RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Psychology
 Ano ba ang
ginagawa o
ikinikilos ko?

- define psychology as the systematic study

of behavior and mental processes
GOALS of PSYCHOLOGY
Describe

Explain

Predict

Control
HOW DO PSYCHOLOGIST

ANSWER QUESTIONS?
 The biological approach
focuses on how our genes,
hormones, and nervous
As a child, was
Donna unable to system interact with our
learn that words had
meaning because of environments to influence
some problem with
the development of learning, personality, memory,
her brain?
motivation, emotions, and
coping techniques
 The cognitive approach
examines how we process,
store, and use information and
how this information influences
Was Donna an
unusual autistic? what we attend to, perceive,
learn, remember, believe, and
feel.
 The behavioral approach
studies how organisms learn
new behaviors or modify
existing ones, depending on
whether events in their
Why did Donna
make it a rule to environments reward or
avoid leaving soap
bubbles in the sink? punish these behaviors
The psychoanalytic approach stresses
the influence of unconscious fears,
desires, and motivations on thoughts,
behaviors, and the development of
personality traits and psychological
problems later in life. Why did Donna develop
alternate personalities, such
as Willie, who had “hateful
glaring eyes, a rigid
corpselike stance, and
clenched fists”?
The humanistic approach emphasizes
that each individual has great
freedom in directing his or her future,
a large capacity for personal growth, a
What was Donna’s
considerable amount of intrinsic potential?
worth, and enormous potential for
self-fulfillment.

Why did her mother believe
autism was caused by evil
spirits? What do other
peoples and cultures believe
causes it?
The cross-cultural
approach examines the
influence of cultural and
ethnic similarities and
differences on the
psychological and social
functioning of a culture’s
members
Historical
Antecedents
Wilhelm Wundt and the First
Psychological Laboratory, Leipzig
Germany, 1879
Devoted to uncovering the basic structures
that make up the mind.

The mind consists of three basic elements-

sensations, feelings, and images- which
combine to form experience

Introspection: Reporting one’s own conscious

experience
Edward Titchener
William James and Functionalism
Functionalism : instead of
seeking the elements of
consciousness, he preferred to
learn how people produce useful
behaviors
-the study of the function rather
than the structure of
consciousness, was interested in
how our minds adapt to our
changing environment.
 How can people
strengthen good habits?
 Can someone attend to
more than one item at a
time?
 How do people
recognize that they have
seen something before?
 How does an intention
lead to action?
Gestalt Psychology The Gestalt approach emphasized that
perception is more than the sum of its parts and
Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler studied how sensations are assembled into
meaningful perceptual experiences.
Emphasizes the tendency to organize
perceptions into wholes and to integrate
separate stimuli into meaningful patterns.
 John Watson Founded by Sigmund
Limits studies of humans to Freud. Emphasizes the
solely observable events importance of
unconscious motives
Focuses on… and conflicts as
Response- a movement or determinants of
other observable reaction human behavior.
to stimuli.
Stimuli- something causing Examples of
or regarded as causing a application: hypnosis,
Ivan Pavlov response free association, talk
BF Skinner therapy
Examples of
Edward Tolman
application: simple
Albert Bandura observation of stimuli and
responses
Service Providers to Individuals

 Clinical Psychologist
 Psychiatrist
 Psychoanalyst
 Psychiatric Nurse
 Clinical Social Workers
 Counseling Psychologist
 Forensic Psychologist
Service Providers to Organizations

 Industrial Psychologist
 Human Factor Specialist
 Military Psychologist
 School Psychologist
Psychologist in Teaching and Research

 Developmental Psychologist
 Learning and Motivation
 Cognitive Psychologist
 Biological Psychologist
 Evolutionary Psychologist
 Social/Cross-Cultural Psychologist