UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO SCARBOROUGH

Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences

AUGUST 2016 EXAMINATIONS

STAB22H3 Statistics I
Duration: 3 hours

Last Name: First Name:

Student number:

Aids allowed:

- Two handwritten letter-sized sheets (both sides) of notes prepared by you

- Non-programmable, non-communicating calculator

Standard Normal, t and the binomial distribution tables are attached at the end.

This test is based on multiple-choice questions. There are 50 questions. All questions carry
equal weight. On the Scantron answer sheet, ensure that you enter your last name, first
name (as much of it as fits), and student number (in “Identification”).

Mark in each case the best answer out of the alternatives given (which means the nu-
merically closest answer if the answer is a number and the answer you obtained
is not given.)

Also before you begin, complete the signature sheet, but sign it only when the invigilator
collects it. The signature sheet shows that you were present at the exam.

There are 23 pages including this page and statistical tables. Please check to see that you
have all the pages.

Good luck!!
ExamVersion: A

1
1. In a country, 45% of the population has Type O blood, 40% Type A, 11% Type B,
and the rest Type AB. In a random sample of six people from this country, what is
the probability that no one has Type A blood?
(a) 0.047
(b) 2.400
(c) 0.004
(d) 3.600
(e) 0.036

2. Events A and B are such that P (A) = 0.35, P (B) = 0.40 and P (A|B) = 0.28.
Calculate P (B|A).
(a) 0.245
(b) 0.320
(c) 0.500
(d) 0.700
(e) 0.800

3. Consider the two data sets A = {10, 30, 45, 50, 55, 70, 90} and
B = {10, 20, 45, 50, 55, 80, 90}.
Which of the following statements regarding the above two data sets is FALSE?
Note: Only one of these statements is false.
(a) The two sets A and B have identical medians.
(b) The two sets A and B have identical means.
(c) The two sets A and B have identical ranges.
(d) The two sets A and B have identical boxplots.
(e) The standard deviation of data set A is less than the standard deviation of
data set B.

2
4. A married couple decides to start a family and they really want to have a baby girl.
Due to financial considerations, they decided that they will have children until they
have a girl or a total of 3 children. Let X denote the number of boys in this family.
Find the mean of X.
Assume that the probability that any birth is a baby girl is 0.5 and the probability
that any birth is a baby boy is 0.5.
(a) 0.5
(b) 0.75
(c) 0.875
(d) 1
(e) 1.25

5. The discrete random variable X has probability distribution given by

x -1 0 1 2 3
P (x) 0.2 a 0.1 a 0.2

What is the value of a.

(a) 0.05
(b) 0.10
(c) 0.20
(d) 0.25
(e) none of the above

6. Based on past experience, a bank believes that 5% of the people who receive loans will
not make payments on time. The bank has recently approved 300 loans. What is the
probability that more than 6% of these clients will not make timely payments?
(a) 0.215
(b) 0.573
(c) 0.786
(d) 0.427
(e) 0.794

3
7. Employment data at a software company reveal that 41% of employees have a computer
science degree. 36% of the employees are female. 50% of the female employees have a
computer science degree. An employee is selected at random from this company. Let
C be the event that this randomly selected employee has a computer science degree.
Let F be the event that this randomly selected employee is female. Find P (C or F ).
(a) 0.77
(b) 0.23
(c) 0.18
(d) 0.41
(e) 0.59

8. A nursery owner claims that a recent drought stunted the growth of 22% of all her
evergreens. A botanist tests this claim by examining a simple random sample of 1100
evergreens and finds that 268 trees in the sample show signs of stunted growth. With
H0 : p = .22 and H1 : p 6= .22, what is the value of the test statistic?
(a) z=√ 0.244−0.22
1100×0.22×(1−0.22)

(b) z =2× √ 0.244−0.22

1100×0.22×(1−0.22)

(c) z= q0.244−0.22
0.22×(1−0.22)
1100

(d) z =2× q0.244−0.22

0.22×(1−0.22)
1100

(e) z =2× √ 0.244−0.22

1100×0.244×(1−0.244)

9. In the context of regression analysis, which of the following statements is/are true?

I All high leverage points are influential observations.

II Influential observations always decrease the coefficient of determination.

III All outliers are influential observations.

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) All three statements are true
(e) None of the three statements is true.

4
10. Suppose that 2.4% of people are left handed. If 30 people are selected at random, what
is the standard deviation of the number of right-handers in the group?
(a) 0.70272
(b) 0.72
(c) 5.5
(d) 0.84
(e) 2.34

11. A researcher uses a regression equation to predict home heating bills (dollar cost),
based on home size (square feet). The correlation between predicted bills and home
size is 0.60. Which of the following statements gives a correct interpretation of this
finding?
(a) 60% of the variability in home heating bills can be explained by home size.
(b) 36% of the variability in home heating bills can be explained by home size.
(c) For each added square foot of home size, heating bills increased by 60 cents.
(d) For each added square foot of home size, heating bills increased by 36 cents.
(e) 3600% of the variability in home heating bills can be explained by home size.

12. In a large class, there were 263 students who wrote both the midterm and the final
exam. The standard deviation of the midterm grades was 14, and that of the final
exam was 19. The correlation between the grades on the midterm and the final was
0.65. John is a student in this class. His midterm grade was 22 points below the class
average for the midterm exam. Based on this information, how many points below the
final exam class average, would you predict his final exam grade to be?
(a) 14.3
(b) 19.4
(c) 22
(d) 8.0
(e) 3.0

5
13. A fair coin is tossed three times. What is the probability that it lands on heads exactly
one time?
(a) 0.125
(b) 0.250
(c) 0.333
(d) 0.375
(e) 0.500

14. Events E and F are such that P (E) = 0.32, P (F ) = 0.15 and P (E and F ) = 0.048.
Which of the following statements regarding these events is true?
(a) The events E and F are both independent and mutually exclusive.
(b) The events E and F are neither independent nor mutually exclusive.
(c) The events E and F are mutually exclusive but not independent.
(d) The events E and F are independent but not mutually exclusive.
(e) The events E and F are mutually exclusive, but there is insufficient information
to determine whether or not they are independent.

15. Suppose that for a certain Caribbean island in any 3-year period the probability of a
major hurricane is 0.25, the probability of water damage is 0.44, and the probability of
both a hurricane and water damage is 0.22. What is the probability of water damage
given that there is a hurricane?
(a) 0.46
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.69
(d) 0.88
(e) 0.91

6
16. In a study of the relationship between how far the students live and the time it takes
them to get to the university, the student association of a university collected a random
sample of students and recorded the distance (x, in km) between the university and
their place of residence and the time (y, in minutes) it takes them to get to the
university. The least squares regression line is calculated to be ŷ = 2.3 + 1.7x. It
is reported that 75 percent of the variation in time (i.e. y) can be explained by this
regression on distance. What is the value of the correlation between distance and time?
(a) 0.250
(b) 0.866
(c) 0.625
(d) 0.563
(e) 0.750

17. If A and B are two events such that P (A) = 0.3, P (B) = 0.4, and events A and B are
independent. Calculate P (A or B).
(a) 0.12
(b) 0.58
(c) 0.60
(d) 0.70
(e) 0.80

18. A national achievement test is administered annually to 3rd graders. The test has a
mean score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. If Jane’s z-score is 1.20, what is her
score on the test?
(a) 82
(b) 88
(c) 100
(d) 112
(e) 118

7
19. In a study, 780 participants suffering from depression were randomly assigned to one
of three groups. Over a four-month period, the first group received a low dosage of
an experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of the drug, and the
third group received a placebo. At the end of the period each participant rated their
mood on a scale of 1-5. Which of the following best describes the treatments in this
experiment?
(a) The experimental drug, mood
(b) Placebo, low dosage, high dosage
(c) The dosage of the drug
(d) Mood level 1, mood level 2, mood level 3, mood level 4, mood level 5
(e) The experimental drug
20. An auto analyst is conducting a satisfaction survey, sampling from a list of 12,000 new
car buyers. The list includes 3000 Ford buyers, 3000 GM buyers, 3000 Honda buyers,
and 3000 Toyota buyers. The analyst selects a sample of 400 car buyers, by randomly
sampling 100 buyers of each brand.
Is this an example of a simple random sample?
(a) Yes, because each buyer in the sample was randomly sampled.
(b) Yes, because each buyer in the sample had an equal chance of being sampled.
(c) Yes, because car buyers of every brand were equally represented in the sample.
(d) No, because every possible sample of 400 buyers, did not have an equal chance
of being chosen.
(e) No, because the population consisted of purchasers of four different brands of
car.

