Types of

Ports

The terms "port" and "seaport" are used for different types of port facilities that handle ocean- going
vessels, and river port is used for river traffic, such as barges and other shallow-draft vessels.

Some types of port are:

Inland port. An inland port is a port on a navigable lake, river (fluvial port), or canal with access to a sea or ocean,
which therefore allows a ship to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or unload its cargo. An example of
this is the St. Lawrence Seaway which allows ships to travel from the Atlantic Ocean several hundred kilometers inland to the
Great Lakes.

Fishing port. A fishing port is a port or harbor for landing and distributing fish. It may be a recreational
facility, but it is usually commercial. A fishing port is the only port that depends on an ocean product, and
depletion of fish may cause a fishing port to be uneconomical. In recent decades, regulations to save fishing
stock may limit the use of a fishing port, perhaps effectively closing it.

Dry port. A dry port is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport and
operating as a centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations.

Seaport. A seaport is further categorized as a "cruise port" or a "cargo port". Additionally, "cruise ports"
are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call". The "cargo port" is also further categorized into a
"bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container port".

Cruise home port. A cruise home port is the port where cruise-ship passengers board (or embark) to start
their cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the end of their cruise. It is also where the cruise ship's
supplies are loaded for the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to fruits, vegetable,
champagne, and any other supplies needed for the cruise. "Cruise home ports" are a very busy place during
the day the cruise ship is in port, because off-going passengers debark their baggage and on-coming
passengers board the ship in addition to all the supplies being loaded. Currently, the Cruise Capital of the
World is the Port of Miami, Florida, closely followed behind by Port Everglades, Florida and the Port of San Juan,
Puerto Rico.

Cargo port. Cargo ports, on the other hand, are quite different from cruise ports, because each handles very
different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by very different mechanical means. The port may handle one
particular type of cargo or it may handle numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals,
wood, automobiles, etc. Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break bulk ports". Those ports that handle
containerized cargo are known as container ports. Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very
specific as to what cargo they handle. Additionally, the

individual cargo ports are divided into different operating terminals which handle the different cargoes, and are
operated by different companies, also known as terminal operators or stevedores.

III Mark TRUE or FALSE according to the information above.

TRUE FALSE 1.-A seaport is the only port that depends on an ocean product.

TRUE FALSE 2.-St. Lawrence Seaway is a good example of a dry port.

TRUE FALSE
 3.-Cruise and cargo ports are kinds of seaports.

TRUE FALSE 4.-The cargo loading and unloading capital of the world is Miami.

TRUE FALSE 5.-A cargo port may handle only one particular type of cargo.

TRUE FALSE 6. - Fishing port use has been regulated in recent decades.

Most Popular Ports of the

World

***Asia
The port of Shanghai is the largest port in the world in both cargo tonnage and activity. It regained its position as
the world's busiest port by cargo tonnage and the world's busiest container port in 2009 and 2010, respectively. It
is followed by the ports of Singapore and Hong Kong, both of which are in Asia.
***Europe
Europe's busiest container port and biggest port by cargo tonnage by far is the Port of Rotterdam, in the
Netherlands. It is followed by the Belgian Port of Antwerp or the German Port of Hamburg, depending
on which metric is used.
***North America

The largest ports are Los Angeles in the U.S., Manzanillo in Mexico and Vancouver in Canada. Panama also
has the Panama Canal that connects the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, and is a key conduit for international trade.
***South America

The largest port in South America is the Port of Santos, Brazil.

IV Answer.

What are the most important ports in Venezuela? Name three. Identify them in the map.
4
7
4

Why are seaports important?

Seaports are a shelter with facilities for berthing and anchoring ships and provide equipment for transfer of goods
from ship-shore, shore-ship & ship-ship. They function as: distribution centers, industrial zones,
energy supply bases, mercantile trading centers with banks, brokers, and traders, urbanization and
city redevelopment centers, maritime leisure bases in cruise passenger ship terminals, private yacht marinas, etc.

