.041 - KOC Manual For Fire Safety Management

KOC.GE.
041 Revision - 2
KOC Manual for Fire Safety Management Page 1 of 21
Kuwait Oil Company
Manual for Fire Safety Management
Document Number: KOC.GE.041

Team Leader Fire (Support Document Team Leader HSE
Document Author:
Services) Coordinator: Systems
Approved By: KOC HSSE Procedures Sub-Committee
Authorized By: KOC HSSE Implementation Committee

Issue Date: July 14, 2013 Control Tier: 2
Revision/Review
December 13, 2020 Next Review Date: December 12, 2025
Date:
Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

KOC General Use Information: Uncontrolled Copy if printed.
KOC.GE.041 Revision - 2
REVIEW AND REVISION STATUS

REVISION
Review/ Revision Details
No. DATE
- July 10, 2011 First draft prepared and circulated for comments.
Final draft approved by HSEMS Implementation Committee and

0 January 18, 2011
issued
1 July 14, 2013 KPC Standard 33 incorporated in the document.

1. Revision of document as per KOC HSSEMS Procedural
requirements after a period of 5 years for Tier-2 document.
2. Document title changed to ‘KOC Manual for Fire Safety
Management’ from ‘KOC Fire Safety Management’.
3. Annexures from revision 1 ‘KOC Fire Safety Management’
2 December 13, 2020 made part of the main document.
4. Annexure-1 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
introduced.
5. Organisational changes/ designations aligned.
6. Top/Middle/Line Management functions aligned to present
Company designations and functions.

Table of Contents
Sl Description Page No.
1.0 Introduction and Scope 4

2.0 References 4
3.0 Terms and Definitions 5
4.0 Responsibilities for Fire Safety Management 6
5.0 Fire Safety Management 8
5.1 Principles of Fire Safety management 8
5.2 Fire Prevention & Loss Control 9
5.3 Fire Chemistry and Fire Fighting Systems/ Equipment 12
5.4 Characteristics of Crude Oil Tank Fire 16
6.0 Site FSM Audits, Inspections 17
7.0 Fire Risk Evaluations 17
8.0 Fire Response Personnel 17
Annexure -1 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers 20

1.0 Introduction and Scope

The purpose of the procedure is effective planning for ‘Fire Safety Management’ as part of
Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) strategy to prevent injuries to people, losses to business, damage to
environment which may lead to interruptions of product flow to customers and loss of trust from
communities. FSM leads to building strong corporate image by demonstrating commitment
towards fire safety management and best industrial practices besides uninterrupted productivity.
This document describes the essential features of Fire Safety Management to prevent fire or
explosion, gas or environmental releases and handle fire emergencies including severe weather
(e.g., strong wind/ sandstorm/ lightning), natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes) etc.
The objectives of Fire Safety Management (FSM) is twofold:-
i) Preventing - Fire Ignition, fire emergencies or handle natural emergencies and
ii) Managing - Fire Impact, handling of fire emergencies and natural emergencies.
The goal of all sites is ZERO Fires and Emergency. Whilst recognizing that ‘ZERO’ is the ultimate
target for all Sites, a plan to progress towards this target over a period is appropriated and
acceptable.
This document does not include medical response or off-site emergencies such as Transportation
emergencies (e.g., a company truck fire on a highway or a ship in port).
Attention to three key areas promotes development of programs and systems that support
Management’s Commitment.
i) Principles
Sound principles provide the foundation for programs and systems supporting FSM in the
organization.
ii) Responsibilities
Clear understanding and acceptance of responsibilities ensure that FSM is implemented
consistently throughout the organization.
iii) Industry Standards
Management developed and implemented FSM based on the laws, regulatory requirements
through expertise in fire protection and experience of other industry experts. National regulations,
company standards and other standards, guidelines with nationally, internationally recognized
industry standards shall be followed.
2.0 References
The following KPC, KOC HSSEMS, KOC & industry procedures/ standards are applicable for Fire
Safety Management:
2.1 KPC HSSE Policy
2.2 KOC HSSE Management System Framework Guide:
 Element 3 – Risk and Compliance Management
 Element 7 – Emergency Preparedness and Management

