A REVIEW ON TEA LEAF DISEASE

DETECTION SYSTEM USING IMAGE

PROCESSING AND AI

Submitted By :

Kaustav Pratick Hazarika

Enrollment Id : ADTU /2020-24/Btech(CTIS)/013

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Kandarpa Kalita

Assistant Professor,
Computer Science & Engineering
Overview

 The project aims to review existing technology and methodologies for detecting plant leaf
diseases using image processing.

 Timely detection of plant diseases is crucial for effective health management, as they
significantly impact productivity and quality.

 The project focuses on exploring real-time image processing algorithms as a potential solution to
overcome the challenges of traditional detection methods.

 India's position in global tea production highlights the importance of maintaining plant health
and quality in tea plantations.

 The project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing approaches, methodologies,

and techniques for plant leaf disease detection, contributing valuable insights to the field and
inspiring future research endeavours.
Motivation & Objective

• Evaluate the effectiveness of different image processing techniques in detecting and

identifying plant leaf diseases.

• Identify the strengths and limitations of existing methodologies.

• Provide a comprehensive overview of the research conducted by various scholars in the

field of plant disease detection using image processing.

• Summarize the key findings and contributions of previous studies.

• Find out the future developments if possible

Related Work
 [3] In 2019, Eftekhar Hossain et al. proposed a method for detecting diseases in plants using
KNN, GLCM, DSC, MSE, SSIM, CIFAR-10 quick model, ReLU, and Soft Max function. The
proposed model achieved 96.76% accuracy and was faster and cost-effective. However, it may
not detect all types of diseases and could be time-consuming when dealing with a larger
number of images.

 [14] In 2021, R.S.Latha et al. developed a leaf disease detection model using CNN and image
pre-processing techniques. The proposed model achieved an accuracy rate of 94.45% and
showed efficient detection and scalability. However, limitations include limited interpretability,
the need for high-end GPUs for training, and the potential for overfitting

 [19] In 2023, Yang Liu et al. proposed a deep learning-based method for tea disease detection
using a Faster R-CNN model and a multi-scale feature fusion method. The proposed method
achieved an accuracy of 95.78% in detecting tea diseases, which is higher than existing
methods. However, it may not work efficiently for low-resolution images.
SUMMARY TABLE
 Reference Methodology Advantage Limitations Future Scope

1 K-Means Segmentation, Edge Detection Methods ( Roberts , The proposed methods give high accuracy in disease detection of mango Contains complex image processing Incorporation of DL , CNN technologies may
Prewitt, Sobel, Fri & Chen, Robinson, Kirsch) MATLAB plants. Able to process real -time images. No high cost hardwares are algorithms. Only designed and tested for improve the model further. Can be tried to
required. mango crop. No other limitations are extend to other crops.
mentioned in the paper.

2 DSIFT, BOVW, LeafNet, CNN’s are feasible to improve disease recognition. The proposed model The study for the The dataset size can be increased in the future
also has high fault tolerance model focused only on seven types of and the LeafNet model may be integrated
diseases. with precision agriculture technologies.
CNN’s also has a potential of overfitting

3 KNN , GLCM, Better results with 96.76% accuracy. The proposed model may not be efficient The proposed model may be expanded to
DSC, MSE, SSIM Computer vision system is faster and cost effective for all types of diseases. other diseases rather than the mentioned ones
CIFAR-10 quick model, ReLU, Soft Max Function The model may require a lot of time & may be applicable on other plants. May be
while processing a large number of integrated with precision agriculture system
images in the near future.

4 CNN, Can work in various weather conditions, Several augmentation techniques The model is dependent on a large dataset In the near future transfer learning can be
DCGAN, PD Net-1 & PD Net-2 were used which can prevent overfitting in order to achieve accuracy. DL model used. The model may be integrated with
may struggle to detect new & rare other vast range of data sources.
diseases. Requires high end GPU’s or
hugh computational architecture

5 CIFAR-10 quick model, ReLU, Soft Max Function Better accuracy then classical DL methods, The multiscale feature The proposed model has been tested with Increase the dataset and the number of
extraction in the model extracts image features automatically a very limited dataset. disease for identification
It only considers a limited number of
diseases.
6 ML Algorithm : Improved disease detection with high accuracy The proposed model is only limited to three More diseases can be included for training
Logistic Regression, KNN, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes Classifier then previously developed models. Clear image of diseases. It also has a limited dataset and the model and testing with the proposed model. There
the rice is used which is cost-effective. may not work in real life conditions outside the is also a potential to work and improve the
Can improve rice farming practises. specified area where research is done accuracy.

