Physical

Science
12-ABM A
PANTUA, MARISTEL M.
Pre-Service Teacher
ENERGY RESOURCES:
HOW ENERY IS
HARNESSED
 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

• Describe how energy is harnessed from different

sources;
Renewable Resources & Non-Renewable Resurces
• Recommend ways on how to mitigate the misuse of
different energy source that affects the environment
and daily life of humans; and

• Make a research and explore about the different

energy sources.
ENERGY RESOURCES:
HOW ENERGY IS
HARNESSED

➢ 1970s- 1980 emergence of energy

policy and conservation.

➢ The oil sector in the period from

the early 1970s to 1985 was
characterized by falling production,
fewer new discoveries and
extreme economic fluctuations.
ENERGY RESOURCES:
HOW ENERGY IS
HARNESSED
➢ The Philippines was about 80
percent dependent on foreign
crude, by the mid-1980s this
had dropped to less than 60
percent.

➢ The increase in indigenous

energy production has been
notable.
ENERGY RESOURCES:
HOW ENERGY IS
HARNESSED

ENERGY UN SDG

RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE
ENERGY ENERGY
 ENERGY
Energy is defined as the ability to
do work. Work is done when a
force makes an object move in
the direction of the applied force
POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY

Energy stored in
an object Energy of
because of its moving
position or matter
shape
ENERGY HARNESSING NETWORK

It is a complex system that

starts with extraction from a
variety of sources and then
moves to transformation,
storage, distribution and finally
utilization.
ENERGY HARNESSING NETWORK
More than

60% of
resource use are
towards food and drink,
mobility (cars, trains),
and housing.
UNITED NATIONS: THE 17 GOALS
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development, adopted by all
United Nations Member States in
2015, provides a shared blueprint
for peace and prosperity for
people and the planet, now and
into the future.
 SDG #7 Ensure access to
affordable, reliable, sustainable
and modern energy for all

Lack of access to energy

supplies and transformation
systems is a constraint to human
and economic development.
POWER PLANT
- A power plant is an industrial
facility that generates electricity
from primary energy.

- Most power plants use one or

more generators that convert
mechanical energy into electrical
energy in order to supply power to
the electrical grid for society's
electrical needs.
 CHARACTERISTIC OF GOOD SOURCES OF ENERGY

1. Should be capable of providing adequate amount of energy.

2. Should be convenient to use & easy to store, handle &
transport.
3. Should be capable of giving desired quantity at required rate
steadily over a long period.
4. Should be easily accessible.
5. Should be economical.
6. Should release energy in mostly all forms in which the day-to-
day requirement exists.
 RENEWABLE SOURCES
Renewable source is produced from
sources that do not deplete or can be
Renewable Resources & Non-Renewable
replenished Resurces
within a human's life time.

The most common examples include

wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, and
hydropower.
- Geothermal power utilizes the heat
energy from the earth’s crust. This heat
energy heats up rocks which, in turn, heats
up nearby groundwater.

- The Malitbog Geothermal Power Station

is a 232.5 MW geothermal power plant or
an earth steam turbined electric generator-
-the world's largest geothermal power plant
under one roof located in Malitbog,
Kananga, Leyte, Philippines.
The Malitbog
Geothermal
Power Station
 Advantages of Geothermal Energy Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy

• Provides an unlimited supply of energy. • Start-up/development costs can be

• Produces no air or water pollution expensive.
• Maintenance costs, due to corrosion,
can be a problem.
- Hydroelectric power (hydropower) is
derived from the energy of falling or
moving water to generate electricity.
Hydropower is a renewable energy source
because it is replenished constantly by the
fall and flow of snow and rainfall in the
water cycle.

- As water flows through devices such as a

water wheel or turbine, the kinetic (motion)
energy of the water is converted to
mechanical energy, which can be used to
grind grain, drive a sawmill, pump water, or
produce electricity.
 Advantages of Hydroelectric Energy
• Abundant, clean, and safe.
• Easily stored in reservoirs
• Relatively inexpensive way to produce
electricity.
• Offers recreational benefits like boating,
fishing, etc.
Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Energy
• Can have a significant environmental
impact
• Can be used only where there is a
water supply.
• Best sites for dams have already been
developed.
Cagayan Valley’s worst
flood in 40 years

Magat Dam discharged

1,355 cubic meters per
second of water for overflow
to be prevented
- Wind has been used in centuries to move
ships and pump water. Wind turbines are
installed in strategic locations to harness
the mechanical energy from wind.