2.3 KPC HSSE Standards:

 HSSE Risk Management (KPC-HSSE-E04-GE-S01)
 Emergency Response Management (KPC-HSSE-E12-GE-S01)
2.4 KOC Corporate Emergency Response Plan (KOC.GE.026)
2.5 KOC Crisis Management Plan (KOC.GE.025)
2.6 HSE Incident Reporting and Investigation Procedure (KOC.GE.007)
2.7 KOC Site Specific Emergency Response Plans (SSERP)
2.8 Guidelines for Escape, Evacuation and Rescue Assessment (EERA) (KOC.PS.019)
2.9 KOC-L-009 KOC Standard for Fire Protection System and Safety Equipments
2.10 KOC-L-006 KOC Standards for Fire & Gas Detection Equipments.
2.11 KOC-L-020 KOC standard for Fire Protection in Non-Plant Buildings
2.10 KOC-L-024 KOC Recommended Practice for selection, Design and Installation of Clean
Agent Based Fire Extinguishing System
2.11 KOC-L-036 KOC Recommended Practice for Design, Selection and Location of Fire &
Gas Detection System
2.12 KOC-ME-009 KOC Standard for Stationary Firewater Pump sets
Note 1: Firefighting appliances fitted on board KOC marine vessels, boats, KOTC ships are
governed by SOLAS requirements. Fire Safety Management comes under SOLAS guidance and
Industry practices such as OCIMF.
3.0 Terms and Definitions
Fire: A rapid/ unplanned combustion reaction releasing heat with or without flame.
Fire Brigade: An organized group of employees, who are knowledgeable, trained, and skilled in
fire-fighting operations.
Fire Safety Management: A systematic approach to manage fire hazards involving employees/
occupants at all levels so that fire regulations are implemented and fire risk managed/ maintained
at reasonably lowest possible level.
FSM: Fire Safety Management
Hot Zone: The area immediately surrounding the physical location of a fire or emergency. The
outer boundary of the hot zone extends far enough from the fire to protect fire brigade members
positioned outside the hot zone from being directly exposed to flames, dense smoke, or extreme
temperatures.
HSE: Health, Safety & Environment
HSSE: Health, Safety, Security & Environment
HSSEMS: Health, Safety, Security & Environment Management Systems
Incipient Stage Fire: A fire in the initial or beginning stage that can be controlled or extinguished
by portable fire extinguishers or a small hose without the need for protective clothing or breathing
apparatus.

Interior Structural Fire Fighting: The physical activity of fire suppression, rescue, or both, inside
buildings or enclosed structures that are involved in a fire situation beyond the incipient stage.
KFF: Kuwait Fire Force
KOC: Kuwait Oil Company
Site: Any company installation marked with a unique location, name as Gathering Center, Booster
Station, Al-Tameer Building, Oil Well etc.
NFPA: The National Fire Protection Association
OTS: Operations Technical Services
Prevention Methods: Reinforcement of emergency prevention systems built in by proper design,
adequate process controls and good maintenance.
Responsibility: Assigned with accountability and obligation.
Review: An examination of the effectiveness, suitability and efficiency of the Emergency Planning
System and its elements and components.
Risk: The likelihood and extent to which an emergency incident has the potential to cause damage
to people, plant, equipment and the environment.
Safety: In the context of this Standard, this should be taken to mean workplace safety and
occupational health.
4.0 Responsibilities for Fire Safety Management
Each Company site has the primary responsibility for leading and managing its own fire safety
management activities. The responsibilities discussed in the following sections apply to all site/
locations.
4.1 Chief Executive Officer/ Deputy Chief Executive Officers:
i. Ensure resources to implement Fire Safety Management as per company Policies, Standards
and Guidelines and sound industrial practices.
ii. Ensure site personnel are assigned, accountable for implementing Fire Safety Management.
iii. Demonstrate the leadership skills and commitment essential to a successful Fire Safety
Management (KOC.GE.041) by participation.
4.2 Managers/ Team Leaders:
Managers/ Team Leaders shall accept responsibility and demonstrate the following for FSM:
i. Maintain Fire Safety Management practices that are consistent with company, regional, global
HSSE policies, standards, and guidelines.
ii. Assessing and verifying the effectiveness and efficiency of FSM to deliver its expectations.
iii. Provide a Site Specific Fire Prevention, Fire Protection, Loss Control, firefighting training,
mock drills schedule etc. as per KOC HSSEMS. Site personnel are aware about this
procedure.
iv. Sustain continuous improvement in FSM by use of records, performance reports, defects etc.
through established metrics for tracking performance.

