Right To The City - Agenda 2018 - ONU Habitat

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Right to the For the Implementation of the

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development


City Agenda and the New Urban Agenda
the realization of human rights as laid down in
Why we should Implement the the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
2030 Agenda and the New Urban other international human rights instruments.
Agenda with a Human Rights 2 Human rights standards contained in,
Approach? and principles derived from, the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and other
international human rights instruments guide all
The 2030 Agenda’s Sustainable Development development cooperation and programming
Goals and targets “seek to realize the human in all sectors and in all phases of the
rights of all and to achieve gender equality and programming process.
the empowerment of all women and girls”. By Capturing existing norms and standards
balancing the three dimensions of sustainable should form the first step in developing
development (economic, social and performance indicators on for States
environmental), the 2030 Agenda reaffirms implementing the SDGs and the New Urban
the multidimensionality, interrelation and Agenda commtiments.
integration of human rights.
By adopting the Agenda, the States have
committed themselves to a comprehensive,
far-reaching and people-centered set of
Why the Right to the City brings
universal and transformative Goals and targets.
a new and necessary perspective
In this sense, its Vision highlights “a world of
for the Implementation of the
universal respect for human rights and human
2030 Agenda and the New Urban
dignity, the rule of law, justice, equality and non-
Agenda?
discrimination; of respect for race, ethnicity
and cultural diversity; and of equal opportunity
permitting the full realization of human Over the last decades, the Right to the City
potential and contributing to shared prosperity” has been an alternative and a claim with
(paragraph 8). which to respond to some of the most pressing
In turn, the New Urban Agenda also challenges of our time: social injustice,
highlights the relevance of human rights when inequality, exclusion, dispossession, spatial
it envisions “cities and human settlements where segregation, discrimination of all kinds,
all persons are able to enjoy equal rights and destruction and privatization of the commons
opportunities, as well as their fundamental and environmental degradation. By offering
freedoms, guided by the purposes and principles concrete solutions, with strong potential for the
of the Charter of the United Nations, including transformation of our societies, it has also been
full respect for international law” (paragraph a way to reaffirm, update and defend human
12). In this regard, the New Urban Agenda rights and the corresponding state obligations.
is grounded in the Universal Declaration of The affirmations to “leave no-one behind” (in
Human Rights and all international human the 2030 Agenda) and “leave no place behind”
rights treaties. (in the 9th World Urban Forum Declaration)
Therefore, the implementation of the SDGs commit to the aspiration of cities that are a
and the New Urban Agenda, with their related place for all, sharing universal rights, values,
performance indicators, should be imbedded and common objectives; but also cities that
and reflect the integrity of the UN Charter are a place for everyone, where different
and the UN System, which is built on three needs can be heard and specific answers can
purposeful pillars: (i) peace and security, (ii) be provided. The challenge is to make cities
progressive development and (iii) human rights. a common good and implement new ways to
As is well known, the UN Human Rights Based guarantee human rights and participatory
Approach stipulates that: democracy while respecting their diversity,
1 All programs of development cooperation, as a contribution to economic redistribution,
policies and technical assistance should further cultural recognition and political agency for all.
The Right to the City reminds us that strong
local dynamics are required to bring the goals
The Right to the City concept How the Right to the City A Global Platform for Local
of international agendas to the local level.
connects Human Rights and International Mobilization
More than localizing SDGs and the New Urban
and enables the best
Agenda, the question is how the local actors The Right to the City is the right of all
implementation of the 2030
can take ownership of the cause, generating inhabitants, present and future, permanent
Agenda and the New Urban The Global Platform for the Right to the City
new alliances through a horizontal approach and temporary, to inhabit, use, occupy,
Agenda? (GPR2C) is an international network committed
and creating multisphere synergies from the produce, transform, govern and enjoy just, to political action and social change through
local to the global. inclusive, safe sustainable and democratic the promotion, defense and fulfillment of the
It is important to consider the need to cities, villages and human settlements, defined As a collective human right, the Right to Right to the City, giving a voice to those people
strengthen local authorities through political as essential common goods for a decent the City contributes to the integration and and communities affected by exclusion and
and financial decentralization. The city as a life, that should be shared by and benefit all materialization of all civil, political, economic, marginalization.
unit of local government must have autonomy members of the community. social, cultural, and environmental rights, as The GPR2C is committed to ensuring the
and the institutional capacity to decide and The term “city” is to be understood in a broad enshrined in existing international human implementation of the Right to the City by
choose its own authorities, access to public sense, meaning every metropolis, city, town, rights treaties, covenants, and conventions. At introducing it in local, national, regional and
resources and the capacity to self-manage village or human settlement that constitutes a the same time, this integral right is connected international actions, initiatives, commitments,
programs and public projects. political community, and is generally (though and contributes to the implementation of other policies, projects and legislation; monitoring
The Right to the City also reminds us of the not necessarily) institutionally organized as collective rights. its enforcement and denouncing its violations
importance of realizing the 2030 Agenda and a local governmental unit with municipal The effective materialization of the Right and setbacks, including the social and
the New Urban Agenda in the framework of or metropolitan character. It includes to the City requires the respect, protection environmental responsibility of private and
human rights to go beyond the economic logic urban spaces, as well as rural or semi-rural and fulfillment of all human rights without public sectors.
which is currently leading the urbanization surroundings which make up its territory. exception, together with the specific principles Considering that the implementation of the
process. The right to the city gives a common The right to the city means to guarantee and entitlements that only the Right to the City 2030 Agenda and the New Urban Agenda are
understanding and shared path for cities and human settlements (i) of gender envisions: the social functions of land, property relevant to build democratic, just, inclusive,
implementing these agendas. equality; (ii) that are free of discrimination; and the city; the fight against socio-spatial sustainable cities and human settlements, the
(iii) that embrace minorities and ethnic, discrimination; quality public spaces; and GPR2C presents this Right to the City Agenda as a
new urban agenda [paragraph 11] racial, sexual and cultural diversity; (iv) sustainable and inclusive rural-urban linkages. tool for their implementation.
“We share a vision of cities for all, of inclusive citizenship; (v) with enhanced In this sense, the right to the city brings a
referring to the equal use and enjoyment political participation; (vi) that fulfill their perspective of crystalizing and realizing human
of cities and human settlements, seeking social functions, including by recognizing and rights in the territory.
to promote inclusivity and ensure that supporting the processes of social production The Right to the City necessarily implies
all inhabitants, of present and future and reconstruction of the habitat; and (vii) with the “rights of the cities”, as it highlights the
generations, without discrimination of diverse and inclusive economies. right to build a local political community that
any kind, are able to inhabit and produce ensures proper life conditions for all and good
just, safe, healthy, accessible, affordable, coexistence among all its inhabitants and its
resilient and sustainable cities and human public authorities. The implementation of the
settlements to foster prosperity and Right to the City requires a strengthening of
quality of life for all. We note the efforts of democracy (at national and local level) and
some national and local governments to greater political decentralization. For this, it is
enshrine this vision, referred to as “right necessary to ensure that its inhabitants have
to the city”, in their legislation, political the right to participate in territorial planning
declarations and charters”. and management.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

