I f you co m e - “

k nocki ng at my d o o r I said I sh all co m e k no cki ng at you r

,
”
,
“

h eads Th at was fair was n t it ?

”
.
,
’ ”

Yo urs affecti o nat ely

L E W I S C A RR OL L
,

MY DE A R A GN E s — A b o ut th e cats yo u k now Of co urs e

, , .

I did n t l eav e th e m lyi ng fl at o n th e gr o u nd lik e dri e d fl wers

’
o

no I pick e d th e m up and I was as ki nd as I co uld b e to th e m

, , .

I l ent th e m th e p o rtfo li o fo a b ed th e y wo uld n t h ave b een

’
r —

co mfo rt abl e in a r eal b e d yo u k no w th ey we r e to o thi n but

, : —

th ey were qu ite h appy b e t ween th e sh eets o f bl o tti ng pap e r -

and each o f th e m h ad a p en wip e r for a pill o w Well th en I

- .
,

w ent to b ed b u t first I l ent th e m th e three di nner b ells to

: -
,

ring if th ey want ed anythi ng in th e night .

Y o u k now I h av e th r ee d inne r b ells — th e first (whi ch i th e -

s
A RTH U R UG E D U G ERHT A G N E S.

rr ll )
H H S AND H I S A

( F
ro m aph r ph by L wi
otog a e s Ca o .
 THE LI FE AN D L ETTE RS OF

l arge st ) is ru ng wh en di nne r is nea r ly ready th e s eco nd (whi ch

is rath e r l arger) is ru ng wh en it is quit e r eady ; and th e third
( whi ch is as l arg e as th e o th e r t wo p u t t o g e th e r ) is ru ng all t h e

tim e I am at di nner Well I t old th e m the y might r i ng if th e y

.
,

h app ened to want anythi ng — and as th ey rang a ll th e b ells a ll ,

night I supp o s e th e y did w ant s o m e thi ng o r o th e r o nly I was

, ,

too sl epy to att end t o th e m

e .

I n th e m o r ning I g av e th e m s o m e r at tail j elly and butt e r e d -

mi ce fo r br eakfast and th ey we r e as dis cont ent e d as th ey co u ld

,

be . Th ey want ed s o m e b o il e d p eli can but o f co urs e I k new ,

it w ou ld n t b e g o o d fo r th e m So all I s aid was Go to N umb er

’
.

Tw o F inb o o gh R oad and ask fo r A g ne s H u gh e s and if it s

’
,
r u , ,

y g o o d fo yo u sh e ll giv e yo u s o m e Th en I sh oo k h ands
’ ”
r ea ll r ,
.

with th em all and w ish e d th em all go o dby e and drov e th em up

, ,

th e chim ne y Th e y s ee m ed ve ry s o rry to go and th ey t o o k th e

.
,

b ells and th e p o rtfo li o with th e m I d id n t fi nd this o u t till

'
’
’
.

aft e r th ey h ad g o ne and th e n I was s o rry to o and wish e d fo r

:

, ,

th e m b ack again Wh at d o I m ean by th em ? N ever

.
“ ”

mi nd .

H o w ar e A rth u r and A m y and E mily ? Do th ey still go up

, ,

and d o wn Fi nb o r o ugh R oad and t each th e ca ts t o b e ki nd t o ,

m ice ? I m very fo nd o f all th e cats in F inb o o u gh R oad ‘

’
r .

Gi ve th em my l o v e .

Wh o d o I m ean by th em “

N ev e r mi nd .

Y o ur affectio nat e friend

L E W I S C A RR OL L
,

MY DE A R A MY H w e yo g tti ng o n I w o nd er with
,
- o ar u e , ,

gu e ssi ng th o se pu les fr o m Wo nd erl and ? I f yo thi nk

’

zz
“ ”
u

y o u v e fo u nd o t any o f th e ans wers yo m ay s end th e m to

’
u , u

m e and if th ey r e wr o ng I w o n t t ell yo th ey r right !

’ ’ ’
, u e

Yo a sk d m e a ft r th o s e thr e e cats Ah ! Th e d ear

‘

u e e .

cr eatur e s Do yo k no w e v e r si nce th at night th ey first came:

u ,

th ey have never lef t m e 9 I s n t it kind o f th em Tell A g nes .

’
 THE LI FE AN D LE T
TE RS OF

to m e — and s o o n aft er by di nt o f i nce ssant i nquiri es I fo u nd

, ,

o u t th at sh e was ca ll e d Maggi e and liv e d in a Cr e s ce nt ! Of ,

co urs e I d e cl ar e d A ft er th at (th e l angu ag e I us ed d oe s n t

“ ” ’
,

m att er) I will not addre ss h e th at s fl at ! So d o no t

,
r,
’

e xp ect m e t o fl att er .

Well I h o pe yo u w ill s o o n see y o ur b el o v d P a co m e b ack

,
e

— fo r co nsid e r sh o uld
yo u b e quit e co nt ent with o nly J ack ?
,

Just supp o s e th ey m ad e a blu nd e r (Su ch thi ngs h app en no w

and th e n ) R eally no w I Sh o uld n t w o nd e r if y o ur J oh n ’ “ ”
.
, ,

cam e h o m e agai n and y o ur fath e r sta y e d at s ch o o l !

, A m o st
awkw ard thi ng no d o ubt H o w w o uld yo u r ece ive h im ?
,
.

Yo u ll say p erh aps y o u d turn h im o u t

’
, ,
“
Th at wo uld
’ ”
.

ans we r we ll so far as co nce rns th e b o y yo u k no w

,
but con ,
—

sid er y o ur P apa l earni ng l ess o ns in a ow o f great i nky s ch oo l

,
r

b o ys ! This (th o ugh u nlik ely ) might o ccur H aly w o uld :

b e gri e v ed to miss him (d o n t m e nti o n it to h e )

’
r .

N o a r te h as yet b een d o ne o f m e th at d o e s r eal j u sti ce to

c ,

my sm ile ; and so I h ardly lik e yo u see to s end yo u o ne , , .

H ow eve r I ll co nsid er if I will o no t m eanwhil e I s end a

,
’
r —
,

littl e thi ng to giv e yo u an id ea o f wh at I l o o k lik e wh en I m ’

l ecturi ng Th e m erest sk et ch you will all o w yet still I th ink

.
,
—

th er e s s o m e thi ng grand in th e e xpr essi o n of th e bro w and in

’

th e acti o n o f th e h and .

H ave yo u read my fairy tal e in A u nt yztdy s Maga z ine 9 I f ’

.

yo u h av e yo will no t fail to dis co v e r wh at I m ean wh en I say

u

a o y e st e rd ay ca m e t o r e mi nd m e th at h e was my
“
god
o n th e gr o u nd th at I gav e him a nam e !
”— “ ”
so n !

Y o u r affecti onat e fri end

C L D ODG SON
,

. . .

P S — I wo
. . uld s end if I we r e no t too Sh y th e sam e m e ssag e
, ,

to H aly that sh e (th o ugh I d o no t d es e rve it no t I h as ,

s ent through h er sist er to m e My b e st l o v e to y o urs elf— to .

y o ur Mo th er my ki nd e st r egards to y o ur sm all fat im per ti —

, ,

nent ig no rant br o th e r my h atr e d

, I thi nk th at is all . .
 L E WI S CA RROL L 4 25

MY DE A R M A GG I E — I am a v e ry b ad co rresp ond ent I fear

, , ,

but I h ope yo u wo n t l eave Off writi ng to m e o n th at acco u nt

’
.

I go t th e littl e b oo k s af and will d o m y b est ab o ut p u tti ng my

e,

nam e in if I can o nly m anag e to r e m e mb er wh at d ay my

,

birthday is— but o ne fo rg ets th e se thi ngs so easily .

WHAT I
F r
L OO K L I KE WH E N I
’
M L E TU R I
rr ll )
C N G .

d r a w ing by L ew is Ca
( m o a o .

