Process of booting the Windows 10

Vismaya K P
BA Economics Hons
3rd Sem

The following six steps are commonly followed when launching Windows on a laptop:

1. Turn on the laptop: To turn on the laptop, press the power button. The laptop's hardware,
including the CPU, memory, and motherboard, is turned on for the first time.

2. BIOS/UEFI initialization: The BIOS or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is in charge
of initializing hardware components and running a Power-On Self-Test (POST). The BIOS/UEFI
firmware inspects the hardware, recognizes peripherals, and configures the device to boot an
operating system.

3. Invocation of the bootloader: Following hardware initialization, the BIOS/UEFI firmware

transfers control to the bootloader. The bootloader is in charge of handling the boot process and
deciding which operating system to load. GRUB (often used in Linux systems) or Windows Boot
Manager (usually used in Windows systems) can be used as the bootloader.

4. Operating system loading: When the bootloader is executed, the operating system is loaded
into the laptop's memory (RAM). This is normally the Windows kernel and accompanying system
files for Microsoft Windows.

5. Initialization of the Windows kernel (ntoskrnl.exe): The Windows kernel (ntoskrnl.exe) takes
control and begins initializing important system components and drivers. The kernel creates
critical data structures, communicates with hardware devices, and sets up the environment for
user-mode processes.

6. User login and desktop display: The Windows operating system loads numerous system
services and user-specific components after the kernel initialization. Depending on the system
settings, the user is greeted with the login screen or straight accesses the desktop. The desktop
environment and user-specific apps are loaded after a successful login, allowing the user to
interact with the Windows operating system.
These steps describe how to boot Windows on a laptop in general. Keep in mind that specifics
may differ depending on the laptop's hardware setup, BIOS/UEFI firmware, and Windows version.