AEC1(PRINCILPES OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATION)
CHAPTER 1. THE CONTEXT OF EXTENSION
INTRODUCTION
The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in a country's economic
development, and its importance can be multifaceted and far-reaching.
It has already made a significant contribution to the economic prosperity
of advanced countries and its role in the economic development of less developed
countries is a vital importance.
In other words, where per capita real income is low, emphasis is being
laid on agriculture and other primary industries. Increase in agricultural production
and the rise in the per-capita income of the rural community, together with the
industrialization and urbanization, lead to an increased demand in industrial
production.
As a result of agricultural progress, there will be extension of market for
industrial products. Increase in productivity leads to increase in the income of rural
population which turn leads to more demand for industrial products, thus
development of industrial sector.
A. Population and Agricultural Production: Global and Country Statistics
At the dawn of agriculture, about 8000 B.C., the population of the world was
approximately 5 million. Over the 8,000-year period up to 1 A.D. it grew to 200
million (some estimate 300 million or even 600, suggesting how imprecise population
estimates of early historical periods can be), with a growth rate of under 0.05% per
year.
A tremendous change occurred with the industrial revolution:
- around 1800 for world population to reach 1B, the second billion was achieved in
1930, the third billion in 1960, the fourth billion in 1974, and the fifth billion in 1987.
During the 20th century alone, the population in the world has grown from 1.65
billion to 6 billion.
In 1970, there were roughly half as many people in the world as there are now.
Because of declining growth rates, it will now take over 200 years to double again.
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE
The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 6.2 percent in 2018.
The Gross Value Added (GVA) in the agriculture and fishing sector recorded a 0.8
percent increment during the year. This sector contributed 8.1 percent to the GDP.
Agriculture grew by 0.59 percent in 2018.
Gains in production were noted in livestock and poultry while declines in outputs
were registered in crops and fisheries.
CROPS
Major crops: Rice, corn, and coconut are some of the major contributors to the GVA
of the AFF sector. Rice alone constitutes around 20% of the sector's GVA.
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY
The livestock and poultry subsector is another significant contributor, accounting for
around 12% of the GVA. Poultry production, particularly chicken and eggs, has
shown strong growth in recent years.
FISHING AND AQUACULTURE
While facing challenges, fishing and aquaculture still contribute around 13% to the
GVA of the AFF sector. Efforts are being made to improve sustainability and
productivity in this subsector.
B. AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT
The PROCESS of TRANSFORMING the AGRICULTURE and FISHERIES sectors
into one that is:
• DYNAMIC
• TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED
• COMPETITIVE
yet centered on:
• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• GUIDED by sound practices of SUSTAINABILITY
• and the PRINCIPLES of SOCIAL JUSTICE.
GREEN REVOLUTION - Initiated by Norman Borlaug
• 1960s – 1970s ( developing countries)
• GOAL: Transformed global agricultural productivity
PROBLEM: lack of food self-sufficiency
SOLUTION:
• new synthetic fertilizers
• pesticides,
• irrigation innovation, and
• improved crop varieties
AFTER DECADES (result):
• the chemical contents are highly toxic and could cause harmful effects
to humans and the environment
The green revolution's primary aim was to introduce high-yielding varieties (HYVs) of
cereals to alleviate poverty and malnutrition
(1) increased area under farming,
(2) double-cropping, which includes planting two crops rather than one, annually,
(3) adoption of HYV of seeds,
(4) highly increased use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides,
(5) improved irrigation facilities, and
(6) improved farm implements and crop protection measures and modifications in
farm equipment. (Singh, 2000; Brainerd and Menon, 2014)
Growth of the Commercial Farm Sector
With the increase of commercial farms, family farms drastically decrease. It is the
role of agricultural extension to provide farmers in rural areas access to information
on effective farming for maximized productivity.
Globalization
Globalization is the free exchange of goods, services and people between nations. It
is the result of opening up of economic borders for countries across the world,
thereby increasing international trade and cultural exchange resulting to both
positive and negative effects.
This means that imported goods and services become more accessible and
available to domestic markets while local producers could offer their products and
services to an expanded market.
However, for less competitive sectors such as agriculture, unhealthy competition
may result from globalization leading to a collapse of smaller farms and
agribusinesses.