So e m b o d y
t o ld m e (a littl e bird I supp o s e) th at yo u h ad
,

b een h avi ng b ett e r ph o t o graphs d o ne of yo urs elv e s I f so I .

,

h o p e yo u will let m e buy co pi es Fanny will pay you fo r .

th e m B u t oh Maggi e h o w ca n you ask fo r a b ett er o ne o f

.
, ,

me th an th e o n e I s e n t ! I t is o ne o f th e b e st ev er d o ne !
426 TH E L I FE A N D L E TTE R S OF

u
S c h gr ace su ch dig n ity ,
su ch b e ne v o l,
e nce su ch — as a gr eat ,

s ecre t (pl ea s e d o n t re p eat it) th e Ou een s ent to ask for a co py

’

o f it but as it is ag ai nst my rul e to giv e in su ch a cas e I was

, ,

o bl ig e d to answ e r
“
M D o dgs o n pre s ents his co mplim ents to h e Maj e sty
r .
r ,

and r egr e ts to say th at h is rul e is ne v e r t o giv e h is ph o t o gr aph

e x ce pt to y ou ng l adi e s I am t o ld sh e was anno y e d ab ou t it

. ,

and s aid I m no t so o ld as all th at co m e s to ! and o ne

“ ’ ”
,

d o s n t lik e to anno y Qu e ens ; but r eally I co uld n t h elp it

e
’ ’
,

yo u k no w .

I w i lll d e t h i s ch ap t e r w i t h s o m e r e m ini
co nc u

s ce nce s o f L e w i s C a rr o ll w h i ch h a v e b e e n k i ndl y
,

s e nt m e b a n o ld ch i ld fr i e nd o f h i s M rs M a i t
-
y , .

l and d au gh t e r o f th e l a t e R e v E A L i t t o n
,
. . .
,

R e cto r o f N a u nto n a nd fo rm e rl y F e ll o w o f O r i e l
,

C o ll eg e and V i cePr i nci pal o f S ai nt E dm u nd s

’
-

H all

To my mi nd Oxfo rd will h e nev e r qu it e th e sam e agai n

no w th at so m any o f t h e d ear o ld fri ends o f o ne s childh o od
’

hav e go ne o v er to th e great m aj o rity .

”

Oft en in th e twilight wh en th e fli ck e ri ng fi eligh t d anced

, , r

o n th e o ld wai ns co tt e d w all h av e we — fath e r and I

,
ch att e d —

o v e r t h e o ld Oxfo rd d ays and fri e nds and th e m e rry tim e s we

,

all h ad t o g e th e r in L o ng Wall Str ee t I was a ne rvo us thi n

.
, ,

re m arkably u gly child th en and fo r So m e years I was l eft

,

alm o st e ntir ely t o th e car e o f Mar

y P ears o n m y o wn p arti cu l ar
I first r e m e mb er Mr D o dgs o n w h en I was ab o ut
,

att e nd ant . .

s ev en year s old and fro m th at tim e u ntil we w ent to live in

,

Gl o u ce st ershir e h e was o ne o f my m o st d elightful fri e nds

I Sh all never fo rge t h o w Mr D o dgs on and I sat o nce u nd er
.

.
42 8 TH E L I FE A N D L ETTE RS OF

My h air great tro ubl e to m e as a child fo r it wo uld

was a , ,

t angl e and Mary was no t to o p ati e nt with m e as I t wist e d

, ,

ab o ut whil e sh e w as tryi ng t o dr e ss it One d ay I r ecei ved .

a l o ng blu e e nv e l o p e addr e ss e d to mys elf whi ch co nt ai ne d a

st o ry l ette r full o f drawi ngs fro m Mr D o dgs o n Th e first

,

-
.
, , .

pi cture was o f a littl e girl— with h e h at o ff and h er tumbl e d r

h air ve ry mu ch n ev i d ence— asl eep o n a r u sti c b ench u nd er

I

a b ig tr ee by th e riv e rsid e and two birds h o ldi ng wh at w as , ,

evid e ntly a v e ry imp o rt ant co nv e rs ati o n ab ove in th e branch e s , ,

th eir h eads o n o ne sid e ey eing th e sl eepi ng child Th en th er e

, .

was a pi ctur e o f th e birds fly ing up to th e child with twigs and

straw in th e ir b eaks prepari ng to build th eir ne st in h er h air
, .

N ext cam e th e aw ak eni ng w ith th e ne st co mpl e t ed and t h e , ,

m o th er bird sitti ng o n it wh il e th e fath e r bird fl ew ro u nd th e

- -

fright ened child An d th en l astl y h u ndr eds o f birds th e air

.
, ,
—

thi ck with th e m th e child fl e ei ng sm all b o ys with tin trump ets

—
,

rais ed to th e ir lips to add to th e co nfusi o n and Mary arm ed , ,

with a b ask e t o f brush e s and co mbs bri ngi ng up th e r ear ! ,

Aft er this wh enev er I was r e sti ve w hil e my h air was b ei ng

,

arrang e d Mar y wo uld Sh o w m e th e pi ctur e o f th e child with

,

th e ne st o n h er h ead and I at o nce b ecam e as qui e t as a

“
,

l amb .
”

I h ad a d aily g o v e r ne ss a d ear o ld s o ul wh o us e d to co m e
, , .

ev e ry m o r ning t o t each m e I dislik e d p arti cu l arly th e l arg e

.

l ett er ed co pi e s whi ch sh e u s e d to se t m e ; and as I co nfid ed

this to Mr D o dgs on h e cam e and gave m e s o m e co pi e s him
.
,

s elf Th e o nly ones whi ch I can re m e mb er were P ati ence

.
“

and wat e r gru e l cur e g o ut (I always w o nd er ed wh at g o ut

” “ ”
-

m ight b e) and L ittl e girls sh o uld b e s een and not h eard

“

( whi c h I th o ught u n ki nd ) Th e s e we r e writt e n m a.n y tim e s

o v e r a nd I h ad to pr e s ent th e p ag e s to h im with o ut o ne bl o t
, ,

or smudg e at th e end o f th e week

, .

One o f th e Fe ll ows o f Magd al en C o ll eg e at th at tim e was a

M Saul a fri e nd o f my fath e r s and o f M r D o dgs o n and
r. ,
’
.
,

a gr eat l o v e r o f musi c his r o o ms we re fu ll o f m u si cal instr u

—
 L E I VI S CA RR OL L 429

m ents o f ev ery s or t M D o dgs o n and fath er and I all went

. r.

o ne aft er no o n t o pay him a visit A t th at tim e h e was mu ch

.

i nt ere ste d in th e big drum and we fo u nd h im wh en we arriv ed

,

in full practi ce with h is musi c b o o k o p e n b e fo r e h im

,
-
He .

m ad e us all j o i n in th e co nce rt Fath e r u nd e rt o o k th e cell o ’

and Mr D o dgs o n hu nt e d up a co mb and s o m e p ap e r and

.
,

.
, ,

amidst m u ch fu n and l au ght e r th e w alls ech o e d w ith th e

,

fi nish e d r o ll o r shake of th e big drum— a ro ll th at was M

, , r.

Saul s d elight
’
.

My fath er di ed o n A ugu st 2 7 8 97 and Mr D o dgs o n o n ,

1 , .

J anu ary 1 4 1 8 98 A nd we wh o a e l eft b ehi nd in this co ld

, .
,
r ,

wear y wo rld can o nly h o p e w e m ay s o m e d ay m ee t th e m

agai n Till th en o h ! Fath e r and my d ear old childh oo d s ’
.
, ,

fri end r equ iesca tis in pa ce I

,
432 B I B L I OGRA P HY
Th e u nciati o ns Of E u clid B oo ks I and I I
En
O fo rd P r i nt e d at th e U nive rsity
. .
,

General L ist o f (Math e m ati cal ) Sub j ects and Cy cl e ,

fo r Wo rki ng E x ampl e s Oxfo rd Pri nt e d at th e

”
:

University Pre ss
.

C o q u é t C astl e s (A new gam e i nv ent e d by th e R ev

”
r

C L D o dgs o n) L o nd o n (P) Pp 4 (R epri nt ed

. .

