For Major Corrections Jannery

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated
Bacolod City
Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)
Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024
Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1
Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model
Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 1 of 5
Subpart : 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
Author : John Carlo Salgado
The purpose of fabricating a turbine engine model is to provide students in aviation with
hands-on experience and practical knowledge about the functioning and maintenance of these
complex machines. Also, displaying physical turbine engine models in classrooms or labs,
allowing students to see and touch components, is crucial for aspiring aviators. Last year, in
the 2022-2023 batch, an AMT student at Fast Aviation Academy fabricated a turbine engine
model.
The
gas turbine
operates on the principle of the Brayton cycle, where compressed air is mixed with fuel and
burned under constant pressure conditions. The resulting hot gas is allowed to expand through
a turbine to perform work.
Turbojet engines were the first type of gas turbine engine invented. And even though they
look completely different than the reciprocating engine in your car or plane, they operate using
the same operation: intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust
Bacolod City
Subpart : 1.2 OBJECTIVES
Author : John Kenneth Laudato
1. To exhibit the parts and process needed to make the turbine engine of an aircraft in a small
design
2. To utilize as a sample for practical and familiarization activities of the aviation students,
specifically the aircraft maintenance technician (AMT) students.
3. To present a sample model of an aircraft turbine engine in a business proposal specifically

for the manufacturer of the turbine engine of an aircraft
Bacolod City
Subpart : 1.3 PROJECT PERIOD
Author : Isaac Rusollini Garibay
Day 1 Planning and Suplly Gathering 2.5 hours
Day 2 Layout, Cutting, Bending 1.5 hours
Day 3 Polishing 1.5 hours
Day 4 and 5 Making the Shafting and 3 hours

Bearing Installion
Day 6 and 7 Testing the Turbine. Polishing, 3 hours

Cutting the L-Bars and Forming
Day 8 and 9 Sanding and Painting 3 hours
Day 10 and 11 Final Assembly and Polishing 4 hours
Total Duration : 18.5 hours

Bacolod City
Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-

G1
Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 4 o 5

f
Subpart : 1.4 TARGET OUTCOME
Author : Dianna Gedaya
During the planning phase for the creation of the turbine engine model, our primary
focus is on adhering strictly to the outlined plan. Despite our determination to
achieve the desired model, we encounter various challenges stemming from the
division into three separate groups. However, due to a lack of information regarding
the size and diameter of the other groups, we unfortunately fail to meet our
intended outcome, even though the completion is achieved within the scheduled
timeframe.
Bacolod City
Part : 1 Content : Introduction PageASSEMBLY

FINAL : 5 of 5
Subpart : 1.5 ACTIVITY FLOW
Author : Johnnery Betita
CREATE
GATHER
DETAILED
MATERIALS COMPONENTS
DESIGN
INSTALLATION DEFINE
ASSEMBLE
OF BEARINGS SPECIFICATION
ADD
OPTIMIZE COMBUSTION
CHAMBE
Bacolod City
Subpart : 2.1 DISCUSSION OF KEY OF TERMS/SUBJECT

MATTER OF THE PROJECT
The aircraft turbine engine model has sections the compressor section, the
combustion section, the turbine section, and the exhaust section. The aircraft turbine
engine model is covered by a sheet metal called the nacelle. The compressor section
also has several components the impeller(rotor), the diffuser(stator), the compressor
guide vanes, the compressor bearing(main bearing) the low-pressure compressor, and
the high-pressure compressor.
The combustion section of the aircraft turbine engine is where the burning
process of the pressurized fuel happens. The combustion section has also several
components the combustion chamber, fuel nozzles, and igniter.
The turbine section of the aircraft turbine engine also has several parts the rotor
blades, the stator blades, the turbine guide vanes, and the turbine bearing. The turbine
is by the high-pressure compressor and also by the burned fuel and air from the
combustion section.
The main reason AMT2A students made this aircraft turbine engine model is to
showcase how exquisite the engine of an aircraft is to people, especially senior high
school students. Also to be part of the exhibition of the different systems and models
of aircraft. We made this aircraft turbine engine model to pass our class in turbines
because it is one of our requirements to pass that certain subject. So the upcoming
Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT) students will see the aircraft turbine engine
model that our batch made.
Bacolod City