✓ Ports form a vital aspect of the national transport infrastructure. They form the main transport link with
their international trading partners and are a focal point for national and regional motorways and railways.

Ports are a blessing for national prosperity - they provide a gateway for trade and attract commercial
infrastructure such as banks, shipping agencies, freight forwarders, stevedores, etc.

✓ Ports are places where foreign cultures and ideas influence a nation.

✓ Ports are places where repairs and/or planned maintenance is carried out on ships.

✓ Ports are places where costly delays can occur, ships are surveyed, most shipping services
agents, brokers, etc. are located, cargoes come from, and customs and government policies are implemented.

V Solve the crossword puzzle. Help with the words in bold from the text.

8
3
1
2

Across

5
1. To provide, available.
4. Time free from work or duty.
6.Main road for fast moving
traffic.

7. Agent who buys and sells for a

commission.
8. Designed or built for specific
function or service.

Down

1.Engaged in the loading or

unloading of a ship.
2. To connect parts.
3. Protection, refuge.
5. Structure for enclosing entrance,
passage.

6. Docking facility for pleasure

boats.
5

PLANNING OF PORTS
CLASSIFICATION OF PORTS

Sea Ports

• Inland Ports

• Fishing
Ports
•

Warm Water Ports

Dry Ports
Cruise Home Ports

Cargo
Ports
FISHING PORTS

Fishing ports mainly donates to the

commercial sphere as it participates in
fishing.
. The existence of a fishing port entirely relies upon
the availability of fishes in that region of the
ocean. A fishing port can be an inland port

or a seaport.
Navotas Fish Port Complex

SEA PORTS

Most common types of ports around the

world. A seaport can be further categorized as
cargo

port or cruise port.

Special warehouses are also constructed to

store the shipment, and to maintain the regular

stocking.

Port of Shanghai (Shanghai, China)

Batangas Port
WARM WATER PORTS

The biggest advantage where a warm water port is

concerned, is that the water does not freeze during
the frosty winters.

Therefore, it is free to operate all year round

without a temporary shutdown during the
 freezing time.
The Port of Murmansk (Murmansk, Russia)

INLAND PORTS

Built on comparatively smaller water bodies

such as rivers or lakes.

Inland ports can either be for cargo purposes or for

passengers or for both.
They have access to the sea with the help of a
canal system.
St. Lawrence Seaway (Montreal, Canada)
DRY PORTS

Inland terminals that can be interconnected

with a seaport via road or rail transportation

facilities.

⚫ A dry port proves useful in the trade of

importing and exporting cargo.
⚫ A dry port consists of all the necessary machinery
to handle the constant clearance of shipment.

Laguna Dry
Port

CRUISE HOME PORTS

Specializes in dealing with the activities of a

cruise ships.

A cruise home port is also capable of

providing
the essential provisions required for a
luxurious
cruise voyage.

Port of Call

Port of Manila (SuperStar

Virgo)
champagne, and any other supplies needed
for
the cruise.
 Cruise capital of the world

• Port of Miami, florida

Port everglades,
florida

CARGO PORTS

These ports are also known as "bulk ports" or

"break bulk ports".

A cargo port may be designed to deal

with single, as well as multiple types of
products.
• Deep water ports are sometimes used along with those cargo
ports which do not have sufficient depth to
allow big ships.
A cargo port which engages in the transfer of
containerized goods is referred to as a
container port.
Manila International Container Terminal
Port of san juan, Puerto rico

FUNCTIONS OF PORTS

Sea port

Can be further categorized as a "cruise port" or a "cargo port".

"cruise ports" are also known as a "home port" or a "port of call".

The "cargo port" is also further categorized into

a "bulk" or "break bulk port" or as a "container

port".

Cruise port
 where cruise-ship passengers embark to start their
cruise and disembark the cruise ship at the
end of their cruise.

where the cruise ship's supplies are loaded for

the cruise, which includes everything from fresh water and fuel to
fruits, vegetables,
Cargo port

quite different from cruise ports, because each

handles very different cargo, which has to be loaded and unloaded by very different mechanical means.

handles numerous cargoes, such as grains, liquid fuels, liquid chemicals, wood,
automobiles, etc.