21. In a left-tailed hypothesis test situation (i.e the alternative hypothesis is left-tailed),
the p-value based on a t-test is determined to be 0.1. If the sample size for this test is
51, what is the value of the t test statistic?
(a) 0.849
(b) -0.849
(c) 1.299
(d) -1.299
(e) -1.645

8
22.
A survey asked 120 individuals (50 Males and 70 Females) for the primary way that
they receive their daily news: newspaper, television, radio, or internet . The responses
are shown in the bar chart below:

We randomly pick one individual from this group of 120 individuals. Define the events
A and B as follows:
A = The individual selected is a female
B = The individual selected uses internet as the primary way of receiving daily news.
Calculate P (B)
(a) 0.27
(b) 0.46
(c) 0.58
(d) 0.625
(e) 0.64

23. Refer to question 22 above. Using the information in question 22, calculate P (A|B)
(a) 0.167
(b) 0.286
(c) 0.46
(d) 0.58
(e) 0.625

9
24. A golf ball is dropped from 15 different heights (in cm) and the height of the bounce is
d = −0.2+0.75×drop.
recorded (in cm.) The regression analysis gives the model bounce
A golf ball dropped from a height of 61 cm, bounced a height whose residual is −1.8
cm. What is the height of this bounce?
(a) 1.8
(b) 59.45
(c) 59.2
(d) 47.35
(e) 43.75

25. An education researcher randomly selects 38 schools from one school district and in-
terviews all the teachers at each of the 38 schools. Identify the type of sampling used
in this example.
(a) Systematic sampling
(b) Cluster sampling
(c) Voluntary response sampling
(d) Census
(e) Stratified sampling
26. In a statistics course there were five quizzes. Each quiz was given a grade out of 5.
John did all five quizzes. The average of his five quiz grades is 3 and the variance
(y−ȳ)2
P
(calculated using the formula n−1 ) is 2.5. If the grades of his first three quizzes are
{1, 3, 5}, what are the grades of his remaining two quizzes?
(a) {2, 4}
(b) {3, 4}
(c) {1, 4}
(d) {1, 5}
(e) {3, 3}

10
27. The mean age of a group of students is 25 years. This group included male and female
students. The total number of students (i.e. both male and female) in this group is
100. If the mean age of the male students in this group is 26 and that of the female
students is 21, then how many female students are there in this group?
(a) 20
(b) 40
(c) 50
(d) 60
(e) 70

28. The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately normal under certain conditions. Which of the following is a necessary
condition for the Central Limit Theorem to be used?
(a) The sample size must be sufficiently large.
(b) The sample mean must be greater than or equal to 30.
(c) The population from which we are sampling must be normally distributed.
(d) The population from which we are sampling must not be normally distributed.
(e) The mean of the population must be greater than or equal to 30.
29. Suppose that 11% of people are left handed. If 26 people are selected at random, what
is the mean of the number of right-handers in the group?
(a) 13
(b) 1.6
(c) 23.14
(d) 2.55
(e) 2.86

11
30. In a random sample of 1000 students, p̂ = 0.80 (or 80%) were in favor of longer hours
at the school library. What is the standard error of sample proportion?
(a) 0.013
(b) 0.160
(c) 0.640
(d) 0.800
(e) 12.65

31. Nine hundred (900) high school freshmen were randomly selected for a national survey.
Among survey participants, the mean grade-point average (GPA) was 2.7, and the
standard deviation was 0.4. What is the margin of error of the 95% confidence interval
for the population mean?
(a) 0.013
(b) 0.026
(c) 0.052
(d) 0.500
(e) 1.960

32.
A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for pop-
ping a bag of its popcorn. They will test two different cooking times (4 minutes or 5
minutes) and three different temperature settings (low, medium or high). Three bags
of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave,
with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then
be compared for each treatment
What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment?
(a) cooking time and temperature setting
(b) 4 minutes, 5 minutes, low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature
(c) percentage of unpopped kernels
(d) 4 min on low, 4 min on medium, 4 min on high, 5 min on low, 5 min on medium,
5 min on high
(e) bags of popcorn

12
33. Refer to question 32 above. Using the information in question 32 above, how many
bags of popcorn are required for this experiment?
(a) 9
(b) 15
(c) 6
(d) 18
(e) 12

34. In a clinical trial, 780 participants suffering from high blood pressure were randomly
assigned to one of three groups. Over a one-month period, the first group received
a low dosage of an experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of
the drug, and the third group received a placebo. The diastolic blood pressure of each
participant was measured at the beginning and at the end of the period and the change
in blood pressure was recorded. The biggest decrease in blood pressure was for those
who received the low dosage of the drug. Identify the response variable measured.
(a) The participants in the experiment
(b) The dosage of the drug
(c) The treatment received (placebo, low dosage, high dosage)
(d) The one-month period
(e) Change in diastolic blood pressure
35. Four pairs of data were used to determine the regression line ŷ = 4 + 3x. If the four
values of the independent variable (i.e. X variable) are 32, 24, 29 and 27, what is the
mean of the four values of the dependent variable (i.e Y variable)?
(a) 68
(b) 84
(c) 88
(d) 100
(e) This mean cannot be determined from the given information.

13
36. In a group of 10 third graders, the mean height is 50 inches with a median of 47 inches,
while in a group of 12 fourth graders, the mean height is 54 inches with a median of
49 inches. If we put the two groups into one forming a group of 22 students, what is
the median height of the combined group?
(a) 48 inches.
(b) 54 inches.
10×47+12×49
(c) 22
inches
10×50+12×54
(d) 22
inches
(e) The median of the combined group cannot be determined from the given infor-
mation.
37. Of the coffee makers sold in an appliance store, 6.0% have either a faulty switch or a
defective cord, 2.4% have a faulty switch, and 0.3% have both defects. What percent
of the coffee makers will have a defective cord?
(a) 97.6 %
(b) 6.0 %
(c) 3.9 %
(d) 6.3 %
(e) 2.7 %

38. In a large statistics class, the grades (out of 50) had a Normal distribution. 16 percent
of the class scored below 25. 2.5 percent of the class scored above 40. Which of the
following choices gives the best estimates of the mean and the standard deviation of
the grades?
(a) Mean = 32.5 and standard deviation = 2.5
(b) Mean = 32.5 and standard deviation = 5
(c) Mean = 32.5 and standard deviation = 10
(d) Mean = 30 and standard deviation = 2.5
(e) Mean = 30 and standard deviation = 5

