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Heredity and Evaluation
Heredity and Evaluation
Heredity and Evaluation
Learning Objective: To enable the students to experience the Aah, Aha and HaHa on this
topic.
Learning Outcomes:
➢ What is Heredity?
➢ What is the location of gene?
➢ What is meiosis and mitosis?
➢ What is dominant and recessive?
➢ What is evolution?
Activity-1 20
Heredity and
What is Heredity?
evolution
Activity-2 15
Heredity and What are gene and
evolution their location?
Activity-3 30
Heredity and What is meiosis and
evolution mitosis?
Participation Table:
Speak Chance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Participation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Chance
Make
family
tree at
home.
Make the
double
helix of
DNA
9 Opportunity
Of
Questioning
7 Written cards of small and capital letters 4 different different per group
of pea plant character
28 Rubber 1 packet
Group Formation: you can use any strategies for making group within 2-3
Minutes.
We have to make group on scientist name, male and female scientist name on
chit. We have to distribute chit according to strength of class. (Female scientist
name should be 50% or above in groups)
SUPER START
Time 5-7 min
Learning Objective: To enable the students to experience the Aah,, Aha and HaHa on this
topic Heredity and Evolution.
Procedure:-
Make the circle and give task. Task is you have to touch the ball only once and all hand touch is
necessary. Set the stop watch for how much time taken for complete one circle, give challenge
can you complete this activity in less time? Again speak - can you complete this activity in less
time?
Leading questions:-
Things to do:-Give the cards and shuffle than challenge match the card.
Material List
Safety Precautions
Not tearing the paper.
Procedure
Match the cards through any idea after that said match the card through specific character.
Group wise consolidation
Member no-1 in every group what to you do in activity and what you observe?
Leading Questions
DIY:- 1.Goto home and make the list eye color of whole family,
2 Make the list of blood group in whole family.
3. Make family tree at home
KEY MESSAGES:
● ‘transfer of character one generation to their offspring/ progeny is called heredity’
Ask learners to list the key things they have learnt. Guide them to the key messages listed and then
put up the key messages chart.
Opportunity of Question:-
Related to the Activity-1
Activity-2 15- Minute
PKC:
1. What is the location of gene?
2. What is the full form of DNA?
Material List:
Safety Precautions:
NA
Procedure:
Note to Instructor – This activity is to show the different location draw the cell, nucleus,
chromosome, DNA and gene with help of pencil on paper of gene location.
1. What is Gene?
2. What is location of Gene?
3. What is the full form of DNA?
DIY: - 1.Go to home and make list where am I in the world one by one.
2. Make the double helix of DNA
Key Message:
● A Gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a
function.
● 23 pair of gene in human.
Time: 30 min
Activity-3
PKC
Q- What is meiosis?
Q-What is mitosis?
Material List:
Sl. No. Material Quantity
Things to Do: cut the blue light paper and red light color card before conduct class.
Safety Precautions:
Use of scissor very carefully.
Procedure
● Create paper chromosomes like a long greeting card folded in two parts such that if you
cut it along the fold, you will get paper strips of 3” X 6”. Distribute two cards of
different colours among the groups. Explain that this is a pair of chromosomes- one from
your father and one from your mother. There are 23 such pairs (46 chromosomes) in
each cell. We are focussing on this particular one for the purpose of this activity.
● Tell them to work on one side of the card and divide it into three parts. Let us assume
that this particular chromosome contains three genes: Top- eye colour; Middle- hair
colour; Bottom- skin colour. Point out that each chromosome has 100s of genes in
reality. But for simplification, we are considering only three. Ask them to write some
random colours under each gene, and preferably make them different for the mother and
father. See sample below:
MITOSIS
● In the first step of mitosis, the DNA replicates. Ask the groups to open up the strip and
write the exact same thing on the other side too. See sample below:
● Next, all the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, and the two parts of each
duplicated chromosome are pulled away from each other. Once they reach the
opposite ends of the cell, they separate and two cells are created. Thus, the original cell
and the two daughter cells are exactly alike.
MEIOSIS
● In the first step of meiosis, the DNA replicates. Ask the groups to open up the strip and
write the exact same thing on the other side too. See sample below:
● In the next step, the pairs come close together. Given their close proximity, parts of the
chromosome may get exchanged. For example, the hair colour gene may get
interchanged between the maternal and paternal chromosomes. See the example
below:
● Ask the groups to interchange genes as per their choice- they can exchange eye colour,
hair colour, skin colour, eye and hair colour, hair and skin colour or eye and skin colour.
In the next step, the pairs separate and form two cells. Compare the original cell and the
new cells- how are they similar, how are they different?
● In the final step, the doubled DNA separates in each of the two cells, resulting in 4
daughter cells containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell we began
with.
● Ask each group to look at the original cell they started with, and the four cells they
created from it, and compare results.