Such ports are known as the "bulk" or "break

bulk ports".

Those ports that handle containerized cargo are

known as container ports.

Most cargo ports handle all sorts of cargo, but some ports are very specific as to what cargo they handle.
•

Cargo port

Inland port

a port on a navigable lake, river (fluvial port),

or
canal with access to a sea or ocean.

Ship are able to sail from the ocean inland to the port to load or
unload its cargo.
St. Lawrence seaway

PORTS PLANNING

INDIVIDUAL PORT PLANNING

• NATIONAL PORT PLANNING

INDIVIDUAL PORT PLANNING

Fishing port

a port or harbor for landing and

distributing fish.

It may be a recreational facility, but it is usually

commercial.

the only port that depends on an ocean

 product, and depletion of fish may cause a
fishing port to be uneconomical.
• Fishing port
•

LONG-TERM PLANNING (MASTER

PLAN)

SHORT-TERM PLANNING

LONG-TERM PLANNING

(MASTER
PLAN)

OUTLINE OF THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF

THE PORT.

PLAN FOR 10-20 YEARS.

INCLUDES PHYSICAL LAYOUT PLANS FOR LAND

AND WATER AREAS.

DEMMAND FORECAST OF THE PORT.

LONG-TERM PLAN OUTLINE:

Warm water port

the water does not freeze in wintertime.

• Since the port is available year-round, warm- water

ports can be of great geopolitical or
economic interest.

Warm water port

Dry port

an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or

rail to a seaport and operating as a centre for
the transshipment of sea cargo to inland
destinations.

Dry port
CLARIFICATION
OF THE ROLE OF
THE PORT
DETERMINATION
OF THE
SOCIOECONOMIC
FRAMEWORK OF
THE
 HINTERLAND

EXAMINATION OF
THE NATURAL CONDITIONS
PHYSICAL LAYOUT PLANS FOR LAND AND WATER AREA

SHORT TERM PLANNING

DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF THE PORT IN MORE

CONCRETE TERMS.

INCLUDES:

DETAILED TRAFFIC FORECAST.

STRUCTURAL TYPES FOR MAIN PORT

FACILITIES.

O
MEASURED USING TWO DISCOUNT

RATIOS

FINANCIAL INTERNAL RATE OF

RETURN
(FIRR)
ECONOMIC INTERNAL RATE OF

RETURN
(EIRR)

SHORT-TERM PLAN OUTLINE:

STRUCTURAL
DESIGN & COST
ESTIMATION

PREPARATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

CONSISTENT WITH THE
MASTER PLAN

PORT
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

NATIONAL PORT PLANNING

ECONOMIC AND
FINANCIAL
ANALYSIS

CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

-

SERVES

AS A GUIDELINE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF

INDIVIDUAL PORT PLAN.

O TARGET OF PORT DEVELOPMENT.

O NATIONAL TRAFFIC DEMMAND.

O
NATIONWIDE ALLOCATION OF PORTS.
 O ESTIMATION OF FACILITY DEMMANDS.

NATIONAL PORT PLANNING

• FINANCIAL PLANNING.

O
BUDGETARY ALLOCATION IN A PERIOD

OF TIME.

EXECUTION PLAN WITH FINANCIAL

BACKING.

CONTENTS OF PORT PLANNING

Main components in port planning

Analysis of present condition and role of

the
port

Demand forecast

Scale and layout of port facilities

Engineering design, implementation plan

and
cost estimate

Management and operation system

Economic and financial analysis

MAIN PROCEDURES OF PORT PLANNING

ESTIMATE OF THE
BENEFIT
AND
REVENUES
PRESENT CONDITION AND ROLE OF
THE PORT

FORECAST OF DEMAND
CARGO PASSENGER

SCALE AND LAYOUT OF PORT

FACILITIES

DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND COST ESTIMATE

MANAGEMENT
AND OPERATION-
SYSTEM

ESTIMATE OF
COSTS

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

END