14
39. The mean thrust of a certain model jet engine is 9500 pounds. Concerned that a
production process change might have lowered the thrust, an inspector tests a sample
of engines, calculating a mean of 9350 pounds with a p-value of 0.0069. Which of the
following is the most reasonable conclusion?
(a) 99.31% of the engines produced under the new process will have a thrust under
9350 pounds.
(b) 99.31% of the engines produced under the new process will have a thrust under
9500 pounds.
(c) 0.69% of the time an engine produced under the new process will have a thrust
over 9500 pounds.
(d) There is evidence at α = 0.01 to conclude that the new process is producing
engines with a mean thrust below 9350 pounds.
(e) There is evidence at α = 0.01 to conclude that the new process is producing
engines with a mean thrust below 9500 pounds.
40. To determine the mean cost of groceries in a certain city, an identical grocery basket
of food is purchased at each store in a random sample of ten stores. If the mean cost
and the standard deviation of this sample are $48.50 and $1.60, respectively, find a
98% confidence interval estimate of the mean cost of these groceries in the city.
√
(a) 48.50 ± 2.33 × 1.60
1.60
(b) 48.50 ± 2.33 × √
10
q
1.60
(c) 48.50 ± 2.33 × 10

(d) 48.50 ± 0.89 × 1.60

q
(e) 48.50 ± 2.821 × 1.6010

41. A magazine publisher mailed a survey to all of its subscribers asking if the magazine
is helpful in their daily lives. Every subscriber responded and 65% replied that the
magazine was helpful. The value 65% is known as what?
(a) The sample
(b) The population parameter of interest
(c) The population
(d) Statistic
(e) Sampling frame

15
42. The data are collected on an explanatory variable x and a response variable y and are
displayed in the scatterplot below.

One of the following equations is the least squares regression line for this data (with
values rounded off). Identify the one that was calculated from this data.
(a) ŷ = 0.5 + 3.5x
(b) ŷ = 3.5 + x
(c) ŷ = 3.5 + 2x
(d) ŷ = 0.5 + x
(e) ŷ = 3.5 + 0.5x

43. The amount of sleep per night for college students can be assumed to be normally
distributed with a mean of 7 hours and a standard deviation of 1.2 hours. About 95%
of college students sleep between
(a) 5.8 and 8.2 hours per night.
(b) 4.6 and 9.4 hours per night
(c) 6 and 8 hours per night
(d) 4 and 10 hours per night
(e) 3.4 and 10.6 hours per night

16
44. John sells a magazine for raising money for homeless people. The probability of making
a sale is 0.1 for each person he approaches. Assume that people buy independently of
others and no one buys more than one magazine. Given that he approaches 6 people,
find the probability that he will make more than 2 sales.
(a) 0.0146
(b) 0.0159
(c) 0.0013
(d) 0.1143
(e) 0.0984

45. You roll a fair die. If the die comes up with a number greater than 4, you win $70. If
not, you get to roll again. If the die comes up with a number greater than 4 the second
time, you win $30. Otherwise you win nothing. Create the probability function for the
amount you win at this game.
Amount won $70 $30 $0
(a) 2 8 16
P (Amount won) 6 36 36

Amount won $100 $70 $30 $0

(b) 4 8 8 16
P (Amount won) 36 36 36 36

Amount won $70 $30 $0

(c) 2 2 2
P (Amount won) 6 6 6

Amount won $100 $70 $30 $0

(d) 4 2 2 16
P (Amount won) 36 36 36 36

Amount won $70 $30

(e) 2 4
P (Amount won) 6 6

46. The 95% confidence interval for a population mean based on a simple random sample
is (−4, 12). Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
(a) The observed sample mean is between -4 and 12.
(b) The population mean must be in the interval (−4, 12).
(c) The probability that the population mean is in (−4, 12) is 0.95.
(d) This interval cannot be correct since it includes values less than zero.
(e) None of the above.

17
47. A researcher wants to investigate whether different forms of exercise can be used to
help hyperactive children. A group of 90 children is divided into two groups according
to age - those aged 9-12 and those aged 5-9. Within each age group the children are
randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first group will just do their normal
exercise. The second group will be given an additional exercise routine (moderate).
The third group will be given an additional exercise routine (strenuous). At the end of
a four month period parents will be asked to evaluate their children’s progress. Which
of the following best describes this experiment?
(a) This design is completely randomized over one factor (exercise).
(b) This is a randomized block design, blocking on age, with one factor, exercise.
(c) This is a randomized block design, blocking on exercise, with one factor, age.
(d) This design is completely randomized over two factors, exercise and age.
(e) This is an observational study.
48. A major metropolitan newspaper selected a simple random sample of 1,600 readers from
their large population of subscribers. They asked whether the paper should increase its
coverage of local news. Based on this sample, 80% confidence interval for the proportion
of readers who would like more coverage of local news is (0.384090, 0.416093). What is
the 99% confidence interval for the proportion of readers who would like more coverage
of local news?
(a) 0.30 to 0.50
(b) 0.32 to 0.48
(c) 0.35 to 0.45
(d) 0.37 to 0.43
(e) 0.39 to 0.41

49. Regression analysis was applied between sales (y in dollars) and advertising (x in
dollars) across all the branches of a major international corporation. The estimated
regression line is: ŷ = 5000 + 7.25x. If the advertising budgets of two branches of the
corporation differ by $ 30,000, then what will be the predicted difference in their sales?
(a) $ 217 500
(b) $ 222 500
(c) $ 5000
(d) $ 7.25
(e) $ 212 500

18
50. The manager of a firm has told a potential investor that the mean monthly rent of
a 3-bedroom home is the area is $1500. The investor wants to check out this claim
on her own. In order to test H0 : µ = 1500 against H1 : µ 6= 1500 she obtains the
monthly rental charges for a random sample of 9 three-bedroom homes. The sample
mean is $1560 with the sample standard deviation $144. What is the value of the t-test
statistic for this test?
(a) 1.25
(b) -1.25
(c) 0.42
(d) -0.42
(e) 20

END OF EXAM

19
 Tables of normal, binomial and t-distributions
prepared by Ken Butler
2015-06-03

Table Z (normal distribution)