In simple terms, globalization is the process by which people and goods move easily
across borders. Principally, it's an economic concept – the integration of markets,
trade and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services
between nations.
Transnational Life Science Companies
These are conglomerations of corporations that integrate research, development,
and marketing practices to produce and sell innovative agricultural chemicals, seeds,
drugs, and other genetic technologies related to medicine.
Because of this, “some argue that there has been a power shift from public sector
dominance to private sector hegemony.
Expansion of the Biofuel Industry
Continuing increase in fossil fuel prices resulted in the expansion of the bioenergy
industry. This has brought positive and negative effects to agricultural sector. One
example is that farmers consider it as additional source of income for markets
saturated by agri-food products. However, instead of utilizing agricultural lands to
converted into bioenergy fuel. Corn ethanol is the first phase of agriculture’s
entrance into the energy industry. Extension workers play a positive role in this
expanding industry as they impart knowledge on all stages of biofuel production.
Sustainable Agricultural Development
On 25 September 2015, the 193 Member States of the United Nations adopted the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development – Food and agriculture are at the heart of
the 2030 Agenda. Both the SDGs and FAO’s strategic objectives are geared towards
tackling the root causes of poverty and hunger, building a fairer society and leaving
no one behind. including 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – committing
the international community to end poverty and hunger and achieve sustainable
development over the next 15 years (2016-2030).
FAO’s broad priorities in the 2030 Agenda are to end poverty, hunger and
malnutrition, enable sustainable development in agriculture, fisheries and forestry,
and combat and adapt to climate change. In the Philippines, FAO’s work is directly
linked to at least 13 of the 17 SDGs. (FAO, 2017)
SDG1- No Poverty
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
- In the Philippines, poverty is widespread in rural areas. Farmers, fishers and
indigenous peoples are among the poorest and most marginalized members of the
population. More than the lack of income and resources to ensure sustainable
livelihoods, they also lack opportunities and capabilities in many interlinked areas,
which further keep them in a cycle of poverty. FAO continues its mission to help
eradicate poverty in the country by promoting investments in rural development and
improving agriculture-based livelihoods that can be drivers of inclusive and equitable
growth.
FAO activities are equipping beneficiaries with skills and tools that will help them
increase their yield, minimize post-harvest-losses, add value to their products and
tap larger markets while contributing to environmental sustainability and economic
growth. FAO is also working with the Government to ensure that policies support fair
agribusiness transactions and that the rights of the marginalized are upheld.
Livelihood recovery assistance is also provided to agricultural households affected
by disasters to help them bounce back quicker and have the means to rise out of
poverty once and for all.
SDG 2 – Zero Hunger
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable
agriculture.
- Supporting the country to ensure that adequate, nutritious and affordable food
continues to be available and accessible to a growing population of Filipinos is one
of FAO’s most important mandates. Agriculture is of course central to achieving zero
hunger. To address this monumental challenge, FAO is working with the
Government and various partners to transform food and agriculture systems so that
farmers and fishers can produce more, using less resources, even under changing
climate conditions.
SDG 5 – Gender Equality
Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls .
When rural women have equal access as men to productive resources, there is an
increase in agricultural output and a significant reduction in the number of poor and
hungry people. FAO Philippines is committed to integrating gender issues in all its
activities to ensure equality between men and women.
SDG 6 – Clean Water and Sanitation
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all .
Crop and livestock production are responsible for a large percentage of water
withdrawals in developing countries, including the Philippines. As Filipinos gain more
access to better incomes, dietary trends also point to an increase in consumption of
food that requires more water to be produced, like meat. FAO is working with
farmers and the Government to help ensure that water use in agriculture is made
more efficient, productive, equitable and environmentally friendly.
This involves, among others, training farmers on sustainable water management, as
well as how they can cope with floods and droughts. FAO also helps remote
communities gain access to water both for household use and to irrigate their crops.
Forest and landscape restoration efforts are also linked to watershed management.
SDG 7 – Affordable and Clean Energy
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and clean energy for all
Modern food systems are heavily dependent on fossil fuels, consuming about 30
percent of the world’s available energy and producing more than 20 percent of the
world’s greenhouse gas emissions. To deliver more food with less and cleaner
energy, food and agriculture systems will gradually need to decouple from fossil fuel
dependence, and embrace renewable energy sources.
SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all.
While the agriculture sector in the Philippines employs a third of the labour force,
farmers and fishers often generate the lowest wages and suffer from erratic income
flows. FAO’s role in improving rural agricultural livelihoods is therefore crucial in
achieving inclusive development in the countryside
SDG 10 – Reduced Inequalities
Reduce inequality within and among countries.
FAO has been partnering with Government agencies, civil society and non-
government organizations to ensure that farmers, fishers, indigenous peoples,
displaced populations, especially women and the youth, are able to improve and
protect their lives and livelihoods. Ensuring that they gain fair access to productive
resources, skills and tools is among the priorities of FAO in the country. This is also
emphasized in FAO’s approach to Accountability to Affected Populations.
SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production
FAO’s technical experts are finding and promoting ways to make agriculture and
fisheries more efficient and sustainable so that it can support the country’s multiple
development objectives. Key interventions include the Regional Rice Initiative, which
promotes methods to reduce the cost of producing rice while increasing yield. FAO
has also been supporting the aquaculture sector to produce more fish, which
accounts for over 12 percent of the animal protein intake of Filipino families. The
Organization is likewise addressing diseases in marine species and developing more
cost-effective and optimal feed formulations for fish production, helping control
coconut pest outbreaks, and backstopping local governments in planning and
implementing coastal resource management strategies while providing better
livelihood alternatives for coastal residents.
SDG 13 – Climate Action
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
Climate change is no longer a distant threat. The strong typhoons and droughts that
hit the Philippines in recent years gave a preview of the severe implications it will
continue to have on the agriculture sector and related issues of national interest
such as food security, economic growth and the eradication of rural poverty. In spite
of being one of the most disaster-prone countries, the Philippines remains to be a
leading example in building institutional capacities for managing and reducing risks
to natural hazards and climate change.
FAO is a proud partner in building resilience in the agriculture sector. Moving forward
with its adaptation agenda, the country is working with FAO to improve strategic
climate risk management and accelerate the uptake of medium and long-term risk
reduction practices across the policy level, the agriculture industry and down to
farming and fishing communities.
SDG 14 – Life Below Water
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for
sustainable development.
Especially in an archipelago like the Philippines, fisheries and aquaculture offer
ample opportunities to reduce hunger and improve nutrition, alleviate poverty,
generate economic growth and ensure better use of natural resources. FAO
initiatives in the country focus on the management and protection of marine and
coastal ecosystems through the formulation and implementation of science-based
fisheries resource management plans.
● FAO is also actively supporting the aquaculture sub-sector through the Blue
Growth Initiative, which aims to harmonize the environmental, social and
economic aspects of living aquatic resources to ensure equitable benefits for
communities. It balances growth and conservation, and industrial and small-
scale artisanal fisheries and aquaculture.
SDG 15 – Life on Land
Healthy ecosystems protect the planet and sustain livelihoods.
Land use changes, including deforestation, result in a loss of valuable habitats, a
decrease in clean water, land degradation, soil erosion and the release of carbon
into the atmosphere. They contribute to the loss of valuable economic assets and
livelihood opportunities. In the Philippines, FAO has been working with the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Department of Agrarian
Reform on the sustainable management of all types of forests and in strengthening
capacities for land tenure governance and land management. The FAO approach
emphasizes the importance of engaging local communities, recognizing their crucial
role in shaping landscapes.
SDG 16 – Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development.
Peace and food security are often mutually reinforcing. FAO’s work, especially in
conflict affected areas in Mindanao, have a critical part in supporting the
Government’s peacebuilding efforts, in restoring livelihoods, building resilience,
strengthening governance and participatory approaches to policymaking.
SDG 17 – Partnerships for the Goal
The complexity and interconnectedness of the SDGs call for a new way of doing
business, requiring all development actors to engage and share knowledge in
supporting countries to implement and monitor the SDGs.
