Effective

Speaking
Prepared by: Danielle Joei R. Nazareno, LPT
Today we will:
Learn the importance of
speaking as well as listening;
Familiarized themselves with
different communication
theory; and
Further develop their
speaking skills through a
Public Speech activity.
A Dreadful Language called English
I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Others may stumble, but not you
On hiccough, though, laugh and through?

Well done! And now you wish perhaps

To learn of these familiar traps?
 Beware of heard, a dreadful word
That looks like beard and sounds like bird!

And dead: it's said like bed, not bead,

For Goodness' sake, don't call it dee!
Watch out for meat and great and threat,
They rhyme with suite and straight and debt.
 A moth is not a moth in mother
Nor both in bother, broth in brother,
And here is not a match for there,
Nor dear and fear for bear and pear.

And then there's dose and rose and lose

Just look them up - and goose and choose.
And cork and work and card and ward.
And font and front and word and sword.
And do and go and thwart and cart -
Come, come, I've hardly made a start!
A dreadful language? Man Alive,
I'd mastered it when I was five.
According to Turk (1985) in his book “Effective Speaking:
Communication in Speech”, everyone must be a listener
sometimes; at lectures, presentations, meetings, and on the
telephone, we spend a lot of our time listening to others
talking.
According to Phiri (2013) Effective
Communication can be defined as
“communication that achieves the
intended objectives of both the speaker
and the listener.”
Also, Effective Communication can be defined
as a process of exchanging ideas, thoughts,
knowledge, beliefs and information such that
the purpose or intention is fulfilled in the best
possible manner.
 Let's share!
Learn to speak
well

A first stage in building up the

confidence to speak is to think
about the job of speaking, what
tools you will use, and what
affects you aim to achieve.
 Let's share!

Effective speaking is speaking in

such a way that the message
being communicated is noticeably
perceived then, if possible, acted
upon. Speaking skills has been
categorized into two categories,
namely: “personal qualities and
vocal qualities.” Stanton (1982,
p.13).
What you actually need:
Empathy: The capacity to understand another person’s point of view or a paranormal
ability to psychically read another person’s thoughts, feelings, or emotional state.

Clarity: This is the state or measure of being clear, either in appearance, lucidity or
thought. Being a good speaker demands that one need to be able to clearly express
ideas

Accuracy: In communication accuracy is how well communicators create verbal and

nonverbal messages that is understood by others and how well those messages are
recognized, comprehended, recalled, and interpreted.
What you actually need:
Sincerity: The quality or state of genuine heartfelt, honesty of mind or intention,
freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false pretense.

Relaxation: This is a process that decreases the effect of stress on your mind and
body. Relaxation helps get rid of unnatural speech idiosyncratic.

Eye contact: A speaker who does not look at the audience may express messages like
‘I am not so interested,’ ‘I am not too sure of myself,’ or even ‘I am not too sure of what
I am saying.’
What you actually need:
Appearance: How well the audience understand you is dependent on how well you
look. Literally, one’s appearance reflects oneself image.

Posture: The way someone holds and position their body is important. Imagine a
speaker who slouches in their chair as they speak translates a message to their
audience which might curiosity be received by them.

The mechanism of speech: many mechanical skills are involved in speech. Speech
mechanism is the process through which thoughts are translated into speech.
What you actually need:
Pitch: The highness or lowness of a tone as perceived by the ear, which depends on
the number of vibrations per second produced by the vocal cord.

Volume: This is the perceived loudness of the speaker. Loudness is what the audience
perceives and it relates to the physical strength (amplitude).

Diction and accent: Diction is the effectiveness and the degree of clarity of word
choice, expression, and the pronunciation of words which to some extent is affected
by the accent.
What you actually need:
Speed: The message getting sent to the audience is also affected by the speed at
which the speaker talks.

Tone: Tone is the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for
example, in Chinese the tone variations are often amalgamated with the vocal pitch
and the speed associated in showing and giving interest, and emphasis to the speech.
What needs to be done,
really?
If we are to improve speaking skills, we
must first become more aware of
ourselves, our motivations, behavior
patterns, and likely mistakes. Second, we
must be aware of the audience’s
psychology, and their reactions to the
speaker’s faults and omissions.
Communication in Theory

Shannon and Weaver Model

Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver designed

a model in 194914 which schematizes the
process of communicating in its most general
form. This model is one of the oldest, and most
used in the study of communication.
Communication in Theory

Aristotle’s model of communciation

Aristotle’s model of communication primarily

focuses on the sender (public speaker,
professor, etc.) who passes on their message
to the receiver (the audience).
Communication in Theory

Lasswell’s model of communciation

Lasswell’s communication model views
communication as the transmission of a message
with the effect as the result. The effect in this case is
the measurable and obvious change in the receiver
of the message that is caused by the elements of
communication. If any of the elements change, the
effect also changes.
Communication in Theory

Osgood-Schramm model of communication

The Osgood-Schramm model is a circular

model of communication, in which messages
go in two directions between encoding and
decoding.
Communication in Theory
Westley and Maclean model of
communication
The Westley and Maclean communication
model suggests that the communication
process does not start with the source/sender,
but rather with environmental factors.
Communication in Theory

Transactional model of communication

Transactional communication models view

communication as a transaction, meaning that it is
a cooperative process in which communicators co-
create the process of communication, thereby
influencing its outcome and effectiveness.
Speech came first!

Spoken language was the first

form of communication
between human beings. It
came long before written
language, and writing is a
transcript of speech, not vice
versa.