MASENO

SCHOOL
FORM THREE TERM 1 EXAM 2 2023

CHEMISTRY EXAMINATIONS
Name: …………………………..…………………………………… Adm Number: ……………………...

Class: ……………………………………………. Sign: ……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

CHEMISTRY
THURSDAY 13th April, 2023
2 Hours

Instructions to Candidates
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided
b) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
c) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
d) All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
d) This paper consists of 12 printed pages

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1-28 80

1|Page
Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the pages are printed as
indicated and no questions are missing.

1. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) 20cm3 of an unknown gas Q takes 12.6 seconds to pass through a small orifice, 10cm3
of oxygen gas takes 11.2 seconds to diffuse through the same orifice under the same
conditions. Calculate the molecular mass of gas Q. (O=16.0) (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Using dots(.) and crosses(x) to show electrons, show bonding in the compounds formed
when the following elements react. (Si=14.0, Na=11.0, Cl=17.0)
(a) Sodium and chlorine (1 mark)

(b) Silicon and chlorine (1 mark)

2|Page
 3. The diagram below shows the Frasch process used for extraction of sulphur. Use it to
answer the questions that follow.

(i) Identify X (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Why is it necessary to use superheated water in this process.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) State two physical properties of sulphur that makes it to be extracted by this
method. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Write ionic equations for the reactions between the following:

(a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Sodium hydroxide and dilute sulphuric(VI) acid. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

3|Page
 (c) Silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. Given elements A,B and C with atomic numbers 11, 19 and 13 respectively.
(a) Compare the atomic radius of A and C. Explain (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Compare reactivity of A and B. Explain. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The table below gives some properties of three substances I,J and K. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.

Substance m.p(ºC) Solubility in water Electrical conductivity

Solid Molten
I 1063 Insoluble conduct Conduct
J 113 Insoluble Doesn’t conduct
K 402 Sparingly soluble Doesn’t Conduct and is
decomposed

(a) Suggest the type of structure in;

i) I …………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
ii) K ……………………………………………………………. (1 mark)
(b) Explain why the molten K is decomposed by electric current but not I. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Draw a well labeled diagram of a set up that can be used to prepare a dry
sample of chlorine gas using potassium manganate(VII) and concentrated hydrochloric
acid. (3 marks)

4|Page
 8. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Why would it not advisable to use potassium in place of iron in the combustion tube.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Glass wool should be heated before heating iron. Explain. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. A sample of ammonia gas can be prepared by heating a mixture of ammonium bromide
and barium hydroxide.
(a) Write an equation for the reaction. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) State why the gas cannot be dried using anhydrous calcium chloride using an
equation. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Name a suitable drying agent for ammonia gas. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. When water is added to silicon(IV) chloride, the temperature of the solution rises rapidly
and the pH of water drops from 7.0 to 3.0.
a) Why was there a rapid rise in temperature. (1 mark)

5|Page
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..

b) Explain why the pH of water dropped to 3.0 (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Identify two other chlorides which behave like silicon (IV) chloride. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. The flow chart below shows how nitric(V) acid can be obtained.

(a) Identify the chamber in which a catalyst is used and name the catalyst. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Name substance Z. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(c) Write an equation for the reaction that takes place in chamber III. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. Describe how a pure sample of lead (II) carbonate can be prepared in the laboratory
starting with lead. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

6|Page
 ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. (a) Distinguish between a hydrogen bond and covalent bond. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Explain why the boiling point of water is higher than that of hydrogen sulphide gas.
(2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
...............................................................................................................................................

14. Rusting leads to fast wearing out of farm tools and equipments.
(a) Give the chemical name of rust. (1 mark)
,………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) What two conditions accelerate rusting process. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Write an equation to justify that rusting of iron occurs in the presence of water and
oxygen. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
15. The diagram below shows a set-up of apparatus that can be used to prepare nitrogen (IV)
oxide. Study it and answer the questions that follow:

7|Page
 (a) Name liquid B. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State the observation made in the boiling tube. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………..

(c) Explain lead(II) nitrate is preferred over other metal nitrates in this experiment.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(d) Describe how gas A can be identified. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Name the catalysts used in the following reactions.

(a) Reaction between zinc and dilute sulphuric (VI) acid. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

8|Page
 (b) Reaction between ammonia and air. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………..

18. Explain why burning magnesium ribbon continues to burn in a gas jar of carbon(IV)
oxide but zinc metal goes off when lowered in a gas jar of carbon(IV) oxide. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………....
................................................................................................................................................
19. Use the reaction scheme below to answer the questions that follow.

(a) Write the formula of two possible cations in solid K. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Write the chemical equations for the reactions in;
Step I
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Step II
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
20. (a) State the use of a crucible in the laboratory. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b)Give two reasons why most laboratory apparatus are made of glass. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

9|Page
 21. (a) Elianto oil is a mixture of different substances. Describe an experiment that can be
carried out to prove that this statement is correct. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b)Name the method described above. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. Explain the following:
(a) Nitric (V) acid is stored in dark bottles. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
(b) Nitric(V) acid prepared is often pale yellow in colour. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
(c) The apparatus for preparation of nitric(V) acid is made of glass. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
23. (a) Define allotropy. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b)Give two examples of non-crystalline allotropes of sulphur. (2 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

24. (a) State the particles responsible for electrical conductivity in the following substances.
(i) Mercury (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Molten sodium chloride. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………

10 | P a g e
 (b)State two applications of electrolysis. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
.

25. Chlorine gas has a mass of 35.5. It is made up of two isotopes Cl-35 and Cl-37.
Determine the relative abundances of each isotope of chlorine. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Write the full meaning of the following abbreviations. (2 marks)

(a) PVC
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) DDT.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
27. State and explain the observation made when hydrogen sulphide gas is bubbled into a
solution of iron (III) chloride,. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..

28. Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine and cold dilute sodium hydroxide
solution. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

11 | P a g e