TuberOse

Experiment Study of Hibiscus and

2
the difference
plant to understand
Aim : To observe a representative monocotyledonous and a dicotyledonous
in their structure.
blade and a magnifying lens or dissecting
Requirementss :A plant of Hibiscus and Tuberose, a needle. pointer.
microscope.
Similarly select a Tuberose plant. Do not uproot te
TrOcedure :Select a healthy Hibiscus plant with alower. to be plantea. Collect
unnecessarily. However, observe the roots of the smaller saplings which are yet
Plants suueture
laboratorv, Dissect open the flowers to observe the
he iowers and leaves and bring them to the of a sharp blade.
longitudinal section of the flower with the help
terent whorls. For this purpose, take ovary which 1s Known as
the arrangement of ovules inside the
1ake a ransverse section of the ovary to see
placentation.
Observations : Note the following characteristics and strike out the incorrect optiOn.
(1) Tuberose has fibrous/tap root while Hibiscus has fibrous/tap root.
while Hibiscus has delicate and green/tough
(2) Tuberose has delicate and green/tough and brown stem
and brown stem.
reticulate/parallel.
(3) The venation in Tuberose is reticulate/parallel while in Hibiscus it is
petals.
(4) In Tuberose, Perianth has fused/ free tepals while in Hibiscus corolla has fused/free
Hibiscus six/numerous stamens are
(5) In Tuberose, six/numerous stamens are present whereas in
present.
there are three /five
(6) Gynoecium of Tuberose has ovary having three / five compartments while in Hibiscus
compartments.
Diagrams :Label the different parts in the given diagrams.

Coro la

Petals
Calya
Epicaly
Ovay
L. S. ofa flower

A twig

Anthrs

style
Filament

Androecium A stamen
Gynoecium
Hibiscus

50 Navneet Science And Technology Practical Book : Std. IX

piagrams: Label the different parts in the given diagrams.

Anther

c. Epipyi ouu
Stamens attached with perianth

Plant of tuberose A. Apical region of a
flowering shoot
Tuberose
Ovawy
B. V. S. of a flower
D. Single stanen

Conclusion :
() Differentiate between Hibiscus and Tuberose:
Tuberose
Part of the plant Hibiscus

Roots Theroo Fcho tep sorot syetem The noote ue ibro w

Tubehoje ha ereet tendr

Stem
Haa qheen stem &tem:

Leanes aue lauk wwt Reave. ae etkarg h

Aeticulate venahon wit. pakald venahon
Leaves

Hibisu plowor Tubearo pe

and lago thar ae whit
Flower spohfs lonl
corolla(s co

Std Ix
Science And Technology Practical Book : 51
Nayneet
 (2) Write classification of Hibiscus and Tuberose based on their characteristics :
Tuberose
Hierarchy Hibiscus

Kingdom Plantae Plautae

Sub-Kingdom
Division Angio spem spemetophyla
Sub-division Dis to byee oluane Angtespt pae
Class
malarase manocoty...declon
Order metak ae loliate
Family Hibiscu Amaty li acceee
Paianthes
Genus
Hibo..sans
Species
<permstop hyte Spematphyts geed
Multiple Choice guestions

Choose the correct alternative and write its letter (A), (B), (C), (D) in the box : Ans.
1. To which class do most of the cereals belong?
(A) Gymnosperms (B) Dicotyledonae
(C)Monocotyledonae (D)Pteridophyta C
2. Parallel venation is the characteristic seen in which of the following plant?
(A) Banana (B) Mango (C) Hibiscus (D) Chilly A
3. Which is the main distinguishing character between wheat and beans?
(A) Wheat can grow in cold weather. beans are grown in hot and humid wveather.
(B) Wheat has single cotyledon in its seed, beans have two cotyledons in its
seeds.
(C) Wheat is grown in agriculture, beans grow without any cultivation.
(D) Wheat has reticulate venation, beans have parallel'venation.