The aircraft turbine engine was invented by Sir Hans von Ohain of Germany, who
was the designer of the first operational jet engine, though credit for the invention of
the jet engine went to Great Britain's Frank Whittle. Sir Hans von Ohain formulated
the theory in jet physics in 1933, after he received his degree in 1935. Sir Hans von
Ohain had built a factory-tested demonstration engine and, by 1939, a fully
operational jet aircraft, the He S.3B, the first fully operational centrifugal-flow
turbojet engine.
As time goes by, the advancement of technology is adapted by the aviation

industry, especially the engine manufacturers fabricating highly efficient engines. And
with that, there are now many types of aircraft turbine engines: the turboprop (turbojet
propeller), the turboshaft, the turbojet, and the turbofan. This type of turbine engine
has advantages and disadvantages, as well as a huge purpose.
The advantages of the turbo-prop engine make it more efficient at lower speeds
and altitudes, making it ideal for shorter regional flights and operations in areas with
limited infrastructure. speed compared to jet engines. The disadvantages of the turbo-
prop (turbo propeller engine) are its higher noise levels. Increased fuel consumption at
higher altitudes. Higher maintenance costs compared to jet engines. The turbo-prop
engine is widely used in short-distance travel and narrow runways.
Bacolod City

The advantages of the turbo-shaft engine are negligible cooling power required;
high-speed jets are a more efficient propulsive means than propellers at high flight
speeds. The disadvantages of the turbo-shaft engine are that high-speed jets are less
efficient propulsive means than propellers at lower flight speeds and burning take-off.
Turbo-shaft engines are widely used in military and aircraft carriers.
The advantages of turbojet engines are that turbojets produce significantly higher
thrust than propeller engines. High Operating Temperature: Turbojets can handle
elevated operating temperatures, enabling efficient performance at high heat levels.
The disadvantages of the turbojet engine are that turbojet engines tend to produce
considerable noise during operation, resulting in a noisy system. Low Thrust at
Takeoff and Climb: The engine may experience lower thrust during takeoff and climb,
affecting its initial performance. The turbojet engine is widely used in the military,
especially in supersonic aircraft.
The advantages of turbo-fan engines are that they make less noise, are more
efficient at lower airspeeds, use less fuel, and require more maintenance than a
turbojet engine. The disadvantages of the turbo-fan engine are that it is expensive to
acquire, operate, and maintain; it has high fuel consumption at low airspeeds and
altitudes; it is inefficient compared to turboprops; it emits environmentally harmful
contaminants; and its large diameter makes it unsuitable for supersonic aircraft (unless
the BPR is low). The turbo-fan engine is widely used in commercial aircraft.
Bacolod City
Subpart : 2.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS/RELATED

PROJECT
In this work, a turbojet gas turbine engine was modeled theoretically and
computationally. These models will help to study the performance of the turbojet
engines at different operating conditions without performing heavily expensive
experiments. The creation of such a computer model can be the basis for the
development of gas turbines and their digital control systems in the future. In
addition, it was necessary to carry out a basic study on the functional sequence in
a gas turbine engine, which involves highly complex aerodynamic and
thermodynamic processes. All of these actions were necessary to create a model
as realistically as possible and with high precision. From the results, it can be
seen that the error between the simulation and calculation is within 2%, and this
confirms the efficacy of the proposed models.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
281586711_Modelling_of_a_Turbojet_Gas_Turbine_Engine
The design of the microjet engine is prepared and drafted. The turbine and
NGV (Nozzle Guide Vanes) are being tested numerically as they are of higher
importance in thrust generation in an aircraft power plant. The max rpm chosen
was 250000 rpm at the beginning and brought down to 230000 rpm at further
iterations. The air cooling of the turbines will be of further importance in future
works. The test rigs for the MJE testing will be further developed in the second
phase of this project. The fuel will be brought from a helipad near our college,

Bacolod City
Subpart : 2.2 REVIEW OF PREVIOUS/RELATED

PROJECT
Planet-X. If any of our team gets the AICTE Idea Lab, student coordinator
post, this UAV jet propulsion will be embedded in our curriculum as well. This
prototype will be tested till the 0.6M regime till 100 feet. An MJE monitoring
system will be set up with a home-built computer. This can be used as a lab
facility for MJEs and even Gas Turbines. Thus the equipment set up for this
project will be a successful lab equipment in the future.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
354167778_DESIGN_AND_FABRICATION_OF_MICRO_JET_ENGINE_OF_
TW_OF_81
Small turbojet engines represent a special class of turbine-driven engines.