. . . . .
,

with additi o ns and alt erati o ns in 1 8 66 at Oxfo rd ) , .

Th e N ew E x ami nati o n St at ut e (A l ett e r to th e

”
.

Vi ce Ch ancell o r ) Pp 2 4 to
-
Oxfo rd
. .
,
. .

A Guid e to th e Math e m ati cal Stud e nt in R eadi ng ,

R e vi ew ing and Wo rki ng E x ampl e s B y Ch arl e s

”

L u twid ge D o dgs o n
.
,

P art I Pure Math em ati cs . . .

Oxfo rd Park e r Two l eaves and pp 7 8 vo

: . . 2 , .

Stit ch e d I S

Th e D y nami cs o f a P arti cle w ith an E x cursus o n

. .

-
,

th e N e w Me th o d o f E v alu ati o n as appli e d to

Oxfo rd : V i ncent Pp 2 8 8 vo (Three editi o ns )

. .
,
. .

A li ce s A dv e ntur e s in Wond e rl and B y L e wis

’ ”
.

C arr o ll with fo rty two illustrati ons by J o h n

,
-

T enni el L o nd o n Macmill an Pp 1 9 cr 8 vo
. : . . 2, . .

Cl o th gilt edg es 63
, . .

Th e I st e diti o n (r ecall e d ) was pri nt e d in O fo rd and x ,

is v er y r ar e ; all subs equ e nt e diti o ns (1 8 65

o nw ards by i ch ard Cl ay in L o nd o n
) R N ow .

in its 8 6th th o us and [P e o pl e s E diti o n pri ce

’
.
,

2 5 6d .first publish ed in 1 8 8 7 N ow in its 7o th

. .

th o usand ]
‘
C o nd ensati o n o f D et ermi nants b eing a new and ,

bri ef m eth o d fo r co mputi ng th eir arithm e ti cal

valu e s B y th e R ev C L D o dgs o n
. Fr o m . . . .

“
Th e Pr ocee di ngs o f th e R o y al So ci ety N o 8 4 ,
.
,

L o nd o n Tayl o r and Francis Pp 8 : . .

,

8 vo
l em enta ry Treatis e o n D ete rm i nants
.

A n -E . L on don
 B I B LI OGRAP H Y 43 3

Macmill an .
(Pri nt ed in Ox fo rd .
) Pp viii + 1 4 3
.
,

4 to . Cl o th 1 0 5 6d . . .

Th e Fifth B o o k o f E u clid Tr eat e d A lg e brai cally so ,

far as it r el at es to C o mm ensurabl e Mag nitud e s ”

B y Ch arl e s L D o dgs o n
.

With no t es . Oxfo rd . .

and L o nd o n : P ark e r Two l eav e s and pp 3 7 . .

,

8 vo . I n wrapp e r 15 6d . . .

A lg e brai cal Fo rmul ae fo r R e sp o nsi o ns Oxfo rd

Pri nt ed at th e U niversity Pre ss
.

Th e T el egraph Ciph e r (I nve nt ed I n 1 8 6 8 by the ”

R ev C L D o dgs o n )
.
, ,

. . . .

Ph ant asm ago ria and o th er P o ems B y L ewis C arr o ll . .

L o nd o n : Macmill an (Pri nt ed in Oxfo rd ) Pp . . .

viii+ 2 z sm all 8 vo Cl o th gilt edge s

o , .
, .

A v e ntur e s d Alice au P ays d e Merv e ill e s P ar L ewis

’ ”
.

C arro ll o u vrage illustré d e 4 vig nett e s par J o h n

,
2

Tenni el Traduit d e l angl ais pa H B u é

.
’
,
r . .

L o nd o n : Macmill an Pp 96 cr 8 vo Cl o th . . 1 , . .
,

gilt edg e s 65 (N o w in its 2 nd th o us and )

. . .

A li ce s A b ent eu e r im Wu nd e rl and Vo n L ewis

’
.

C arro ll mit zwe iu ndvi e rzig I llustrati o nen von

,

J o h n Te nniel U eb er set t vo n A nt o ni e Z imm e r

. z

m ann L o nd on Macmill an Pp 1 78 c 8 vo
. : . .
,
r . .

Cl o th gilt edg es 65
,
. .

Gaz ette E xtrao rdi nary Oxfo rd Pri nt ed at th e ”

:

U niversity Press
.

A lg ebrai cal F o rmul ae and R ul e s Oxfo rd Pri nt ed :

at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
.

A rithm eti cal F o r m u lee and R ul e s Oxfo rd Pri nt e d :

at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
.

To all Child R ead e rs o f A li ce s A dv e ntur e s in ‘ ’

Wo nd erl and Pp 4 .
’
. .

Thr o ugh th e L o oki ng Gl ass and wh at A li ce fo u nd -

th ere B y L ewis C arr o ll With fifty illustrati o ns

. .

by J o h n T e nni el L ond o n Macmill an Pp 4 . : . . 22 ,

29
4 34 B I B L I OGRA P HY

cr . 8 voCl o th gilt edg e s 65 N o w in it

.
,
. .

6 1 5 t th o us and

[P eo pl e s e dit io n
’
Pri ce 5 6d First publish
. e d in 2 . .

1 88 7 N o w in its 4 6th th o us and ]

.

L e A vv entur e d A lice nel P ae s e d ell a Meravigli e

’
.

P e L e wis C arr o ll Trad o tt e dall inglese da T ’

r . .

P ietr ocOla R o ss e tti C o n 4 2 vig ne tt e di Gi o v anni

- .

T enni el L o nd o n : Macmill an Pp 1 8 9 cr 8 vo
. . .
,
. .

Cl o th gilt e dg e s 65
,
. .

Circu lar to H o spitals o ff e ring co pi es o f th e two A li ce “

b oo ks L o nd o n Macmill an
. : .

Symb o ls & c t o b e us e d in E u clid B o o ks I and I I

Oxfo rd Pri nt e d at th e U niv e rsity
. .
, , , .

N umb e r o f Pr o p o siti o ns n E u clid Oxfo rd : Print ed

”
I

at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
.

Th e N ew B elfry of Christ Chur ch Oxfo rd A Mo no

graph B y D C L Oxfo rd : P ark er Pp
.
,

. . . . . .

cr 8 vo. I n w rapp er
. 6d (Five editi o ns ) . .

E nu nci ati o ns E u clid I VI O fo rd : Pri nt ed at th e — x

U niversity Press
.
, , .

Obj ecti o ns submitt ed to th e G o v er ni ng B o d v o f

,

Christ Church Oxfo rd agai nst certai n pr o p o s ed , ,

alt e r ati o ns in th e Gr eat Qu adrangl e Oxfo rd

”
:

Pri nt ed at th e U niv ersity Pre ss Pp 4 4 to

.

. . .
,

[ Pri n t e d fo r Priv at e Cir cul ati o n ]

Th e Visi o n o f th e Thr ee T s A Thr eno dy

“ ’ ”
. .

B y th e A u th o r o f Th e N ew B elfry Oxfo rd
“
. :

P ark er Pp 3 7+ 3 8 vo I n wrapp er 9d (Thr ee

. .
, . . .

e diti o ns )

A D is cussi o n o f th e Vari o us Mo d e s o f Pr oce dur e in

.

co ndu cti ng E l ecti o ns Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed at th e

”

U niversity Pr ess
.

E u clid B o o k V Pr o v e d A lg e brai cally

,
. so fa as it ,
r

r el at es to C o m m e n sur abl e Mag nitud e s To w hi ch .

is pre fix ed a summ ary of all th e necessary algebrai cal

436 B I B L I OGRA P H Y

fri ends fo hi nts

m atical N o t yet publish ed r .

was pr int e d ab o v e titl e ] .

Th e Pr o fe ss o rship o f C o mp arativ e Ph il o l o gy (Three

l eafl ets ) Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed at th e U niv e rsity
.

Pre ss .