4. Which of the following shows correct difference between tuberose and hibiscus?
(A) Characters of flowers (B) Venation of leaves
(C)Pattern of root system (D) All of these

Date :
Teacher's Signature :
Remenber : Structure of root. stem, leaves and flowers is diferent in
dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous
plants.

52 Navneet Science And Technology Practical Book : Std. IX

 Experiment Preparation of curds and
5 study of lactobacilli present in curd
observauons
Aim : (l) T0 make curds. (2) To prepare stained temporary slide of lactobacilli and to record the
and draw labelled diagram.
Requirements : Avessel with lid. glass slide, cover slip, blotting paper, compound microscope
Chemicals : Milk, small amount of curds, methylene blue.
Procedure :
1. Preparation of curds :
(1) Take about 100 ml of milk in a clean and dry vessel.
(2) Heat it till it becomes lukewarm.
(3) Add a very small quantity of curds to the milk. Stir it gently.
(4) Leave the vessel undisturbed for about 7 to 8 hours.
(5) The curd will be set in this vessel.
2. Preparation of slide of lactobacilli :
(1) Smear in a drop of fresh curds on a glass slide.
(2) Stain it with methylene blue and put a cover slip over it.
with a blotting paper.
(3) Remove the extra curds from the sides of the cover slip and then focus
objective or low power of a compound mnicroscope
(4)Observe the smear under the 10X
with more magnifying high power 45X objective.
Lactobacillus.
Diagram : Draw and label the diagram of

2bosove
DNA cytoplam

cel
nal

membrae
Cell

<ytoplaw

Naypeet Science And Technology Practical Book : Std. IX 57

 Observations : Fill in the blanks by using appropriate words :
cute
(coagulation, lactobacilli, methelene blue, minute and rectangular. lukewarm,
the milk.
(1) The milk turns into curds due to lacto bac li which is added to

(2) The formation of curds takes place by a process called 6etmentotrom

cuiture contains
added to the milk is called culture. This
o 1e Small amount of curds which are
is made
lato baulli warmth and hence the milk
The process requires
lukewam before the setting of curd.
bluish in colour
(4) On the slide, the metoyle stain used, make the Lactobacilli
(5)The shape of these bacteria is heetangular
Conclusion :Underline the correct alternative :
(1) Lactobacilli are useful/harmful bacteria.
(2)For observation of Lactobacilli 10X/45X objective lens has to be used for compound microscope.
(3)Taking curds or buttermilk in daily diet helps to build up health/ cause iliness.
(4) Curds are acidic/alkaline in natre.

Multiple Choice guestions

"Choose the correct alternative and write its letter (A), (B), (C), (D) in the box : Ans.
1. Which microbes are observed in fresh buttermilk?
(A) Clostridium (B) Lactobacillt
(C) Rizobium (D) Yeast B
2. By which process Lactobacilli convert lactose sugar in the milk, into lactic acid?
(A) Respiration (B) Neutraliza tion
(C) Nitrogen fxation (D) Fermentation D
3. What is the bacteria producing energy without the use of oxygen called?
(A)Aeroblc (B) Anaerobic
(C) Symbiotic (D) Bactericide

Date :

***
Teacher's Signature :
Remenber :Microbes like lactobacilli are used in
preparation of curd, yoghurt, cheese. Other microbes
1ike veast are used for
fermentation and in preparation of wine, beer,
bread. ete

58 Navneet Science And Technology Practical Book : Std. IX

 Experiment
6 Study of microbes-Rhizobia
Aim : To prepare stained temporary slide of Rhizobiumn and to record the observations and draw labelled
diagramn.

