Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Solapur

A
MINI PROJECT
REPORT ON
“AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER”
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering, P.A.H. Solapur University, Solapur.

Submitted by
1. Tushar Karande -37
2. Vishal Gore-28
3. Pramod Kashid -38

Under the guidance of

(Prof.S. S. Gangonda)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & TELE-COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KORTI,

PANDHARPUR
2022-2023

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 Savitribai Phule Shikshan Prasarak Mandals
SKN SINHGAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KORTI, PANDHARPUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled

“AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT
CONTROLLER”
Submitted by the following group of students
1) Tushar karande-37
2) Vishal Gore -28
3) Pramod Kashid-38

For the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Electronics & Tele-Communication

Engineering represents their original work which was carried out by them in the
Department of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering, as per curriculum laid
by the P.A.H. Solapur University, Solapur during academic year 2022-23.

(Prof. S.S Gangonda) Dr. A. O. Mulani

Guide HOD

Dr. K. J. Karande
Principal External Examiner

Date: - / /

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our pleasure to get this opportunity to thank our beloved and respected guide Prof.
S.S.Gangonda He is also kind enough to spare his valuable time to guide us in making
our project. We sincerely thank him for his consistent guidance, inspiration and
sympathetic to work, which we sure, will go a long way in our life. We owe sincere
thanks, more than what we can express, towards our Head, Electronics & Tele-
Communication Engineering Department, Dr. A.O. Mulani for his constant inspiration,
and assistance throughout the course.
We are grateful to Principal Dr. K. J. Karande for his encouragement and
guidance throughout the course.
We express our sincere thanks to all the staff, faculties and colleagues of
Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering Department of SKN SINHGAD
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, who have helped us directly or indirectly in
completing this project.
We are also grateful to our parents for wishes and moral support during the
preparation and all concerned for helping and encouraging us. We are grateful for the
many useful comments and suggestions provided by reviewers, which have resulted
significant improvements in the project.

1) Tushar Karande Roll No.: - 37

2) Vishal Gore Roll No: - 28

3)Pramod Kashid Roll No.: -38

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 DECLARATION

We declare that this report reflects our thoughts about the project in our own words.
We have sufficiently cited and referenced the original sources, referred or considered
in this work.
We have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in this our
submission.
We understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by
Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar, Solapur University, Solapur.

1) Tushar Karande-37
2) Vishal Gore-28
3) Pramod Kashid-38

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Place: Pandharpur Sign.
Date:

Sr. Index Page

No. No.
Abstract 6
Keyword 6
Nomenclature 7
Chapter 01: Introduction 8
1.1 Problem Statement 9
1.2 Scope of Study 10
1.3 Objectives 11
Chapter 02: Proposed System 12
2.1 Methodology 13
2.2 Components 14
2.3 Block Diagram 15
2.4 Working 16
Chapter 03: System Development
3.1 Software Details 17
3.2 Hardware Details 18
Chapter 04: System performance
4.1 Result 20
4.2 Advantages 21
4.3 Applications 22
4.4 Conclusion 23
4.5 References 24

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 ABSTRACT

The Project ‘Automatic Room Light Controller Using microcontroller AT89c51’ controls a room
light as well as count the number of individuals entering and leaving a room. When an individual
enters into a room then one counter is incremented by one and one light in a room will be
switched ON and when the individuals leave a room then the counter is decremented by one.
When the number of individuals in a room is greater than 5 then 2 lights will be switched ON.
When the individuals in a room are more than 10 then 3 lights will be switched ON. Similarly on
increase of every 5 individuals one more light will switched ON. Lights will turn OFF when all
the individuals go out of a room. The total number of individuals present inside a room is also
displayed on the LCD display. IR sensors and microcontroller does above job. IR sensors sense
the obstruction and microcontroller receives the signals produced by the obstruction from the
sensors. The received signal is operated via program stored in ROM of Microcontroller.