A Meth o d o f t aki ng Vo t e s o f m o r e th an two I ssu e s

Oxfo rd : Print e d at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
.

Pp 0 . . 2 ,

cr . 8 vo .

[ o
A n t e o n th e titl e page ru ns as fo ll o ws -
As I :
“

h o p e to i nv e stigat e this s u b j ect fu rth er and to ,

publish a m o re co mpl et e pamphl et o n th e sub

j cet I sh all feel gr eatly o bl ig ed if yo u will ent e r
,

in this co py any r e m arks th at o ccu r to yo u and ,

r e tur n it to m e any tim e b e fo r e

L e tt e r and Qu e sti o ns to H o spit als Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed

at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
.

A n E ast e r Gr ee ti ng
”
.

[ R epri nt e d in L o nd o n by M acmill an C o in ,
.
,

1 880]
Fam e s P enny Trump et N o t publish ed Oxfo rd
’
. .

B axt e r Pp 4 4 to [A ft e rwards publish ed in

. .
,
.

R hym e ? and
Th e Hu nti ng o f th e Snark A n A g o ny in E ight .
,

Fits B y L ewis Carro ll With ni ne illustrati o ns

. .

by H enry H oliday L o nd o n Macmill an Pp . : . .

xi + 8 3 8 vo Cl o th gilt edge s 4 5 6d
, .
,
. .

Th e R esp o nsi o ns of Hil ary T e rm 1 8 77 ( A l e tt e r , .

to th e Vi ce Ch ancell o r ) Oxfo rd : Pri nt e d at th e

-

U niversity Press
.

A Ch ar ad e (Writt en with a cy cl o styl e ) Pp 4

”

Wo rd L i nks (A g am e aft er wards call ed D o ubl ets

. . . .

i nv ent e d by th e R ev C L D o dgs o n ) Oxfo rd

.
, ,

Pri nt ed at th e U nive rsity Pre ss Pp 4 8 vo

. . . .

. . .
,

Th
[ e re is als o a fo rm w r itt en w ith a cy cl o styl e
]
D ou bl ets A Wo rd P u zzl e B y L ewis Carroll
.

”
-
. . .
 B I B LI OGRAP HY 43 7

L ond o n Macmill an P p 73 8 vo Cl o th 2 5 . .
'

, . . .

2 nd editi o n
( ,

E u clid and H is Mo d er n R ivals L o nd o n : Macmill an . .

8 vo Cl o th 65 ( nd ed it on 1 8 8 5 2 I 1 8 79
D ou bl ets A Wo rd Puzzl e B y L ewis C arroll
. . . .
,
” -
’

Oxfo rd Pri nt ed at th e U niv ersit y Pr e ss

. . .

: Pp 8 . . .

8 vo .

[This Puzzl e a pp ear e d in Va n ity F a ir A pril 1 9 , ,

L e tt e r fr o m Mab el to E mily To illustr at e co mm o n .

”

e rr o rs in l e tt e r writi ng
(Writt en with a cy cl o styl e )
-
. . 1 8 80
L iz e s A vo nt u r en in h et Wo nd erl and
’ ”
N aar h et
A D ut ch v e rsi o n o f A li ce in Wo nd er
.

E ngelsch [ “

N i j m eg e n
.

4 to . .

On C at chi ng C o ld (A p amphl ”
e t co nsisti ng of

extracts fr o m two b o o ks b y D r I nm an )
.
,

Oxfo rd
Pri nte d at th e U niv ersity Pr ess
. .

J abb e rwo cky (L ewis C arro ll s P o em with A A

.
’
, . .

Vansitt art s L ati n r end eri ng ) Oxfo rd

’
Pri nt e d :

at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
.

N o ti ce r e C o nco rd ance to I n Me m o ri am Oxfo rd“

Pri nt ed at th e U niv ersity Pre ss

.

L an ick
r A G am e fo r Tw o Pl ay ers Oxfo rd
Pri nt ed at th e U niversity Pre ss
. .

Sch o o l o f D r am ati c A r t
.

A Circul ar ab ou t th e
“

Oxfo rd Pri nt ed at th e U niv ersit y Pr ess

.

: .

A n A nalysis o f th e R esp onsi o ns L ists fr o m M i ch ael —

m as 1 8 73 to M i ch aelm as Oxfo rd Pri nt ed

'

at th e U ni ve rsity Pr e ss
, , ,

Circul ar aski ng for sugg e sti o ns for a Girls E diti o n o f ’

Sh ak esp ear e Ox fo rd : Pri nt ed at th e U ni versity

.

Press .

[T w o diff e r e nt fo rms o n e pp t h e o th e r pp
, . 2, .

E u clid B o o ks I
, and I I .L o nd o n Macmill an . .

Pri nt ed in Oxfo rd Pp i+ 1 0 8 8 vo Cl o th 2 5 . . x . . . . 1 88 2
[Seven editi o ns wer e s u bs e qu entl y publish ed ]
43 8 B I B L I OGRAP H Y

Dr ml and A So ng Wo rds by L ewis C arroll ;

ea . .

musi c by R ev C E Hutchi ns o n Oxfo rd Pri nt ed :

at th e U niv e rsity Pr e ss
. . . .

Mis chm as ch (A gam e i nv ent ed b yth e R e v C L

D odgs on ) Oxford Pri nt ed at th e U niv ers ity

. . . .

. :

Press Two editi o ns

. .

R hym e ? and R eas on ? B y L ewis C arr oll With ”

.

sixty fi ve ill u strati ons by A rthur B Fro st and ni ne

-
.
,

by H enry H o lid ay L o nd on Macmill an Pp . : . .

x ii + 14 cr
2 8 vo Cl o th 75 (N ow in its 6th
, . . . .

th o usand ) .

[This b oo k is a r epri nt with a few additi ons o f , ,

Th e Hu nti ng o f th e Snark
“
and o f th e ,
”

co mi c p o rti o ns o f Ph antasm ago ria and Oth er “

P oems .

L aw n T e nnis T o ur nam ents t h e Tru e Me th o d o f :

A ssig ni ng Priz e s with a Pr oo f o f th e Fall acy o f th e,

Pr es ent Meth o d L o nd o n Macmill an Pri nt ed . : .

in Oxfo rd 8 vo . .

R ul e s fo r R eck o ni ng P o st ag e Oxfo rd : B axt e r . .

Twelv e Mo nths in a Curat o rship B y One wh o h as .

tri ed it Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed by E B axte r Pp 5

. . . . 2,

8 vo
uppl e m ent to D itt o Oxfo rd Pri nt e d by E B axt er
.

S . : . .

Pp 8 8 vo
P o sts cript to D itt o Oxfo rd Pri nt ed b y E B axt er
. .
,

. : . .

Pp 8 vo
. 2, .

Christm as Greeti ngs L o nd o n Macmill an

”
. : .

Th e Pr o fits o f A uth o rsh ip B y L ewis C arr o ll

”
. .

L o nd o n Macmill an 8 vo 6d : . . . .

Th e Pri ncipl e s o f P arliam ent ary R epr es ent ati o n .

L o nd o n H arris on Pp 5 6 8 vo (R epri nt ed
: . .
, .

in 1 88
S uppl em ent to D itt o. Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed by E . Ba xt er .

Pp 8 8 vo
.
,
. Two
44 6 B I B L I OGRA P HY

Obs e r vati o ns on Mr Samps o n s .

’
Pr o p o s al . Oxfo rd
Pri nted by E B axte r Pp 1 2 8 vo . . .
, .

First P ap er o n L o gi c Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by E . : .

B axt er Pp 8 vo . . 2, .

Fo urth P ap er o n L o gi c Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by E .

’
: .

B axt e r Pp 3 8 vo . .
,
.

Fifth P ap e r o n L ogi c Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by E .

”
: .

B axt er Pp 4 8 vo . .
,
.

Sixth P ap er o n L o gi c Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by E . : .

B axt e r Pp 4 8 vo . .
, .

Qu esti o ns in L o gi c Oxfo rd Pr int ed by E B axt er . . .

Pp 4 fcap fol
.
,
. .