FAO continues to successfully pursue its mandates in the Philippines by working
proactively with partners in the Government, NGOs, technical agencies, other UN
agencies, the private sector, academia and research institutions, community-based
organizations and producer groups, among others. Partnerships also make it Lesson 2. Extension in Europe and in the USA
possible to mobilize the best available knowledge and capacities and provide the Birth of Modern Agricultural Extension Services
most effective services in working towards common goals. Europe
1841 Britain Founding of Royal Agricultural Improvement Society
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE OVER THE YEARS (RAIS)
1845 Ireland First agricultural extension service as a result of potato
Philippine is one of the largest archipelagos in the world with 7,641 islands blight outbreak
(NAMRIA, 2017). It has a total land area of about 30 million hectares, and about 1847 The Earl of Claredon urged RAIS to appoint itinerant
41% of it is devoted to agriculture. The Philippine agriculture has a long history lecturers to travel around to help farmers improve their
which is divided into three stages of development: cultivation and grow nutritious crops
1890s Agricultural subjects in lectures
Pre-colonial period USA
• Indo-Malayan migrants brought with them a wet rice agriculture and carabao. 1850s - Morill Act of 1862 signed by Pres. Lincoln for the
• Agriculture were predominated near bodies of water like rivers and lake. Land Grant Colleges and Universities
• Slash and burn kaingin culture or non-plowing farming. - Farmers Institute Movements (FIM) which
• Main crops were rice, gabi, yams, bananas, corn, millet, coconuts, citrus, and organized 1 to 2 day meetings for the farmers
ginger 1989 - American Society for Extension of University
• In mid-1600, the estimated population was 500,000. Teaching
• Problems in this period were limited foreign trade, food scarcity, and in - Second Morill Act was passed, extending Land-
decrease agricultural production. Grant in other areas of USA
- FIM has been institutionalized
Colonial period 1891 University of Establishment of Land Grant College
• There was an increased in agricultural production Chicago and
• There were productions of mulberry, cocoa, wheat, cucumber, coffee, Wisconsin
watermelon new varieties of cereals peas, and vegetable. 1914 SMITH-LEVER ACT which established the
• Introduction of new technological innovation for production and processing. COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE (tripartite
• The Department of Agriculture and Manufacturing was formed eleven days between federal, state and local government)
after the proclamation of Philippine Independence (1898), and later renamed to Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries
Insular Bureau of Agriculture (IBA) under the Department of Interior (1901) 1940s Latin America Establishment of Agricultural Extension Organizations
• On March 6, 1909, the College of Agriculture was founded in University of the – and Caribbean
Philippine Los Baños which initiated the generation of technologies for 1960s
agriculture production in the country. 1960s More extension organizations were started in many
• In 1917, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources (DANR) was – African nations
created to took over the functions of IBA. 1970s

Post-war period Lesson 3. Extension in the Philippine Setting

• After the country’s liberation from the Japanese (1945), the government rebuilt Agricultural Extension Four Distinct Eras/periods in the Philippines
the country and reconstituted agencies including the Department of Agriculture Spanish Period (1521 -1898)
and Commerce (DAC) 1565 The beginnings of “extension work” through the setting
• Introduction of technological improvements up of GRANJAS MODELOS or model farms
• Modern farm inputs and farm mechanization in 1950s - Initiated by the first Spanish missionaries
• Building up of market for tractors and power tillers 19960s. - To serve as experimental stations and
• Establishment of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) demonstration centers for farmers
• Introduction of high yielding rice varieties. - To educate rice , corn, and tobacco farmers in large
• Development and expansion of international trading for coconut, tobacco, encomiendas
sugar, and pineapple. Towards the end of 18th century, extension work also
included REGULATORY FUNCTIONS particularly on the
CHAPTER 2. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION: AN INTERVENTION FOR production of tobacco and the grading of tobacco leaves
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT for export
INTRODUCTION American Period (1899-1940s)
Agricultural extension work has a venerable, albeit largely unrecorded, history. It is a Start of a more serious attempt at extension work by
significant social innovation, an important force in agricultural change, which has setting up the extension organization in the country.
been created and recreated, adapted and developed over the centuries. Its evolution April establishment of the BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE under
extends over nearly four thousand years, although its modem forms are largely a 30, the Department of Interior.
product of the past two centuries. Today, the organizations and personnel engaged 1902
in agricultural extension encompass a diverse range of socially sanctioned and July creation of the DEMONSTRATION and EXTENSION
legitimate activities which seek to enlarge and improve the abilities of farm people to 1910 DIVISION under the Bureau of Agriculture.
adopt more appropriate and often new practices and to adjust to changing conditions - The first formally organized government department
and societal needs (Jones, 2020). Implementing research and extension programs
- There are several experiment stations and
demonstration farms that were set up in strategic
Lesson 1. Historical Antecedents of Agricultural Extension places in the country.