They are suitable for scientific purposes and research of certain thermodynamic
processes ongoing in turbojet engines. Moreover, such engines can be used for
research in the area of alternative fuels and new methods of digital control and
measurement. Our research, which is also presented in this article, is headed
toward these aims. We evaluate and propose a system of digital measurement of a
particular small turbojet engine - MPM 20. Such an engine can be considered a
highly non-linear large-scale system. According to the obtained data and
experiments, we propose different approaches to modeling the engine with the
use of analytic experimental and certain methods of artificial intelligence as new
methods of modeling complex systems.

Bacolod City
Subpart REVIEW OF PREVIOUS/RELATED

: 2.2 PROJECT
https://www.actamechanica.sk/pdfs/ams/2009/03/08.pdf
(PDF) Modelling of a Turbojet Gas Turbine Engine

Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 3.1 MATERIALS
Materials Unit/Quantity Price/CCost Market
Bearing 2pcs 50.00 Teddy Motrocycle

Parts
Welding Rod 1Box 100.00 Hardware
Plain Sheet 2x4Feet 126.00 Junkshop
Blind Rivets 1/4- 1/8 150.00 Hardware
Round Bar 4Feet & 11 inch 60.00 Junkshop
Angle Bar 11 Feet & 3 inch 200.00 Junkshop
Spray Paint 2Black & 1Grey 417.00 DIY
Butane Can 4pcs 100.00 Junkshop
Safety Wire 0.22- 1/8 40.00 Hardware
Total 1,243.00
Bacolod City
Subpart : 3.2 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Rubber mallets - Are utilized in order to straighten and smooth sheet metal blades.
Drills - Are employed for the purpose of creating holes in sheet metal.
Files - Serve the function of removing excess edges and providing a smooth finish to the
edges.
Bacolod City
Welding machines - Are used to install or attach two pieces of metal

together.
Dividers - Are utilized to establish precise measurements on sheet metal.
Aviation Snips -Are employed for cutting sheet metal.

Bacolod City
Grinders - On the other hand, are used to cut angle bars.
Bench Vice - Is used to securely hold specific objects such as sheet

metal turbine shafts.
Welding masks - Are employed to protect the eyes and face from smoke
produced during the use of welding machines.
Bacolod City
Gloves - Are worn to protect the hands when working with sharp
objects.
Earplugs - Are used to reduce noise generated by the machinery.
Goggles - Are worn to shield the eyes from debris and

particles originating from the sheet metal.
Bacolod City
The size of the drill bits - Commonly used are 1/8 and 1/4
inch.
Rivet guns - Are used to install rivets onto sheet metal.
Cutting discs - Are blades that are attached to grinders in order to

enhance the efficiency of cutting.
Steel rules - Are utilized to measure outlines on sheet metal

Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 3.3 BUDGET PLAN
Author : Diana Gedaya
MATERIAL QUALITY PRIZE MARKET
Bearings 2pcs 50php Ted motorcyle shop
Angle bar 11ft 3 inch 200 php Junkshop
Welding Rod 1box 100php Hardware
Plain sheet 2x4 126 php Junkshop
Blind Rivet 1\4-1\8sds 150php Hardware
Round bar 4ft 1inch 30php Junkshop
Spary paint 3pcs 417php Mr. DIY
Butane can 4 100php Junkshop
Alambre 0.22mm 1\4 40php Hardware
SNACK
Sky flakes 4 pcs 32php Mesti Store
Camel 1 pack per day 180php Mesti Store
Coke 2pcs per day 42php Mesti Store
Mt. Dew 2 pcs per day 43php Mesti Store

Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 3.3 BUDGET PLAN
PPE
Earplugs 1 set 57php Mr. DIY
Construction Gloves 1 set 23php Mr. DIY
Construction 1pc 25php Mr. DIY

Goggles
TOOLS
Cutting disc 2pcs 130php Hardware
Grinding disc 2pcs 180php Hardware
Drill Bit 2pcs 54php Hardware

Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 3.4 DETAILED PROCEDURE
1. This is how we fabricate our project turbine engine: first Isaac and Kenneth
purchased sheet metal in the junk shop, and then in the second step, Klaryn and
Cristine cleaned the sheet metal using a steel brush. Then in step three, Dan and Jag
lay out the turbine blades, and Ken and Isaac cut five circles of sheet metal for the
turbine fan blades. Step four: Klaryn, Kenneth, Dewles, Jag, and Isaac filed the
turbine blades before each blade was cut individually to form a fan blade. Next, in
step five, Ken and Isaac use their drill machine to drill a hole in the center of the
turbine fan blade so the bearing can be inserted into the stator to suit the shaft.
2. The group of Dianna purchased empty butane cans for the combustion
chamber. First, Rhell and Alfred drill holes in the butt of the can to allow any
leftover gas to escape, and second, Dianna washes the butane can with powdered
soap before letting it dry in the sun. Step three: John and Allana use sandpaper to
clean inside the butane can to remove the corrosion. Step five: Rhell cuts some flat
bar, and Alfred and John connect all the butane cans using a flat bar.
3. The group, led by Carlo, purchased sheet metal to create the compressor
blades. First, Klein and Kurt purchased sheet metal in the junk shop, and then in the
second step, Mark cleaned the sheet metal using a steel brush. Then, in step three,
Klein laid out the turbine blades, and Kurt and Mark cut four circles of sheet metal
for the compressor fan blades.
Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 3.4 DETAILED PROCEDURE
Step four: Mark and Carlo filed the turbine blades before each blade was cut
individually to form a fan blade. Next, in step five, Kurt and Carlo make a long
circle of sheet metal, and Klein uses a riveting gun to rivet the edge so that it won't
open the sheet metal. In step six, Mark and Klein use a drill machine to drill a
specific hole in the center of the compressor blades to fit in the long sheet metal.
4. The whole section decided to make a stand and housing for the turbine
project. First Brit and Dewles bought an angle bar and a round bar in the junk shop
for the stand. Step two: Von and Edwin use a grinder to clean up the corrosion in
the angle bar. Step three: Brit and Dan use a welding machine to weld the stand.
Step 4: The group of Carlo and the group of Kenneth combine the sheet metal to
make a housing. Step five: John cut some flat bar to make a bracing in the housing,
and Isaac and Ken drill a hole in the housing and flat bar and put rivets to connect
them together. Step six: Brit uses a welding machine to add some round bar to the
shaft to extend the shaft to fit the compressor blades, turbine blades, and
combustion chamber. Step seven: Jag and Kurt use an electrical drill to drill a hole
in the housing and stand to connect together. Step eight: The whole section
combined the parts of each group to assemble the turbine engine. The group of
Dianna put the combustion chamber first in the middle of the shaft, then the group
of Kenneth put the turbine in the front, and lastly, the group of Carlo put the
compressor blade in the rear part of the shaft. Step nine: Brit uses a welding
machine to put the stand in the shaft of the housing and is done.

Bacolod City
Subpart : 4.1 ACTUAL PROJECT
Author : John Kenneth Lauddato
The aircraft turbine engine model is made from scratch materials from junk shops,
such as steel angle bars and sheet metal. The sheet metal that was used for the stator
and rotor blades of the compressor section and the nacelle of the aircraft turbine
engine model is from the door of the refrigerator bought at the junk shop. The
compressor of the aircraft turbine engine looks like a rotor of an electric fan. The
color of the combustion section of the turbine engine model is black because inside
of the combustion chamber where the fuel and air mix and being ignited, that is
why the color of the combustion section is black. The color of the turbine blades of
the turbine is black because that is where the burned gasses pass through. The color
of the nacelle of the aircraft turbine engine model is white on the outside and black
on the inside..
(Figure 4.1)
Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 4.2 TARGET OUTCOME VS. ACTUAL