v. Initiate clear accountability for performance against goals and objectives on site-specific fire
safety management.
vi. Plan, execute and Maintain site Audit, inspections on Fire Safety Management.
vii. Implement appropriate action where deficiencies observed.
viii. Personally participate in activities that visibly demonstrate FSM commitment.
ix. Conduct root cause analysis for all incidents, failures, or near misses.
x. Make necessary arrangements at all sites to comply with FSM.
xi. Maintain written procedures for operation of site Fire Protection Systems, Equipments, and
keep records for maintenance.
xii. Reviewing the Program in accordance with the agreed review schedule and whenever there
are relevant changes to legislation, regulations or corporate policies.
4.3 Manager Fire Group:
i. Ensure that company level Fire Safety Management program, procedure are in place as per
law, national regulations and industrial practices.
ii. Ensuring that information contained within the FSM Documents are current and valid.
iii. Advising CEO/ Deputy CEOs in implementation, evaluation of Fire Safety Management in the
company facilities.
4.4 Team Leader Fire (Support Services), TL Organization Resilience, TL Fire
(S&EK) and TL Fire (N&WK)
i. Advising Managers/ Team leaders in implementation, evaluation of Fire Safety Management
in the company facilities in their respective areas.
ii. Assist Fire Safety Management program/ procedure implementations in their respective
areas.
iii. Advising and Reviewing the effectiveness and conformance of company Fire Safety
Management in managing fire risks and advising corrective actions in their respective areas.
iv. Team Leader Fire (Support Services) shall review the Program in accordance with agreed
review schedule and whenever there are relevant changes to legislation, regulations or
corporate policies.
4.5 FSM Functional Responsibilities
4.5.1 Asset Owner/ User teams
i. Take ownership to comply with FSM throughout the life cycle of their business operations.
ii. Identify applicable FSM requirements based on regulatory and operational needs.
iii. Provide necessary means for fire safety management as firefighting systems & equipment,
Site Specific Emergency Response Plans, fire safety training to employees and contract
workers, maintenance and inspection of firefighting systems etc.
iv. Make necessary plans, delegate responsibilities, define training needs, work instructions,
deploy necessary resources etc. as applicable to implement FSM.

4.5.2 Corporate HSE Group:

i. Upkeep and maintain this procedure as per KOC HSSEMS.
ii. Ensure FSM procedure is updated in line with regulatory and company operational needs.
iii. Plan, develop, manage and maintain audit, inspection, awareness on FSM.
4.5.3 Asset/ Directorate HSE Teams:
i. Provide administrative guidance and technical assistance to all sites, Teams in their efforts to
implement/ improve Fire Safety Management in their respective areas.
ii. Liaise with Corporate HSE Teams/ Fire Group to assist FSM implementation in their
respective areas.
4.5.4 Fire Group:
i. Provide technical, administrative, procedural guidance to all sites, Teams, Corporate, Asset
and Directorate HSE Teams in their efforts to implement Fire Safety Management.
ii. Fire Group shall advise/ provide/ support basic firefighting training to all company sites/
employees.
iii. Upkeep and maintain firefighting and emergency response infrastructure, capabilities in Fire
Group through man, material and machine at fire stations.
5.0 Fire Safety Management
5.1 Principles of Fire Safety Management
All fires, whether major or minor, are results from errors or substandard conditions. FSM focus on
providing safeguards so that errors and substandard conditions averted; and fire impact managed
effectively should ignition occur.
The following principles provide the basis for FSM:
i. All Fires can be prevented.
ii. The Goal is zero Fire Incidents.
iii. Facilities managed to prevent fires, injuries and business losses; company assets are
protected; and trust is fostered in the communities by following KOC standards and KOC
HSSE Management System.
iv. Consistent, measurable progress in fire safety management achieved by measuring,
controlling activities related to firefighting training and awareness on fire protection system
& equipment, upkeep and maintenance, mock drills, performance tests etc. as per
applicable company standards/ procedures.
v. Facilities designed and constructed to applicable laws, codes, standards and regulations
with technically sound practices applied in the absence of mandated fire safety standards.
vi. All FSM features are available while facilities operations. Any system isolation,
nonfunctional equipment status captured as per applicable codes/ industry practices and
necessary additional fire safety precautions/ corrective action taken as per industry
practices.

vii. Fixed automatic suppression systems and/or response by trained fire safety personnel are
the primary response when fires occur.
viii. The safety of people, facilities and the protection of our assets, environment, and
community addressed by emergency response plans.
ix. All fire incidents irrespective of severity in nature reported immediately and thoroughly
investigated.
5.2 Fire Prevention & Loss Control
All personnel whether KOC or contractors’ employees working in the Company premises are
committed to contribute promote Fire Prevention and Loss Control Programs. The company
arrangements, requirements, guidelines and procedures for Fire Prevention & Loss Control are
as follows:-
5.2.1 Fire Prevention:
It is prime duty of all personnel (Company or Contractors’ employee) to take utmost care and
necessary measure to prevent outbreak of fire at the workplaces and its surroundings. The
following precautions must be followed at all times as a preventive action:
 Reduce the possible risk of fire by maintaining a high standard of housekeeping.
 Any unexpected smell of gas / burning / smoke investigated thoroughly and the source
identified along with loss control action immediately. Such occurrence reported to the
respective area Supervisor.
 Smoking is prohibited inside company operational facilities. The individuals must deposit
cigarettes & lighter / matchbox to Control Room prior to stepping towards plant area. Lockers
are available in the control rooms for such purpose. However a Smoking Room may be
designated in unclassified area with due approval from Asset HSE Team.
 All cotton rags, oily waste materials, oil soaked gloves etc., must be disposed in a safe manner
in a covered metallic container, emptied out regularly.
 All flammable liquids such as paint, thinners, etc. properly segregated and stored in safe
designated locations with safety sign posted. The quantity stored kept to the minimum
required and the containers lids or cover not left open.
 Any leakage or spill of hydrocarbon liquid, vapour or chemical arrested, cleaned and disposed
off immediately in a safe manner as per KOC.GE.022 ‘Inland Oil spill Contingency Procedure’.
 The extreme care taken while dealing with pyrophoric deposits (Iron Sulfide) particularly when
opening equipment, vessels, piping, pig barrel etc. If pyrophoric scale deposition suspected
then the equipment /piping /vessel must be sufficiently wet with water, preventing air contact
with pyrophoric scales.
 No maintenance activity taken up without authorization through required work permit. The
equipment installation, commissioning, decommissioning including electrical isolation / de-
isolation carried out by the competent & authorized person in compliance to KOC.SA.004
‘Permit to work Procedure’.
 The necessary care taken to ensure inhibition of potential fire hazards prior to leaving a room
unoccupied as closing doors and windows behind, switching off lights and electrical
Equipments etc.
 Any fault, defect or malfunction noticed in the emergency handling or firefighting equipment
reported to immediate Supervisor and necessary action to replace, refill or repair taken.