A li ce s A d ve ntur e s in Wo nd erl and and Thr o ugh th e

’

L o o ki ng Gl ass P eo pl e s editi o ns I vo l L o nd o n
-
” ’
. . .

Macmill an Cr 8 vo Cl o th 4 5 6d . . . . . .

Th e Gam e o f L o g ic B y L ewis C arr o ll L o nd o n

”
. .

Macmill an Pp 96 cr 8 vo Cl o th 3 5 . .
, . . . .

Curi o sa Math e m ati ca P art I A N ew Th eo ry o f

P arall els B y C L D o dgs o n L o nd on : Mac
.
,

. . . .

mill an Pp 75 8 vo Cl o th 2 5 (R epri nt ed
. . . . . .

in 8 8 9, 8 90 , and

nwith
1 1

Me m o ria T ech ni ca . W
[ ritt e a c c o y l st yl e ] .

Pp 4 . .

Circul ar B illiards for Two Pl ay ers I nvent ed I n .

,

8 8 9 by L e wis C arr o ll
1 ,
Two editi o ns . .

Sylvi e and B r u no B y L e wis C arr oll With fo rty.

”
.

six illustr ati o ns b y H arry F u r niss L o nd o n Mac .

m ill an Pp iii+ 4 o o cr 8 vo Cl o th gilt edges

. . xx ,
. .
, .

(N o w in its 1 3 th th o us and ) .

e pi ctur e o n p as dr aw n by Miss A li ce
[T h 77 w .

H ave rs ] .

Th e N urs ery A li ce C o ntai ni ng tw ent y co l o ured

‘
.

e nl arg e m ents fro m Tenniel s illustrati ons to ’

A l ice s A dv entur e s in Wo nd erl and With t ext

“ ’ ”
.

ad a t e d to nurs e r r ad e rs b L wis C rr ll Th e
p y e
y e a o .
 B I B L I OGR AP HY
v er d e sig ned and co l o ured by E G ertrud e
co .

Th o ms on L o nd o n Macmill an Pp 5 6 4 to
. : . .
, .

B oards 45 (N o w in its 1 1 th th o us and )

. . .

E ight o r N i ne Wis e Wo rds ab o ut L ett e r W riti ng -

.

B y L e wis C arr o ll Oxfo rd E mb erli n and So n . : .

(N ow in its 5 th e diti on ) .

[This p amphl e t is s o ld with th e Wo nd erl and “

P o stage Stamp C as e publish ed by Messrs , .

E mb erli n and So n ] .

Th e Str ang e r Cir cul ar l eafl e t s t by M ”

(A e n r.

D odgs on to p eo pl e wh o wr ote to h im ab o ut h is
.

L ewis C arr o ll b oo ks addressi ng th e e nv el o p e ”

L D o dgs o n ) Oxfo rd
,

t o R ev C . . Pri nt ed by
. . :

Sh eppard .

Circul ar aski ng fri ends to s end address es o f stati o ners

,

lik ely to s ell th e Wo nd erl and P o st ag e St amp “ ”

-

C as e Oxfo rd Pri nt e d by Sh epp ard

. : .

Circul ar s ent to vari o us H o spit als Offeri ng free co pi e s ,

o f L ewis C arr o ll s b o o ks Oxfo rd Pri nt ed b y ’

. :

Sh epp ard
L ist o f I nstituti o ns to whi ch ab o v e was to b e s ent .

Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by Sh epp ard

: .

Circul ar address ed to th e G o ver ning B o dy o f Christ

,

Chu rch Oxfo rd ab o ut th e pro p o sal to i nvit e M A s

, ,
.
’
.

t o d ine at High Tabl e .

A P o st al Pr o bl em Ju ne 1 8 9 1 ”

D itto Suppl em ent

. .
,

.
,

A Circul ar ab o ut R e sig nati o n o f Curat o rship Oxfo rd .

Pri nted by Sh eppard .

A Circul ar ab o ut u nparli am ent ary wo rds us ed by

“

s o m e co mp e tit o rs in th e Syzygi es co mp etiti o n “ ”

in Th e L a dy Oxfo rd Pri nt e d by Sh epp ard

B y R ud e D o natus
. . .

” ’
C u io sissim a C u ato ia (A
‘
r r r .
.

P amphl et s ent to all r esid ent m emb ers o f Christ

Church C o mm on R o o m ) Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by . :

Sh ep pard .
44 2 B I B L I OGR A P H Y

“
Eighth P ape r o n L o gi c Oxfo rd Pri nt ed by . :

Sh e pp ard .

[
A r evis e d v e rsi o n o f o ne pag e was pri nt e d in s am e

p
ear .

N i nthy P a er on Lo gi c . Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed by Sh ep

No t s to L o
e e g P p rs E ight
ic i a Oxfo rd and N ne .
:

Pri nt ed by Sh eppard .

Curio s a Math em ati ca P art I I I Pill ow Pr o bl e ms , .

,

th o ught o u t d u ri ng wak eful h o urs by C L

D odgson L o nd on Macmillan : Printed in Oxfo rd
. .
,

Pp xvii + 1 0 9 8 vo Cl o th I st and nd editi ons

. .
,

.
, . . 2 .

e pri nt e d in
(R 8 94 1 ,

Syzygi es and L an ick B y L e wis C arr o ll L o nd o n

”
r . .

Th e L a dy o ffi ce Pp 2 6 6d . . .

Sylvi e and B ru no C o nclud ed B y L ewis C arr o ll . .

With forty six illustrati o ns by H arry Furniss

-
.

L o nd o n Macmill an
: Pp xxi + 4 3 cr 8 vo . . 2 , . .

Cl o th gilt edg e s 75 6d (N o w in its 3 d

, . . . r

th o us and ) .

Th e pi ctur e o n p 4 9 was draw n by Miss A l ice

[ . 0

H av ers ]
A D isput e d P o i nt in L o g ic
.

Wh at th e T o rt o is e s aid t o A chill es (R e pri nt e d fr o m

Mind D ece mb e r
.

, Pp 4 ,
. .

A Fas ci nati ng Ment al R ecr eati o n fo r th e Y o u ng (A .

cir cul ar ab o ut Symb o li c L o gi c sig ne d L e w is ,

“

C arro ll ) .

R e sid ent Wo m en Stu d e nts (A C ir cul ar sig ned .

,
“
Ch arl es L Oxfo rd : Pri nt ed by
Sh epp ard .

Symb o li c L ogi c P art I E l e m entary B y L e wis

. . .

C arro ll L o nd o n Macmill an Pp
. i 1 92
: . . x xx j ,

cr . 8 vo Cl o th
. 25
(N o w in its 4 th . .

e diti o n ) .
 I N DE X

A bdy Miss D r a 3 3
,
o ,
1 Ca lv rl y
e e , C S,
. . 152

A lb any Th e Du ch e ss f
,
85 o ,
2 C h ataw ay, Miss G .
3 79
,

A li s A dv ntur e s in W nd r
ce
’
e o e C h val i r A lb rt
e e ,
e , 3 16
l and 0 4 ,
”
1 .
C ir cl e squ ar rs 2 1 6
- e , ,
2 83

A l ic s A dv ntur e s U nd e r
’
e e C ollege Rhy m es, 66

g r o u n d 96 3 6 2 56 ,
”
,
2 , ll g
C o e e Se an , 3 0 7 rv ts
A l ice Op r tt a Th 2 5 2 8 Com ic Tim es, Th e, 62
"
e e ,
e, ,
2 0

A l ic P r inc ss
e, 5 6 97 e ,
1 ,
2 C oo k W ils o n ,
P r of ss r e o ,

A l ice Th e N urs ery

“
, 92 ,
2 3 24
A ll n M s E gert n 3 95
e ,
r . o , r t 5
C of , 1

A nd e rs o n M s 0 ,
r ,
1 2 C u n ningh am , Miss M .
, 4 23
A tk ins n Miss G 4 8o ,
.
,
0