Keywords: -

Microcontroller, sensor, Relay, Lamp

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 NOMENCLATURE

T it comes to naming an automatic room light controller project, you could consider using
descriptive and catchy names that reflect the functionality and purpose of the system. Here are a
few suggestions:

1. "AutoGlow" - The name emphasizes the automation aspect of the controller, while also
implying the illumination provided by the system.

2. "Lumosense" - This name combines "lumos," a Latin word meaning light, with "sense,"
conveying the system's ability to detect and respond to the lighting needs of a room.

3. "SmartLight" - A straightforward name that conveys the intelligence and automation of

the room light controller.

4. "IllumiSense" - This name combines "illumination" with "sense," indicating the system's
capability to sense ambient light levels and adjust accordingly.

5. "Light Wise" - A name that suggests the system's intelligence in making informed
decisions about room lighting, based on environmental factors.

6. "Eco Glow" - This name highlights the system's energy-saving features and its
contribution to a more environmentally friendly lighting setup.

7. "Light Sync" - Suggesting synchronization and coordination, this name conveys the
ability of the controller to harmonize the room's lighting based on various factors.

8. "AutoLume" - A name that combines "auto" for automation and "lume" for light,
signifying the system's automatic light control capabilities’

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 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

The need for a device that can automatically control the lightening system of a room and
capability of taking count of number of people in a room on its own has been long overdue. Fire
outbreaks that occur in various homes originate when the occupant is either sleeping or not even at
home at all. In big environments such as petrochemical industries, whenever there is fire outbreak,
it turns out to be so fierce that people run away for the sake of their lives.
In this digital word we need every possible thing around us to be automatic which reduces
human efforts. There are increasing electronic circuits that make today’s life easier and simple.
Nowadays Energy Crisis is the big problem faced by everyone. So there is a need to conserve
energy. This project is very useful for such problems as one generally forgets to turn off lights and
fans while leaving a room. The aim of this is to make an automatic controller-based prototype to
count the number of individuals entering in the particular room and accordingly light up a room.
This project has two parts. One is “Individual count” and other is “Automatic room light
Controller” We use IR sensors to detect number of individuals entering in a room. This circuit
counts the number of individuals and displays the count on the seven segment LCD display to
avoid congestion. This project is very helpful in schools and colleges for their auditorium.
“AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER USING MICROCONTROLLER” as the name
specifies that it controls the task of counting the number of individuals and lights of a room with
accuracy. When an individual enters into a room then one counter is incremented by one and one
light in a room will be switched ON and when the individuals leave a room then the counter is
decremented by one. When there is no individual in a room then lights will be switched off
automatically.

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1.1 Problem Statement

Wastage of electricity is one of the main problems which we are facing now a days. In our
home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan and lighting point are kept on even if
there are nobody in the room or area and passage. This happens due to negligence or
because we forgot to turn lights off or we are in a hurry.

To avoid all such situations this project called “Automatic room light controller with
Microcontroller” is designed. This project has module is known as “Automatic room light
controller”. Main concept behind this project is known as “Microcontroller” which measures
the number of persons entering in any room like seminar hall, conference room, hotel
rooms. This function is implemented using a pair of Infrared sensors

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1.2 Scope of Study: -

The following are the scope for the project made:

● The display unit interface must always be monitored

● The sensors must be active to count whenever an obstruction of the Infrared light is

blocked

● The user is familiar with numerical counting.

● The receiver and the transmitting sections, i.e., the entrance and exit must be in

synchronization for perfect counting.

● The controlled appliances will have to have an electrical interface in order to be

controlled by microcontroller

● The audience reading this document will have a familiarity with engineering terms

● All measurements for frequency, voltage and temperature will be in the standard scale

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 1.3 Objectives: -

In our home, school, colleges or industry we see that fan and lighting point are kept on even if

there are nobody in the room or area and passage. This happens due to negligence or because we

forgot to turn lights off or we are in a hurry. To avoid all such situations this project called

“Automatic room light controller” is designed. This project has two modules, Has module is

known as “Automatic room light controller”. Main concept behind this project is known as

“Motion detector” to detect the person motion entering in any room like seminar hall, conference

room, hotel rooms. This function is implemented using a pair of Infrared sensors. The

microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is

operated under the control of software which is stored in the ROM.