5.2.2 Prohibitions and Precautionary Measures:

1. It is strictly forbidden to carry the following items into HAZARDOUS AREAS: -
 Matches, Lighters and any source of ignition
 Mobile Phone, Pager, Torch Light, Camera, electronic gadgets or any spark potential
equipment that are not intrinsically safe.
 Any battery or power operated equipment, not certified for respective hazardous areas
classification.
The use of any spark potential equipment regulated by the controlling team / asset owner
in compliance to KOC.SA.004 ‘Permit to work Procedure’.
2. Warning notice prohibiting the entry of any ignition source and spark potential appliances
posted at the entrance point of all hazardous areas and operational facilities.
3. The source of ignition as listed hereunder (but not limited to) must be controlled by Hot
Work Permit: -
 All naked flames, spark generating device, fire potential appliance, exposed
incandescent materials including pyrophoric deposits, electric arcs etc..
 Electric and gas welding equipment.
 Blow lamps, Stoves and Boilers.
 All internal combustion engines (petrol driven).
 Any electrical generator, equipment, machine capable of producing ignition/ spark.
 Power operated grinding and cutting machines.
 Hand operated metallic tools in contact with dry concrete, stone or masonry.
 Power operated ferrous tools.
 Grit or shot blasting machines.
 Needle guns.
 Use of Non-Intrinsically Safe Equipment
 Use of Non -Certified Electrical/electronic equipment
 Use of explosive materials
 Use of electric Pre heaters and stress relieving
 Portable Diesel Engines
 Work involves cameras equipped with batteries in restricted areas
 Work involves removing covers and exposing live electric / instrument
5.2.3 Fire/ Emergency Response:
1. Emergency Evacuation Procedure as developed by each group / team placed at
prominent location in the respective premises as per KOC.PS.019 ‘Guidelines for Escape,
Evacuation and Rescue Assessment’. This procedure should clearly state the response
in the event of a fire and subsequent evacuation to the designated assembly point through
nearest emergency exit.
2. The general response in case of fire is as per KOC.GE.026 and summarized hereunder
with the intention to minimize the anticipated loss:

 Activate nearest alarm point (Manual call Point or shout “FIRE..FIRE ..FIRE” for
assistance).
 Report Incident to Main Control Room.
 Call ECC (Tel: 160) by telephone, radio or other suitable means.
 If it is safe, onsite staffs are to attend to any fire/ injured personnel and carry out
firefighting/ first aid if needed. Attempt to fight the fire using the nearest available
equipment without exposing to imminent danger.
 Isolate the fuel or energy source. (Persons familiar with the apparatus or plant
concerned should do this.)
 Stop all activities, vehicles, or other devices in the area that could create a spark and
ignite the fuel.
 Evacuate area to assembly point (upwind direction for hydrocarbon/ H2S leak), and
conduct a headcount to ensure everyone is safe.
3. Small fire controlled by available personnel on the spot under the supervision of the senior
most people. However, fire-fighting crew takes over from them on arrival at the scene of
incident. Fire Fighting Crew briefed about the prevalent danger due to presence of any
hazardous material, pressurized equipment or other risks at the scene.
4. Based on the potential severity and contingency, the Facility Control Room will decide the
further action after due consideration: -
 Assess the emergency situation (Category and shutdown level)
 Activate the alarm (Category 1-3 incidents) to evacuate facility personnel.
 Report all incidents to the Emergency Control Centre (ECC-160).
 Any further assistance or rescue needed from internal or external support agencies to
minimize the damage through control measures.
 Ensure evacuation carried out and all personnel accounted for. Initiate a search or
investigation if necessary.
 Demarcation of immediate danger zone and raising necessary barricade to prevent
unauthorized entry.
 Arrange for additional control and communications facility.
5. At any stage, if assessed that event has escalated then follow laid down Emergency
Procedures as per KOC.GE.026 ‘KOC Corporate Emergency Plan’ and ‘Site Specific
Emergency Response Plan’.
5.2.4 Injury:
1. The relief assistance for personnel injured in the course of a fire or emergency dealt as
per company procedure as per KOC.GE.026 ‘KOC Corporate Emergency Plan’ and ‘Site
Specific Emergency Response Plan’.
2. Immediate assistance can be approached by calling ECC at 160, or through Radio
(Channel – KOC-Medical), providing necessary detail for nature of injury & casualty.
3. The instruction for reporting of injuries and accidents detailed under KOC.GE.007 ‘HSE
Incidents Reporting and Investigation Procedure’.

