MEMORY Jyoti D

• It is the storage device of the computer. It stores

data, program instructions and the results
• Memory of the computer is of two types primary
memory and secondary memory
• Primary memory is also called the main memory
of the computer. E.g. RAM and ROM
• Auxili~ry memory or Secondary memory is also
known as Storage memory which provides back
up to store all information in the computer. E. g.
Hard Disk, CD ROM
•J ·-
, - • I - .- - • -
- --~-
- . . ., •
I • • • • •
, screen !
 Difference between RAM and ROM
Jyoti D
• ROM is a Read Only • RAM is a read/write
Memory memory
• ROM is a permanent • RAM is a temparary
Memory memory
• ROM is a nonvolatile • RAM is a volatile
Memory memory
• Information is stored • Stores user's data or
0

by the manufacturer programs

(e.g. BIOS or Monitor
ams) • • • •
 RAM MEMORY AREA Jyotio
ADDRESS
Memory location 0000
0001
Memory cell 0010

DATA 1
0 1 1 0 0 0 1

-1 -- 1111
 MRMORV UNITS Jyoti D

BIT: Character used in a binary number system.

Character ' 1 b or character 'O'
NIBBLE: String of four bits e.g. '1010', '1110'

BYTE: String of eight bits e.g . ' 10111010'

KILLOBYTE: 1024 Bytes (2 10 =1024 bytes~ 110 3>

MEGABYTE: 1024 x 1024 Bytes (2 20 bytes ~ 106>

GIGABYTE: 1024 x 1024 x1O24 Bytes (230 ~ 109)

TERA BYTE: 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1O24 Bytes (2 40 ~ 1012>

PETA BYTE: 1024x1024 x1O24 x1O24 x1O24 Bytes(250 ~ 1015>

-- .
's·,~ • • • •
ar1sr·screen)
MICROPROCESSOR
Jyoti D

CONTROL
UNIT

ARITHMATIC
REGISTER
LOGOC UNIT

• • •
 SOME IMPORTANT TERMS Jyoti o
REGISTER: A single memory location is called a
register.
BUS: A set of parallel wires used for caring
information is called a bus.
Address bus: It carries address of the memory
location from microprocessor to
memory.
Data bus: It carries data between microprocessor
memory and input/output devices.

Control bus It carries Control Signals from

microgroceasor t.9 memory.
 WRITING Transfer of data from microprocessor
0

to memory
Jyoti D

µp l\.
~
~
Memory

READING Transfer of data from memory to

•
microprocessor

µp ~
...
rv
Memory

1
.
•
• • •
ads.screet{I
 DECODER Jyoti o
(from no. of outputs only one output becomes high '1'
for given combination of inputs)
Inputs Oulpul s Trul h -able

A A B Oo a Q_ a,
B 2 10 4 0 0 0 0 0
B i nary 0 1 0 0 0
De-coder -
,
1 0
1
0
0
0
0 0
0

B
----
,,,,,--
-

----
~

'- ..... ~ '- ~ ..... ~

 MEMORY IC
Jyoti D

1 0 0 b1 00
Data pins = 4
Ao
1 0 1 0 01
Address pins = 2
A1 0 1 1 0 10
Memory addresses = 4
1 0 1 1 11

2 P=M Where P = Address pins

M = Number of Memory locations (Memory addresses)
Address pins=3 M=8
. -.
I' . -
Address pin s ~4 • lVb= 16
- -
ar:s~screen .
MICROPROCESSOR AND MEMORY
Jyoti D

