10

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 5:
Evidence of Evolution
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module5: Evidence of Evolution
First Edition, 2020

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 10

Science
Quarter 3– Module 5:
Evidence of Evolution
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written to help you explain how evolution
through natural selection can result in biodiversity. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain how fossil records, comparative anatomy, and genetic information
provide evidence of evolution.(S10LT-IIIf-39)
 What I Know

Direction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The fossil record shows that:

a. most species have not evolved.
b. some species are evolutionary transitions between major groups by
organisms.
c. all species are today just as they were when they are created.
d. all species are today not just as they were when they are created.

2. Convincing scientists evidences now indicated that:

a. evolution has occurred in the past but no longer is occurring.
b. evolution is now occurring, but it did not occur in the past.
c. evolution is occurring now.
d. most species have not evolved.

3. Biologists have yet discovered that:

a. animals obtain their specific characteristics by obtaining genes from the
plant that they eat.
b. the basic simple language of the DNA code is the same for all organisms.
c. all species evolve at the same relatively slow rate.
d. not all species evolve at the same time.

4. Rapid rates of evolution could be most expected among species that:

a. mature in a few days on vessels and then reproduce.
b. mature very slowly and reproduce only after they are 20 yrs. old.
c. have longer bodies.
d. both b and c.

5. Which of the following statements is true regarding biological evolution?

a. Evolution is genetic change in the population from generation to
generation.
b. The rate of evolution is essential the same for a living species.
c. a and b are both true.
d. Neither a nor b.

6. Which of the following are the sources which provide evidence for evolution?
a. Homologous organ c. Fossils
b. Analogous organ d. All of the above
 7. Name the organs which have different bone structure but have similar
appearance.
a. Analogous organ c. a and b are both true.
b. Homologous organ d. Neither a nor b.

8. Who have given the theory of evolution by species by natural

selection?
a. Darwin b. Mendel c. Dalton d. Morgan

9. The process by which populations slowly change over time is called _____?
a. Selective breeding c. Specification
b. Adaptation d. Evolution

10. They are different and have a different purpose, but they are similar
and share common traits.
a. vestigial structure c. adaptive radiation
b. homologous structure d. fossil

11. A characteristics that can passed from parent to offspring through genes is
called ______.
a. resistance c. genetic change
b. selective breeding d. trait

12. Structures that no longer serve a purpose

a. homologous structure c. population
b. gene pool d. vestigial structures

13. The forelimbs of human, frog, bat, tortoise, horse are which of the following:
a. homologous structure c. population
b. gene pool d. vestigial structures

14. Two organisms that are closely related would have:

a. very similar DNA sequence
b. the same DNA sequence
c. no proteins in common
d. completely different DNA sequence

15. What do the similarities of the structures suggest?

a. a common ancestor c. evolved slowly
b. grow at different rates. d. lived a long time.
Lesson

1 Evidence of Evolution

In the previous lesson, you have learned how evolution through

natural selection can result in biodiversity or extinction, as well as the
importance of adaptation as a mechanism for the survival of a specie. It is
imperative to know the importance of understanding the origin of life and
how certain records and data can be analyzed to demonstrate if evolution of
life on earth has taken place.

What’s In

Directions: Match the items in Column A with those in Column B. Write

the letter of the correct answer in your activity notebook.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

_____1. Homologous structures, vestigial a. Fossils

structures, and fossils all provide evidence of
__________.

_____2. Any remains or trace of a once-living b. Population

organism.

_____3. They are different and have a different c. Evolution

purpose, but they are similar and share
common traits.

_____4. It is a process of change through time. d. Homologous Structures

_____5. It refers to a group of organisms of one e. Variation

species that live in an area.
 Notes to the Teacher
This module will prepare the learners to explain how fossil
records, comparative anatomy, and genetic information provide
evidence of evolution.

What’s New

Activity 1: AHA! Analogous! Homologous!

Directions: To get more idea on how we can distinguish homologous
structure from analogous structure, let us answer this activity. Write on the
‘H’ if thestructures below are homologous and ‘A’ if they are analogous and
answer the questions that follow. Write your answer in your activity sheet.

STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION
The image part with relationship ID rId22 was not found in the file.

________

Human arm Whale Flipper

Source: shutterstock.comSource: ftexploring.com
The image part with relationship ID rId22 was not found in the file.

_______

Human arm Alligator forelimb

Source: shutterstock.comSource: onlinelibrary.wiley.com
 _______

Bird wingButterfly wing

Source: dragoart.comSource: artyfactory.com

_______

Bat wingButterfly wing

Source: etc.usf.eduSource: artyfactory.com

Questions:
1. Can you say that human, whale, and bat might belong to a
common ancestral group? Explain why? Why not?

2. Give other examples of Homologous structures.

 What is It

Evidence of Evolution

Evolution is the sequence of gradual changes which takes place in the

primitive organisms over millions of years in which new species are
produced. Evolution takes place in living organisms and so is known as
organic evolution. In fact, all the plants and animals or organisms which we
see today around us have evolved from some or the other ancestors that
lived on this earth long, long ago. There are several evidence and theories of
evolution like that of Lamarck and Darwin.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck, a French biologist, believed that traits can
be inherited and proposed that organisms change as their environment
changes. Lamarck believed that the earliest giraffes might have had short
necks, but because the grass where they feed became scarce, they had to
feed on the barn from tall trees and had to stretch their necks long enough
to reach leaves, and the longer they need to stretch, the longer their necks
became, so these characteristics were passed on to their off springs.
However, no actual data could support Lamarck’s idea evolution and
therefore, it was not accepted.
Charles Darwin, a naturalist, developed a new theory of evolution and
formulated the ideas that: organisms produce more offspring that can
survive; organisms compete for limited resources; variations are present
among species; and natural selection constantly occurs. Modern biologists
support Darwin’s theory of Natural Selection by giving more examples and
explanations.