5.2.5 Fire Alarm, Drills and Equipment Testing:

1. There are various types of fire detectors such as Smoke, Flame (UV & Infra-red), heat,
gas (HC, H2S etc.) detectors and Manual Call Point (Break Glass Cover) installed at
different location in company facilities with the intention to alert personnel and control
emergency.
2. These detectors functionally tested at defined frequency taking all Override action in
consultation with respective operations and maintenance teams. A status report of such
periodical testing recorded in facility control room.
3. Evacuation drills for company facility conducted as per relevant KOC.GE.026 HSSEMS
procedure ‘KOC Corporate Emergency Plan’. The evacuation scenario should conform to
a reasonably real event, considering circumstances prevalent including its operational &
HSE impact.
5.2.6 Report Fire/ Accident/ Incident:
The following minimum information need to be provided while reporting a fire, accident or incident,
at ECC (Tel: 160) or on radio at KOC Emergency Channel:
• Identification of Reporter (such as Name, Designation and Team)
• The Location of accident / incident
• Brief description of the incident.
• Response required (e.g. Fire, Ambulance... etc)
• Number of casualties.
• Wind Direction
• Affected Directorate/ Controlling Team (Drilling Rigs refer to Well Control ERAP Draft)
• Personnel & equipment involved in the incident / accident
(Note: Assure the message understood at the other end.).
5.2.7 Type of Fire, Accident, Incident:
Hydrocarbon leak (Gas or Oil), Chemical leaks, toxic leak as H2S Hazards/ leak, Fire, explosion,
injury, Fatality, Traffic Accident, Total Power Failure, natural occurrence as earthquake,
windstorm/ sandstorm etc.
5.3 Fire Chemistry and Fire Fighting Systems/ Equipment
One of the most frequent causes of loss in the oil & gas industry is fire. The hazardous
nature of hydrocarbons lends itself to situation that can result in fire and explosions. In order to
control loss due to fire, the theory of combustion and fire spread understood by all employees and
contract workers deployed in oil & gas industries.
5.3.1 Combustion/ Fire:
It is the chemical reaction or series of reactions in which heat, fire gas, flame and smoke evolved.
There are three primary components necessary for combustion. All three components – Fuel,
Oxygen (usually air) and Heat – must be present in certain proportions for any fire or combustion
to occur. Fire Triangle represents it.

Fire Triangle
The elimination of one or more of these components will result in extinguishment of fire. The three
components of combustions/ fire traditionally represented as a FIRE TRIANGLE above.
5.3.2 Limits of Flammability:
The vapour of a flammable material when mixed with air is ignitable only if its concentration falls
within certain limits called Flammability Limits. Outside these limits such as if a mixture is too
lean (not enough flammable vapour) or too rich (too much vapour in relation to air) then ignition
cannot take place.
The limits of flammability for some of the flammable materials are indicated hereunder:
Lower Flammability Limit Upper Flammability Limit

Flammable Material
(LFL) (UFL)
Acetylene 2.5% 80%
Methane (Natural Gas) 5% 15%
Petrol (Gasoline) 1.4% 7.6%
5.3.3 Heat Transmission:

Transfer of heat is responsible for initiation, continuation and extinguishment of most fires. Fire
can spread by one or more of the following modes:-
a) Conduction: Heat from one body transferred to another by direct contact.
b) Convection: Heat transferred by a circulating medium. Heated air expands and rises, its
place taken by cold air, which in turn also becomes hot and rises, so on.
c) Radiation: Heat transferred from one body to another by heat rays a medium in between.
5.3.4 Fire Extinguishing Principles:
Fire extinguishment principle involves elimination of one or more of the components forming a
Fire Triangle. The method of extinguishing a fire classified conveniently under the following:

a) Starving: The removal of fuel to the point so that nothing remains to burn e.g. turn off
valves.
b) Smothering: The removal of air or oxygen so that combustion ceases e.g. fire blanket,
foam.
c) Cooling: Cooling of fuel so that combustion vapour are no longer produced, and
temperature is dropped below ignition point e.g. water spray etc.
d) Inhibiting the Flame Chain Reaction: This is the fourth element of fire extinguishment,
which introduced beyond the fire triangle. It represented by fire tetrahedron shown below.
In this method by arresting the chemical chain reaction in the flame zone, combustion
process terminated, e.g. introduce a Dry Chemical Extinguisher, inert agent etc.
Fire Tetrahedron
5.3.5 Classification of Fire:

Combustible substances grouped into the following Classes:
Class of Fire Description Symbol
Carbon based combustible materials (wood,

Class A
rubber, paper, fabric, textiles etc.)
Class B Liquid (petrol, oil, thinners etc.)
Gases (acetylene, propane, LPG, Butane

Class C
etc.)
Metals (Sodium, potassium, magnesium)

Class D
require special extinguishing agent
Fire involving energized electrical equipment

Class E
as electrical cable, electrical motor etc.

