Phonetic Alphabet

 Pilots and those in the aviation profession learn a special type of alphabet: the
aviation alphabet or the International Civil Aviation Organization's alphabet. This is
the alphabet used by pilots, air traffic controllers, airline customer service agents and
the military, among others, to correctly issue instructions.

 The International Civil Aviation Organization created the International Radiotelephony

Spelling Alphabet, tied to the English alphabet, to ensure that letters are properly
pronounced and understood by air traffic controllers and pilots around the world,
despite what languages are spoken. The ICAO alphabet (as it's called for short) is
used to avoid mistakes caused by letters and numbers that sound similar. Some letters
—M and N, B and D—are easy to mistake for each other. That can be exacerbated if
there is static or interference when communicating between the cockpit and the
tower.

 As an example, every aircraft has a tail number, like N719BW. When a pilot speaks with
air traffic control or ground control, that plane would be identified as "November
Seven One Niner Bravo Whiskey."

The Aviation Alphabet Worldwide

There are a few variations in this alphabet. Outside of North America, some pilots use the
non- English spellings Alfa (instead of Alpha) and Juliett (instead of Juliet). This is because
speakers of languages other than English and French may not know that "ph" is pronounced
like the letter "f." With Juliett, the extra T is added because French speakers know that the
single letter T is silent.

The ICAO Phonetic Alphabet

ICAO offers recordings and posters that help users properly pronounce the numbers and letters.

 A: Alpha  N: November
 B: Bravo  O: Oscar
 C: Charlie  P: Papa
 D: Delta  Q: Quebec
 E: Echo  R: Romeo
 F: Foxtrot  S: Sierra
 G: Golf  T: Tango
 H: Hotel  U: Uniform
 I: India  V: Victor
 J: Juliet  W: Whiskey
 K: Kilo  X: X-ray
 L: Lima  Y: Yankee
 M: Mike  Z: Zulu
ICAO Numbers

The ICAO also offers guidance on pronouncing numbers.

 0: Zero  6: Six
 1: One  7: Seven
 2: Two  8: Eight
 3: Three  9: Niner
 4: Four  100: Hundred
 5: Five

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CAAP SYSTEM

Under the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, airports can be classified into
international and domestic airports.

International airports are those capable of handling international flights.

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

IATA CODE CITY AIRPORT NAME PROVINCE

CRK Angeles City Diosdado Pampanga
Macapagal
DVO Davao City Francisco Bangoy Davao del Sur
GES General Santos City Gen. Santos Airport South Cotabato
KLO Kalibo Kalibo Int’l. Airport Aklan
LAO Laoag City Laoag Int’l. Airport Ilocos Norte
CEB Lapu-lapu City Mactan Int’l Airport Cebu
MNL Pasay-Parañaque Ninoy Aquino Int’l Manila
City Airport
PPS Puerto Princesa City Puerto Princesa Apt. Palawan
SFS Morong Morong Airport Bataan
ZAM Zamboanga City Zamboanga Airport Zamboanga

The World's Top 10 Airports of 2019, voted for by airport customers from across the world
during the 2018-2019 World Airport Survey (Skytrax)
IATA CODE CITY AIRPORT NAME COUNTRY
SIN Singapore Changi Int’l. Apt Singapore
HND Ota City, Tokyo Haneda Int’l. Apt. Japan
ICN Incheon Incheon Int’l. Apt. South Korea
DOH Doha Hamad Int’l. Apt. Qatar
HKG Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR
Int’l. Apt.
NGO Aichi Centrair Nagoya Japan
MUC Munich Munich Int’l Apt. Germany
LHR London London Heathrow UK
Int’l. Apt.
NRT Narita Tokyo Narita Int’l. Apt. Japan
ZRH Zurich Zurich Airport Switzerland

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World's Best 30 Airlines for 2019

# AIRLINE CODE AIRLINE MAIN HUB

1 QR Qatar Airways Doha, Qatar
2 SQ Singapore Airlines Singapore
3 NH ANA All Nippon Airways Tokyo, Japan
4 CX Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
5 EK Emirates Dubai, UAE
6 BR Eva Air Taipei, Taiwan
7 HU Hainan Airlines Hainan, China
8 QF Qantas Airways Australia
9 LH Lufthansa Germany
10 TG Thai Airways Thailand
11 JL Japan Airlines Tokyo, Japan
12 GA Garuda Indonesia Indonesia
13 SR Swiss International Airlines Switzerland
14 CZ China Southern Airlines Guangzhou, China
15 OS Austrian Airlines Vienna, Austria
16 NZ Air New Zealand Auckland, New Zealand
17 PG Bangkok Airways Bangkok, Thailand
18 KL KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Amsterdam, Netherlands
19 BA British Airways London, England
20 AK Air Asia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
21 VS Virgin Atlantic London, UK
22 SU Aeroflot Moscow, Russia
23 AF Air France Paris, France
24 HX Hong Kong Airlines Hong Kong
25 VA Virgin Australia Virgin Australia
26 IB Iberia Madrid, Spain
27 TK Turkish Airlines Istanbul, Turkey
28 OZ Asiana Airlines South Korea
29 EY Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi, UAE
30 PR Philippine Airlines Manila, Philippines