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 Chapter 02:

Proposed System

The automatic roomlight controller system is designed to address the challenges of energy
wastage and manual control of lighting in rooms. By integrating occupancy sensors and ambient
light sensors, the system aims to create an intelligent lighting control solution. The system will
automatically adjust the lighting levels based on the presence of occupants and the amount of
natural light available, thereby optimizing energy consumption.

System Components:
a) Occupancy Sensors: These sensors detect the presence of individuals within the room. They
can be passive infrared (PIR) sensors or ultrasonic sensors, capable of accurately detecting
human movement.

b) Ambient Light Sensors: These sensors measure the level of natural light available in the room.
They can be light-dependent resistors (LDRs) or digital light sensors that provide accurate light
intensity readings.

c) Microcontroller Unit (MCU): The MCU acts as the brain of the system, receiving inputs from
the occupancy and ambient light sensors and controlling the room lights accordingly. It
processes the sensor data and sends commands to the lighting control circuitry.

d) Lighting Control Circuitry: This circuitry is responsible for controlling the room lights based
on the commands received from the MCU. It may include relays, triacs, or solid-state switches to
turn the lights on or off and adjust their intensity.

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 2.1Methodology: -

the methodology of this project design, it comprises of the information gathering, the source of

the materials used in designing and writing the project report. The components and devices used in

the course of designing this project will be analyzed to know their basic means of operation and

how they will help in putting up this design, system design approach; the possible way to tackled

the project design from scratch, bottom-up

it will treat how the practical detail was gotten before considering about the general principle of

the system design, choice of design system; it focuses on why the project design was done using a

microcontroller rather than using only digital logic.

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2.2 Components: -

1.Microcontroller

2.Motion Sensor

3.Ambient Light Sensor

4.Relay Module

5.Power Supply

6.LED Lights

7.Connecting Wires

8.Resistors

9.Capacitors

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2.3 Block Diagram: -

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2.4 Working: -

When a person enters into the room, an IR beam is obstructed between the IR transmitter and the
receiver. This IR obstruction from the sensor-1 gives the corresponding signal to the
microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed in such a way that by the reception of the
signal from the sensor-1 it turns on the fans and lights inside the room. Thus, the microcontroller
gives command signals to a relay driver which turns the relays such that all these appliances turn
on.
When the person leaves from this room, another set of IR sensors enable and give control signals
to the microcontroller. Furthermore, similar to the above process, this system turns off the
appliances like fans and lights. Apart from this, the system also takes account of the number of
persons inside the room so that this control operation is varied depending on the persons’
availability in the room.
For every person entering and leaving the room, the microcontroller reads the digital input from
two receivers, and calculates the number of persons inside the room, and then displays it on the
LCD. When the persons’ count is greater than one, the microcontroller turns on the room light
and when the persons’ count is zero, it turns off all the lights and fans.

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 Chapter 03:

System Development

3.1 Software Details:

Microcontroller Programming Language:

The microcontroller used in the automatic roomlight controller system can be
programmed using a suitable programming language. Common choices include:
a) C/C++: C and C++ are widely used programming languages for microcontrollers
due to their efficiency and low-level control capabilities.

b) Assembly Language: Assembly language provides direct control over the

microcontroller's hardware and can be used for optimizing performance.

c) Proteus (Processor for text East to use): It is a Software used for simulation and
designing PCB layout. It was created by Simone Zanelli in 1998. It is fully
functional and procedural. It consists of many functions and languages.
d) Flash Magic

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3.2 Hardware Details: -

1.AT89C51 Microcontroller: -

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash
programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard MCS-51
instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system
or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on
a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible
and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

2. Motion sensor: -

Motion sensors are popular when it comes to security and energy efficiency. They can be
used for burglary alarms or security cameras, activating these devices when it senses
motion in the vicinity. It can be an energy saver by shutting off lights in a building when
it senses no motion anymore, which is used regularly in office buildings or restrooms

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3.Relay: -

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A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a single or
multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have any
number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations

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 Chapter 04:
System performance

1)Result: -

The results of the automatic room light controller project demonstrated its effectiveness
in achieving energy efficiency, convenience, and automation. The system successfully detected
occupancy, adjusted lighting levels based on ambient light, offered customization options,
seamlessly integrated into existing infrastructure, and delivered substantial energy savings.
These outcomes highlight the practicality and benefits of utilizing microcontroller technology for
automated lighting control in real-world applications.