5.3.6 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers:

Portable and wheeled fire extinguishers provided for facilities, building first aid firefighting as
follows:
i. 5 kg. and 2 Kg. (Portable) CO2 Fire Extinguishers
ii. 9 kg. (Portable) and 63 kg. (wheeled) DPC Monnex Fire Extinguishers
iii. 9 Liter (Portable) Water Type Fire Extinguishers
Details of the portable and wheeled fire extinguishers provided in Annexure – 1.
5.3.7 Fire Extinguishers Suitability Chart:
Type of Fire Extinguisher
Water DPC Monnex CO2
Class of Fire
CO2 Gas Cartridge Type CO2 Gas Cartridge Type Stored Pressure Type
Class "A" Most suitable May be used May be used
Class “B" Not Suitable Most suitable May be used
Class “C” Not Suitable Most Suitable May be used
Class “D” Not Suitable Only Special DPC Not Suitable
Class "E" Not Suitable Suitable Most Suitable
5.3.8 Fire Fighting Systems/ Equipments:

All the Company assets protected by means of firefighting systems and Equipments as fire
extinguishers, hydrants, fire & gas alarm etc. It is the responsibility of all individuals to make
themselves familiar about working and use of such emergency equipment in case of need. Team
Leaders, Supervisors shall ensure that the people working under them are fully familiar about the
use of the following Equipments/ systems in their respective areas.
i. Water Based Fire Fighting Systems:-
 Hydrants, Monitors, Hose Reels
 Sprinklers System
 Deluge Water Spray System,
 Fixed/ Semi-Fixed Foam System
 Water mist systems
ii. Clean Agent Based Fire Fighting Systems
 Clean Agent Automatic Fire Suppression System
 CO2 Fire Fighting Systems
 Powder based Fire Fighting System
iii. Fire & Gas Detection and Alarm system
 Flammable Gas Detector

 Toxic gas Detector

 Flame Detector
 Manual Call Point
 Annunciating Devices (Hooters, Alarms etc.)
iv. Fire Stations:
The company has its own Fire Stations for handling any emergency in KOC area as follows:-
South & East Kuwait Areas – Burgan Fire Station,
North Kuwait Areas – North Kuwait Fire Station
West Kuwait Areas – West Kuwait Fire Station
Ratqa Areas – Ratqa Fire Station
These Fire Stations work round the clock to cater the fire/ emergency control in the company
operations. The Fire Fighting Crew summoned by calling Emergency Coordination Center (ECC)
at 160 or on radio (KOC Fire Channel).
5.4 Characteristics of Crude Oil Tank Fire
Fuel are available in huge capacity in the storage tank and so is the oxygen in the atmosphere.
The only missing link is source of ignition, which needs strictly controlled for preventing fire. A fire
and/ or possibly delayed explosion may occur when the proper proportion of flammable vapour
and air are exposed to an ignition source. An explosion results from the ignition of flammable
vapour – air mixture inside the tank in confined space.
5.4.1 Flammable Vapour:
Air mixture may be ignited by ignition source, such as open flames, internal combustion engine,
lightning, electrical short circuit, smoking and sparks etc. Spark sources include electric lamps,
power tools, fixtures, switches, non–explosion proof appliances, welding and static electricity.
Another source of ignition may be present in tanks that used for storage of sour crude. The
Sulphur compound in the sour crude oil reacts with steel of storage tank to form finely divided iron
polysulfide deposits, which are pyrophoric on exposure to air.
Elimination of ignition source sources can be more difficult and less certain ignition source may
go unrecognized or be remote. Unlike vapour and gases, an instrument cannot detect ignition
sources. The vapour of some petroleum products are heavier than air and settle in low places.
Vapour can spill from a tank and can flow like water. They can travel considerable distances and
encounter remote ignition source, e.g. a car or truck engine and ignited. They can also flashback
to and into the tank where the vapour originated and cause a fire & explosion.
5.4.2 Potential Fire Hazard in a Floating Roof Tank:
Some of the potential fire hazards associated with floating roof tank include the following:
1. Flammable vapour may exist in floating roof tank roofs due to leak, overflow etc.
2. When the floating roof is out of floatation and the liquid level is below the roof support, a
flammable air vapour mixture may exist in the atmosphere below the roof.
3. When filling a tank whose roof has been out of floatation and the liquid level has been below
the roof level, vapour forced through the roof seal and into the atmosphere.
4. Absorbent buoyant materials used in the construction of some floating roof may retain
flammable or combustible liquids.