Domestic Airlines in the Philippines

5J - Cebu Pacific
Z2 - Air Asia
Philippines 2P- PAL
Express
M8 - Sky Jet
DG - Cebgo
T6 - Air Swift

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 International Air Transport Associations (IATA)

IATA - The International Air Transport Association - was founded in Havana,

Cuba, in April 1945. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting
safe, reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's
consumers. The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100
times larger than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of
that growth, which would have been much less spectacular without the
standards, practices and procedures developed within IATA.
At its founding, IATA had 57 Members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and
North America. Today it has over 270 Members from more than 140 nations in every
part of the globe.
The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association
founded in The Hague in 1919 - the year of the world’s first international scheduled
services.

This was reflected in the 1945 Articles of Association and a much more
precise definition of IATA's aims than had existed before 1939.

 To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the peoples
of the world, to foster air commerce, and to study the problems connected
therewith;
 To provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises engaged
directly or indirectly in international air transport service;
 To cooperate with the newly created International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO
- the specialized United Nations agency for civil aviation) and other international
organizations.

INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) TRAFFIC CONFERENCE AREA

This IATA Traffic Conference Area was conceptualized to easily divide the world into
only 3 areas. This is used mainly for airline purposes especially in determining the RATE
or PRICE of a ticket. Price of a ticket in the same TC area is usually related to each
other.

There are more than 17,000 city and airport codes. Below are the major cities and
airport codes.

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AIRLINE /CITY /AIRPORT CODES

AREA 1 – NORTH / CENTRAL / SOUTH AMERICA

Country State / Capital City Airport Code

Canada Ottawa YOW
Charlottetown YYG
Edmonton YEG
Halifax YHZ
Montreal YMQ
Ontario ONT
Quebec YQB
Toronto YYZ
Vancouver YVR
Winnipeg YWG
Greenland Nuuk GOH

Country State / Capital City Airport Code

United States of Washington DC WAS
America Washington Dulles Apt IAD
Alabama – Montgomery MGM
Alaska – Juneau JNU
Arizona – Phoenix PHX
Arkansas – Little Rock LIT
California – Sacramento SMF
Los Angeles LAX
San Diego SAN
San SFO
Francisco DEN
Colorado – Denver MIA
Florida – Miami TPA
Tampa ORL
Orlando MCO
Orlando International Airport ATL
Georgia – Atlanta HNL
Hawaii – Honolulu BOI
Idaho – Boise SPI
Illinois – Springfield CHI
Chicago ORD
Chicago O’ Hare Int’l. Apt. IND
Indiana – Indianapolis DSM
Iowa – Des Moines TOP
Kansas – Topeka BTR

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 Louisiana – Baton Rouge
New MSY
Orleans Maine – AUG
Augusta Massachusetts BOS
– Boston Michigan – LAN
Lansing MSP
Minnesota – Minneapolis St. Paul JAN
Mississippi – Jackson MCI
Missouri – Kansas City Int’l. Apt. STL
St. Louis HLN
Montana – Helena LNK
Nebraska – Lincoln SAF
New Mexico – Sta. NYC
Fe EWR
New York – New York City ALB
Newark Int’l. Apt.
Albany

Country State / Capital City Airport

Code
United States of America North Carolina – RDU
Raleigh North Dakota – BIS
Bismarck Ohio – CMH
Columbus CVG
Cincinnati PDX
Oregon – Portland HAR
Pennsylvania – Harrisburg PIT
Pittsburg PHL
Philadelphia PVD
Rhode Island – Providence CAE
South Carolina – Columbia PIR
South Dakota – Pierre BNA
Tennessee – Nashville MEM
Memphis AUS
Texas – Austin DFW
Dallas Forth Worth HOU
Houston SLC
Utah –Salt Lake City RIC
Virginia – Richmond SEA
Washington State – Seattle CRW
West Virginia – Charleston MSN
Wisconsin – Madison CYS

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 Wyoming – Cheyenne
Argentina Buenos Aires BUE

Brazil Brasilia BSB

Sao Paolo SAO
Rio de Janeiro GIG
Bolivia La Paz LPB
Chile Santiago SCL
Concepcion CCP
Columbia Bogota BOG
Ecuador Quito UIO
French Guiana Cayenne CAU
Guyana Georgetown GEO
Mexico Mexico City MEX
Nicaragua Managua MGA
Paraguay Asuncion ASU
Peru Lima LIM