1
A city/human settlement free of 10.2. Empower and promote 14 (a). Leave no one behind, by ending poverty
discrimination based on gender, age, the social, economic and
political inclusion of all,
in all its forms and dimensions (…), by ensuring
equal rights and opportunities, socioeconomic
health status, income, nationality, irrespective of age, sex, and cultural diversity, and integration in
ethnicity, migratory condition, or disability, race, ethnicity,
origin, religion or economic or
the urban space, by enhancing liveability,
education, food security and nutrition, health
political, religious or sexual orientation. other status. and well-being (…), by promoting safety and
10.3. Ensure equal opportunity eliminating discrimination and all forms of
A city/human settlement that embraces and reduce inequalities violence, by ensuring public participation
minorities and ethnic, racial, sexual of outcome, including by providing safe and equal access for all, and by
eliminating discriminatory providing equal access for all to physical and
and cultural diversity, which respects, laws, policies and practices social infrastructure and basic services, as well
protects, and promotes all non- and promoting appropriate as adequate and affordable housing
legislation, policies and action 20. (…) give particular attention to addressing
discriminatory customs, memories, in this regard multiple forms of discrimination faced by, inter
identities, languages, and artistic and alia, women and girls, children and youth,
11.2. Provide access to safe, persons with disabilities, people living with
cultural expressions of its inhabitants. affordable, accessible and HIV/AIDS, older persons, indigenous peoples
sustainable transport systems and local communities, slum and informal-
for all, improving road settlement dwellers, homeless people, workers,
safety, notably by expanding smallholder farmers and fishers, refugees,
public transport, with special returnees, internally displaced persons and
attention to the needs of migrants, regardless of their migration status.
those in vulnerable situations, 38. We commit ourselves to the sustainable
women, children, persons with leveraging of natural and cultural heritage,
disabilities and older persons both tangible and intangible, in cities and
human settlements, as appropriate, through
16.1. Reduce all forms of integrated urban and territorial policies
violence and related death and adequate investments at the national,
rates everywhere. subnational and local levels,to safeguard and
16.B. Promote non- promote cultural infrastructures and sites,
discriminatory laws and museums, indigenous cultures and languages,
policies for sustainable as well as traditional knowledge and the
development. arts, highlighting the role that these play in
rehabilitating and revitalizing urban areas and
in strengthening social participation and the
exercise of citizenship.
40. We commit ourselves to embracing
diversity in cities and human settlements, to
strengthening social cohesion, intercultural
dialogue and understanding, tolerance,
mutual respect, gender equality, innovation,
entrepreneurship, inclusion, identity and
safety, and the dignity of all people,as well
as to fostering liveability and a vibrant urban
economy (…).
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