Requirements : Plantlet of fenugreek, groundnut or any other bean plant, blade. glass slide, cover slip. bloting
paper. compound microscope.
Chemicals : 3 to 5% Hydrogen peroxide, 70% ethyl alcohol, safranin.
Procedure :
(1) Take one plantlet of fenugreek,groundnut or any other bean plant and sterilize it with a 3 to 5% solitton
of hydrogen peroxide. Clean the roots with sterile water.
(2) Keep it in a 70% solution of ethyl alcohol for 4 to 5 minutes.
(3) Take thin sections of the root nodules.
(4)Select good section and place it in a solution of safranin for 2 to 3minutes for staining.
(5) Place the stained section on a glass slide and cover it with a cover slip.
(6)Observe the section under compound microscope.
Diagramn : Draw and label the diagram of Rhizobium. (as observed under microscope)

Infected
bacteia
by
Cell
Cell division Infected divion
00t har
Infection by
bacteria Bacteria Tout nodule
Infectcd Cell division
root hair
Growth of
root nodules

Conducting
tissue of
Conduct
tisue
Bacteroid
nodule
nudule
Bacteo,d
association
Rhizobium and its
root nodule
with leguminous plant's
word :
Observations : Strike out the wrong
of leguminous plants there are mutualistic /parasitic
(1) Inside the root
nodules/stem
nogáies
virus /bacteria.
in fixation/excretion of carbon diokide/nitrogen
(2) These help Salmpnella /Rhizobium.
name of this bacterium is safranin/iodine stain.
(3) The pinkish/yellgwish bacteria in the slide made by using
(4) One can see
plant.
mutualistic interaction between Rhizobium and its host
Conclusion : There is

IX 59
Navneet Science And Technology Practical Book : Std.
 Multiple Choice Questions

the box :
write its letter (A), (B), (C), (D) in
se tne correct alternative and Ans.
1. Which are the microbes observed in root nodules in bean plantr
(A) Rhizobium (B) Clostridium
(C) Lactobacill (D) Pentcillium A
2. Rhizobium converts the atmospheric nitrogen into which compoundsr
(A) Sulphur (B) Nitrates
(C) Hydrogen (D) Oxygen

Date : Teacher's Signature :

***

Kemember : Beans and pulses ørown on the plants with use of Rhizobial cultures are rich in proteins due
to the nitrogenous compounds made available by Rhizobia.

Navneet Science And

60 Technology Practical Book : Std. IX
 Experiment
9 Study of stomata

Aim: To study structure of stomata.

Requirements : Compound microscope, petri dish, slide, cover slip. brush and a suitable dicot (sunflower/
betel) and monocot (maize) leaves
Procedure :
()Place the leaf on a slide.
12) Peel off the lower and upper epidermis of the leaf.
(a) Mount both of them on separate slides.
(4) Observe the slide prepared from the peeling from the unper and lower side of the leaf. Study the
structure of stoma as seen in surface view.
(5) Compare the distribution of stomata in upper and lower surfaces of the leal.
Diagrams : Label the different parts in the given diagrams.

stoma chloreplaut
Out
1thinwal!
nuleus
Innw
plam wall
Epiaernmal cell
Stomtal eel epicurmal cel
Peeling from lower epidermis of a dicot
(sunflower) leaf showing stomata A single stoma of a dicot leaf (Magnified)

eel
gubsiciany
pldarrnel dam bel
cel
chaped
sub siaiaxy guane cel
oll

Spislem
cell

beumbed ehop gua.cel

(maize) leaf
Peeling from a monocot
showing stomata A single stoma of a monocot leaf (Magnified)

Navneet Science And Technology Practical Book : Std. IX 65

 Observations: Strike out the incorrect word :
1) On the epidermal peels stomata/hgies are seen. than that of On
comparatively more/lfss the lower
present on the upper surface ofthe leaf are
surface of the same leaf.
cells/subsjdiary cells are present.
o ust next to stomatal pore on the lateral side guard
(4) The guard cells in monocotyledonous plants are kighey/dumb-bell shaped.
Conclusion :
The difference between stomata present in dicotyledon ous leaf and monocotyledonous leaf is as follows