A tk ins o n R F H 23 , 9 ev . . .
,
1, 2 2,

3 61
Da e r sbury
s rt d P r k s Th 2 7
, 9
B
De e e a ,
e, 0

B d n P w ll Si G rg
a e -
o e ,
r eo e, 3 43 De e t rm
inan ts A n E l m nt ,
e e ar v

B ay n R v T V e r
e, 14 e . . e, r ts
T ea i e o n, 0 11

B ennie , Mr s , 99
d s
Do g o n, A c r hd c n 7 5 3 6 ea o , , ,
1,

l
B ank C e h qu e, Th e , 1 64 131

Bo wm an Miss ,
I sa, 2 80 , 3 91 , gs
Do d o n, C a ain, 6 pt
399 » 403
gs
D od o n, Mr s , 8 4 7 ,

B r m er Miss 3 7
e , ,
2 Do th eb oy s H a 68 ll ,

B ru n s R v ng o
’
e e e, 10
9 r ml d
D e a an , 2 2 1
44 6 IN D EX
D rury Miss 3 0 4 8, ,
1 ,
1 H g u h s A rthur 0 2
e , ,
1

D ym s Miss 4 8 H g u h s Miss A g n s 4 0
Hu nting of th Snar k
e 0 e ,
e ,
2
, ,

D y n m i s f a P rti cl
a c o a - e, Th e, “
e , Th e,
I S9
1 71
Hut ch ins o n, R ev C E . . 22 1

E ge rt n L rd F r n is 9 I
E l ph in Th B ish p f 5
o ,
o a c ,

o o
? bber w k Th e 2 74
e

J a k s n Miss F 409
, , a oc , ,

E lsd n 3 o , c o .
, ,

E s chw ge Miss K 4 3 1
e
Jelf C ano n 4 6 3 5 1
.
, ,
, , ,

E t r nal P u nishm e nt 76 3 6
e J o w ett D 90 5 9 , ,
2
r . 1
, , ,

E u cl id and Hi Mo d r n s e

R iv als 2 0 1
E u l id B o k s I and I I
,

2 23

kV 3
c o

K an M s 6
. .
, ,

E u l id B c oo 1 2

K ings l y H nry 1 4 2
,
.
, e ,
r ,
0

E xh ib itio n Th e G r e t 5 1 a

K itchin Miss Al x ndr a

, , e ,
e ,

,
e a (X ie) ,

3 67

F ac ts , F ig ur s e ,
and F ameie s ,

1 61

F r ei l gr th Kr
i a -
oe kr e ,
Mr s ,
2 1 1,
ys of S rr w
La
L idd ll D e 58 r
o

.
o ,

2 12, 2
37
95
2 86
, , ,

L idd ll Miss A li
e ce , 94 10
4 2 3 6,
F r st A B 4 4
o , . .
,
2
, , ,

F ur niss Harry , ,
1 99, 2 3 6, 2 5 9,
L id d o n, C ano n, 74 , 1 11, 1 23,
3 19 I39
ttl Minist r Th
Li e e , e, 342
L o ngl y A r chb ish o p
e , , 56
Ga m e of L o ic, g Th e, 2 5 9»

332
Ga tty M s 1 09
,
r ,

Ge n r al E l ct i ns
e e o ,
23 2 Macd o nald G eo rg e 83 97 , , ,

Maitl and Mr s 4 2 6 , ,

Manne rs Miss M E 2 4 7 2 84 , . .
, , ,

Ha rr is n F r d r i 3 5
o ,
e e c, 2 Maur ie r Ge o rge d u 1 3 8 1 99
, , ,

Ho l id y H nry 71
a , e , 1 Mech anical H umpty Dumpty “
,

Ho pl y Re H 3 2 7
e ,
v. .
,
Th e 3 1 1 ,
44 8 IN D EX

W o odh o us e ,
Rev . GC
. ,
, 4 7, 3 4 1

W
W ilb e r fo r ce B ish o p ; 74
,

“
W is e W o r d s o n
W r iting 2 77
,
”
 T . F I SH E R UN W I N , P u b lis h er ,

SI X S H I LLI NG N O VE LS
I n u nifor m gr een cloth , la r ge cr own 8vo , gilt tops, 6 . 8
,

E ff ie H e t h e r inz t o n B y R OB T B C HA N AN Se co nd E di io n ER U t
J
. .

D
.

A n Ou t cas t o f t h e I s land s B y OS P H C ON RA E t
J
Se co nd E d i io n . .

A lm ay e r s F o lly
’
B y OS P H C O N A Se co nd E di ion E R D t
UI
. .
.

Th e E b b ing o f t h e Tid e B y LO S B C Seco nd E d i io n E KE t

U I E KE E R J EFFE R
. .
.

A F i r s t F le e t F am ily . B y L O S B C and WA L T

R EY J E
Y .

P ad d y s W o m an, and O e S o ie th r t r s U
’
B y H MP H AM S .
.

C lar a H o p goo d B y MA R TH Se co nd E d i ion RK U E RF R D t

l
O . .
.

Th e ics o f J o h n O i e r H o b b e s v rr t uth r
Ep
P o t ai o f th e A o Se co nd . .

E l v nth E diti n
I tio n.

Th e St ick it M inis t e r . B y S R CR K ETT OC . . . e e o

Th e L ilac Su nb o nne t . B y S R C ROC KE TI Sixth E dit i n

’ ‘
. . .
o .

Th e Raid e r s By S R . . . C RO K ETT E ighth Ed iti n

C . o .

Th e G r e y M an. B y S R C R O C K ETT
J
. . .

I n a M an s M ind By’
R W ATSON
J I VER E
. . . .

A Dau gh t e r o f t h e F e n By T B A LE Seco nd E di ion Y t

J
. . . .
.

Th e H e r b -M o o n. B y O H N OL H OB B S T i d E d i ion E hr t
I I
. .

E t th
rf
N ancy N oo n. B y B N JA M N SW F T Se co nd E d i io n Wi . . N ew

EG I
P e ace.

M r ; M agnu s By F R D STA THA M Se co nd E d i ion t

RE I N R I VE
. . N AL . .

Tr oo pe r P e t e r H alk e t of M as h o naland . B y OL SC H E
Fr ti pi .

B y L O U I S B EC K E
on s ece .

P acif ic Tale s . W ith F r ntisp i P rtr it f o e ce o a o

Ed i i
.

th A th r
Mr s K e it h s C r im e W K C I FFOR D
e S
u o . eco nd t o n.

Sixth E d it i n
rtr it f M K ith y th H J C I N w Pr f
.
’
B M . rs . . . L . o .

Wi h t Po a o d
r s. e by e o n. OH N OL L E R, an a e e ace
A th r
S W E I R M I TC E L L
t he u o .

H u gh W y nne W ith F r ntis p i

Il l tr i
us

Th e To r m e nt o r
By D .

B y B E N J MI N SWI FT A th r f N an y N
at o n .
r. . H . o ece

B y A ME L I A E B A RR A th r f
. n A ,
u o o c oo .

V dd r “l f W ith Ill tr t
P r i so ne r s o f C o nscie nce “
Jn . .
, u o o a
a i o ns
'

e e s i e. 12 us .

Th e G od s o m e M o r t als and L o r d W ick e nh am N w E d it i n

O IV
s, . e o .

B y L r d E RN E ST H A MI L T N
By J OH N H L ER OB B E S .

F ll y l t t d
Th e Ou t law s o f t h e M ar ch e s . o O .

Th e S ch o ol f o r Sa int s : P art f t h H ist ry f th R ight H n r b l

u I us r a e .

R b rt Or g M P B y J O IV H
o e o o e o ou a e

M r l
A th r f Si r C m dy ’ ’
o e an e, OH N L ER OB B ES, u o o nne s o e
S m E m ti Th H rb M
.
.
,

Th e P e o p le o f Clop t o n B y GEOR G E B A RTRA M

" “ "
“
o e d o o ns an & a o a , e e oo n, c.

. .

