APPLICATION SERVER:

Application server is a software framework that provides an envirnment for running

different types of applications.
It resides in the middle tier of a server centric architecture

PROXY SERVER:

a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between

a client requesting a resource and the server providing that resource.
Open proxy:

Reverse Proxy

server that sits in front of web servers and forwards client (e.g.
web browser) requests to those web servers.
Reverse proxies forward requests to one or more ordinary servers that handle the request.
The response from the original server is returned as if it came directly from the proxy server,
leaving the client with no knowledge of the original server.

WEB APPLICATION SERVER:

A web application server, often simply referred to as an application server, is a
specialized type of server designed specifically to host and execute web applications

Mail application server

SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol. It is an Internet Standard

protocol used to manage and monitor network devices and their functions. SNMP is part
of the Internet Protocol Suite as defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
MANAGED DEVICES
These devices are equipped with an SNMP agent, which is responsible for collecting and
maintaining management information about the device and making it accessible to SNMP
managers or Network Management Systems (NMS).

A management information base (MIB) is a database used for managing the entities in
a communication network.

TCP vs UDP

CONGESTION CONTROL

RESORCE RESERVATION
Resource reservation refers to the process of allocating and reserving specific
resources in a system to ensure their availability for specific tasks or applications.
This concept is particularly important in systems where resources are limited or
shared among multiple users or applications.

In computer networks, resource reservation is commonly used in Quality of

Service (QoS) mechanisms to guarantee certain levels of bandwidth, latency, or
other performance metrics for specific data flows or applications. This ensures
that critical applications, such as voice or video conferencing, receive the
necessary resources to operate smoothly, even during periods of high network
congestion.
Resource reservation can also be found in other computing environments, such
as operating systems, where it may involve reserving memory, CPU time, or other
system resources for specific processes or applications.

Overall, resource reservation mechanisms help ensure predictable performance

and prevent resource contention in systems where resources are shared among
multiple entities.

PORT
In computing and networking, a "port" refers to a virtual data connection point
that enables communication between a computer or device and other devices or
networks. Ports are an essential concept in network communications, particularly
in the context of the TCP/IP protocol suite, which is the foundation of the modern
internet.

A port number is a 16-bit unsigned integer, ranging from 0 to 65535, used to

uniquely identify network endpoints in computer networking.