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• A"er

 certain  nega,ve,  near-­‐nega,ve  or  restric,ve  expressions  placed  at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence:  
 
Barely/Hardly/Scarcely  had  she  finished  the  report  when  her  boss  asked  her  to  dra0  a  business  proposal.    
No  sooner  had  they  reached  an  agreement  than  trouble  started.  
Seldom  have  I  seen  such  a  charming  gentleman.  
Li7le  does  he  know  about  his  son's  whereabouts.  
In  vain  did  I  warn  them.  
Under  no  circumstances  will  she  be  allowed  to  take  my  car.  
At  no  =me  was  the  President  aware  of  what  was  happening.  
Not  only  did  we  incur  losses,  but  also  our  reputa?on  was  ruined.  
Only  then  did  we  realize  what  they  meant.  
 
 
·∙                a"er  not  +  object  placed  at  the  beginning  of  a  sentence  
 
Not  a  single  word  did  she  uAer.  
 
 
·∙                a"er  so,  such,  to  such  a  degree  with  that                                            
 
So  quickly  did  he  finish  his  work  that  he  was  given  a  bonus.  
Such  a  long  holiday  did  he  take  that  he  forgot  how  to  do  his  job.  
 
 
·∙                in  condi,onals  when  if  is  omi@ed  and  should,  were,  had  (Past  Perfect)  are  placed  at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence                      
 
Should  you  be  late,  what  excuse  will  you  come  up  with?  
Had  she  been  invited,  she  would  have  come.  
Were  she  here  now,  we  could  speak  to  her  about  it.  
 
 
·∙                a"er  so,  neither/nor,  as  to  express  agreement                              
 
We  went  out  for  a  walk  and  so  did  my  neighbours.  'I  hate  horror  movies.'  'So  do  I.’  
'I  don't  enjoy  romance  movies'.  'Neither  does  my  sister.’  
His  teachers  loved  him,  as  did  his  classmates.  
 
 
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