Opportunity to ask question:- Give 2-min to student for ask question related to activity
Leading Questions: –
● Whatis cell division?
● What is meiosis?
● Whatis mitosis?
●
Discussion and Explanation:
● Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter
cells.
● Meiosis is a special cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating
four haploid cells.
● Mitosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same
number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
● 23 pair
● Girl
DIY:-Go to home and make ‘SHARABAT’ for whole family and ask how it is sweet in taste.
KEY MESSAGES:
● Meiosis is a special cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating
four haploid cells.
● Mitosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same
number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
PKC
1. What is Dominant?
2. What is Recessive?
Learning Objective: - What are phenotypic characters of plant?
Material List:
Things to Do: Cut the dominant and recessive part of paper of character of pea plant before
conduct class.
Procedure:
Distribute 14 cards in each group. And come with group with cards in front of students and two
student show the cards. This activity repeat by all group student.
Instructor tell the dominant recessive character at the time of presenting cards by every group.
In the group we have to distribute the print page of dominant and recessive and draw D for
dominant character and R for recessive character.
After discussion we have to check all answer go to nearby every group.
Leading Questions:
● What is expressive character?
● What is not expressive character?
● Why choose pea plant for show dominant and recessive character?
● Because it is grow easily and it’s having short life cycle so study is very easy in different
generation due to this choose pea plant.
● Sir G.J. Mendal
DIY:- 1.Go to garden and make the list of dwarf and long plant of same species.
2.Roll your tongue at home.
KEY MESSAGES:
Pre-Knowledge check
1What is evolution?
2 Whose scientist given evolution theory?
Material List:
Procedure:
Are we all the same height? Is the likelihood of us being 3ft tall and 5ft tall the same? Are some
heights more commonly seen than others? Ask a volunteer to come and draw a distribution
curve. It should look like a bell curve, with most people being 4-6.5 ft tall, and very few people
being <3 ft or >7 ft tall.
Right now, our height does not provide us with advantages in terms of survival or
reproduction. What if our environment changed such that people who are “between” 3-4 ft tall
had a much higher chance of survival and reproduction? What would happen after 1000s of
generations? Ask them to think about this in their groups and then share their thoughts with
the others. After all the groups are done speaking, ask a volunteer to draw the distribution
curve after this change. Then say - “this is basically how evolution works.” Link it to the giraffe
neck evolution example.
Leading Questions:
● What are some other heritable traits in humans?
● No, most people being 4-6.5 ft tall, and very few people being <3 ft or >7 ft tall.
● Some people change according to environment some does not change, so that they
changed according to environment they live otherwise dead.
DIY:- 1.Go to garden and make the list of dwarf and long plant of same species.
2.Roll your tongue at home.
KEY MESSAGES:
Story- In 1831, a young naturalist called Charles Darwin boarded a ship called the HMS Beagle and set
out on a fantastic five-year voyage around the world to study and collect animal, plant and rock samples.
Darwin was amazed at the variety of species he saw on his adventure. The Beagle visited the
Galápagos Islands (a group of 19 islands and more than 100 islets and rocks in the Pacific
Ocean, about 1,000km off the coast of Ecuador in South America) and while he was there
Darwin collected specimens and made notes that would eventually change the way people
thought about the world…
Creature Clues?
Darwin noticed that although the different islands had similar creatures and plants, many seemed to have
adapted to suit their local environments. Finches (a type of bird), for example, had different beaks on
each island, suited to eating the particular seeds or insects found there! He also noted remarkable
differences between the mockingbirds found on San Cristobal, Floreana and two other islands. When he
returned to England he devoted his time trying to figure out why they varied from place to place.
The mystery solved
In 1858, Darwin revealed his ‘theory of evolution by natural selection’, to explain how animals adapted
to their environment to survive. And the following year, he published On The Origin Of Species – a book
that would change the world forever! Darwin explained how species can ‘evolve’ (change or develop)
over time through a process called ‘Natural Selection’. This shocked everyone because, until then, it was
widely believed that all the animals on the planet had been made at the same time by one creator. Some
people still believe that today. But Darwin scientifically proved all the species on Earth had evolved from
earlier species – and that includes us!
(1831 में, चार्ल्स डार्विन नामक एक युवा प्रकृ तिवादी एचएमएस बीगल नामक एक जहाज पर चढ़े और
जानवरों, पौधों और चट्टानों के नमूनों का अध्ययन और संग्रह करने के लिए दुनिया भर में एक पांच
साल की बेहतरीन यात्रा पर निकल पड़े।
डार्विन अपने इस कार्य में विभिन्न प्रकार की प्रजातियों को देखकर चकित थे। बीगल ने गैलापागोस
द्वीप समूह (19 द्वीपों का एक समूह और प्रशांत महासागर में 100 से अधिक टापू और चट्टानों, दक्षिण
अमेरिका में इक्वाडोर के तट से लगभग 1,000 किमी दूर) का दौरा किया और जब वह वहां था तो
डार्विन ने नमूने एकत्र किए और नोट्स बनाए जो अंततः दुनिया के बारे में लोगों की सोच को बदलें...