DATA BUS

1 0 0 1 00
D

•1
.
ADDRESS BUS
~EC
· O
1 0 1 0 01

ALU · -~ ~
~r? . .
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 1
10

11
J/ -

G) MEMORY
• \/\4:J • •
 MEMORY AD CYCLE
~

Task . Write dat ~O n a locatio 01

Jyoti D

1110 D
1 0 0 1 °0

E
01 C 8 8 ~ (!) 01
0
ADDF IUS
ADDRESS BUS
D 0 1 1 0 10
E
R
1 0 1 1 11

Rd

~- ~,
 MEMORY READ CYCLE
Task : Read data from the location 11
Jyoti D

1011 D
1001 °0

E
11 C
1 0 1 0 01
0
ADDRESS BUS
ADDfl 3US
D 0 1 1 0 10
E
R
1 0 1 1 11

Rd

• • • ~Nr• • • • •
 MICROCOMPUTER BLOCK DIABRAM
ADDRESS
BUS

DATA BUS

CHIP
SELECT CONTROL
SIGNALS
• • • • • • • • •
Jyoti Deorukhkar's screen
 J:!- +- ' .... IT~-~.,_,lffrlll..,.. --n, p::,_.a:,,-. • !ti - 0 -.·

1111• ,a::.. - 1...- lelq: ...,.lstn ~n1111.-.fl ...,_ ,._ ""i" Q ~.,,.,.,. ,-..•nl•a :=;.u.,a

r-:
-
~ +r; ,t .. ..,,,
~
~ ""n! lll.b U-..ual !Ll:... ,v, 1i!ho1.-_ "--'-16'.l.
'Z:
W\u '1W
.... In- Id,,
li.!,-u~J.iii. ■ ;r~rt •,-1,1."""ro'ltt.. tt ~.I: ...... ,...
I "'ffj' ~
. ,, 11<1 ,i

•
INllEL:'S s. . a1T 1

MIICR.0PROCESS DR 1 1

IC 8085

F""ll1!>

t1
ooun
i
I

J ili .•
.,..
- I 11 rrlil C: 1
 Pl N DIAGRAM OF AN IC BUBS
i ·1 ~ 410 Vc.c
Xi 2 31' HOLD
RESET OUT 38 HLDA

SOD 37 CUC (OUI)

RE.sti Ui
S ID
TR.AP "JS READY
10/Q
RSTT,:; '3;Dl
s~
IQSi6 !li
RS'T5 5 9
li
32 -
P.D
WR
H\I I A BCJB5A 31
ltl ALE
UITA
A□ 29 s~
2B At
ADU ~
AO~ 1G :.r:: A,,
~

AO_ I'S ~ A.]

ill;

2'~ A , 5-
Alll-1 l 1f!t1
JJnll D
AO. It
:& ,;:ii
A "t
/ID lu 23 A,-c
AD, 10 22 A 11
'V _s 2fl 21 A~
MICROPROCESSOR

CONTROL
UNIT

ARITHMATIC
REGISTERS
LOGOC UNIT

• • • • • • • • •
ARCHITECTURE(BLOCK DIAGRAM) OF 8085
INTR TRAP 11ST S. S R5i:.S l<S7.S INTA SID S'OD

Jyoti D

Instruction
re1 (II
FLAG REG(l t+---tr-t--t .__ _"""P_ __,

8 (8) C (8)

lnstrvct on -..-.,
)'

~
0 (8) E (8)

...<
::, decoder and
maclllne cycle ,i
H (8) L (8)

encod1n1

"'C "CIT'e ftt c r, C: c crc ~,.u , ~ Cit

La-.t.• (16)
D

limln1 and control

Xl - -if
X2 - -ii AdOI'. eufferll ) Dltl Aeldr Buffer

WR Al! SO
-• • • •
St 10 / M HOLD t-l.DA RfSET IN ~SIT OUT
• • • .U,.0A15
;>DDR. 8US
A07-:.DO
AD DR. l!t.,'S
 REGISTERS IN IC 8085

8-BIT REGISTERS 16-BIT REGISTERS

t:i
GENERAL PURPOSE SPECIAL PURPOSE GENERAL PURPOSE SPECIAL PURPOSE

A (Ace) TOR BC SP
B FLAG DE PC
C IR HL INR/DCR
D
E
H
!
- •