5.4.3 Tank Fire & its Control:

As a rule, in case of small fire in the tank quickly extinguished by reduction of air in the vapour–
air mixture. Blanketing the oil surface with foam extinguishes fire. It also cuts off air from contact
with the liquid and thus prevents the formation of flammable mixture.
The contained oil fire is easier to control than the uncontained. It is not going anywhere as long
as it remains contained, which in case of a tank fire, is until extinguished or burn to consumption.
Floating roof rim fires easily extinguished by use of foam hose nozzles from the top platform,
driving the fire away beneath the platform with the foam, fog or dry chemical and then proceeding
around the tank. If a fire occurs near a tank, apply water immediately to the exposed tank to cool
it and to reduce vaporization. This action not only saves stock but also makes ignition at the vents
less likely.
Pre Fire Plan made available for fighting of these fires in advance of their occurrence.
6.0 Site FSM Audits, Inspections
Responsibility for fire safety management (FSM) audit, inspection rests with sites/ asset owners/
user teams.
Audit, inspections are planned, conducted to evaluate effectiveness of the FSM in coordination
with Corporate HSE Group/ Asset / Directorate HSE Teams/ Fire Group. Asset Owners/ User
teams advised/ assisted by area Fire Teams for planning and execution of such audits,
inspections.
7.0 Fire Risk Evaluations
Each site periodically evaluates the impact on its business of a reasonably extended facility
outage due to a fire or an explosion during project, major augmentation, and expansion activities.
These evaluations based on full surface tank fires, full-bore rupture of pipelines and explosions
inside the process areas. Services from any internationally recognized third party consultants
hired for these evaluations.
Such risk assessments conducted during initial design stage, capacity enhancement,
augmentation, change in process and all cases of Management of Change. Risk Assessments
conducted as per KOC.PS.034 ‘Guidelines for Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis (FERA).
8.0 Fire Response Personnel
8.1 Fire Response Personnel Requirements
Proper response by personnel to a fire & emergency is crucial at all facilities/ sites for ensuring
complete fire extinguishment & control of emergency. Company has defined, reviewed and
evaluated qualifications and capabilities of emergency responders to ensure, required fire,
emergency & life safety arrangements, minimize loss of investment, restore normal operations in
a timely fashion, and protect neighborhoods. This response may be by Company employees or
by non-company personnel (e.g. K-Companies, Kuwait Fire Force). The response personnel
levels defined below:-
i) Company Employees and Contract Worker:
Company employees and contract workers trained in basic firefighting training to act as first
responder at incipient stage of fire. Their role in direct firefighting is limited to first-aid firefighting
until the trained fire fighters are available at the scene of fire.

ii) Skilled Fire Fighters – Fire Brigade Personnel:

Company employees especially trained personnel deployed for complex firefighting and rescue
operations, which generally known as Fire Brigade personnel and deployed in Fire group in the
company at various Fire Stations.
To ensure capability for handling any site fire & emergency, the members of the first responders
and Fire Group shall:
 Meet the conditions of the KOC fitness and occupational health standards.
 Be available for assigned emergency response, duties (have no limitations that would
prevent or unduly delay response).
In addition, fire fighters in Fire Group have the following:
• Proper training (includes recognition of hazards) - pre employment and during employment
as per job description and professional development plan
• Suitable personal protective equipment required for industrial fire brigades
• Adequate fire-fighting equipment for handling industrial firefighting operations
• Adequate staffing for the fire & emergency handling
• Adequately trained leadership for industrial fire brigade
• Knowledge of key site personnel effective firefighting & emergency operations
• Familiarity with site layout and hazards for quick response during fire emergency
• Knowledge of fire protection systems
• Knowledge of building evacuation procedures and rescue techniques
8.2 Firefighting Training for Employees/ Occupants
Fire Fighting Training for the employees/ occupants/ contract workers is the responsibility of KOC
sites with the help of Petroleum Training Center, HSE Induction Center, Fire Group etc. Fire
Fighting Training shall be included in training, competence and mock drill programs of each site.
8.3 Fire Brigade Training
Training and education provided for all site fire brigade members (Fire fighter in Fire Group)
commensurate with the duties and functions that expected to perform. Leaders and training
instructors provided with training and education that is more comprehensive than that provided to
the general membership of the fire brigade at an international repute fire training school.
The quality of training and education programs for fire brigade members is similar to those
programs conducted at national and international recognized fire schools, and the use of these
fire schools recommended to achieve required level of skills.
8.3.1 Training Record Keeping
Individual training records documented for each member's training activities. Records include the
subject, content of training sessions, courses, refresher courses completed, evaluation of skills,
and knowledge, drill attendance records, leadership, and other special accomplishments related
to brigade activities. These records are available with Fire Group and/ or Training & Career
Development Team.