Sources of Evidence for Evolution

Fossil Records
The tabulated standard international record of sedimentary rock
layers and their fossils are termed fossil record. It follows standard
measures and names for time and the fossil. Era has the longest time
interval consisting of divisions called period. Periods are further divided
into epoch. Fossils of certain animals are tabulated within these time
periods.
Geologic Time Scale

Image: Geologic Time Scale

Source: pinterest.com

Evolution from Comparative Anatomy

Homologous and Analogous Structures
Scientists determine ancestry among organisms by identifying
homologous and analogous structure. Some organisms of different groups
have body parts that are similar in structures but have different functions
are considered homologous structures. Examples are: forelimbs of frog,
bird, lizard, and human.
Analogous structures are those that have similar functions but
different anatomical structures or origin. Examples are wings of birds, bats,
and insects.
 animals
Source: zigya.com

Evidence from Embryonic Development

An embryo is an early stage of development in organisms. Embryonic
development provides clues for evolution. Studies show species that are
closely related exhibit similar embryonic development, even when in the
adult stage, the organism are quite different. Genetic variations are brought
about by mutation, a change in the chemical structure of a gene and genetic
recombination.

Image: Embryonic Development of some vertebrae

Source: britannica.com
 What’s More

Activity 2: Jumbled!

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to get the correct answer. The clue
before the letters will serve as guide in determining the correct answer.
Write your answer in your activity sheet

1. These are the remains of life from an earlier time. (S L I S S O F)

2. The structure that no longer serve a purpose. (T I G V E S L A I)

3. A characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring. (R A I S T T)

4. The change in the hereditary features over time. (L U E V I N O T O)

5. Organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms that, by virtue of

their similarity, suggest their connection to a common ancestor.

(L O U S G O O H M O)

What I Have Learned

Activity 3: Evolution Facts

Directions: Complete the statement to generalize the lesson. Write

your answer in your activity sheet.

1. __________ is the sequence of gradual changes which takes place in

the primitive organisms over millions of years in which new species are
produced. Fossil records, comparative anatomy and genetic information
provide evidence of evolution. 2. ____________ is a group of fossils which has
been analyzed and arranged chronologically and in taxonomic order.
3.__________ are created when organisms die, are incased in dirt and rock,
and are slowly replaced by minerals over time. Some organisms of different
groups have body parts that are similar in structures but have different
functions are 4. ___________ but those that have similar functions, but
different anatomical structures are 5. ____________.

What I Can Do

Activity 4: Answer the following. Write your answer in your activity sheet.

1. How do fossils provide evidence for evolution?

2. List 5 examples of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

3. Compare Lemark’s theory of evolution with Darwin’s.

4. How are variations important in a population?

Assessment

Direction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write
your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. The fossil record shows that:

a. most species have not evolved.
b. some species are evolutionary transitions between major groups by
organisms.
c. all species are today just as they were when they are created.
d. all species are today not just as they were when they are created.

2. Convincing scientists evidences now indicated that:

a. evolution has occurred in the past but no longer is occurring.
b. evolution is now occurring, but it did not occur in the past.
c. evolution is occurring now.
d. most species have not evolved.
3. Biologists have yet discovered that:
a. animals obtain their specific characteristics by obtaining genes
from the plant that they eat.
b. the basic simple language of the DNA code is the same for all
organisms.
c. all species evolve at the same relatively slow rate.
d. not all species evolve at the same time.

4. Rapid rates of evolution could be most expected among species that:

a. mature in a few days on vessels and then reproduce.
b. mature very slowly and reproduce only after they are 20 yrs. old.
c. have longer bodies.
d. both b and c.

5. Which of the following statements is true regarding biological evolution?

a. Evolution is genetic change in the population from generation to
generation.
b. The rate of evolution is essential the same for a living species.
c. a and b are both true.
d. Neither a nor b.

6. Which of the following are the sources which provide evidence for
evolution?
a. Homologous organ c. Fossils
b. Analogous organ d. All of the above

7. Name the organs which have different bone structure but have similar
appearance.
a. Analogous organ c. a and b are both true.
b. Homologous organ d. Neither a nor b.

8. Who have given the theory of evolution by species by natural

selection?
a. Darwin b. Mendel c. Dalton d. Morgan

9. The process by which populations slowly change over time is called

______?
a. Selective breeding c. Specification
b. Adaptation d. Evolution

10. They are different and have a different purpose, but they are similar
and share common traits.
a. vestigial structure c. adaptive radiation
b. homologous structure d. fossil
11. A characteristics that can passed from parent to offspring through
genes is called ______.
a. resistance c. genetic change
b. selective breeding d. trait

12. Structures that no longer serve a purpose

a. homologous structure c. population
b. gene pool d. vestigial structures

13. The forelimbs of human, frog, bat, tortoise, horse is which of the
following:
a. homologous structure c. population
b. gene pool d. vestigial structures

14. Two organisms that are closely related would have:

a. very similar DNA sequence
b. the same DNA sequence.
c. no proteins in common
d. completely different DNA sequence

15. What do the similarities of the structures suggest?

a. a common ancestor c. evolved slowly.
b. grow at different rate. d. lived a long time.

Additional Activities

1. Describe Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and explain how

the giraffe get its long neck.

2. Describe what causes variations and how the resulting

adaptation help explain evolution.