2
A city/human settlement of gender 1.4. Ensure that all men and 13 (c). Achieve gender equality and empower
equality, which adopts all necessary women, in particular the poor
and the vulnerable, have
all women and girls by (…) ensuring decent
work and equal pay for equal work, or work of
measures to combat discrimination in equal rights to economic equal value, for all women and by preventing
resources, access to basic and eliminating all forms of discrimination,
all its forms against women and girls; services, ownership and violence and harassment against women and
a city/human settlement which takes control over land and girls in private and public spaces;
other forms of property, 39. We commit ourselves to promoting a safe,
all appropriate measures to ensure inheritance, natural resources, healthy, inclusive and secure environment
the full development of women and appropriate new technology in cities and human settlements enabling all
and financial services, to live, work and participate in urban life
girls, guarantee them equality in the including microfinance. without fear of violence and intimidation,
exercise and fulfillment of human taking into consideration that women and girls,
5.2. Eliminate all forms of children and youth, and persons in vulnerable
rights, and a life free of violence. violence against all women situations are often particularly affected.
and girls in the public and We will also work towards the elimination of
private spheres. harmful practices against women and girls (…).
5.4. Recognize and value
unpaid care and domestic
work through the provision of
public services, infrastructure
and social protection policies
and the promotion of shared
responsibility within the
household and the family as
nationally appropriate
5.A. Undertake reforms to
give women equal rights to
economic resources, as well
as access to ownership and
control over land and other
forms of property, financial
services, inheritance and
natural resources(…).
5.C. Adopt and strengthen
sound policies and
enforceable legislation for the
promotion of gender equality.

6.2. Achieve access to


adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all,
paying special attention to the
needs of women and girls and
those in vulnerable situations.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