PROJECT
The difference between our actual project and the target outcome is that our project
doesn't have a turbo fan blade, and the compressor blades are not the same size. The
difference between our actual project and the target outcome is that our actual
project combustion chamber is made from butane cans, while the target outcome is
made from titanium alloy. The turbine blades of our actual project are made of the
skin of the refrigerator, compared to the target outcome that is made from titanium
alloy. The stand of the actual project is an angle bar that Brit and Isaac bought in
the junk shop, and the stand of the target outcome is made from solid metals. The 2-
A section did not get the perfect target outcome.
The similarities between the actual project and the target outcome are that the target
outcome and actual project have compressor blades, combustion chambers, and
turbine blades. The actual project and target outcomes both stand and have the same
flow of air. And the actual project of our turbine engine project has the same
housing and engine shaft as the target outcome.
Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 4.3 FINDINGS

Upon review of the target outcome and the actual project, several differences
can be observed. Despite this, certain aspects of the plan were indeed accurate.
Initially, it is essential to note discrepancies, such as the quantity of stators and
rotors. While the target outcome specified the use of 5 stators and rotors, the actual
project deviated from this in terms of the turbine engine's length, the number of
cans utilized, as well as the diameter and sizes. Conversely, similarities between the
target outcome and the final product include the color of the turbine engine, the
number of bearings employed, and the base of the turbine engine.
Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 4.4 RECOMMENDATION
To improve future projects, the following recommendations: Unified Planning:

To ensure that all project participants have the same knowledge of the target
outcomes and follow the requirements during the process. Regular Communication:
To ensure consistency, organizations should regularly check and use different
communication methods. Seeking assistance: Promote student and instructor
collaboration. Documentation and Review: Emphasize the importance of project
documentation, including precise plans and regular reviews to assess progress
against the initial goals. Can identify and fix errors promptly. By following these
recommendations, future projects can better meet goals, leading to better results.
Bacolod City

G1

f
Subpart : 4.5 CONCLUSION
The project to build an aviation turbine engine from scratch using parts found in
junk shops encountered obstacles and deviated from the original plan. Significant
differences occurred in the size and accuracy of turbine elements, even though the
project finished on time and with a 75% similarity to the target. Although the
construction was distinctive because of the use of recyclable materials—such as
refrigerator door sheet metal and an empty butane gas can for the combustion
chamber—contact problems between the nacelle and the blades caused an
unintentional sound to occur during rotation.
Although the project successfully followed its schedule, it ran into problems
with laziness and imprecise distance measurement. Specifically, inconsistent blade
lengths and an unsteady combustion chamber brought attention to the deficiencies
in attaining the required accuracy. There were differences in the finished product
because of the segmented approach and imprecise measurements. The team
members Johnnery, John Kenneth, Isaac, and Diana Rose showed coordination in
their commitment to finishing the task. While the team's dedication was
demonstrated by the project's timely completion, precision and uniformity were
lacking.

For Major Corrections Jannery

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

For Major Corrections Jannery

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

For Major Corrections Jannery

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

FAST Aviation Academy Incorporated

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 1 of 5

Subpart : 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Author : John Carlo Salgado

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 2 of 5

Subpart : 1.2 OBJECTIVES

Author : John Kenneth Laudato

3. To present a sample model of an aircraft turbine engine in a business proposal specifically

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 3 of 5

Subpart : 1.3 PROJECT PERIOD

Author : Isaac Rusollini Garibay

Day 1 Planning and Suplly Gathering 2.5 hours

Day 2 Layout, Cutting, Bending 1.5 hours

Day 3 Polishing 1.5 hours

Day 4 and 5 Making the Shafting and 3 hours

Day 6 and 7 Testing the Turbine. Polishing, 3 hours

Day 8 and 9 Sanding and Painting 3 hours

Day 10 and 11 Final Assembly and Polishing 4 hours

Total Duration : 18.5 hours

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 4 o 5

Subpart : 1.4 TARGET OUTCOME

Author : Dianna Gedaya

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction PageASSEMBLY

Subpart : 1.5 ACTIVITY FLOW

Author : Johnnery Betita

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 1 of 2

Subpart : 2.1 DISCUSSION OF KEY OF TERMS/SUBJECT

Author : John Kenneth Laudato

Course : Aircraft Maintenance Technology (AMT-2)

Subject : Technical Report Writing S.Y. : 2023-2024

Report : Project Completion Report Code : 2024-AMT2A-G1

Title : Fabrication of an Aircraft Turbine Engine Model

Part : 1 Content : Introduction Page : 1 of 2

Subpart : 2.1 DISCUSSION OF KEY OF TERMS/SUBJECT

Author : John Kenneth Laudato