7 A CNN model VGG-ICNN, Random parameter initialization, ReLU activation High accuracy of 99.16% for plant village dataset. High FLOP count. The performance of the model The high FLOP count is a limitation of the
function, Kaggle p100 GPU Service Python 3 along with Keras, Matplotlib, CUDA, The model is computationally efficient The VGG is highly dependent on image quality. model. The model can be optimized in the
and CuDNN. ICNN module can be implemented in a wide near future.
range of crops. It is also able to provide smart The model can also be integrated with other
agriculture solution. agricultural tools & technologies.

8 CAD, Cognitive Fuzzy C Means, Cross Central Filter (CCF), CFCF Segmentation, CAD allows early detection of crop disease before CAD requires trained personals, high initial, cost Use of AI & ML with CAD. Integration of
SVM Quad Programming it spreads to other plants. The idea is cost effective and may have some technical limitations. Can also IOT devices.
and improves accuracy lead to ethical concerns such as data privacy,
control & ownership

9 CNN, Raspberry pi kit, SVM , ANN, K-Means clustering, Tensorflow, MATLAB, Detects the presence of diseases in leaves in its May not be a generalized model for all plant In the near future the method can be
Anaconda navigator ARM processor early stages. Better accuracy and the K means diseases. extended to other crops. Usage of advanced
algorithm helps in detecting the optimal amount DL may also be possible.
of fertilizers required.

10 Image processing using CNN (Le Net 5 ) High accuracy level compared to traditional Accuracy levels for some diseases are less Can be integrated with precision agriculture
backpropagation network. compared to others such as the Blight leaf disease. technologies.
Automatic feature extraction and faster detection Deep CNN requires high end GPU to be trained
of leaf disease
11 NSGA-II, PCA, and multi-class SVM algorithms Better performance & can detect upto 5 types of Insufficient size for red spider effects accuracy The proposed model can be extended to other
diseases levels. crops and be integrated with IOT
May not be suitable for real-time diagnosis. technologies

12 Image classification and segmentation , Better performance and is applicable to mobile Edges of the leaves may have improper Can be integrated with precision agriculture
CLAHE Algorithm, devices. It also reduces cost. segmentation. The colour of the leaves with TLB techniques. The proposed model can also be
Conditional Random Field. are same even if severity levels are different which extended to other tea leaf diseases.
impacts the accuracy of the model.

13 Deep Learning Methods. A faster R-CNN model to improve effect Provides better disease grading performance than The proposed model is specially designed for TLB. The proposed model can be extended to
of multiscale detection & a VGG16 to classify severity of TLB is used. Retinex the YOLO V3 and traditional machine learning It may not work efficiently or completely fail in detect or test on multiple diseases.
algorithm for enhanced images & reduce influence of light variation & shadows. methods and the disease grading accuracy is more detecting other diseases. Low-resolution images Integration with precision agriculture
than 9% higher than those of other methods. may affect the accuracy. techniques may be possible.
The proposed method can also detect diseased
leaves accurately & provide technical support for
subsequent severity estimation.

14 CNN, Image Pre-processing The proposed model has an accuracy rate of Limited interpretability, High end GPU’s for Further research may help to improve the
94.45%. Efficient detection and scalability of the training is required. CNN is prone to overfitting. accuracy, the technique could also be
CNN model. extended to other crops and be integrated
with agricultural techniques.

15 AX Retina NET, an improved multiscale feature fusion model X-Module, The proposed model can be of great use in natural In the proposed model dataset used is limited. The Can be integrated with IOT technologies in
LabelImg tool. scene images for high precision automatic model also uses a complex architecture which may the future.
detection of tea leaf diseases. increase the training time.
Improved feature extraction.