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 2)Advantages: -

1. Main advantage of this project is that it helps in energy conservation. Because when there is

nobody inside the room then lights are turned off.

2. Human efforts to count the number of persons is eliminated. Since this project does the

automatic person counting with the help of two sensors installed on door frame.

3. In terms of Security it helps to check unauthorized entrances and exits. The display helps to

alert and show the number of persons present.

4.Energy Efficiency: The automatic roomlight controller system optimizes energy consumption
by adjusting the lighting based on occupancy and ambient light conditions. It ensures that lights
are only active when necessary, leading to significant energy savings and reduced electricity
bills.

5.Convenience: With the automatic control system, occupants do not need to manually operate
the lights. The system intelligently detects their presence and adjusts the lighting accordingly,
providing a seamless and convenient experience.

6.Cost Savings: By reducing energy consumption, the automatic roomlight controller system
helps lower electricity costs. Over time, the energy savings can result in significant cost
reductions, making it financially advantageous for both residential and commercial applications.

7.Customizability: The use of a microcontroller enables customization of the lighting control

algorithms and behavior. The system can be tailored to specific requirements, such as adjusting
light intensity, implementing scheduling features, or integrating with other smart home
automation systems.

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 3)Applications: -

1.Home Automation: The automatic room light controller can be integrated into a smart home
system to automate lighting control based on room occupancy. When someone enters a room,
the lights automatically turn on, and when the room is unoccupied, the lights turn off after a
certain period.

2.Office Buildings: Implementing this controller in office spaces can help conserve energy by
ensuring that lights are only activated when needed. It can be programmed to detect motion and
switch on the lights in occupied areas while turning them off in unoccupied spaces.

3.Hotels and Hospitality: Automatic room light controllers can be used in hotel rooms to provide
a convenient and energy-efficient experience for guests. When guests enter the room, the lights
turn on automatically, and they turn off when the room is vacant.

4.Retail Stores: This technology can be beneficial in retail environments where lighting plays a
crucial role in showcasing products. The controller can adjust the lighting levels based on the
time of day and the available natural light, creating an optimal shopping experience.

5.Educational Institutions: Classrooms, libraries, and other areas in educational institutions can
benefit from automatic room light control. The lights can be set to turn on when the room is
occupied and turn off when it's empty, helping to reduce energy consumption.

6.Conference Rooms: Automatic light control in conference rooms ensures that lights are
switched on when participants enter and turned off after everyone leaves. This eliminates the
need for manual operation and promotes energy efficiency.

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 4)Conclusion: -

This project demonstrates the potential of microcontrollers in enhancing energy conservation and
providing a seamless user experience. The automatic room light control system optimizes
lighting usage by activating lights only when necessary and turning them off when rooms are
unoccupied. This not only reduces energy consumption but also offers convenience by
eliminating the need for manual light control.

Furthermore, the system's flexibility allows for customization based on specific requirements. It
can incorporate motion sensors, ambient light sensors, and programmable timers to adapt to
different scenarios and user preferences. With its ability to integrate into smart home or building
automation systems, the automatic room light control system showcases the potential of
microcontrollers in creating sustainable and efficient environments.

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 5)References: -

1.Automatic Room Light Controller with bidirectional visitor counter | VOL-I Issue-4| ISSN: 2395-4841
http://www.ijictrd.net/papers/IJICTRDV1I4005.in

2. ATmega16A Datasheet - Atmel

http://www.atmel.com/images/atmel-8154-8-bit-avratmega16adatasheet.in

3.Automatic Room light controller Datasheet|ISSN:6446-7865

http://www.datasheetarchive.com/dlmain/Datasheets-312/174867.in

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