THE 19th Century England - Establishment of AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS to
1840s Britain The term “university extension” or “extension of the educate and train government agricultural workers
university” was first recorded and others engaged in agricultural services.
1850s Oxford and Discussion about how they could serve the needs of 1919 Expansion of the extension work of the Demonstration
Cambridge the rapidly growing population in the industrial and and Extension Division to include
University urban areas • Organization of Farmers’ Cooperatives
1876- North of James Stuart of Trinity College in Cambridge gave • Rural Credit
1867 England lectures to women’s organization and men’s club; • Animal insurance
considered as the FATHER OF UNIVERSITY People engaged in the work were called “advisers”
EXTENSION 1923 • The name Demonstration and Extension Division
1871 University of Stuart appealed to organize centers for extension was changed to Agricultural Extension Service
Cambridge lectures under the university’s supervision • Start of Home Extension (Division of Home
1872 University of Adopted the system Economics)
Cambridge
1876 University of Adopted the system
• Maria Y. Orosa founded the home extension service
starting as a unit under the Organic Chemistry
London
Division of the Bureau of Science.
1878 University of Followed the system
Oxford • Home extension work in the Division of Organic
Chemistry was mainly on food preservation and
1880 The system was referred to as EXTENSION
MOVEMENT; The university extended its use preparation, home management, and demonstration
work.
beyond the campus thus became more
Institutionalized function of the universities 1925 Creation of the Fiber Standardization Board to take care
of educational work on fiber
1929 Reorganization of the Bureau of Agriculture with the
 creation of the Bureau of Animal Industry and Bureau of
Plant Industry
• Both bureaus continued doing extension activities
1933 The Fiber Standardization Board was abolished
transferring its educational work on fiber with the BPI.
1936 The Division of Home Economics was transferred to BPI
and merged with the Utilization Division
Commonwealth Period
1936 Commonwealth Act 85 was passed establishing the
PROVINCIAL EXTENSION SERVICES financed by the
provincial and municipal governments which resulted to
boarder and more comprehensive agricultural extension
system.
creation of position of PROVINCIAL AGRICULTURIST
Farm advisers were called EXTENSION AGENTS
Set –up of agricultural extension service CONTINUED
UNTIL THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR II
1938 BAI also created its own extension activities by
establishing a Livestock Extension Division charged with
the responsibility of demonstrating and disseminating
information materials on livestock and poultry production.
1942 – Japanese • Extension work was PARALYZED.
1945 Period • Home economics and agricultural extension works
suffered drawbacks
• 1945- Japanese occupation in the Philippines
ended with reconstruction at high gear.
Post-Independence Period (1946 to date)
1947 – The Home Extension Unit under BPI was FUSED with
the agricultural extension Unit of the Bureau of
agriculture.
1950 President Elpidio Quirino requested the President of the
USA to recommend measures to help the Philippines,
torn by WWII, become self-sufficient.
An Economic Survey Mission, the Bell Survey Mission,
was sent to the Philippines
- named after the chief of the mission - Daniel W.
Bell
Recommendation of the BSM:
- Consolidation of the Scattered Extension Services
in the different bureaus into ONE BUREAU that
would ADEQUATELY EXTEND INFORMATION TO
FARM FAMILIES for improved FARMING, HOME
MAKING and RURAL ORGANIZATION.
July Congress enacted REPUBLIC ACT NO. 680 CREATING
1952 the Bureau of Agricultural extension (BAEx) in response
to the recommendation of BSM.
BAEx was charged with the consolidation, coordination
and expansion of agricultural extension done by other
Augus BAEx was renamed AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
t 8, COMMISSION (APC) and was placed under the OFFICE
1963 of the PRESIDENT with broadened functions to include
implementation of the NATIONAL INTEGRATED LAND
REFORM PROGRAM
The Agricultural Tenancy Commission, the Agricultural
Credit Administration, and the Landbank were placed at
the top of the land reform program.
The FUNCTION of the APC was broadened to accelerate
- Progressive improvement in the productivity of
farms
- Advancement of farmers, and the
- Strengthening of the existing agricultural services
through the consolidation of all promotional,
education and information activities pertaining to
agriculture.
