POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN SINCE 2008-2018

STUDENT NAME: Muhammad Jameel

STUDENT NUMBER: 151927

COURSE NAME: Bachelor of Sciences

DEPARTMENT: Department of Political Science

SUPERVISOR: Mr. Adil Javed (lecturer)

DATE OF SUBMISSION: December 31, 2018

1
 CONTENTS
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………………...3

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………4

Literature Review………………..……………………………………………………………………….4-5

Synthesis/Problems…………………………………………………………………………………………5

Theoretical Framework………………………………………………..……………………………………6

Significance of Political Development………………………………………………..……………………6

Major/Minor Questions……………………………………………………………………………………..6

Objectives………………………………………………………….……………………………………….7

Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………………..7

Bibliography…………...……………………………………………………………………………………7

2
 ABSTRACT

Political development plays a vital role in the democratic setup of government. It is very
necessary to Pakistan’s democracy. It is refer to the process of politicization, increasing
participation or involvement of the citizens in state activities, in power calculations, and
its consequences. Political development emphasizes the process of modernization and is a
closely related phenomenon of social mobilization with increasing political participation.
The rates of mobilization and participation are high; the rates of organization and
institutionalization are low. This study would be contains on the mix method of research.
Due to my study I shall collect of my data from the primary and secondary sources. I
shall highlight the problem and their solutions.

3
Introduction:
In Democratic States, the political development play a vital role to modernize its
institutions and it is also refers to the process of politicization, increasing participation or
involvement of the citizens in state activities, in power calculations, and its
consequences. There is a great importance of organizational strength for political
development. However, the strength of political organizations and procedures vary with
their scope of support and their level of institutionalization.
Political development emphasizes the process of modernization and is a closely related
phenomenon of social mobilization with increasing political participation. The rates of
mobilization and participation are high; the rates of organization and institutionalization are low.
In developing countries the conflict between mobilization and institutionalization is the crux of
politics. In this perspective, a balanced view of the politics in developing countries requires more
attention to the art of interest articulation and aggregation, for the growth of political institutions.
The participation of the people plays a vital role to make a strong democratic form of
government. Strong institutions deliver very appreciable. The people should be well aware to
perform their duties smoothly.

Literature Review:

 Political participation is very necessary for the political development in Pakistan. The
political participation is linked to the electoral procedures which comprise other
techniques more than voting. Political participation is a process that leads to freedom of
speak. It gives opportunity to accumulate and contact. Further it is the ability to take part
in the behavior of public affairs. There is availability of chance to narrative as a candidate
for some elected body and having opportunity to campaign for election process. In this
process may be elected and holding public offices at all levels of government. He also
says that the democratic performances are remained poor in Pakistan due to the
developing country in the world. It can be clarified by several techniques. The
constitutional and electoral necessities among institutional factors destabilized
responsibility and receptive government. The leadership of Pakistan battered by deceitful
political personalities and encouraged for self-interest motivation with materialistic
benefits and bestowed interests. Meaningful participation of public in their political

4
 affairs is minimal due to the education of people in democracy. Here, he is noted that the
woman can also participate in the elections as a candidates and she can also gets more
experiences regarding political affairs.
 According to the overview of article of “Irshad Ahmad Haqqani”, he stated in his article
“Failure of Democracy in Pakistan”, that “the political development just deals with the
positive behavior of the politicians. They should be organize, prefer to sort out the
problems of the people and they should focus on the social mobilization in Pakistan.
 “Dr Hasan Askari Rizvi” stated that in his Article “Institutional Imbalance”, he says that,
in a country like Pakistan where democracy is trying to rehabilitate itself after long years
of military rule, some institutions and power players are trying to retain their hitherto
privileged position while others are attempting to expand their domain. The civilian
political institutions, especially the elected civilian federal government, often find
themselves under pressure from the military that has a long tradition of dominating the
political process, and the superior judiciary that has acquired a hyperactive profile to
extend its domain in the post 2009 period.

Synthesis/Problems:

 Through my study, I shall highlight the behavior of the political parties in the democratic
system of Pakistan and how it failed to be continued?
 Military intervention in Pakistan politics, why they did so?
 How the civilians and politicians can settle their misunderstanding regarding Pakistan’s
affairs?

5
Theoretical Framework:

The Lucian W. Pye concept of Political Development is more suitable for Pakistan to
make strong its institutions because he stated some important characteristics of Political
development. Such as; political development deals with as the political modernization,
the operation of nation state, administrative and level development , mobilization and
participation, the building of democracy, stability or orderly change, mobilization and
power and multi-dimensional process of social change etc. As he says that the political
development could be stressed at three levels viz., first with reference to the population as
a whole, second with reference to the level of governmental and general systemic
performance and the third with reference to the organization of the policy. He also offers
three aspects which are; Equality, Capacity and Differentiation.

Significance of Political Development:

Political development has a greater importance for the political system of the developed
states and also for the developing states. It is also known as the backbone of the
democratic states. Especially in Pakistan, it is very necessary to modernize the
institutions, social mobilization and the political participation across the country.
Through political development, the people will be well aware about the behavior of the
government and also about the behavior of the different institutions of the government.
They will be enabled to know about their rights and duties toward the state’s affairs.

Major/Minor Questions:

I. What is the behavior of the political parties and how it should be?
II. How the free and fair elections can be held in Pakistan?
III. What are the new patterns which helps us to modernize our institutions?
IV. How it is possible to reduce the influence of the feudal in the institutions?

6
Objectives:

I shall highlight the general elections process, mass participation in the elections, role of
media during general elections, institutional performances, role of bureaucracy, role of
political parties and the general will of the peoples regarding democracy.

Methodology:

My research will be comprises on mix method of research. Because

I’ll collect information regarding institutions of the government through the theoretical and
practical perspective which would consists of the role of political parties, public opinion
regarding democratic setup in Pakistan and participation of masses during the general
elections in Pakistan.

Bibliography:
i. Introduction; political development in Pakistan, Articles.
ii. Literature review; “The significance of political participation in political development;
the case study of Pakistan” by “Muhammad Ibrahim”/Article; “Failure of Democracy
in Pakistan” by “Irshad Ahmad Haqqani”/ “Institutional Imbalance” by Dr.
Hasan Askari Rizvi”.
iii. Theoretical Framework; “Concept of Political Development” by “ Lucian W. Pye”.