Reference

Aboagye, R. G., Mireku, O. D., Nsiah, J. J., & Ahinkorah, O. B., (2022). Prevalence and
psychosocial factors associated with serious injuries among in-school adolescents
in eight Sub-Saharan African countries. Available from;
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13198-6. [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Afukaar, F. K. (2012). The burden of child pedestrian fatalities in Africa: a systematic review and
meta-analysis, Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 18(4), 242-247.

Alonge, M. A., Olabisi, O. I., & Olajide, P. A. (2019). A systematic approach to injury policy
assessment: Introducing the assessment of child injury prevention policies. 25(3),
199 Available from: http://www.aap.org/research/abstracts/03abstract1.htm.
[Accessed 12 March 2023].

Antony, E. M. (2022). Framing childhood resilience through Bronfenbrenner’s ecological

systems theory: A Discussion Paper. Journal of Cambridge educational
research, 9, 244-257.

Asante, K. O., Onyeaka, H. K., Kugbey, N., & Quarshie, N. E. (2022). Self-reported injuries and
correlates among school-going adolescents in three countries in Western
sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of public health, 9, 22-39. Available from
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13315-5. [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Bigombe, B., & Gilbert, M. K. (2016). Major trends affecting families in Sub-Saharan Africa.
International social science journal, 42(4), 331-352.

Centers for diseases center and prevention. (2021). Injury among children and teens. Available
from http://www.cdc.gov/injury/research/among/children/child1.htm. [Accessed
12 March 2023].

Crawford, M. (2020). Ecological systems theory: exploring the development of the theoretical

framework as conceived by Bronfenbrenner article details. Journal of public health issues and
practices, 4(2), 2581-7264.

Damsere, D. J., Ebel, B. E., Mock, C. N., Afukaar, F. K., Donkor, P., & Boakye G. (2017).
Pedestrian injury patterns in rural Ghana. Africa journal of emergency medicine,
7(1), 9-13.
Durbin, D. R., Elliott, M. R., & Winston, F. K. (2015). Belt-positioning booster seats and
reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes. Journal of the
American medical association, 293(24), 3072-3078.

Edinyang, D. S. (2016). The significance of social learning theories in the teaching of social
studies education. International journal of sociology and anthropology research,
2(1), 40-45.

Eruoghene, B., Olowookere, D. A., & Okon, J. I. (2017): Critical study of near drowning cases at
a pediatric emergency department in West Africa. The internet Journal of Health,
8(2), 21-42.

Fatiregun, A. A. & Odeyemi, K. A. (2012). National morbidity and mortality rates due to road
traffic injuries: Time to prioritise public health innovation. Journal of clinical
epidemiology, 5(1), 1-7.

Gallaher, J. R., Benjamin, W., Mabedi, C., Bruce, A., & Anthony, G. (2015). Intentional injury
against children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A tertiary trauma centre experience.
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2015.10.072. [Accessed 15
March 2023].

Ibingira, C. B. R., Tumwiine, J., Nankabirwa, P., & Nankunda, J. (2016). Prevalence of child
injuries in Mbale region, Eastern Uganda. African journal of surgeon, 21(1), 58-
64.

Kwaku, O. A., Henry, K. O., & Emmanuel, N, Q. (2022). Self-reported injuries and correlates
among adolescents in three countries in Western sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of
public health, 22(1), 755-899.

Laursen, B., Jensen, G. F., & Vestergaard, E. (2020). Injury mortality in Danish children aged 0–
14: national trends over three decades. The internet journal of neonatology,
99(2), 240-245.

Milton, M., Stephen, L., Emilio, O., & Svanström, L. (2014). Unintentional Childhood Injury
patterns, odds, and outcomes in Kampala city: an analysis of surveillance data
from the national pediatric emergency unit. Journal of injury and violence
research, 3(1), 13-18.
Moshiro, R., Furia, F. F., Massawe, A., & Mmbaga, J. E. (2021). Pattern and risk factors for
childhood injuries in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 21(2), 817-825. Available from;
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i2.42 [Accessed March 14, 2023].

Nabavi, T. R. & Bijandi, S. M. (2012). Bandura's social learning theory & social cognitive
learning theory. 13(4), 623-649.

Olaniyi, F. P. R. (2015). The global problem of injuries to children and adolescents. American
Academy of Pediatrics. International journal of health, 123(1), 168-169.

Olaleye, O. A., Irinoye, O. O., Faronbi, O. J., Afolabi, O. A., Omomuniniyi, A. O. & Azanfack,
A. K. (2016). Nonfatal Unintentional Injuries in a peri-urban community in
Nigeria. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(8), 2231-5780.

Oluwadiya, K. S., Okeniyi, J. A., & Ogunlesi, T. A. (2014). Motor injury: an emerging menace
to child health in Nigeria. The internet Journal of pediatrics and neonatology,
5(1), 10-25.

Oyebola, O. R., Adekanye, A. O., Olawepo, J. O., Osinupebi, O. A., & Malomo, A. O. (2016).
Pattern of childhood injuries presenting at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Journal
of paediatric surgery, 13(3), 129-133.

Oyedeji, O. A., Oyelani O. A., & Oyedeji, G. A. (2012). Childhood burns in South Eastern
Nigeria. African Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 6(1), 24-27.