1 1 P at r n ,t e B i ld in gs L n d n E C
e os r u , o o , . .
 T . F I SH E R U N W I N , P u b lis h er ,

TH E EBBI NG OF TH E
T I DE L OU I S B E CKE
A utho r Of “
B y Reef and Pa lm
Second E d ition . Cr own Svo , . cloth , 6 5 .

Mr k fr l f
L o u is B ec e w ie d s a po e r u p e n, w ith th e ad d itio na ad vantage
.

v t
w
l ll l w
l l l
th at h e w a e s it in u n eq u e n ed p aces, and su m m o ns u p
p assio ns O f h u m an natu e
l r
I t wi
ith it th e e e m e nt a
b e seen h at Mr B ec e is so m e h at
.

wr
t . k rwr
f
p o e sso s o f th a sch oo
r
t l
Of th e fl e sli ly sch o o , b u t w ith a p ath o s and po
r r
e
l k rr
not give n t o th e o dina y
A to geth e fo r th o se w h o i e st i ing s o ies
cast in st an e sce ne s, th is is a b o o t
.

o b e e ad — N a t iona l Obser ver

lk rr tr
g .

PA C I TA L E S
L OU I S B E CKE
W it h a Po t rr ait O f th e A uth r o

Second E d i tio n . C r ow n 8 vo , . cloth , 6 8 .

r
ly t l vk y v t l
Th e app e a ance o f a new boo b y Mr B ec e h as b e co m e an e en Of no te
v ry
kr . k lt v t
and e ju st
th e nam e Of ea ism r l
a co m m and Of t h a u nh ac ne ed y
.

hr
ry
r
i a it l ll
N O i ing au th o , if w e e x ce p t Mr Kip ing h as so am az in
o f p h ase t h a
r tr
g
m o st pe o p e ca b y
Wh et e it is sce ne o r ch a ac e o r incid e nt th at h e
.
.
,

w t r t vr v r r
r ll l v
ish e s to d ep ic th e to u ch is e e SO d am a ic and Vi id th at th e e ad e is
,

r r t r r
t l t
co nscio u s Of a p ictu e and im p e ssio n th a h as no p a a e sa e in th e e co d s
ry Wes tm inster Gaz ette
ri f k t h f i l d l if i th S th S s t i f ri r t
u a sigh and m em o
"
of a c . .

th r
t i d in B y R f d P l m — Sp k
A no e se es O S e c es o s an e n e ou ea , no n e o o

k i w ll w rth r d i g Th th r k w w h t h i t lk i g
th ose co n a ne ee an a ea er .

Th b
k y f th pi t r q — G B B URGI i T d y
“
e oo s e o ea n . e au o no s a e s a n

t bl
d h
"
b
a out an as a ee n e e or e c u es ue . . . N n o- a .

A no atrib ti n t th r m
e co n f th S th S u o o e o ance o e ou e as
T P O CO OR M P i Th G ph i
’
. . NN , . n e r a c.

11 . P a t e r n ost e r B u ild i n gs, L o n d o n , E C . .

 T. F I SH E R UN WIN , P u b lis h e r ,

A F I R S T F L E E T F A M I LY :
B E I N G A H I T I I E RTO -

U N P U B L I S H E D N A R RA
T I VE O F C E R T A I N R E
M A R K A B L E A DV E N
T U RES CO M P I L E D
F RO M T H E P A P E R S O F
SE RG EA N T W I L L I AM
DEW O F T H E M A R I N E S
,

L O U I S B E C KE and W A L TE R JE F F E RY

Second E d ition . Cr ow n 8 vo , cloth , 6

. 8 .

a
AS co nvincing y l r eal and vivi d as a r ti
na r a ve can

be — Sketch .

N O m ak er Of p l o ts co ul d w or k ou t a b ett er st or y Of its
ki nd ,
b al ance it m o r e ne atl y
no r Da ily Chr onicle
.
”—
.

“
A b o o k w hi ch d e scr ib es a se t Of C h ar acter s varie d and
SO att r act ive as th e m o r e p r o m i ne nt fi gu r es in thi s r o m ance ,

and a b o o k SO f ull Of l ife vicissit u d e and p e ril Sh o u ld b e

, , ,

we cl m d b e ve di s cr e e t no ve l r e ad e r — Y or ksh ir e P ost
’
o e y r y . .

“
A ve r y int e r e sti ng t al e w r itt en in C l e ar and vi go r o u s
,

E nglish
”—
. Glo be .

“
Th e no ve l is a h ap p y bl e nd o f t r u th and fi cti o n w ith a ,

pu r p o s e th at w ill b e app r eciat e d b y m any r e ad er s ; it h as

als o th e m o st ex cit ing e l e m ent s of th e t al e Of ad vent u r e
”
.

Mor ning P ost .

1 1 , P a t e r n o st e r B u i ld i n gs , L o n d o n , E C . .
 T . F I SH E R U N W I N , P u b lis h er ,

TH E TA L E S OF JO H N
O L I VE R H O B B ES
W it h a F r o nt i spi e ce Po t rr ait o f th e A u th o r
Second E d ition . Cr ow n 8vo , . l
c oth , 6 5 .

Th e l
r ss f th m all i xt rd in ry — G d n
c eve ne O e s e r ao a
"
u ar ia

Th v l um p r v h w l itt l
. .

nd h w gr at th i g it i t w rit
F ur wh l s il y nt in d
e o e o es o e a o e a n s o e a
P s d nym Ps d nyms
with in it n t xt v g nt l im its f ur l ittl b k s h v giv n
‘ ’ ‘ '

eu o . o o e eu o ar e e a co a e
nd th s
Jn hrrn tOivl iv r mH dbyb —s Sir gmni dG p ttsiti n a m st r f p ig m nd
o
s
e
o e
o
ra a
e a
a
e co ze
’
,
a
o
e e
o as
o
a
e
e
oo
o e
a e
ra a
e

f
"
a a e co e o es s az e e.

st r h a b n s dd n in i ris m y it st y l ng w ith
. .

s m th ing b t t r th n th s t ingl ing p l sing

A h s er a s ee u e ts e so a a o us

S m d y h m y g iv
m k i g p igr mmat i m rs l s — s
o e a s e a e us o e e e a e e , u ,

oc n e a c o e es.

s v r l l it r ry l d i s f r nt rigin w h h v tri d
.
,

Th r
m p t th s i ty id l b t J h n O l iv r H b b s i b y fa th
“
e e ar e e e a e a a e ,
O ece o , o a e e

m st p b l rt ist in fi ti n
t
o co e u o e oc e ea u o e o e s r e
b st w r it r Of th m ll b y f
e e th e a ,
ar e o ca a e a c o .

Sh i e l v r n gh f
s c e e anyth ing — S t
e ou d y R w or . a ur a evie .

H E RB M OO N
JO H N O L I VE R H OB B E S
Th ir d Ed ition, C ow n 8 vo r cloth , 6 s .

do
Th e
be t te
j ad ed

r than b
r ead e r wh
Th e H e b r M
o nee d l W
ss u
t rr ta ce
’
fo r h is i
— L iter ar
e a y ap p e ite cannot
uy oo n or ld

kl ty mm l s r
.
y .

“
th m r th
l r ll t r s t t
A boo to h ail w i o e an co on p ea u e. Th e e p igr am
ma t q r y s
lr ssM fi l l lvtyr lmy st
ic ua i , th e p o w e Of r ap id ana b i ian p e e n a io n si and
ar e th r e e, and add ed to th s e e a e d e nab e q ua i , o n to b e
s r h m
dt
l s rt fi l
b d
e c i e as c ar .
‘
Th e H e b oo n is as C e e as o of
I s pr d s rs and far
e e ces o , e s a i cia — A tfiemz u m . .

l l, P a t e r n os t e r B u i ld i n gs , L o n d o n, E C .
 T . F I SH E R UN W I N , P u b li s h er ,

TH E RA I D E RS
S . R . C R O C K E TT

E igfitnE dit ion . Cr own 8vo , d o“ , 6 . 8 .

,
Ath o rou ghl y enj oyabl e nov el f ull of fr esh o riginal and , , ,

accur at e p ictur es Of l ife l o ng go ne by — D ily N ews . a .

