CHEM113: BIOCHEMISTRY PRELIMS

02
Prof. Merly Alfafara / Second Semester
Transcriber: Kathleen Venus 23

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
SATURATED HYDROCARBON
OUTLINE - Hydrocarbon with all carbon–carbon bonds are
I. ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS single bonds
II. BONDING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARBON UNSATURATED HYDROCARBON
ATOM - Hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon
multiple bonds (double bonds, triple bonds, or both).
ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Study of hydrocarbons (only carbon and hydrogen
atoms) and their various derivatives.
o natural gas
o petroleum
o plastics
o rubbers
o paper
o carbohydrates
▪ sugar
▪
▪ starch
o proteins COMMON
COMMON
o enzymes CLASS
GENERAL
EXAMPLE
NAME
SUFFIX/PREFIX
FORMULA (SYSTEMATIC
o fatty acids NAME)
(SYSTEMATIC)

o food stuff HYDROCARBONS

o drugs
Alkanes RH CH3CH3 Ethane -ane
o textiles, etc.
Ethylene
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Alkenes RR’C==CR”R”’ H2C==CH2
(ethene)
-ene
- Study of all substances other than hydrocarbons Alkynes RC==CR’ HC==CH
Acetylene
(-yne)
and their derivatives (ethyne)

o Sulfuric acid Arenes ArHa Benzene -ene

o nitric acid
o ores and minerals HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
o air Alkyl
RX CH3CH2CI
Ethyl chloride
Halide (halo-)
o baking powder halides (chloroethane)

o caustic soda Aryl

ArXa Chlorobenzene Halo-
halides
o table salt
o metal alloys OXYGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
▪ brass Ethyl alcohol
ROHa
▪ bronze Alcohols CH3CH2OH
(Ethanol)
-ol

b
Phenols ArOH Phenol -ol
BONDING CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE CARBON ATOM Ethers ROR’ Diethyl ether Ether
H3CH2COCH2CH3

- C-atom always makes total of 4 Bonds Aldehydes RCHO

Acetaldehyde
-aldehyde (-al)
- The sharing of four valance electrons requires the (ethanal)

formation of four covalent bonds which are Acetone

represented by four lines. Ketones RR’C==O -one
(2-propanone)
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Carboxylic Acetic acid -ic acid
- are groups of atoms in organic molecules that are Acids
RCO2H
(ethanoic acid) (-oic acid)
responsible for the characteristics, chemical
reactions of those molecules. CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES

- Simple molecules that contain the same functional Methyl acetate

Esters RCO2R’ (methyl -ate (-oate)
group in their structure can be expected to react in ethanoate)
similar ways.
Amides RCONHR’ N-methylacetamide -amide
- More complicated chemical molecules may contain
more than one functional group within their NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
structure. RNH2, RNHR’,
Amines CH3CH2NH2 Ethylamine -amine
- The names of organic molecules are systematic RNR’R”
references to the functional groups within the Nitriles RC==N H3CC=N Acetonitrile -nitrile
molecule.
Nitro
HYDROCARBONS AND HYROCARBON DERIVATIVES compounds ArNO2a Nitrobenzene Nitro-
HYDROCARBON
- Compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen
atoms.
HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVE:
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- Compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and

one or more additional elements.