16 ACO-CNN (Ant Colony Algorithm) , Median Filter for image pre-processing. Compared to existing methods such as C-GAN, The images that are to be taken in the training phase Can be integrated with other emerging
CNN,SGD, the proposed model has given more should have same size formula ; which may be an technologies. Can be expanded to other plant
enhanced output. It consumes less time , is flexible occasional issue. species.
and there is a proper detonation of images. ACO-CNN may require very powerful GPU’s
The accuracy rate of the ACO-CNN is 99.98 %
17 CLAHLET Retigaussian Filter. Compared to all the existing methods, the The proposed method is only for Maize plant. It It can be expanded to other plant species.
CLAHE , Daubechies Wavelet , Retinex Algorithm, Gaussian proposed method provides better image quality cannot be confirmed how effective will it be in Involves several parameters that needs to
Filter, Wavelet Reconstruction / enhancement CLAHLET is able to perform tea plantations or other crops. be optimised
Kaggle -Plant Village Dataset. proper denoising of the provided images.

18 Data Augmentation Method ( Random rotation clockwise, Better performance. The model can also be The dataset is collected from tea estates having 5 the accuracy of detecting Gray Blight and
Random rotation anti-clockwise, random scaling & shearing), integrated with Mobile Applications, Web different types of diseases ( Red Spot, Helopeltis, Red Spot disease in a leaf, can be improved
ReLu, Tensorflow Keras Module, Google Colab Pro, Tensor Applications and IOT devices. As stated the Gray Blight, Brown Blight, Algal Spot) . Thus, further.
Processing Unit. model does not appear to be overfitted. the proposed model may not perform well with
other existing diseases.

19 YOLOv5, Convolutional Block Attention Module, ACmix, The proposed YOLO-Tea model gives better The light condition of the dataset are good Can be extended to include real-time
GCNet, R-CNN, SSD performance then the existing YOLOv5 model afternoon light. There is no surety how much disease detection by using IOT.
better performance will the model give in low
early morning light or else during evening time.

20 DCNN(Deep Convolutional Neural Network), Principal The proposed model outperforms existing The proposed DCNN model is used to detect the Can be expanded to detect other tea leaf
Component Analysis (PCA), ReLU, Novel Linear Bottleneck models such as the Alex Net, Densenet 201, Grey Blight Disease. It may or may not perform diseases apart from Grey Blight. Adaption
& inverted residual connections. InceptionV3Net, MobileNetV2, NASNet Large, the same if used for detection of other diseases. of transfer learning methods to expand the
ResNet152, VGG19Net, and XceptionNet. It technique to other plants.
achieved an accuracy of 99.27% o validation
data. The classification performance was quite
superior to existing transfer learning techniques.

21 Deep learning algorithms , Swim Transformer improved accuracy and efficiency, remote The model is facing difficulties in bad weather Optimize the network architecture to
monitoring capabilities, cost savings, the ability conditions. further improve the recognition rate of tea
to collect and analyze large amounts of data, and diseases.
scalability for wider application.
COMMON ALGORITHMS
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN):

 Class of deep learning models specifically designed for analyzing visual data, such as
images and videos.
 CNNs automatically learn spatial hierarchies and can detect patterns regardless of
position.
 One important advantage of CNNs is their ability to automatically learn and extract
relevant features from raw data
K-Means Segmentation

 K-Means Segmentation is an unsupervised clustering algorithm used for

image segmentation..
 IIt partitions an image into distinct regions or clusters based on pixel
similarity and cluster centroids.
 The algorithm iteratively assigns each pixel to the cluster represented by the
nearest centroid.
 K-Means Segmentation is commonly used in various image processing
tasks, such as object detection and computer vision applications.
K – Nearest Neighbour

 It is a supervised classification algorithm used for pattern recognition and

classification tasks.
 It classifies data points based on their similarity to the k nearest neighbors in
the training dataset.
 KNN is a simple and versatile algorithm that can be used for both
classification and regressions tasks
CLAHE

 Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) is an image

enhancement technique commonly used in image processing tasks.
 It improves the contrast and visibility of images by redistributing the pixel
intensities in a way that enhances details.
 Operates by dividing the image into small regions called tiles and applies
histogram equalization to each tile independently.