3
A city/human settlement of inclusive 8.8. Protect labour rights and 28. We commit ourselves to ensuring full
citizenship in which all inhabitants, promote safe and secure
working environments for all
respect for the human rights of refugees,
internally displaced persons and migrants,
(whether permanent or temporary) workers, including migrant regardless of their migration status, and
workers, in particular women support their host cities in the spirit of
are considered as citizens and migrants, and those in international cooperation, taking into account
granted equal (e.g. women, those precarious employment. national circumstances and recognizing that,
although the movement of large populations
living in poverty or situations of 10.2. Empower and promote into towns and cities poses a variety of
environmental risk, informal economy the social, economic and challenges, it can also bring significant
political inclusion of all, social, economic and cultural contributions
workers, ethnic and religious groups, irrespective of age, sex, to urban life. We further commit ourselves to
LGBT persons, people with disabilities, disability, race, ethnicity, strengthening synergies between international
origin, religion or economic or migration and development at the global,
children, youth, the elderly, migrants, other status. regional, national, subnational and local
refugees, street dwellers, victims of 16.3. Promote the rule of law at
levels by ensuring safe, orderly and regular
migration through planned and well-managed
violence and indigenous peoples). the national and international migration policies, and to supporting local
levels and ensure equal access authorities in establishing frameworks that
to justice for all. enable the positive contribution of migrants to
cities and strengthened urban-rural linkages.
36. We commit ourselves to promoting
appropriate measures in cities and human
settlements that facilitate access for persons
with disabilities, on an equal basis with others,
to the physical environment of cities, in
particular to public spaces, public transport,
housing, education and health facilities, public
information and communication and other
facilities and services (…).
42. We support subnational and local
governments, as appropriate, in fulfilling their
key role in strengthening the interface among
all relevant stakeholders, offering opportunities
for dialogue,including through age- and
gender-responsive approaches, and with
particular attention to potential contributions
from all segments of society, including men
and women, children and youth, older persons
and persons with disabilities, indigenous
peoples and local communities, refugees,
internally displaced persons and migrants,
regardless of their migration status, without
discrimination based on race, religion, ethnicity
or socioeconomic status.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

4
A city/human settlement with 5.5. Ensure women’s full 13. We envisage cities and human settlements
enhanced political participation in the and effective participation
and equal opportunities for
that: (b). Are participatory, promote civic
engagement, engender a sense of belonging
definition, implementation, monitoring, leadership at all levels of and ownership among all their inhabitants(…).
decision making in political, 41. We commit ourselves to promoting
and budgeting of urban policies and economic and public life. institutional, political, legal and financial
spatial planning in order to strengthen mechanisms in cities and human settlements
6.B. Support and strengthen to broaden inclusive platforms, in line with
the transparency, effectiveness and the participation of local national policies, that allow meaningful
inclusion of the diversity of inhabitants communities in improving participation in decision-making, planning
water and sanitation and follow-up processes for all, as well as
and their organizations. The Right to management. enhanced civil engagement and co-provision
the City implies responsibilities on all and co-production.
48. We encourage effective participation
spheres of government and citizens to 11.3. Enhance inclusive and and collaboration among all relevant
exercise, claim, defend and promote sustainable urbanization and stakeholders,including local governments,
capacity for participatory, the private sector and civil society, women,
equitable governance and the social integrated and sustainable organizations representing youth, as well as
function of all human settlements human settlement planning
and management (…)
those representing persons with disabilities,
indigenous peoples, professionals,academic
within a human rights habitat. institutions, trade unions, employers’
16.7. Ensure responsive, organizations, migrant associations and cultural
inclusive, participatory and associations, in order to identify opportunities
representative decision- for urban economic development and identify
making. and address existing and emerging challenges.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