Values of z greater than 0 are on the next page. Second decimal place is at the top of the column.
0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00
-3.8 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.7 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.6 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002
-3.5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
-3.4 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
-3.3 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
-3.2 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007
-3.1 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010
-3.0 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013
-2.9 0.0014 0.0014 0.0015 0.0015 0.0016 0.0016 0.0017 0.0018 0.0018 0.0019
-2.8 0.0019 0.0020 0.0021 0.0021 0.0022 0.0023 0.0023 0.0024 0.0025 0.0026
-2.7 0.0026 0.0027 0.0028 0.0029 0.0030 0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035
-2.6 0.0036 0.0037 0.0038 0.0039 0.0040 0.0041 0.0043 0.0044 0.0045 0.0047
-2.5 0.0048 0.0049 0.0051 0.0052 0.0054 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0060 0.0062
-2.4 0.0064 0.0066 0.0068 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082
-2.3 0.0084 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0094 0.0096 0.0099 0.0102 0.0104 0.0107
-2.2 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0125 0.0129 0.0132 0.0136 0.0139
-2.1 0.0143 0.0146 0.0150 0.0154 0.0158 0.0162 0.0166 0.0170 0.0174 0.0179
-2.0 0.0183 0.0188 0.0192 0.0197 0.0202 0.0207 0.0212 0.0217 0.0222 0.0228
-1.9 0.0233 0.0239 0.0244 0.0250 0.0256 0.0262 0.0268 0.0274 0.0281 0.0287
-1.8 0.0294 0.0301 0.0307 0.0314 0.0322 0.0329 0.0336 0.0344 0.0351 0.0359
-1.7 0.0367 0.0375 0.0384 0.0392 0.0401 0.0409 0.0418 0.0427 0.0436 0.0446
-1.6 0.0455 0.0465 0.0475 0.0485 0.0495 0.0505 0.0516 0.0526 0.0537 0.0548
-1.5 0.0559 0.0571 0.0582 0.0594 0.0606 0.0618 0.0630 0.0643 0.0655 0.0668
-1.4 0.0681 0.0694 0.0708 0.0721 0.0735 0.0749 0.0764 0.0778 0.0793 0.0808
-1.3 0.0823 0.0838 0.0853 0.0869 0.0885 0.0901 0.0918 0.0934 0.0951 0.0968
-1.2 0.0985 0.1003 0.1020 0.1038 0.1056 0.1075 0.1093 0.1112 0.1131 0.1151
-1.1 0.1170 0.1190 0.1210 0.1230 0.1251 0.1271 0.1292 0.1314 0.1335 0.1357
-1.0 0.1379 0.1401 0.1423 0.1446 0.1469 0.1492 0.1515 0.1539 0.1562 0.1587
-0.9 0.1611 0.1635 0.1660 0.1685 0.1711 0.1736 0.1762 0.1788 0.1814 0.1841
-0.8 0.1867 0.1894 0.1922 0.1949 0.1977 0.2005 0.2033 0.2061 0.2090 0.2119
-0.7 0.2148 0.2177 0.2206 0.2236 0.2266 0.2296 0.2327 0.2358 0.2389 0.2420
-0.6 0.2451 0.2483 0.2514 0.2546 0.2578 0.2611 0.2643 0.2676 0.2709 0.2743
-0.5 0.2776 0.2810 0.2843 0.2877 0.2912 0.2946 0.2981 0.3015 0.3050 0.3085
-0.4 0.3121 0.3156 0.3192 0.3228 0.3264 0.3300 0.3336 0.3372 0.3409 0.3446
-0.3 0.3483 0.3520 0.3557 0.3594 0.3632 0.3669 0.3707 0.3745 0.3783 0.3821
-0.2 0.3859 0.3897 0.3936 0.3974 0.4013 0.4052 0.4090 0.4129 0.4168 0.4207
-0.1 0.4247 0.4286 0.4325 0.4364 0.4404 0.4443 0.4483 0.4522 0.4562 0.4602
0.0 0.4641 0.4681 0.4721 0.4761 0.4801 0.4840 0.4880 0.4920 0.4960 0.5000

20 1
Table Z (continued)

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.6 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.7 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.8 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999

21 2
Table T (t-distribution)

2-sided P-value 0.200 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

1-sided P-value 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
df = 1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
df = 2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
df = 3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
df = 4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
df = 5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
df = 6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
df = 7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
df = 8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
df = 9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
df = 10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169
df = 11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
df = 12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
df = 13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
df = 14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
df = 15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
df = 16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
df = 17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
df = 18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
df = 19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
df = 20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845
df = 21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831
df = 22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819
df = 23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807
df = 24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
df = 25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
df = 26 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
df = 27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
df = 28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763
df = 29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
df = 30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
df = 32 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738
df = 35 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724
df = 40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
df = 45 1.301 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690
df = 50 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678
df = 60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
df = 75 1.293 1.665 1.992 2.377 2.643
df = 100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626
df = 120 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617
df = 140 1.288 1.656 1.977 2.353 2.611
df = 180 1.286 1.653 1.973 2.347 2.603
df = 250 1.285 1.651 1.969 2.341 2.596
df = 400 1.284 1.649 1.966 2.336 2.588
df = 1000 1.282 1.646 1.962 2.330 2.581
df = 999999 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576
Confidence level 0.800 0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

22 5
 Table of the Binomial Distribution
(Table shows probability of exactly k successes in n trials with success
probability p. Values of p are shown along the top of the table.)

p
n k 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
2 0 0.9025 0.8100 0.7225 0.6400 0.5625 0.4900 0.4225 0.3600 0.3025 0.2500
2 1 0.0950 0.1800 0.2550 0.3200 0.3750 0.4200 0.4550 0.4800 0.4950 0.5000
2 2 0.0025 0.0100 0.0225 0.0400 0.0625 0.0900 0.1225 0.1600 0.2025 0.2500
3 0 0.8574 0.7290 0.6141 0.5120 0.4219 0.3430 0.2746 0.2160 0.1664 0.1250
3 1 0.1354 0.2430 0.3251 0.3840 0.4219 0.4410 0.4436 0.4320 0.4084 0.3750
3 2 0.0071 0.0270 0.0574 0.0960 0.1406 0.1890 0.2389 0.2880 0.3341 0.3750
3 3 0.0001 0.0010 0.0034 0.0080 0.0156 0.0270 0.0429 0.0640 0.0911 0.1250
4 0 0.8145 0.6561 0.5220 0.4096 0.3164 0.2401 0.1785 0.1296 0.0915 0.0625
4 1 0.1715 0.2916 0.3685 0.4096 0.4219 0.4116 0.3845 0.3456 0.2995 0.2500
4 2 0.0135 0.0486 0.0975 0.1536 0.2109 0.2646 0.3105 0.3456 0.3675 0.3750
4 3 0.0005 0.0036 0.0115 0.0256 0.0469 0.0756 0.1115 0.1536 0.2005 0.2500
4 4 0.0000 0.0001 0.0005 0.0016 0.0039 0.0081 0.0150 0.0256 0.0410 0.0625
5 0 0.7738 0.5905 0.4437 0.3277 0.2373 0.1681 0.1160 0.0778 0.0503 0.0313
5 1 0.2036 0.3281 0.3915 0.4096 0.3955 0.3602 0.3124 0.2592 0.2059 0.1563
5 2 0.0214 0.0729 0.1382 0.2048 0.2637 0.3087 0.3364 0.3456 0.3369 0.3125
5 3 0.0011 0.0081 0.0244 0.0512 0.0879 0.1323 0.1812 0.2304 0.2757 0.3125
5 4 0.0000 0.0004 0.0022 0.0064 0.0147 0.0284 0.0488 0.0768 0.1128 0.1563
5 5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0003 0.0010 0.0024 0.0053 0.0102 0.0185 0.0313
6 0 0.7351 0.5315 0.3772 0.2622 0.1780 0.1177 0.0754 0.0467 0.0277 0.0156
6 1 0.2321 0.3543 0.3993 0.3932 0.3560 0.3025 0.2437 0.1866 0.1359 0.0938
6 2 0.0306 0.0984 0.1762 0.2458 0.2966 0.3241 0.3280 0.3110 0.2780 0.2344
6 3 0.0021 0.0146 0.0415 0.0819 0.1318 0.1852 0.2355 0.2765 0.3032 0.3125
6 4 0.0001 0.0012 0.0055 0.0154 0.0330 0.0595 0.0951 0.1382 0.1861 0.2344
6 5 0.0000 0.0001 0.0004 0.0015 0.0044 0.0102 0.0205 0.0369 0.0609 0.0938
6 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0002 0.0007 0.0018 0.0041 0.0083 0.0156

23
 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO SCARBOROUGH
Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences
AUGUST 2016 EXAMINATIONS

STAB22H3 Statistics I
Duration: 3 hours

Last Name: First Name:

Student number:

Aids allowed:

- Two handwritten letter-sized sheets (both sides) of notes prepared by you

- Non-programmable, non-communicating calculator

Standard Normal, t and the binomial distribution tables are attached at the end.