Country State / Capital City Airport

Code
Uruguay Montevideo MVD
Venezuela Caracas CCS
Antigua & Barbuda St. Johns ANU
Barbados Bridgetown BGI
Belize Belize City BZE
Costa Rica San Jose SJO
Cuba Havana HAV
Dominica Roseau DCF
Dominican Republic Sto. Domingo SDQ
El Salvador San Salvador SAL
Grenada Georgetown GND
Guatemala Guatemala City GUA
Haiti Port-au-prince PAP
Honduras Tegucigalpa TGU
Jamaica Kingston KIN
Nicaragua Managua MGA
Panama Panama City PTY
St. Kitts & Nevis Basseterre SKB
Trinidad & Tobago Port of Spain NOS
The Bahamas Nassau nas

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AREA 2 – EUROPE / MIDDLE EAST/ AFRICA

Country State / Capital City Airport

Code
EUROPE
Albania Tirana TIA
Andorra Andorra la Vella ALV
Armenia Yerevan EVN
Austria Vienna VIE
Graz GRZ
Linz LNZ
Belarus Minsk MSQ
Belgium Brussels BRU
Antwerp ANR
Boznia-Herzegovina Sarajevo SJJ
Bulgaria Sofia SOF
Croatia Zagreb ZAG
Czech Republic Prague PRG
Denmark Copenhagen CPH
England London LON
Estonia Tallinn TLL
Finland Helsinki HEL
France Paris PAR
Charles de Gaulle Int’l. Apt. CDG
Lyon LYS
Marseille MRS
Nice NCE
Monte Carlo MCM
Georgia Tbilisi TBS
Germany Berlin BER
Cologne CGN
Frankfurt FRA
Hamburg HAM
Munich MUC
Gibraltar Gibraltar GIB
Greece Athens ATH
Hungary Budapest BUD
Iceland Reykjavik REK
Ireland Dublin DUB
Italy Rome ROM
Leonardo da Vinci – Fiumicino FCO
Apt. Milan MXP

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 Naples NAP
Venice VCE
Latvia Riga RIX
Lithuania Vilnius VNO
Luxemburg Luxemburg LUX
Macedonia Skopje SKP
Netherlands Amsterdam AMS
Rotterdam RTM
Northern Ireland Belfast BFS
Norway Oslo OSL
Poland Warsaw WAW
Portugal Lisbon LIS
Romania Bucharest BUH
Russia Moscow MOW
Scotland Edinburgh EDI
Slovakia Bratislava BTS
Slovenia Ljubljana LJU
Spain Madrid MAD
Barcelona BCN
Seville SVQ
Valencia VAL
Sweden Stockholm STO
Switzerland Zurich ZRH
Berne BRN
Geneva GVA
Turkey Istanbul IST
United Kingdom London LON
London Heathrow Int’l. Apt. LHR
London Gatwick Int’l. Apt. LGW
Manchester MAN
Glasgow GLA
Ukraine Kiev IEV
Wales Cardiff CWL
Yugoslavia Belgrade BEG

MIDDLE EAST
Bahrain Bahrain Int’l. Apt. (Manama) BAH
Egypt Cairo CAI
Alexandria ALY
Iran Tehran THR
Iraq Baghdad BGW
Israel Tel Aviv TLV
Jordan Amman AMM

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 Kuwait Kuwait City KWI
Lebanon Beirut BEY
Oman Muscat MCT
Qatar Doha DOH
Saudi Arabia Jeddah JED
Riyadh RUH
UAE Abu Dhabi AUH
Dubai DXB
Yemen Sanaa SAH
AFRICA
Ethiopia Addis Ababa ADD
Kenya Nairobi NBO
Libya Tripoli TIP
Angola Luanda LAD
Nigeria Lagos LOS
Sudan Khartoum KRT
Zambia Lusaka LUN
South Africa Cape Town CPT

AREA 3 – ASIA / AUSTRALIA

Country State / Capital City Airport

Code
ASIA
Afghanistan Kabul KBL
Bangladesh Dhaka DAC
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BWN
Myanmar Napyidaw NYT
China Beijing Int’l. Apt. PEK
Guangzhou CAN
Shanghai SHA
Hong Kong HKG
Macau MFM
India New Delhi DEL
Bombay BOM
Calcutta CCU
Indonesia Jakarta JKT
Japan Tokyo TYO
Tokyo – Narita Int’l. NRT
Apt. Tokyo – Haneda HND
Int’l. Apt. Osaka OSA
Cambodia Phnom Penh PNH

North Korea Pyongyang FNJ

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South Korea Seoul SEL
Laos Vientiane VTE
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur KUL
Mongolia Ulan Bator ULN
Nepal Kathmandu KTM
Pakistan Karachi KHI
Lahore LHE
Philippines Manila MNL
Cebu CEB
Davao DVO
Kalibo KLO
Puerto Princesa PPS
Tagbilran TAG
Singapore Singapore City SIN
Sri Lanka Colombo CMB
Taiwan Taipei TPE
Vietnam Hanoi HAN
Ho Chi Minh SGN
AUSTRALIA
Australia Canberra CBR
Brisbane BNE
Melbourne MEL
Perth PER
Sydney SYD
Guam Agana GUM
New Caledonia Noumea NOU
New Zealand Auckland AKL
Christchurch CHC

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