Pre-Martial Law Years
1965 The Rice Self- Sufficiency Program was
reconceptualized to include rice production, marketing
and distribution as well as the consolidation and
concentration of government and private sector
resources. - Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program was established.
1969 APC was made a cooperator of the NATIONAL FOOD
AND ARICULTURE COUNCIL (NFAC) in the country’s
food production program to promote rice self-sufficiency
Martial Law years
Nov. 1 Presidential Decree No.1
1972 - REVERTED THE APC to its ORIGINAL NAME, the
BAEx
- Functions and personnel of cooperatives were
transferred to the Department of Local Government
and Community Development.
Presidential Decree 970 – abolished the Bureau of Farm
Management of the DAR; extension function was
transferred to BAEx.
July 1, BAEx was transferred BACK to the DEPARTMENT OF
1973 AGRICULTURE
- The Abaca and other Fibers Board was fused with
BAEx.
1974 DANR was reorganized into two agencies:
- Department of Agriculture (DA) and
- Departmennt of Natural Resources (DNR)
1974 Masagana 99 Rice Production was implemented where
BAEx took a very aggressive role
- Masagana – BOUNTIFUL
- The Program aimed at a rice harvest of 99 cavans
per hectare; 99 sacks
- 1 cav = 50 kilos
- 50 kilos = 1 sack of rice
BAEx’s active role in the organization of SAMAHANG
NAYON, precooperatives at the village level, to prepare
farmers to be recipients pf the CERTOIFICATE OF
LAND TRANSFER in conjunction with the
implementation of the land reform program.
Structure of Extension
- Province – the prime mover in agricultural
development
- PAO – took on responsibility of implementing a
provincial integrated program on farm extension
and rural development.
- PAO was assisted by:
- SMHT – Senior Home Management Technicians
- SYDO – Senior Youth Development Officer
- PSMS – Provincial Subject Matter Specialist
Associations put up to mobilize participation of youth,
women and male farmers:
- 4H Clubs (1947 – 4H Club started in the
Philippines)
- Rural Improvement Clubs (RIC)
- Farmers Associations
- Integrated Agricultural Research Stations
(RIARS) were also established to provide
technical support to the extension workers.
1977 A WORLD BANK MISSION evaluated the Philippines’
agricultural extension service upon request of the
Philippine government.
- Result: The Philippines ADOPTED the
TRAINING AND VISIT SYSTEM (T&V) as a
development strategy designed to improve the
quantity of life of farm families.
1978 Creation of ministry – wide regional offices in the Ministry
of Agriculture.
Executive Order No. 967 – RENAMED the Ministry of
Agriculture into the MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND
FOOD (MAF).
March The NATIONAL EXTENSION PROJECT became
27, operational with World Bank loan of US$ 35 Million.
1979 - Strengthened Philippine agricultural extension
- Systematic transfer of technological packages
from research institutions to small rural
entrepreneurs and of improved home making
practices to their homes.
The Cory Aquino years
1987 - Ministry of Agriculture and Food was reorganized
and renamed DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.
- Policy of the state is to promote the well-being of
farmers, tenants, leaseholders, fisher folks, and
rural workers and accelerate agricultural
development by providing the right environment.
1987 EO No. 116
Merged BAEx, Philippine Agricultural Training Council
(PACT), Philippine Training Center for Rural
Development (PTCRD) into the AGRICULTURAL
TRAINING INSTITUTE (ATI)
“BIRTH of the ATI meant the DEATH of the BAEx”
ATI’s Mandate:
TRAINING of all Agricultural extension workers and their
clientele (mostly farmers) and other agricultural workers
The Fidel V. Ramos years
Three (3) BASIC LAWS of the land which determined the
roles and functions of various stakeholders and the
overall scheme of organizing and administering
agriculture and fishery extension programs.
- The Local Government Code – RA 7160
- The AFMA – RA 9281 - RA 8435
- The Fisheries Extension Code – RA 8850
STRATEGY of Extension under AFMA:
- Utilization of research results through formal and
non-formal education and through extension and
training service.
The Erap Estrada years
- Introduced the 10-point agenda in agriculture and
fisheries under the Agrikulturang Makamasa
Program