प्राणी सुराग?
डार्विन ने देखा कि हालांकि विभिन्न द्वीपों में समान जीव और पौधे थे, लेकिन कई लोगों ने अपने
स्थानीय वातावरण के अनुरूप अनुकू लित किया। उदाहरण के लिए, फिं च (एक प्रकार का पक्षी) के पास
प्रत्येक द्वीप पर अलग-अलग चोंच थीं, जो वहां पाए जाने वाले विशेष बीज या कीड़े खाने के लिए
उपयुक्त थे! उन्होंने सैन क्रिस्टोबल, फ्लोरियाना और दो अन्य द्वीपों पर पाए जाने वाले मॉकिं गबर्ड्स के
बीच उल्लेखनीय अंतर को भी नोट किया। जब वे इंग्लैंड लौटे तो उन्होंने अपना समय यह पता लगाने
की कोशिश में लगाया कि वे एक स्थान से दूसरे स्थान पर क्यों भिन्न हैं।
1858 में, डार्विन ने अपने 'प्राकृ तिक चयन द्वारा विकास के सिद्धांत' का खुलासा किया, यह समझाने के
लिए कि कै से जानवर जीवित रहने के लिए अपने पर्यावरण के अनुकू ल होते हैं और अगले वर्ष, उन्होंने
ऑन द ओरिजिन ऑफ़ स्पीशीज़ - एक ऐसी पुस्तक प्रकाशित की जो दुनिया को हमेशा के लिए बदल
देगी! डार्विन ने समझाया कि कै से प्रजातियां 'प्राकृ तिक चयन' नामक प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से समय के
साथ 'विकसित' (परिवर्तन या विकसित) हो सकती हैं। इसने सभी को चौंका दिया क्योंकि, तब तक, यह
व्यापक रूप से माना जाता था कि ग्रह पर सभी जानवरों को एक ही निर्माता द्वारा एक ही समय में
बनाया गया था। कु छ लोग आज भी यही मानते हैं। लेकिन डार्विन ने वैज्ञानिक रूप से साबित कर दिया
कि पृथ्वी पर सभी प्रजातियां पहले की प्रजातियों से विकसित हुई हैं - और इसमें हम भी शामिल हैं!)
Pre-Knowledge check
Material List:
Procedure:
Explain the group that now they are all birds of a single species, for example, parrot.
There are two kinds of parrots in this population- one who have fork-shaped beaks and
another who have spoon-shaped beaks. Their food is chana dal, and they can only eat
by using a spoon/fork and picking up the chana dal one at a time. They cannot use their
hands or anything else to pick up the chana. Ask four volunteers to come up- hand out
spoons to 2 and forks to 2. Explain the rules:
● They must pick up one chana dal piece at a time with their spoon or fork, and place it in
a container kept next to their heap.
● The person to get the most number of dal pieces will have two children (who will inherit
the same beak as him/her), the person with the lowest will have no children, and the
remaining people will have 1 child each. The original generation people also continue to
play.
● Continue this for 4-5 generations depending on the number of people, and maintain a
count of how many spoons and forks were in the population in every generation
Leading Questions:
● Why normal spoon holder pickup dal more number?
● What is evolution?
KEY MESSAGES:
Recall:
● Group 1st explain 1st activity and tell key message ‘transfer of character one generation to
their offspring/ progeny is called heredity’
● Group 2nd explain 2nd activity and tell key message A Gene is a sequence of nucleotides in
DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. 23 pair of gene in human.
● Group 3rd explain 3rd activity and tell key message Meiosis is a special cell division that
reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells.
● Mitosis a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same
number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
● Group 4th explain 4th activity and tell key message Expressive character is called
Dominant.
● Non expressive character is called Recessive.
● Group 5th explain 5th activity and tell key message Change yourself according to nature is
called height evolution.
● Group 6th explain 6th activity and tell key message Evolution is change in the heritable
characteristics of biological populations over successive generation.
Opportunity Of Question
Related to whole topic
After write question you roll paper ex. Make ball after that ball through
towards instructor. Collect all ball and distribute ball randomly and try
write answer that question.
Repeat same ball through toward instructor. At this time write question
about answer whenever types of question after that through toward the
instructor,
Instructor tries to give maximum answer of question.
Note to Instructor: you can add more questions on card. Make one question
card another is answer.
(https://docs.google.com/document/d/
1kPTZFaCEGXDL4XJkYOjQ3sOwahlANbea/edit?
usp=sharing&ouid=110732131703695546824&rtpof=true&sd=true)