This test is based on multiple-choice questions. There are 50 questions. All questions carry
equal weight. On the Scantron answer sheet, ensure that you enter your last name, first
name (as much of it as fits), and student number (in “Identification”).

Mark in each case the best answer out of the alternatives given (which means the nu-
merically closest answer if the answer is a number and the answer you obtained
is not given.)

Also before you begin, complete the signature sheet, but sign it only when the invigilator
collects it. The signature sheet shows that you were present at the exam.

There are 23 pages including this page and statistical tables. Please check to see that you
have all the pages.

Good luck!!
ExamVersion: B

1
1. A fair coin is tossed three times. What is the probability that it lands on heads exactly
one time?
(a) 0.125
(b) 0.250
(c) 0.333
(d) 0.375
(e) 0.500

2. In a country, 45% of the population has Type O blood, 40% Type A, 11% Type B,
and the rest Type AB. In a random sample of six people from this country, what is
the probability that no one has Type A blood?
(a) 0.047
(b) 2.400
(c) 0.004
(d) 3.600
(e) 0.036

3. To determine the mean cost of groceries in a certain city, an identical grocery basket
of food is purchased at each store in a random sample of ten stores. If the mean cost
and the standard deviation of this sample are $48.50 and $1.60, respectively, find a
98% confidence interval estimate of the mean cost of these groceries in the city.
√
(a) 48.50 ± 2.33 × 1.60
1.60
(b) 48.50 ± 2.33 × √
10
q
1.60
(c) 48.50 ± 2.33 × 10

(d) 48.50 ± 0.89 × 1.60

q
(e) 48.50 ± 2.821 × 1.6010

2
4. Suppose that for a certain Caribbean island in any 3-year period the probability of a
major hurricane is 0.25, the probability of water damage is 0.44, and the probability of
both a hurricane and water damage is 0.22. What is the probability of water damage
given that there is a hurricane?
(a) 0.46
(b) 0.5
(c) 0.69
(d) 0.88
(e) 0.91

5. The data are collected on an explanatory variable x and a response variable y and are
displayed in the scatterplot below.

One of the following equations is the least squares regression line for this data (with
values rounded off). Identify the one that was calculated from this data.
(a) ŷ = 0.5 + 3.5x
(b) ŷ = 3.5 + x
(c) ŷ = 3.5 + 2x
(d) ŷ = 0.5 + x
(e) ŷ = 3.5 + 0.5x

3
6. Employment data at a software company reveal that 41% of employees have a computer
science degree. 36% of the employees are female. 50% of the female employees have a
computer science degree. An employee is selected at random from this company. Let
C be the event that this randomly selected employee has a computer science degree.
Let F be the event that this randomly selected employee is female. Find P (C or F ).
(a) 0.77
(b) 0.23
(c) 0.18
(d) 0.41
(e) 0.59

7. In a clinical trial, 780 participants suffering from high blood pressure were randomly
assigned to one of three groups. Over a one-month period, the first group received
a low dosage of an experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of
the drug, and the third group received a placebo. The diastolic blood pressure of each
participant was measured at the beginning and at the end of the period and the change
in blood pressure was recorded. The biggest decrease in blood pressure was for those
who received the low dosage of the drug. Identify the response variable measured.
(a) The participants in the experiment
(b) The dosage of the drug
(c) The treatment received (placebo, low dosage, high dosage)
(d) The one-month period
(e) Change in diastolic blood pressure
8. John sells a magazine for raising money for homeless people. The probability of making
a sale is 0.1 for each person he approaches. Assume that people buy independently of
others and no one buys more than one magazine. Given that he approaches 6 people,
find the probability that he will make more than 2 sales.
(a) 0.0146
(b) 0.0159
(c) 0.0013
(d) 0.1143
(e) 0.0984

4
 9. Based on past experience, a bank believes that 5% of the people who receive loans will
not make payments on time. The bank has recently approved 300 loans. What is the
probability that more than 6% of these clients will not make timely payments?
(a) 0.215
(b) 0.573
(c) 0.786
(d) 0.427
(e) 0.794

10. An auto analyst is conducting a satisfaction survey, sampling from a list of 12,000 new
car buyers. The list includes 3000 Ford buyers, 3000 GM buyers, 3000 Honda buyers,
and 3000 Toyota buyers. The analyst selects a sample of 400 car buyers, by randomly
sampling 100 buyers of each brand.
Is this an example of a simple random sample?
(a) Yes, because each buyer in the sample was randomly sampled.
(b) Yes, because each buyer in the sample had an equal chance of being sampled.
(c) Yes, because car buyers of every brand were equally represented in the sample.
(d) No, because every possible sample of 400 buyers, did not have an equal chance
of being chosen.
(e) No, because the population consisted of purchasers of four different brands of
car.

11. Regression analysis was applied between sales (y in dollars) and advertising (x in
dollars) across all the branches of a major international corporation. The estimated
regression line is: ŷ = 5000 + 7.25x. If the advertising budgets of two branches of the
corporation differ by $ 30,000, then what will be the predicted difference in their sales?
(a) $ 217 500
(b) $ 222 500
(c) $ 5000
(d) $ 7.25
(e) $ 212 500

5
12. In the context of regression analysis, which of the following statements is/are true?

I All high leverage points are influential observations.

II Influential observations always decrease the coefficient of determination.

III All outliers are influential observations.

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) III only
(d) All three statements are true
(e) None of the three statements is true.
13. Events E and F are such that P (E) = 0.32, P (F ) = 0.15 and P (E and F ) = 0.048.
Which of the following statements regarding these events is true?
(a) The events E and F are both independent and mutually exclusive.
(b) The events E and F are neither independent nor mutually exclusive.
(c) The events E and F are mutually exclusive but not independent.
(d) The events E and F are independent but not mutually exclusive.
(e) The events E and F are mutually exclusive, but there is insufficient information
to determine whether or not they are independent.

14.
A popcorn company would like to determine the optimum microwave settings for pop-
ping a bag of its popcorn. They will test two different cooking times (4 minutes or 5
minutes) and three different temperature settings (low, medium or high). Three bags
of popcorn will be popped at each combination of factor levels in the same microwave,
with the order randomly determined. The percentage of unpopped kernels will then
be compared for each treatment
What is/are the factor(s) in this experiment?
(a) cooking time and temperature setting
(b) 4 minutes, 5 minutes, low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature
(c) percentage of unpopped kernels
(d) 4 min on low, 4 min on medium, 4 min on high, 5 min on low, 5 min on medium,
5 min on high
(e) bags of popcorn

6
15. Refer to question 14 above. Using the information in question 14 above, how many
bags of popcorn are required for this experiment?
(a) 9
(b) 15
(c) 6
(d) 18
(e) 12

16. The 95% confidence interval for a population mean based on a simple random sample
is (−4, 12). Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
(a) The observed sample mean is between -4 and 12.
(b) The population mean must be in the interval (−4, 12).
(c) The probability that the population mean is in (−4, 12) is 0.95.
(d) This interval cannot be correct since it includes values less than zero.
(e) None of the above.