Popa, O. C., Adrian, V. R., Wesley, C. L., & Sheri, P. (2020). Bronfenbrenner’s ecological
system theory and the experience of institutionalization of Romanian children.
Available from; http://www.sagepub.com.. Accessed March 13, 2023

Rahayu, S., Nurjanah, S., & Indriani, W. (2021). Application of albert Bandura social learning
theory in Pai learning at Al-Wafa Ciwidey Smp Bandung. Journal of
multidisciplinary research, 12(1), 83-96.

Samuel, N. F., Anthony, B. Z., & Charles, N. M. (2019). Injury control in Africa: getting
governments to do more. Journal of tropical medicine and international health
3(5), 349–356.

Suleiman, A. S., Raji, O. P., & Oyewole, B. A. (2013). Epidemiology of hospitalized burn
patients in Nigeria. Journal of Burn Care and Research, 28(3), 468-473.
Tiruneh, T. B., Bifftu, B. B., Anlay, Z. D., Yismaw, S. Y., & Dachew, A. B. (2017). Factors
associated with unintentional injury among paediatric age population in the
hospitals of Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia. African journal of
emergency medicine, 7(17), 55-59.

Ugwoke, U. M. (2013). Injuries among Adolescents. Journal of afrimed, 4(1), 10-30.

World Health Organization, (2008). WHO Global burden of disease: 2004 update. Available
from; http://healthinfo/globaburdendisease/2004reportupdate/en/index.htm.
[Accessed 12 March 2023].

World Health Organization. (2018). Child injuries in Nigeria. Available from:

http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/nga_en.pdf. [Accessed 12 March 2023].

World Health Organization. (2020). Child injuries. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-

room/fact-sheets/detail/child-injuries.

Yemodish, B., Mengestu, D., Mezlekia, M., Sahle, S. B., Daniachew, S. R. (2021). Unintentional
injuries among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: findings from a cohort
study. Journal of public health, 190, 48-57.

Yihan, M., Juan, S., Ming, H., Rusi, Y., & Panzi, Y. (2022). Risk factors of in-home
unintentional injuries among 0-6-year-old children in China: a cross sectional
survey based on Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory. Available from:
https://www.healthdata.org/gbd/2022. Accessed 13 March 2023.

.Blockchain technology is an innovative technology that has the potential to transform various
business models. Walmart, being one of the largest retailers in the world, can
leverage this technology to revolutionize its business operations. However, there
are various constraints, threats, and opportunities related to the incorporation of
blockchain technology in Walmart's business operations.

Constraints to Blockchain technology to Walmart's Business Operation:

One of the significant constraints of implementing Blockchain technology within Walmart's
business operation is the cost involved in the setup and maintenance of the
technology. Walmart is a company that operates on a large scale and has complex
supply chain operations. To implement Blockchain technology within the supply
chain, significant investments are required. Therefore, this technology may not
be financially viable for smaller suppliers or retailers.

Threats to Blockchain technology to Walmart's Business Operation:

The adoption of blockchain technology in the supply chain is still relatively new and untested,
making it vulnerable to threats such as hacking, technical glitches, and outages.
Blockchain technology relies on peer-to-peer networks and consensus
mechanisms that may be vulnerable to malicious attacks. Any potential security
issues with the technology could negatively impact Walmart's supply chain
operations.

Opportunities of Blockchain technology to Walmart's Business Operation:

Blockchain technology provides opportunities for Walmart to improve its supply chain
operations. Walmart's supply chain suffers from issues such as inventory
management, product tracking, and quality control. Implementing blockchain
technology into its supply chain operations can help Walmart achieve greater
transparency and traceability, by tracking and recording product movements in
real-time. Blockchain-based databases provide a single, tamper-proof record of
transactions that can be used to track inventory and verify product location,
reducing the risk of inaccuracies and theft.

Blockchain technology can also enhance Walmart's public image by demonstrating transparency
in its practices, including sourcing and supply chains. Walmart's customers and
shareholders are becoming increasingly concerned with corporate social
 responsibility, and blockchain technology can help the company demonstrate that
it is acting ethically and with consideration for the environment, social impact,
and labour practices.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Blockchain technology can provide significant opportunities for Walmart to

strengthen its supply chain operations and demonstrate its commitment to
responsible business practices. However, as with any new technology, there are
constraints and threats that must be addressed before implementing the
technology fully. While these challenges can be daunting, Walmart has the
financial resources and technical expertise to overcome them and emerge as a
leader in the adoption of this transformative technology within the retail sector.

References

M. Crosby, P. Pattanayak, S. Verma, V. Kalyanaraman, and A. M. Yener, “Blockchain

Technology: Beyond Bitcoin,” Applied Innovation, vol. 2, pp. 6–10, 2016.

J. Begos, “Blockchain Technology: An Overview,” Journal of Library Technology, vol. 37, no. 2,
pp. 1–15, Mar. 2017.

P. Rosenblatt and M. Neg, “The 5 pitfalls of implementing blockchain for supply chain,” Supply
Chain Dive, 22-May-2020. [Online]. Available:
https://www.supplychaindive.com/news/the-5-pitfalls-of-implementing-
blockchain-for-supply-chain/578103/. [Accessed: 11-Oct-2021].