- While an electric fan uses electricity to

produce wind, a wind turbine uses wind to
produce electricity. Not only is wind an
abundant and inexhaustible resource, but it
also provides electricity without burning
any fuel or polluting the air.
 Advantages of Wind Energy Disadvantages of Wind Energy

• Is a “free” source of energy • Requires constant and significant

• Produces no water or air pollution amount of wind
• Wind farms are relatively inexpensive to • Wind farms requires significant amount
build of land
• Land around wind farms can have other • Can have a significant visual impacts
uses on landscapes
- Solar power is a variable energy source
that is dependent on the cycle of the sun.

- The Philippines, being situated near the

equator, has many potential sites where
solar energy may be harnessed.

- It is a promising, carbon-neutral energy

source. Solar power is produced in two
ways: concentrating solar power (CSP)
and photovoltaic.
 Advantages of Solar Energy
• Drying clothes is made easier by Infrared
radiation of sun.
• To obtain salt from seawater by
evaporation.
• To get rid of moisture content in food
grains.
• To prevent preserve fruits, vegetable,
sea foods by sun drying
Disadvantages of Solar Energy
• Energy reach in the surface is very
much diffused and so the direct utility is
limited.
• It is not available uniformly all the times
and at all the places.
• It is not available in night.
• Cloud formation may obstruct the
reflection
- Biomass refers to organic matter from
plants and animals (microorganisms).
Organic wastes such as crop remains,
manure, and garbage usually left to rot,
can be used or electricity generation.

- Energy harnessed in biomass is used

to create methane and alcohol which are
fuels useful in energy production and in
powering automobiles
 Advantages of Biomass Energy Disadvantages of Biomass Energy

• Abundant and renewable. • May not be cost effective

• Can be used to burn waste products. • Burning biomass can result in air
pollution
NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES
Non-renewable source which is a natural
resource that cannot be readily replaced
Renewable Resources & Non-Renewable
by natural Resurces
means at a quick enough pace
to keep up with consumption.

The most common examples include

fossil fuel and electrochemical
(batteries).
- Fossil fuels are still the main energy
source for the world’s economic engine. .

- As the trees and plants died, they were

covered in layers of silt and sand and,
under great pressure, gradually became
formed into coal deposits.”

- Power plants burn fossil fuels and the

heat generated during this process is
used to turn water into steam and this
turns the turbines.
 Oil
Oil is a liquid fossil fuel. Most of the worlds oil is still
deep under the ground.

Coal
Coal is a black or brownish rock. We burn coal to
create energy
 Advantages of Fossil Fuel Energy
• The capacity to generate huge amounts
of electricity in just a single location.
• Fossil fuels are very easy to find.
• When coal is used in power plants, they
are very cost effective. Coal is also in
abundant supply
Disadvantages of Fossil Fuel Energy
• Burning of coal and petroleum lead to
air pollution.
• They cause acid rain by forming oxide
of carbon, nitrogen & Sulphur.
• They cause global warming.
- A battery is a device that stores chemical
energy and converts it to electrical energy.

- The chemical reactions in a battery

involve the flow of electrons from one
material (electrode) to another, through
an external circuit. The flow of electrons
provides an electric current that can be
used to do work.
 Advantages of Electrochemical Energy
• The capacity to generate huge amounts
of electricity in just a single location.
• Fossil fuels are very easy to find.
• When coal is used in power plants, they
are very cost effective. Coal is also in
abundant supply
Disadvantages of Electrochemical Energy
• Batteries Cannot be recycled
• Can leak (weak acid electrolyte reacts
with zinc)
• Short shelf–life, unstable voltage and
current (as battery 'runs down')
• Low power.
1. It is defined as the ability to do work.

ENERGY
2. It is adopted by all United Nations Member
States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for
peace and prosperity for people and the
planet, now and into the future.

The 20230 Agenda for

Sustainable Development
3.Sustainable Development Goal 7

Ensure access to affordable,

reliable, sustainable and
modern energy for all
4. 2 Kinds of Energy Resources

Renewable and Non-

renewable Resources
 How will you conserve
your energy consumption
of at home?
Make a short video showing how you
conserve energy resources in your
daily life at home. Maximum of 3
minutes. Send this in the Group Chat
on or before Thursday, February 22,
2024.