17. You roll a fair die. If the die comes up with a number greater than 4, you win $70. If
not, you get to roll again. If the die comes up with a number greater than 4 the second
time, you win $30. Otherwise you win nothing. Create the probability function for the
amount you win at this game.
Amount won $70 $30 $0
(a) 2 8 16
P (Amount won) 6 36 36

Amount won $100 $70 $30 $0

(b) 4 8 8 16
P (Amount won) 36 36 36 36

Amount won $70 $30 $0

(c) 2 2 2
P (Amount won) 6 6 6

Amount won $100 $70 $30 $0

(d) 4 2 2 16
P (Amount won) 36 36 36 36

Amount won $70 $30

(e) 2 4
P (Amount won) 6 6

7
18. Suppose that 2.4% of people are left handed. If 30 people are selected at random, what
is the standard deviation of the number of right-handers in the group?
(a) 0.70272
(b) 0.72
(c) 5.5
(d) 0.84
(e) 2.34

19. In a group of 10 third graders, the mean height is 50 inches with a median of 47 inches,
while in a group of 12 fourth graders, the mean height is 54 inches with a median of
49 inches. If we put the two groups into one forming a group of 22 students, what is
the median height of the combined group?
(a) 48 inches.
(b) 54 inches.
10×47+12×49
(c) 22
inches
10×50+12×54
(d) 22
inches
(e) The median of the combined group cannot be determined from the given infor-
mation.
20. A golf ball is dropped from 15 different heights (in cm) and the height of the bounce is
d = −0.2+0.75×drop.
recorded (in cm.) The regression analysis gives the model bounce
A golf ball dropped from a height of 61 cm, bounced a height whose residual is −1.8
cm. What is the height of this bounce?
(a) 1.8
(b) 59.45
(c) 59.2
(d) 47.35
(e) 43.75

8
21. The Central Limit Theorem states that the sampling distribution of the sample mean is
approximately normal under certain conditions. Which of the following is a necessary
condition for the Central Limit Theorem to be used?
(a) The sample size must be sufficiently large.
(b) The sample mean must be greater than or equal to 30.
(c) The population from which we are sampling must be normally distributed.
(d) The population from which we are sampling must not be normally distributed.
(e) The mean of the population must be greater than or equal to 30.
22. The mean thrust of a certain model jet engine is 9500 pounds. Concerned that a
production process change might have lowered the thrust, an inspector tests a sample
of engines, calculating a mean of 9350 pounds with a p-value of 0.0069. Which of the
following is the most reasonable conclusion?
(a) 99.31% of the engines produced under the new process will have a thrust under
9350 pounds.
(b) 99.31% of the engines produced under the new process will have a thrust under
9500 pounds.
(c) 0.69% of the time an engine produced under the new process will have a thrust
over 9500 pounds.
(d) There is evidence at α = 0.01 to conclude that the new process is producing
engines with a mean thrust below 9350 pounds.
(e) There is evidence at α = 0.01 to conclude that the new process is producing
engines with a mean thrust below 9500 pounds.
23. The manager of a firm has told a potential investor that the mean monthly rent of
a 3-bedroom home is the area is $1500. The investor wants to check out this claim
on her own. In order to test H0 : µ = 1500 against H1 : µ 6= 1500 she obtains the
monthly rental charges for a random sample of 9 three-bedroom homes. The sample
mean is $1560 with the sample standard deviation $144. What is the value of the t-test
statistic for this test?
(a) 1.25
(b) -1.25
(c) 0.42
(d) -0.42
(e) 20

9
24. In a study of the relationship between how far the students live and the time it takes
them to get to the university, the student association of a university collected a random
sample of students and recorded the distance (x, in km) between the university and
their place of residence and the time (y, in minutes) it takes them to get to the
university. The least squares regression line is calculated to be ŷ = 2.3 + 1.7x. It
is reported that 75 percent of the variation in time (i.e. y) can be explained by this
regression on distance. What is the value of the correlation between distance and time?
(a) 0.250
(b) 0.866
(c) 0.625
(d) 0.563
(e) 0.750

25. An education researcher randomly selects 38 schools from one school district and in-
terviews all the teachers at each of the 38 schools. Identify the type of sampling used
in this example.
(a) Systematic sampling
(b) Cluster sampling
(c) Voluntary response sampling
(d) Census
(e) Stratified sampling
26. The amount of sleep per night for college students can be assumed to be normally
distributed with a mean of 7 hours and a standard deviation of 1.2 hours. About 95%
of college students sleep between
(a) 5.8 and 8.2 hours per night.
(b) 4.6 and 9.4 hours per night
(c) 6 and 8 hours per night
(d) 4 and 10 hours per night
(e) 3.4 and 10.6 hours per night

10
27. Events A and B are such that P (A) = 0.35, P (B) = 0.40 and P (A|B) = 0.28.
Calculate P (B|A).
(a) 0.245
(b) 0.320
(c) 0.500
(d) 0.700
(e) 0.800

28. A married couple decides to start a family and they really want to have a baby girl.
Due to financial considerations, they decided that they will have children until they
have a girl or a total of 3 children. Let X denote the number of boys in this family.
Find the mean of X.
Assume that the probability that any birth is a baby girl is 0.5 and the probability
that any birth is a baby boy is 0.5.
(a) 0.5
(b) 0.75
(c) 0.875
(d) 1
(e) 1.25

29. A researcher wants to investigate whether different forms of exercise can be used to
help hyperactive children. A group of 90 children is divided into two groups according
to age - those aged 9-12 and those aged 5-9. Within each age group the children are
randomly assigned to one of three groups. The first group will just do their normal
exercise. The second group will be given an additional exercise routine (moderate).
The third group will be given an additional exercise routine (strenuous). At the end of
a four month period parents will be asked to evaluate their children’s progress. Which
of the following best describes this experiment?
(a) This design is completely randomized over one factor (exercise).
(b) This is a randomized block design, blocking on age, with one factor, exercise.
(c) This is a randomized block design, blocking on exercise, with one factor, age.
(d) This design is completely randomized over two factors, exercise and age.
(e) This is an observational study.

11
30. Four pairs of data were used to determine the regression line ŷ = 4 + 3x. If the four
values of the independent variable (i.e. X variable) are 32, 24, 29 and 27, what is the
mean of the four values of the dependent variable (i.e Y variable)?
(a) 68
(b) 84
(c) 88
(d) 100
(e) This mean cannot be determined from the given information.

31. The mean age of a group of students is 25 years. This group included male and female
students. The total number of students (i.e. both male and female) in this group is
100. If the mean age of the male students in this group is 26 and that of the female
students is 21, then how many female students are there in this group?
(a) 20
(b) 40
(c) 50
(d) 60
(e) 70

32. Suppose that 11% of people are left handed. If 26 people are selected at random, what
is the mean of the number of right-handers in the group?
(a) 13
(b) 1.6
(c) 23.14
(d) 2.55
(e) 2.86

12
33. In a statistics course there were five quizzes. Each quiz was given a grade out of 5.
John did all five quizzes. The average of his five quiz grades is 3 and the variance
(y−ȳ)2
P
(calculated using the formula n−1 ) is 2.5. If the grades of his first three quizzes are
{1, 3, 5}, what are the grades of his remaining two quizzes?
(a) {2, 4}
(b) {3, 4}
(c) {1, 4}
(d) {1, 5}
(e) {3, 3}

34. In a left-tailed hypothesis test situation (i.e the alternative hypothesis is left-tailed),
the p-value based on a t-test is determined to be 0.1. If the sample size for this test is
51, what is the value of the t test statistic?
(a) 0.849
(b) -0.849
(c) 1.299
(d) -1.299
(e) -1.645

35. Nine hundred (900) high school freshmen were randomly selected for a national survey.
Among survey participants, the mean grade-point average (GPA) was 2.7, and the
standard deviation was 0.4. What is the margin of error of the 95% confidence interval
for the population mean?
(a) 0.013
(b) 0.026
(c) 0.052
(d) 0.500
(e) 1.960