A str ik ingly r eal ist ic r omance — Mor ning P st . o .

A st irr ing st o ry M C r ock e tt s styl e i C h arm ing My ’

. r . s .

B a nit ne v e r k n w h o w mus ical and p ictur e squ e is Sco tt ish

ro e e

E nglish t ill h e r ad th is b o k — P n h e o . u c .

Th y o u ngst rs h av e th ir St e v e ns o n th eir B arr ie and no w

8 R C r ock e tt w ith a l iv ely
e e e , ,

a th ir d w r it e r h a e nt r d th e C ir cl
and j o l l y b oo k Of adv e ntur e s w h ich th e p at e r fam il ias pr e t e nds
s e e e, . .
,

to buy f h is ld st so n but r eads gr eed ily h ims el f and w on t

’

let go t il l h e h a tur ned o v e r th e l ast pag

or e e ,

s O t Of su ch e. u
hist rical el m ents and numb e rl e ss l ocal trad it ons th e autho r
o e i

h as put t oge th e r an e x it ing tal e Of adv entur e s o n l and and sea

"
c .

F f
r a nk u rt er Z eitu ng .

SOME SC O TCH N O TI C E S .

ll ow ay fol k sh o uld b e pr oud to rank Th e Raid e rs am ng

Ga ‘ '
o
th e C l ss ics Of t h e d istrict
a —S ot m a n . c s .

M C r o ck e tt s Th e Raid e rs is o ne Of th e gr eat l it e r ary

r.
’ ‘ ’

su cce ss e s Of th e s e as o n D nd ee Ad ve t iser .
- u i .

M C r ock ett h as ach i ev ed th e d ist inction o f h aving pr od

th e b oo k f th e s eason — D mf r ies and Ga lloway Sta nd ar d
r . ci uL e

o . u .

Th e st o y t o l d in it is as a st o y nearly p e r f ct
"
r ,
r , e .

A ber d een Daily Fr ee P r ess .

Th e Raid e rs is one of th e m os t b r illiant eff or ts of r ecent

’

fi ctio n — Kir kcu dbr igh tsh ir e A d ver tiser

”
. .

ll , P a t e r n os t e r B u l
i d i n gs , L o n d o n , E C . .
 T . F I SH E R U N W I N , P u b l is h er ,

TH E G R EY MAN

S . R . C R O C K E TT

A i so, an E dition de l u ne, wiin 2 6 Dr aw ings by

S EYM U R L U
O C A S, RA . .
,
lim ited to 5
2 0 cop ies, signed

by A u th or . Cr own Ate claik gilt , 215 . ne t .

I t h as rl y all th e q u al it ies w h ich gO to m ak e a b o o k

ne a

Of th e fi r st cl ass
- B efo r e yo u h ave r e ad t w e nt y p ages yo u
.

k no w th at yo u ar e r e adi ng a C l assi c — L iter a ry Wor ld . .

All Of th at va st and incr eas ing

h o st Of r e ad er s w h o
p r e fe r th e no ve l Of act io n to an
y o th e r fo r m Of fi cti o n
sh ou ld nay i nd ee d m u st m ak e a p oint Of r e ad ing th i s
, , , ,

e x ce e di ngl y fi ne ex a m p l e Of its C l ass — D a il Ch r onicle ”

y . .

“
W ith h p assage s as th e s e [r efer r ing to q u o t at io ns]
su c ,

gl ow i ng w ith t e nd er p assio n o r m u r ky w ith h o rr o r , ,

eve n th e m o st insati at e l o ve r Of r o m ance m a f e l th at

y e

Mr C r o ck e tt h as gi ven h im go o d m e as u r e w ell p r e ss e d
.
,

d ow n and r u nni ng o ver — Da ily Telegr aph . .

l l. P a t e r n os t e r B u ild i n gs , L o nd on, E C.
.
 T. F I SH E R U N W I N , P u b lis h er ,

A DA U GH T E R O F T H E
FEN
J . T . BE AL BY

Second E d i tion . Cr own 8w .

, cloth , 6 8 .

wa ys
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ca a .

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s ing e, e e a e c oo ,
a s e o
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lVestm z nster Gaz ette

’

’
IN A MAN S MIND

JO H N RE AY W A T S ON
Cr own 800, d oth , 6 8 .

rd th b k w l l w rth th ff rt Of d ing — B it h
\ Ve r ”

Th b k i l v r v ry l v r — D d A d ti
’

e ga e oo as e o e e o r ea . r is

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,
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f s m p r mis — N w
M W ats n h h ard l y a r iv l am ng Austral i n w it rs p st
It i b s a oo g tO o e o e. e sa en .

p r s n t
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p w r f ins ight p w r f
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b t l s l y int rw v n t th e l im x
e b a e oo o se o e e e e o e u o e
th r d Of a n m
ea tw a e or o, u C o e e o e o C a .

Sy d y B ll tin ne u e .

Th r i b hind it all a p w r Of d r wing h m an nat r that in

e e s e o e a u u e
tim arr st th att nti n — A th m m
e e s e e o .
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e .

1 1 . P ate r nost e r B u ild i n gs . L o n d o n , PL C .

 T W
“

. F I SH E R U N I N , P u b lis h er ,

M R . MAGN U S
F . R E GI N A L D ST A T H A M

Sccond E d ition . Cr ow n 8 no , . cloth , 6 8 .

So m e P r e s s Op inio ns on t h e F ir s t E d it io n .

One th e
Of o o e f m st p w r ul and v ividly writt en no e v ls Of th e
d ay .
— N ottingh a m Gu a r d i a n .

A gir m t rribl e and co nv incing p ictur — N ew Age

,
e , e. .

V ry impr ss iv S t d y R view — a ur

Dist inct l y r ad bl
e e e . a e

Speak e A r m ark abl b

a e. —
k er . e e oo .

F ull Of incid nt L i erpo l M e ry .

[S t—
a nd r d v o er cu . a

f th m st imp o rtant nd t im ely b o ks e v r w r itt n

”
On e o e o a o e e .

N ewcastle Da ily M er cu rj .

A v ivid and st irr ing narrative — Glo bc

A n e x c d ingly C l v r and r e m ar k abl e pr o du ct io n — W 1 t

. .

ee e e . or i .

A b o k to b r ead
o N ew g nt e .
— sa e .

A t e rr ibl e p ictur Sh fii ld I nd pend ent e. — e e e .

On Of th e b e st st o r i s l at ly publ ish e d
”
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k P nh
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W o rth r ad ing —G ar d ia n
e A sprightly b
”
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“
oo .
— u c .

Th e st o ry is v ry mu ch br u ght up to d at — Tim e
“ ”
e o e. s.

Vivid and c nvincing — D ily Ch ni le

Th e st o ry i g o d nd w ll t o l d
o . a ro c .

s P ll M ll G ell
o a e .
— a a az e.

Ought to b e imm ns ly p pul ar — R y nold Weekly N ew pape

" ’
e e o . e s s r .

A m o st r ad abl e st o ry
e —Gl
g w H a ld . as o er .

A brill iant p ie ce Of w rk — Daily Tel gr ph

Th e st ry h o uld m k it m ar k — B ook eller
o . e a .

o S a e s . s .

A dm ir ably w r itt en —Sh

fi ld D ily T legr aph
"
. e e a e .

Th e m o r e w id ly it i r ad th b tt e r — M n h t r G
e di n s e e e .
.
a c es e u ar a .

W ill fi nd m any ppr eciativ e r ad e rs — A b d n Fr e P e

a e .
”
er ee e r ss.

E x cit ing r ad ing D a ily M il —

C an b h art il y r c mm e nd d
e . a .

L l y d s Wee/
’
e e ly N ew p pe
e o e . o s s a r.

A w ll w r itt n and cap abl st ry

- P e pl -

W e l l w r itt n — L it a y W rld
e e e o . o e.

e . er r o .

11, P a t rn
e o st e r B u i ld i n gs , L o n d o n. E C . .