BITS Pilani

Hydraulic Pumps
Hydraulic Pumps
General pumping system
In this lecture

• Constructional features

• Velocity triangle and energy transfer

• Manometric, mechanical and overall efficiency,

• Forward, radial and backward curved vanes

• Slip in centrifugal pump

4
Net head developed by the
pump
Constructional features
8
Velocity triangles

9
 Effect of impeller blade shape
on performance

• Forward vanes - Energy transfer for a given speed is high ---- Vw2 > U2

• Radial vanes – Easy to manufacture, can run at high speed - Vw2 = U2

• Backward vanes – Energy transfer for a given speed is low –--- Vw2 < U2
Slip phenomenon
 Numerical Example 1
A centrifugal pump impeller runs at 1400 rpm, and vanes angle at exit is 25 degrees. The
impeller has an external diameter of 0.4 m and an internal diameter of 0.2 m. Assuming a
constant radial flow through the impeller at 2.6 m/s and zero whirl velocity at inlet, calculate
(1) the angle made by the absolute velocity of water at exit with the tangent, (2) the inlet
vane angle, and (3) the work done per kg of water
 Example

The internal and external diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump which is running at
1000 rpm, are 200mm and 400mm, respectively. The discharge through the pump is
0.04m3/s and velocity of flow is constant at 2m/s. The diameters of the suction and delivery
pipes are 150mm and 100mm respectively and static suction head and delivery head are 6m
(abs) and 30m (abs) respectively. If the outlet vane angle is 45 degrees and power required
to drive the pump is 16.186 kW, determine
1) Inlet vane angle
2) Overall efficiency
3) Manometric efficiency
Cavitation
Numerical example

In one of the centrifugal pump instalments cavitation starts when the static and dynamic
head was 3.26m while the total head was 36.5m and the discharge of 48 lt/s. Take the
atmospheric pressure as 750mm of Hg and vapor pressure as 1.8kPa. Determine the value
of the cavitation parameter. If the pump has to provide the same total head and discharge
where the atmospheric pressure is 622mm of Hg and vapor pressure is 830 Pa, determine
the new height above the sump, to avoid cavitation.