13
36.
A survey asked 120 individuals (50 Males and 70 Females) for the primary way that
they receive their daily news: newspaper, television, radio, or internet . The responses
are shown in the bar chart below:

We randomly pick one individual from this group of 120 individuals. Define the events
A and B as follows:
A = The individual selected is a female
B = The individual selected uses internet as the primary way of receiving daily news.
Calculate P (B)
(a) 0.27
(b) 0.46
(c) 0.58
(d) 0.625
(e) 0.64

37. Refer to question 36 above. Using the information in question 36, calculate P (A|B)
(a) 0.167
(b) 0.286
(c) 0.46
(d) 0.58
(e) 0.625

14
38. In a large class, there were 263 students who wrote both the midterm and the final
exam. The standard deviation of the midterm grades was 14, and that of the final
exam was 19. The correlation between the grades on the midterm and the final was
0.65. John is a student in this class. His midterm grade was 22 points below the class
average for the midterm exam. Based on this information, how many points below the
final exam class average, would you predict his final exam grade to be?
(a) 14.3
(b) 19.4
(c) 22
(d) 8.0
(e) 3.0

39. A researcher uses a regression equation to predict home heating bills (dollar cost),
based on home size (square feet). The correlation between predicted bills and home
size is 0.60. Which of the following statements gives a correct interpretation of this
finding?
(a) 60% of the variability in home heating bills can be explained by home size.
(b) 36% of the variability in home heating bills can be explained by home size.
(c) For each added square foot of home size, heating bills increased by 60 cents.
(d) For each added square foot of home size, heating bills increased by 36 cents.
(e) 3600% of the variability in home heating bills can be explained by home size.

40. A major metropolitan newspaper selected a simple random sample of 1,600 readers from
their large population of subscribers. They asked whether the paper should increase its
coverage of local news. Based on this sample, 80% confidence interval for the proportion
of readers who would like more coverage of local news is (0.384090, 0.416093). What is
the 99% confidence interval for the proportion of readers who would like more coverage
of local news?
(a) 0.30 to 0.50
(b) 0.32 to 0.48
(c) 0.35 to 0.45
(d) 0.37 to 0.43
(e) 0.39 to 0.41

15
41. Of the coffee makers sold in an appliance store, 6.0% have either a faulty switch or a
defective cord, 2.4% have a faulty switch, and 0.3% have both defects. What percent
of the coffee makers will have a defective cord?
(a) 97.6 %
(b) 6.0 %
(c) 3.9 %
(d) 6.3 %
(e) 2.7 %

42. A national achievement test is administered annually to 3rd graders. The test has a
mean score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. If Jane’s z-score is 1.20, what is her
score on the test?
(a) 82
(b) 88
(c) 100
(d) 112
(e) 118

43. A magazine publisher mailed a survey to all of its subscribers asking if the magazine
is helpful in their daily lives. Every subscriber responded and 65% replied that the
magazine was helpful. The value 65% is known as what?
(a) The sample
(b) The population parameter of interest
(c) The population
(d) Statistic
(e) Sampling frame

16
44. If A and B are two events such that P (A) = 0.3, P (B) = 0.4, and events A and B are
independent. Calculate P (A or B).
(a) 0.12
(b) 0.58
(c) 0.60
(d) 0.70
(e) 0.80

45. In a large statistics class, the grades (out of 50) had a Normal distribution. 16 percent
of the class scored below 25. 2.5 percent of the class scored above 40. Which of the
following choices gives the best estimates of the mean and the standard deviation of
the grades?
(a) Mean = 32.5 and standard deviation = 2.5
(b) Mean = 32.5 and standard deviation = 5
(c) Mean = 32.5 and standard deviation = 10
(d) Mean = 30 and standard deviation = 2.5
(e) Mean = 30 and standard deviation = 5

46. In a study, 780 participants suffering from depression were randomly assigned to one
of three groups. Over a four-month period, the first group received a low dosage of
an experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of the drug, and the
third group received a placebo. At the end of the period each participant rated their
mood on a scale of 1-5. Which of the following best describes the treatments in this
experiment?
(a) The experimental drug, mood
(b) Placebo, low dosage, high dosage
(c) The dosage of the drug
(d) Mood level 1, mood level 2, mood level 3, mood level 4, mood level 5
(e) The experimental drug

17
47. The discrete random variable X has probability distribution given by
x -1 0 1 2 3
P (x) 0.2 a 0.1 a 0.2

What is the value of a.

(a) 0.05
(b) 0.10
(c) 0.20
(d) 0.25
(e) none of the above

48. A nursery owner claims that a recent drought stunted the growth of 22% of all her
evergreens. A botanist tests this claim by examining a simple random sample of 1100
evergreens and finds that 268 trees in the sample show signs of stunted growth. With
H0 : p = .22 and H1 : p 6= .22, what is the value of the test statistic?
(a) z=√ 0.244−0.22
1100×0.22×(1−0.22)

(b) z =2× √ 0.244−0.22

1100×0.22×(1−0.22)

(c) z= q0.244−0.22
0.22×(1−0.22)
1100

(d) z =2× q0.244−0.22

0.22×(1−0.22)
1100

(e) z =2× √ 0.244−0.22

1100×0.244×(1−0.244)

49. In a random sample of 1000 students, p̂ = 0.80 (or 80%) were in favor of longer hours
at the school library. What is the standard error of sample proportion?
(a) 0.013
(b) 0.160
(c) 0.640
(d) 0.800
(e) 12.65

18
50. Consider the two data sets A = {10, 30, 45, 50, 55, 70, 90} and
B = {10, 20, 45, 50, 55, 80, 90}.
Which of the following statements regarding the above two data sets is FALSE?
Note: Only one of these statements is false.
(a) The two sets A and B have identical medians.
(b) The two sets A and B have identical means.
(c) The two sets A and B have identical ranges.
(d) The two sets A and B have identical boxplots.
(e) The standard deviation of data set A is less than the standard deviation of
data set B.

END OF EXAM

19
 Tables of normal, binomial and t-distributions
prepared by Ken Butler
2015-06-03

Table Z (normal distribution)