5
A city/human settlement fulfilling 1.4. Ensure that all people, in 14 (c). Ensure environmental sustainability by
its social functions, that is, ensuring particular the poor and the
vulnerable, have equal rights
promoting clean energy and sustainable use
of land and resources in urban development,
equitable and affordable access for all to economic resources, as well protecting ecosystems and biodiversity,
as access to basic services, adopting healthy lifestyles in harmony with
to housing, goods, services and urban ownership and control over nature, by promoting sustainable consumption
opportunities, particularly for women, land and other forms of and production patterns, by building urban
property, inheritance, natural resilience, by reducing disaster risks and by
marginalized groups and people with resources, appropriate mitigating and adapting to climate change.
special needs; a city/human settlement new technology and 34. (...) promoting equitable and affordable
financial services, including access to sustainable basic physical and social
that prioritizes the collectively defined microfinance. infrastructure for all (...) including affordable
public and social interest, ensuring a serviced land, housing, renewable energy, safe
6.1. Achieve universal and drinking water and sanitation, nutritious and
just and environmentally balanced equitable access to safe and adequate food, waste disposal, sustainable
use of urban and rural spaces, and affordable drinking water mobility, health care and family planning,
for all. education, culture, and New Urban Agenda
that recognizes and support the social 6.2. Achieve access to information and communications technologies.
production of habitat. adequate and equitable
sanitation and hygiene for all,
(...) ensuring that these services are responsive
to the rights and needs of women, children
paying special attention to the and youth, older persons and persons with
needs of women and girls and disabilities, migrants, indigenous peoples
those in vulnerable situations. and local communities (...) we encourage
the elimination of legal, institutional,
11.1. Ensure access for all socioeconomic and physical barriers.
to adequate, safe and 69. We commit ourselves preserving and
affordable housing and basic promoting the ecological and social function
services and upgrade slums. of land (...) and to fostering ecosystem-based
11.3. Enhance inclusive and solutions to ensure sustainable consumption
sustainable urbanization and and production patterns (…) to promoting
capacity for participatory, sustainable land use, combining urban
integrated and sustainable extensions with adequate densities and
human settlement planning compactness to prevent and contain urban
and management in all sprawl, as well as preventing unnecessary
countries. land-use change and the loss of productive
land and fragile and important ecosystems.’
108. We will support the development of
housing policies that foster local integrated
housing approaches by addressing the
strong links between education, employment,
housing and health, preventing exclusion and
segregation. (...) combating homelessness
as well as to eliminating its criminalization
through policies and targeted active inclusion
strategies, such as comprehensive, inclusive
and sustainable housing first programmes.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

6
A city/human settlement with quality 5.2. Eliminate all forms of 13. We envisage cities and human settlements
public spaces and services that violence against all women
and girls in the public and
that: (b). (…) prioritize safe, inclusive,
accessible, green and quality public spaces
enhance social interactions and private spheres. that are friendly for families, enhance social
and intergenerational interactions, cultural
political participation, promote expressions and political participation, as
sociocultural expressions, embrace 11.7. Provide universal appropriate, and foster social cohesion,
access to safe, inclusive and inclusion and safety in peaceful and
diversity, and foster social cohesion; a accessible, green and public pluralistic societies
city/human settlement where public spaces, in particular for 37. We commit ourselves to promoting safe,
women and children, older inclusive, accessible, green and quality public
spaces and services contribute to persons and persons with spaces, including streets, sidewalks and cycling
building safer cities (especially for disabilities. lanes, squares, waterfront areas, gardens and
parks,that are multifunctional areas for social
women and girls) and to meeting the interaction and inclusion, human health and
needs of its inhabitants (especially well-being,economic exchange and cultural
expression and dialogue among a wide diversity
those related to livelihoods). of people and cultures, and that are designed
and managed to ensure human development
and build peaceful,inclusive and participatory
societies, as well as to promote living together,
connectivity and social inclusion.
53. We commit ourselves to promoting safe,
inclusive, accessible, green and quality public
spaces as drivers of social and economic
development, in order to sustainably leverage
their potential to generate increased social and
economic value, including property value, and
to facilitate business and public and private
investments and livelihood opportunities for all.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

7
A city/human settlement with diverse 2.3. Double the agricultural 14(b). Ensure sustainable and inclusive urban
and inclusive economies that productivity and incomes of
small-scale food producers, in
economies by leveraging the agglomeration
benefits of well-planned urbanization, (…) by
safeguards and ensures access to particular women, indigenous promoting full and productive employment
peoples, family farmers, and decent work for all, by ensuring the
secure livelihoods and decent work pastoralists and fishers, creation of decent jobs and equal access for
for all inhabitants, gives room to including through secure all to economic and productive resources
and equal access to land, and opportunities and by preventing land
other economies (e.g. social and other productive resources speculation, promoting secure land tenure and
solidarity economy, sharing economy), and inputs, knowledge, managing urban shrinking (…).
financial services, markets 57. We commit ourselves to promoting,
recognizes the domestic care and and opportunities for value as appropriate, full and productive
community work developed largely addition and non-farm employment, decent work for all and
employment livelihood opportunities in cities and human
by women and ensures the full settlements, with special attention to the
development of women and girls. 8.3. Promote development- needs and potential of women, youth, persons
oriented policies that with disabilities, indigenous peoples and
support productive activities, local communities, refugees, and internally
decent job creation, displaced persons and migrants, particularly
entrepreneurship, creativity the poorest and those in vulnerable situations,
and innovation, and and to promote non-discriminatory access to
encourage the formalization legal income-earning opportunities.
and growth of micro-, 59. We commit ourselves to recognizing the
small- and medium-sized contribution of the working poor in the informal
enterprises, including through economy, particularly women, including
access to financial services. unpaid, domestic and migrant workers, to
the urban economies, taking into account
10.2. Empower and promote national circumstances. Their livelihoods,
the social, economic and working conditions and income security, legal
political inclusion of all, and social protection, access to skills, assets
irrespective of age, sex, and other support services, and voice and
disability, race, ethnicity, representation should be enhanced (…).
origin, religion or economic or
other status.