Dicot leavesbave..mose stomata..ppe. eprclrmi

while Monecot eovehane egual. numbe
etonnato an..the botte ppu. an loer
epiclem

Multiple Choice guestions

" Cho0se the correct alternative and write its letter (A), (B), (C), (D) in the
box : Ans.
1. Which is the main function of stomata?
(A) Elimination of unwanted substances
(B) Transpiration
(C) Photosynthesis
(D) Translocation

2. What is transpiration?
(A) Moving the sap in upward direction in the plants.
(B) Synthesizing carbohydrates with the help of CO.
(C)Losing the excess of water in the form of water
vapour.
(D) Release of oxygen from the leaves into the
atmosphere.
3. What is the main function of the guard cells?
(A) Helping in closure and opening of aperture of
stomata.
(B) Guarding the stomata from polluting air.
(C) Helping the process of respiration.
(D)Functiorning in photosynthesis.
A
Date :

Teacher's Signature :
Remember : Stomata are present in the
epidermal cells of the leaf and are exchange.
involved in gaseous

Navneet Science And

66
Technology Practical Book : Std. IX
 Experiment
12 Study of animal tissues

Aim : To observe and study the muscular tissue and a neuron with the help of permanent slides.
Requirementt: Permanent slides of tissues and
compound microscope.
Procedure : Observe the permanent slides of voluntary or striated muscular tissues and a neuron under the
compound microScope. There are three types of muscular tissues - Striated nuscles. Non-striated muscles
and Cardiac muscles. We shall observe only striated muscles.

(1) Striated muscles

niagram : Label the different parts in the given diagram.

Scelrenehyma
ligt Ranel
Dark band
Nuclew
Striated muscle fibre

Observations : Fill in the blanks :

muscles.
and are the main structures seen in striated

(2) Because our will has control over striated

muscles therefore they are also known as voluntay
muscles.
ncek , mb
following body parts :.tace
(3) Striated muscles are present at
part o e1ophagw
muscles becausebeeauehey e
(4)Striated muscles are also known as skeletal
unr.owr. wll..ane they. helps in
(2) A nerve cell

the given diagram.

Diagramn: Label the different parts in
Denclnites

Nueleeu
cell body.
Anor....
Norve encing
Nerve cell

Std. IX 71
Navneet Science And Technology Practical Book :
 Ans.
B C B A are
and
neuro..te..ather
impu
1.. body
:box
like Teacher's
Signature
:
human
control?
the wall.
tmpulee
Concut sto..caRy.
hunetion. in
in
cell cells
moremenhe
tuete (D) voluntary
IX
ann, conducts
1uncuos
following (C), muscles.
without
longest Std.
oe peaking
anothr
Choice(B),
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:
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type neuron?
Non-voluntary
impulses. theyare
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Practical
letter not Smooth
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ksorm
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Striated
writemuscles.

but
(D)
bands

which
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conduct
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Nerve
System.
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carry.th
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neuron walking.
(D)
light
shown part
Cardiac (D) threecell? and nervousAnd
and contract. cellbrain,
spinal
? to Smooth which
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Science
part and abovespecial chemicals.
and reference (C) relaxation
are
each
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.-hanspoh
tissue
(2)
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in
Non-voluntarysituatedthe a to get parts. only
of
unit Navneet
nerne (C)
ability to
have (B)
Axon
All as
of
a function
)Denclrte
muscular
with Skeletal andSkeletal
(D)
secrete
considered ablity
three
in functional
of found
consist
tissues
Choose
correct
the: muscles contraction
is
of
: One term neuron an
parts unnin
tissue (B)
(B)
hascanits has is
the The misfit (B) tissue
and
Voluntary
of neuron it of it
Observations
: main Muscular ofa (A)
Cell
body
Nucleus (C) lt
Dendrites
is : typeStriated Cardiac Because
Because Because
Because structured
The
What ) COnclusion the
Rhythmic :Remember
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Animal
Which is
Find Why
(1) (2) (1) (A) (A) (A) (A) (B)(C) (D) :Date
" 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (1) (2)
72