Values of z greater than 0 are on the next page. Second decimal place is at the top of the column.
0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00
-3.8 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.7 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.6 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002
-3.5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
-3.4 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
-3.3 0.0003 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
-3.2 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007
-3.1 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010
-3.0 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013
-2.9 0.0014 0.0014 0.0015 0.0015 0.0016 0.0016 0.0017 0.0018 0.0018 0.0019
-2.8 0.0019 0.0020 0.0021 0.0021 0.0022 0.0023 0.0023 0.0024 0.0025 0.0026
-2.7 0.0026 0.0027 0.0028 0.0029 0.0030 0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035
-2.6 0.0036 0.0037 0.0038 0.0039 0.0040 0.0041 0.0043 0.0044 0.0045 0.0047
-2.5 0.0048 0.0049 0.0051 0.0052 0.0054 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0060 0.0062
-2.4 0.0064 0.0066 0.0068 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082
-2.3 0.0084 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0094 0.0096 0.0099 0.0102 0.0104 0.0107
-2.2 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0125 0.0129 0.0132 0.0136 0.0139
-2.1 0.0143 0.0146 0.0150 0.0154 0.0158 0.0162 0.0166 0.0170 0.0174 0.0179
-2.0 0.0183 0.0188 0.0192 0.0197 0.0202 0.0207 0.0212 0.0217 0.0222 0.0228
-1.9 0.0233 0.0239 0.0244 0.0250 0.0256 0.0262 0.0268 0.0274 0.0281 0.0287
-1.8 0.0294 0.0301 0.0307 0.0314 0.0322 0.0329 0.0336 0.0344 0.0351 0.0359
-1.7 0.0367 0.0375 0.0384 0.0392 0.0401 0.0409 0.0418 0.0427 0.0436 0.0446
-1.6 0.0455 0.0465 0.0475 0.0485 0.0495 0.0505 0.0516 0.0526 0.0537 0.0548
-1.5 0.0559 0.0571 0.0582 0.0594 0.0606 0.0618 0.0630 0.0643 0.0655 0.0668
-1.4 0.0681 0.0694 0.0708 0.0721 0.0735 0.0749 0.0764 0.0778 0.0793 0.0808
-1.3 0.0823 0.0838 0.0853 0.0869 0.0885 0.0901 0.0918 0.0934 0.0951 0.0968
-1.2 0.0985 0.1003 0.1020 0.1038 0.1056 0.1075 0.1093 0.1112 0.1131 0.1151
-1.1 0.1170 0.1190 0.1210 0.1230 0.1251 0.1271 0.1292 0.1314 0.1335 0.1357
-1.0 0.1379 0.1401 0.1423 0.1446 0.1469 0.1492 0.1515 0.1539 0.1562 0.1587
-0.9 0.1611 0.1635 0.1660 0.1685 0.1711 0.1736 0.1762 0.1788 0.1814 0.1841
-0.8 0.1867 0.1894 0.1922 0.1949 0.1977 0.2005 0.2033 0.2061 0.2090 0.2119
-0.7 0.2148 0.2177 0.2206 0.2236 0.2266 0.2296 0.2327 0.2358 0.2389 0.2420
-0.6 0.2451 0.2483 0.2514 0.2546 0.2578 0.2611 0.2643 0.2676 0.2709 0.2743
-0.5 0.2776 0.2810 0.2843 0.2877 0.2912 0.2946 0.2981 0.3015 0.3050 0.3085
-0.4 0.3121 0.3156 0.3192 0.3228 0.3264 0.3300 0.3336 0.3372 0.3409 0.3446
-0.3 0.3483 0.3520 0.3557 0.3594 0.3632 0.3669 0.3707 0.3745 0.3783 0.3821
-0.2 0.3859 0.3897 0.3936 0.3974 0.4013 0.4052 0.4090 0.4129 0.4168 0.4207
-0.1 0.4247 0.4286 0.4325 0.4364 0.4404 0.4443 0.4483 0.4522 0.4562 0.4602
0.0 0.4641 0.4681 0.4721 0.4761 0.4801 0.4840 0.4880 0.4920 0.4960 0.5000

20 1
Table Z (continued)

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.6 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.7 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.8 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999

21 2
Table T (t-distribution)

2-sided P-value 0.200 0.100 0.050 0.020 0.010

1-sided P-value 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005
df = 1 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657
df = 2 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925
df = 3 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841
df = 4 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604
df = 5 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032
df = 6 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707
df = 7 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499
df = 8 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
df = 9 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250
df = 10 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169
df = 11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106
df = 12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055
df = 13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012
df = 14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977
df = 15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947
df = 16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921
df = 17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898
df = 18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878
df = 19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861
df = 20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845
df = 21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831
df = 22 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819
df = 23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807
df = 24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797
df = 25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787
df = 26 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779
df = 27 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771
df = 28 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763
df = 29 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756
df = 30 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750
df = 32 1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738
df = 35 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724
df = 40 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704
df = 45 1.301 1.679 2.014 2.412 2.690
df = 50 1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678
df = 60 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660
df = 75 1.293 1.665 1.992 2.377 2.643
df = 100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626
df = 120 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617
df = 140 1.288 1.656 1.977 2.353 2.611
df = 180 1.286 1.653 1.973 2.347 2.603
df = 250 1.285 1.651 1.969 2.341 2.596
df = 400 1.284 1.649 1.966 2.336 2.588
df = 1000 1.282 1.646 1.962 2.330 2.581
df = 999999 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576
Confidence level 0.800 0.900 0.950 0.980 0.990

22 5
 Table of the Binomial Distribution
(Table shows probability of exactly k successes in n trials with success
probability p. Values of p are shown along the top of the table.)

p
n k 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
2 0 0.9025 0.8100 0.7225 0.6400 0.5625 0.4900 0.4225 0.3600 0.3025 0.2500
2 1 0.0950 0.1800 0.2550 0.3200 0.3750 0.4200 0.4550 0.4800 0.4950 0.5000
2 2 0.0025 0.0100 0.0225 0.0400 0.0625 0.0900 0.1225 0.1600 0.2025 0.2500
3 0 0.8574 0.7290 0.6141 0.5120 0.4219 0.3430 0.2746 0.2160 0.1664 0.1250
3 1 0.1354 0.2430 0.3251 0.3840 0.4219 0.4410 0.4436 0.4320 0.4084 0.3750
3 2 0.0071 0.0270 0.0574 0.0960 0.1406 0.1890 0.2389 0.2880 0.3341 0.3750
3 3 0.0001 0.0010 0.0034 0.0080 0.0156 0.0270 0.0429 0.0640 0.0911 0.1250
4 0 0.8145 0.6561 0.5220 0.4096 0.3164 0.2401 0.1785 0.1296 0.0915 0.0625
4 1 0.1715 0.2916 0.3685 0.4096 0.4219 0.4116 0.3845 0.3456 0.2995 0.2500
4 2 0.0135 0.0486 0.0975 0.1536 0.2109 0.2646 0.3105 0.3456 0.3675 0.3750
4 3 0.0005 0.0036 0.0115 0.0256 0.0469 0.0756 0.1115 0.1536 0.2005 0.2500
4 4 0.0000 0.0001 0.0005 0.0016 0.0039 0.0081 0.0150 0.0256 0.0410 0.0625
5 0 0.7738 0.5905 0.4437 0.3277 0.2373 0.1681 0.1160 0.0778 0.0503 0.0313
5 1 0.2036 0.3281 0.3915 0.4096 0.3955 0.3602 0.3124 0.2592 0.2059 0.1563
5 2 0.0214 0.0729 0.1382 0.2048 0.2637 0.3087 0.3364 0.3456 0.3369 0.3125
5 3 0.0011 0.0081 0.0244 0.0512 0.0879 0.1323 0.1812 0.2304 0.2757 0.3125
5 4 0.0000 0.0004 0.0022 0.0064 0.0147 0.0284 0.0488 0.0768 0.1128 0.1563
5 5 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0003 0.0010 0.0024 0.0053 0.0102 0.0185 0.0313
6 0 0.7351 0.5315 0.3772 0.2622 0.1780 0.1177 0.0754 0.0467 0.0277 0.0156
6 1 0.2321 0.3543 0.3993 0.3932 0.3560 0.3025 0.2437 0.1866 0.1359 0.0938
6 2 0.0306 0.0984 0.1762 0.2458 0.2966 0.3241 0.3280 0.3110 0.2780 0.2344
6 3 0.0021 0.0146 0.0415 0.0819 0.1318 0.1852 0.2355 0.2765 0.3032 0.3125
6 4 0.0001 0.0012 0.0055 0.0154 0.0330 0.0595 0.0951 0.1382 0.1861 0.2344
6 5 0.0000 0.0001 0.0004 0.0015 0.0044 0.0102 0.0205 0.0369 0.0609 0.0938
6 6 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0002 0.0007 0.0018 0.0041 0.0083 0.0156

23