5 ships knows as carracks

Trinidad
- commanded by Ferdinand Magellan. Mothership (leader) of all ship (biggest and durable
ship)
- Survived for 3 years of sailing and tries to go back to Spain. Naiwan sa molucca ata iyon para
i-repair, at nung na-repair na sinubukan itong ibyahe ulit. Nung bumyahe ito, nahuli ng
Portugal. Nung na-capture hindi na pinakawalan ng Portugal, before may beef ang Spain and
Portugal (magkalaban) parehong nakikipag compete sa isa’t-isa sa mga bagong route and
possible loots sa napupuntahan na places. (hindi na nakabalik sa spain)

San Antonio
- Commanded by Juan de Cartagena. 270 members ng ship pero hinati para sa 5 barko.
- Abandoned the journey along the way and humiwalay para bumalik sa Spain. Juan de
Cartagena not in good terms with Ferdinand Magellan in terms of leadership. Portuguese
daw si Magellan.

Conception
- Commanded by Gaspar de Quesada. Napatay dahil merong di pagkakaunawaan sa members
na loyal kay Magellan. While byahe nagkakasakitan, no food supply, tas psychological
problems sa tagal ng kanilang paglalayag. Nung namatay yung commander, yung Conception
na ship ay sinunog ng crew members at lumubog.

Victoria
- Commanded by Luis de Mendoza. Nakabalik sa Spain with around 15 to 19 crew members.

Santiago
- Commanded by Juan Serrano. Lost by the sea dahil sa bagyo. Dahil sa bagyo yung crew
members ng Santiago ay lumipat ng barko. Juan Serrano tsaka yung isang napatay na
Dwarne merposa? A day after battle of Mactan sila ay nilason dahil sila ay nangahasa ng
kababaihan noon sa Cebu.
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer born around 1480. He entered the service of the King
of Portugal, Manuel the First, in 1495 and spent the next 17 years in military service around the
world, particularly in India. He was wounded multiple times in combat and in 1512, he returned to
Portugal and took part in an expedition against Morocco, where he was permanently injured. Due to
falling out of favor with the king, Magellan transferred himself to the service of the King of Spain,
Charles V.

In 1519, Magellan embarked on an ambitious voyage to circumnavigate the globe, departing from
Spain. Accompanying him on the voyage was a Venetian explorer named Antonio Pigafetta, who
kept a daily journal of the entire journey. This journal is now the most important source of
information about Magellan's circumnavigation.

In April 1521, Magellan and his men attempted to conquer the small island of Mactan in the
Philippines. This led to the Battle of Mactan, in which both Pigafetta and Magellan were involved in
the fighting. Pigafetta's journal provides a detailed account of the events leading up to the battle,
including negotiations with the island's chiefs and the decision to attack.

On the day of the battle, Magellan and his men arrived at Mactan before daylight, armed with
weapons and accompanied by the Christian King, the prince, and other important figures. They
attempted to negotiate with the Islanders who were loyal to a chief named Scylla Fulop ooh, offering
them recognition as subjects of the King of Spain and the payment of tribute. However, the Islanders
were not intimidated and responded with their own defiance.

The battle began with Magellan's men divided into two groups, with musketeers and crossbowmen
firing at the Islanders from a distance. However, their weapons were ineffective against the
Islanders' shields made of thin wood. The captain then ordered his men to stop firing, but the
outcome of the battle is not described in this part of the video.

In this second part of the video, the narrator describes the intense battle between the crew of
Ferdinand Magellan's expedition and the indigenous people of the island they encountered. The
Islanders, seemingly unaffected by the shots fired from the crew's guns, continued to attack and
shout loudly. They dodged the crew's shots and threw various weapons, including arrows, javelins,
spears, stones, and even mud. The crew struggled to defend themselves, and some of the Islanders
even threw iron-tipped lances at Magellan.

In an attempt to disperse the Islanders and intimidate them, Magellan ordered some of his men to
set fire to their houses. However, this only made the Islanders more ferocious, and they killed two of
the crew members who approached the fire. The Islanders then attacked the crew with even greater
fury, targeting their exposed legs. Magellan himself was struck by a poison arrow in his right leg.

Despite their efforts to fight back, the crew was overwhelmed by the Islanders' lances and stones.
The bombards they had in their boats were of no use because the shallow water kept them too far
from the beach. The crew retreated slowly, fighting as they went, but most of the men panicked and
fled, leaving only six or eight of them with Magellan. The Islanders continued to attack, picking up
the spears they had already thrown and throwing them again.

The crew managed to retreat to a distance of a crossbow shot from the shore, with the water up to
their knees. The Islanders followed them, and as they closed in, they aimed specifically at Magellan.
They knocked his helmet off twice, and one of them struck him with a large sword, causing him to
fall. The Islanders then ran him through with lances and swords until he was dead.

After Magellan's death, the surviving crew members made their way to the boats, which were about
to leave. Eight of their men and four of the Islanders who had converted to Christianity were killed in
the battle, and many others were wounded. The Islanders lost only 15 men. The narrator expresses
hope that Magellan's memory will not be forgotten, as he sees the same virtue of constancy in
adversity in the person he is addressing.

The video concludes by mentioning that out of the approximately 270 men who left Spain on the
expedition in September 1519, only one ship, the Victoria, returned to Spain almost three years
later, on September 6, 1522. Antonio Pigafetta, the narrator, was one of the 18 men who survived
the journey back on the Victoria. He died in 1531 in Venice.
structure of the spanish colonial government in the philippine
Two types of Local Government during the Spanish Era:
1. Alcadia - headed by the Alcalde Mayor. For areas already pacified. The Alcadia is a
traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions.
2. Corregimiento - Headed by Corregidor. A spanish term used for country subdivisions for
royal administrative purposes, ensuring districts were under crown control as opposed to
local elites.

Political Structure During the Spanish Era in the Philippines

1. Governor General - the highest ranking official that serves as the king’s representative.
2. Residencia - the judicial court which is led by upcoming Governor General.
3. Visita - it observes the colony and is headed by the visitador which reports directly to the
king of spain.
4. Royal Audiencia - the official adviser of the Governor General.

The Spanish colonial government in the Philippines had a hierarchical structure, with power
centralized at the top. The highest authority was the Governor-General, who was appointed by the
Spanish monarch. Below the Governor-General were various administrative and judicial bodies,
including the Audiencia (a high court), the local government officials called Alcaldes Mayores, and
the religious orders. The Spanish government implemented the Laws of the Indies to regulate and
govern the colonies, establishing a system of governance that influenced various aspects of
Philippine society and culture.