> Electromagnetism Name = Magnetism Teacher N Induction Laws Period Motional EME - Motional EMF is any EMF induced by the rel of a magnetic field and a current path, Derive Equation: . X Bin x fo VERA noe x fe dp 4 V x oly Operating a Light Bulb with Motional EMF [C8J 5" ed, p. 672] ‘Suppose a rod is moving at a speed of 5.0 mvs in a direction perpendicular to a 0.8 T magnetic field. The rod has a length of 1.6 m and a negligible electrical resistance. The rails also have negligible = resistance. The light bulb, however, has a resistance of 96 ohms. cantuctng ‘) Find the emf produced by the rod. > ped b) Find the induced current inthe circuit. Ia . ) Find the electrical power delivered to the bulb, +3 8 me @ d) Find the energy used by the bulb in 60 5. ae CVPAG 2 hy GN EV 2 4S UD = 265 ; / An-external agent (the hand in the figure to the right) supplies a 0.086 ) 'N force that keeps the rod moving at a constant speed of 5.0 mis. Vf Determine the work done inj 60 5 by the external agent. nn °‘Magnetic Flux- A measure of the quantity of magnetism, being the total number of magnetic lines of force: passing through a specified area in’a magnetic field, Derive Equation: 2 yy (4 Xe ~ vo (BE) L(A ) = g(t XL \ a yf tos Ol po perdicater)Induced EME a ‘What condition must be met to induce a current? ; rey Faradays' Law The average emf induced in a coll of N loops is e Ao at ‘The Emf Induced in a Rotating Coil [C&J 5" ed. p. 679} A coil of wire consists of 20 turns, each of which has an area of 1.5 x 10° m?. A magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of each loop at all fimes, so that 8 =@)= 0°. At time t= 0s, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the location of the coil is Bo= 0.050 T. Ata later time t = 0.1 s, the magnitude of the ‘magnetic field at the coil has increased to B = 0.06 7. a) Find the average emf induced in the coil during this time. b) What would be the value of the average induced emf if the magnitude of the magnetic field decreased from 0.08 T to 0.05 T in 0.4 s? ht —th I Says . 2o( He, ,Lenz's Law The induced emf resulting from a changing magnetic flux has a polarity that leads to an induced current whose direction is such that the induced magnetic field opposes the original flux change, ‘ Strategy: 1. Determine whether the magnetic flux that penetrates a coll is increasing or decreasing. 2. Find what the direction of the induced magnetic field must be so that it can oppose the change in flux by adding to or subtracting from the original field. 3. Having found the direction of the induced magnetic field, use RHR to determine the direction of the induced current. \ \ Decreasing 7 IF produced by it inet [C8 5” ed. p. 683] ‘The figure below shows a permanent magnet approaching Mognatic fold — a loop of wire. The external circuit attached to the loop consists of the resistance R, which could be the resistance of the filament in alight bulb, for instance. Find the direction of the induced current and the polarity of the induced emf. Induced magnetic induced field currenter iced by a movi ring [C8J 5" ed. p, 683.) Perpendicuialy into the plane of the paper. Outside this region there is ne magnetic slides through the region, from the top position to the bottom position (postings 1 In the figure below, there is a constant magnetic field in a rectangular region of space. This field is directed field. A copper ring 5). For each of the five Positions, determine if an induced current exists in the ring and if so, ind is cection No yoked Carens No remem tesneie Flan \neeeesina, vec, es PERS] Magra. Coo VnckucecaNes reas « Prete} x x x x} x x x xl | Nuc inched Curren Nexolngd ma Megrbec Rluy | x | Mo lade Conrtant Mo Chay m mepebic FugElectromagnetism Name Magnetism Teacher Transformers Period Transformers "_AAtransformeris a device for increasing or decreasing an AC voltage. For instance, whenever cordless __ devices are plugged into a wall receptacie to recharge the batteries, a transformer plays a role in reducing the 120 V AC voltage to a much smaller value. Typically, between 3 — 18 V are needed to energize batteries. The transformer consists of an iron core an which two coils are wound, a primary coil wth Np tums, and a secondary coil with Ne tums. Device Transformer symbol ~Magnetic field lines _The altemating current in the primary coil establishes a changing magnetic field in the iron core. Because ) ion is easily magnetized, it greatly enhances the magnetic field relative to that in an air core and guides field ines to the secondary