14.B. Provide access for small-


scale artisanal fishers to
marine resources and markets.
Right to the City Components Sustainable Development Goals New Urban Agenda

8
A sustainable city/human settlement 1.5. Build the resilience of 13. We envisage cities and human settlements
with inclusive rural-urban linkages those in vulnerable situations
and reduce their exposure
that: (e) Fulfil their territorial functions
across administrative boundaries and act as
that benefit poor people, both in rural and vulnerability to climate- hubs and drivers for balanced, sustainable
related extreme events and and integrated urban and territorial
and urban areas, and ensures food other economic, social and development at all levels; (g) Adopt and
sovereignty; a city/human settlement environmental shocks and implement disaster risk reduction and
disasters. management, reduce vulnerability, build
that protects biodiversity, natural resilience and responsiveness to natural and
habitats, and surrounding ecosystems. 2.4. Ensure sustainable food human-made hazards and foster mitigation
production systems and of and adaptation to climate change; (h)
implement resilient agricultural Protect, conserve, restore and promote their
practices that increase ecosystems, water, natural habitats and
productivity and production, biodiversity, minimize their environmental
that help maintain ecosystems, impact and change to sustainable
that strengthen capacity for consumption and production patterns.
adaptation to climate change, 50. (...) to encouraging urban-rural
extreme weather, drought, interactions and connectivity by strengthening
flooding and other disasters sustainable transport, mobility, technology,
and that progressively improve communications networks and infrastructure,
land and soil quality. underpinned by planning instruments based on
an integrated urban and territorial approach,
8.4. Improve progressively in order to maximize the potential of these
global resource efficiency in sectors for enhanced productivity, social,
sustainable consumption and economic and territorial cohesion, as well as
production and endeavour to safety and environmental sustainability (...)
decouple economic growth from 95. We will support the implementation
environmental degradation (…) of integrated, polycentric and balanced
territorial development policies and plans,
11.A. Support positive economic, encouraging cooperation and mutual support
social and environmental links among different scales of cities and human
between urban, peri-urban and settlements, strengthening the role of small and
rural areas by strengthening intermediate cities and towns in enhancing
national and regional food security and nutrition systems, providing
development planning. access to sustainable, affordable, adequate,
resilient and safe housing, infrastructure and
12.2. Achieve the sustainable services, facilitating effective trade links across
management and efficient use the urban-rural continuum and ensuring that
of natural resources. small-scale farmers and fishers are linked
to local, subnational, national, regional
and global value chains and markets. (...)
support urban agriculture and farming, as
15.9. Integrate ecosystem and well as responsible, local and sustainable
biodiversity values into national consumption and production, and social
and local planning, development interactions, through enabling and accessible
processes, poverty reduction networks of local markets and commerce (...).
strategies and accounts.
facilitation group

Action Aid, Habitat for Humanity, Habitat


International Coalition (hic), Huairou Commission,
Intercontinental Network for Social Solidarity
Economy (RIPESS), International Alliance
of Inhabitants (IAI), Shack / Slum Dwellers
International (SDI), StreetNet, TECHO, Women in
Cities International (WICI), Women in Informal
Employment (WIEGO), UCLG Committee on Social
Inclusion, Participatory Democracy and Human
Rights and Pólis Institute.

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