8.4 Response Time and Staffing

Response time and staffing verified by conducting test calls from fire stations to the facilities under
jurisdiction. Staffing consider providing adequate back up for personnel in hot and warm zones
as recommended in KOC Corporate Emergency Response Plan KOC.GE.026.
Response times can vary depending on the hazards and circumstances at each site. The potential
for quick-spreading fires occurring in the presence of significant quantities of flammable liquids or
absence of automatic fire suppression systems (particularly in areas with high fuel loading) makes
short response time critical.
8.5 Off-site Responders
Off-site agencies responding to KOC Fire & Emergency shall determine their level of training and
define acceptable methods, if necessary, in consultation with KOC Fire Group for accomplishing
the training.
KOC coordinates with KPC Subsidiaries’ Fire Brigades, Kuwait Fire Force to utilize their
responders as backup when needed during emergencies. Such coordination is through meeting,
talks, training session, field visits, joint mock drills etc. Regular visits to sites and participating in
joint training exercises is a good tool for Kuwait Fire Force to be aware about the site location and
hazards.

Annexure-1
Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
The following are types of extinguishers available in KOC considered most suitable for different
class of fire:
i) Water Type Extinguishers:
Contents 9 liters of Water with CO2 Gas Cartridge
Discharge 60 second
Duration
Throw Stream 6 meters
Operation 1. Carry extinguisher to the fire by carry handle
2. Release safety pin and squeeze the operating lever
3. Direct contents at base of fire
4. Extinguishes fire by cooling
9 Liter Water CO2

Gas cartridge Type
Fire Extinguisher
ii) Dry Chemical Type Extinguishers:

Contents (Monnex dry powder)
9 Kg and 63 kg.
Discharge 13 seconds for 9 Kg and
Duration 60 seconds for 63 kg.
Throw Stream 7 meters for 9 Kg and
9 m for 63 kg. 9 kg. DPC Monnex
CO2 Gas Cartridge
Operation 1. Carry extinguisher near to the fire by carry handle Type Fire
Extinguisher
2. Release safety pin and squeeze the operating
lever
3. Direct contents at vapour space in sweeping
motion
4. Extinguishes by smothering/ inhibiting flame Chain
reaction on small B, C & E Class fires.
63 kg. DPC Monnex
CO2 Gas Cartridge
Type Fire
Extinguisher

iii) CO2 Type Extinguishers:

Contents Liquid CO2 in 2 Kg and 5 Kg capacity stored in cylinder
under pressure.
Discharge 15 seconds
Duration
Throw Stream 3 meters
Operation 1. Carry extinguisher to the fire by carry handle

2. Release safety pin and squeeze the cylinder valve
3. Test operation
4. Direct close to fire in sweeping motion
5 kg. and 2 kg. CO2
5. Can be used intermittently Type Fire
Extinguisher
6. Extinguishes by smothering on small E Class fires


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KOC.GE.

Kuwait Oil Company

Manual for Fire Safety Management

Document Number: KOC.GE.041

Approved By: KOC HSSE Procedures Sub-Committee

Authorized By: KOC HSSE Implementation Committee

Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

REVIEW AND REVISION STATUS

Final draft approved by HSEMS Implementation Committee and

1 July 14, 2013 KPC Standard 33 incorporated in the document.

Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

Sl Description Page No.

1.0 Introduction and Scope 4

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1.0 Introduction and Scope

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2.3 KPC HSSE Standards:

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Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

4.5.2 Corporate HSE Group:

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Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

5.2.2 Prohibitions and Precautionary Measures:

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Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

5.2.5 Fire Alarm, Drills and Equipment Testing:

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Lower Flammability Limit Upper Flammability Limit

Acetylene 2.5% 80%

Methane (Natural Gas) 5% 15%

Petrol (Gasoline) 1.4% 7.6%

5.3.3 Heat Transmission:

Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

5.3.5 Classification of Fire:

Class of Fire Description Symbol

Carbon based combustible materials (wood,

Class B Liquid (petrol, oil, thinners etc.)

Gases (acetylene, propane, LPG, Butane

Metals (Sodium, potassium, magnesium)

Fire involving energized electrical equipment

Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

5.3.6 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers:

5.3.8 Fire Fighting Systems/ Equipments:

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 Toxic gas Detector

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5.4.3 Tank Fire & its Control:

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ii) Skilled Fire Fighters – Fire Brigade Personnel:

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8.4 Response Time and Staffing

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Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers

9 Liter Water CO2

ii) Dry Chemical Type Extinguishers:

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iii) CO2 Type Extinguishers:

Operation 1. Carry extinguisher to the fire by carry handle

Control Tier 2 Revision Date: December 13, 2020

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