coil. In a well-designed core, nearly all of the magnetic flux that passes through each turn of the primary also goes through each tum of the secondary. Since the magnetic eld is changing, the flux through primary and secondary colls is also changing, and consequently an emf is Faracet in both coils. In the secondary coll the induced emf arises from mutual induction and is given by Faraday's law as Ad f= Near NG primary coil the induced emf is due to self-induction and is specified by Faraday's law as f= Near &s _ Ns Ep NpSince eneray is conserved the average power delivered to the primary coil is equal to the average power delivered to the secondary coll IpVp iso Me Ne ip ~ V5 = Ns Vso Observe that Vo/Vs is equal to the tums ratio No/Ns, while ley is inverse to the other two ratios. Consequently, a transformer that steps up the voltage simultaneously steps down the current, and a transformer that steps dawn the voltage steps up the current. Power, however, remains unchanged, Remember: Step up or Step down refers to the change in voltage from primary to secondary side of the transformer. Step-Down Transformer [C&J 5" ed. p. 695] A step-down transformer inside a stereo receiver has $30 turns in the primary coll and 25 turns in the Secondary coil. The plug connects the primary coil to a 120 V wall socket, and there is 0.83 A in the primary coll while the receiver is tumed on, Connected to the secondary coil are the transistor circuits of the receiver. a) Find the voltage across the secondary coil ) Find the current in the secondary coil ©) Find the average electrical power delivered to the transistor circuits, MAM 4 MeV, BO ayy Ysa = 2 “a5 \) ds _k Ts .3%b fe Te Rs ga ze Lele C) Peyy tanud) = low ‘Transmission Line Example High-voltage ‘wansmission line Step-down —Step-down ‘transformer transformer Step-up transformer1999 PHYSICS B 3. (15 points) ‘A rectangular conducting loop of width w, height A, and resistance & is mounted vertically on a noncon- ducting cart as shown above. The cart is placed on the inclined portion of a track and released from rest at position A ata height yy above the horizontal portion ofthe track. I rolls with negligible friction down the incline and through a uniform magnetic field B in the region above the horizontal portion of the track, The conducting loop is in the plane of the page, and the magnetic field is directed into the page. The loop passes completely through the field with a negligible change in speed. Express your answers in terms of the given ‘quantities and fundamental constants (a) Determine the speed of the cart when it reaches the horizontal portion ofthe track. (b) Determine the following forthe time at which the cart is at position P,, with one-third of the loop inthe magnetic field i, ‘The magnitude of the emf induced in the condueting loop ‘The magnitude of the current induced in the conducting loop (©) On the following diagram of the conducting loop, indicate the direction of the current when it is at position P, ROR Ga aan1999 PHYSICS B (@) i. Using the axes below, sketch a graph of the magnitude of the magnet 1 function ofthe horizontal distance x traveled by the car, letting x = 0 ‘be the posi front edge ofthe loop just enters the field. Label appropriate values on the vertical axis. flux @ through the loop as the © 0 wow aww Sw ii, Using the axes below, sketch a graph of the current induced in the loop as a function of the horizontal distance x traveled by the cart, letting x = 0 be the position at which the front edge of the loop just centers the field. Let counterclockwise current be positive and label appropriate values on the vertical I Counterclockwise Current Clockwise Current CORO R ts ed1962-B NO.5 5. A circular loop of wire of resistance 0.2 ohm encloses an area 0.3 square meter and lies flat on a wooden table as shown above. A magnetic fleld that varies with time t aa shown below ls perpendicular to the table. A positive value of B represents a field directed up from the surface of the table; a negative value represents a field directed into the tabletop. 10.2 B (teslas) -02 (a) Cateulate the value of the magnetic flux through the loop at time t= 3. seconds. (b) Calculate the magnitude of the emf induced in the loop during the time interval t= 0 to 2 seconds. (©) On the axes below, graph the current 1 through the coll as a function of time t, and put appropriate humbers on the vertical scale, Use the convention that positive values of | represent counterclockwise ‘current as viewed from above. (amperes) 2 1 2 3 4 8