21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY EH-I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Limited or special coverages may not contain all items, but that material which is included should be arranged
in the order outlined.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... EH-I

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3

CHAPTER 1 – DEFINITIONS............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Terms used with a limited Meaning............................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL PROVISIONS ........................................................................................................... 1

2.1 Objective, Determination and Provision of Meteorological Service .............................................. 1
2.2 Supply, Use and Quality Management of Meteorological Information .......................................... 1
2.3 Notifications required from Operators........................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 3 – GLOBAL SYSTEMS, SUPPORTING CENTERS AND METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES ........... 2

3.1 World Area Forecast System ........................................................................................................ 2
3.2 World Area Forecast Centers ....................................................................................................... 3
3.3 Aerodrome Meteorological Offices ............................................................................................... 3
3.4 Meteorological Watch Offices ....................................................................................................... 3
3.5 Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers..................................................................................................... 4
3.6 State Volcano Observatories ........................................................................................................ 4
3.7 Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers ............................................................................................... 5
3.8. Space Weather Centers................................................................................................................ 5

CHAPTER 4 – METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS .......................................................... 5

4.1 Aeronautical Meteorological Stations and Observations .............................................................. 5
4.2 Agreement between Meteorological Authorities and Air Traffic Services Authorities.................... 6
4.3 Routine Observations and Reports .............................................................................................. 6
4.4 Special Observations and Reports ............................................................................................... 6
4.5 Contents of Reports...................................................................................................................... 7
4.6 Observing and Reporting Meteorological Elements ..................................................................... 7
4.7 Reporting of Information from Automatic Observing Systems...................................................... 8
4.8 Observation and Reports of Volcanic Activity ............................................................................... 8

CHAPTER 5 – AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS .......................................................................... 8

5.1 Obligations of States..................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Types of Aircraft Observations...................................................................................................... 9
5.3 Routine Aircraft Observations - Designation................................................................................. 9
5.4 Routine Aircraft Observations - Exemptions ................................................................................. 9
5.5 Special Aircraft Observations ....................................................................................................... 9
5.6 Other Non-Routine Aircraft Observations ..................................................................................... 9
5.7 Reporting of Aircraft Observations during Flight........................................................................... 9
5.8 Relay of Air-Reports by ATS Units ................................................................................................ 9
5.9 Recording and Post-Flight Reporting of Aircraft Observations of Volcanic Activity ...................... 9

CHAPTER 6 – FORECASTS ............................................................................................................................. 9

6.1 Use of Forecasts......................................................................................................................... 10
6.2 Aerodrome Forecasts ................................................................................................................. 10
6.3 Landing Forecasts ...................................................................................................................... 10
6.4 Forecasts for Take-Off................................................................................................................. 10
6.5 Area Forecasts for Low-Level Flights.......................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 7 – SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME

WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND ALERTS................................................. 11
7.1 SIGMET Information .................................................................................................................. 11
7.2 AIRMET Information ................................................................................................................... 11
7.3 Aerodrome Warnings.................................................................................................................. 11
7.4 Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts................................................................................................ 11

CHAPTER 8 – AERONAUTICAL CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION ............................................................ 12

8.1 General Provisions ..................................................................................................................... 12
8.2 Aerodrome Climatological Tables ............................................................................................... 12
8.3 Aerodrome Climatological Summaries ....................................................................................... 12
8.4 Copies of Meteorological Observational Data ............................................................................ 12

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EH-II METEOROLOGY 21 DEC 18

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 9 – SERVICE FOR OPERATORS AND FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS............................................. 12
9.1 General Provisions ..................................................................................................................... 12
9.2 Briefing, Consultation and Display .............................................................................................. 14
9.3 Flight Documentation.................................................................................................................. 14
9.4 Automated Pre-Flight Information Systems for Briefing,
Consultation, Flight Planning and Flight Documentation ............................................................ 14
9.5 Information for Aircraft in Flight................................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER 10 – INFORMATION FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES, SEARCH AND RESCUE

SERVICES AND AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES............................................ 15
10.1 Information for Air Traffic Services Units..................................................................................... 15
10.2 Information for Search and Rescue Services Units .................................................................... 15
10.3 Information for Aeronautical Information Services Units............................................................. 15

CHAPTER 11 – REQUIREMENTS FOR AND USE OF COMMUNICATIONS ................................................. 15

11.1 Requirements for Communications............................................................................................. 15
11.2 Use of Aeronautical Fixed Service Communications and the Public Internet -
Meteorological Bulletins.............................................................................................................. 16
11.3 Use of Aeronautical Fixed Service Communications -
World Area Forecast System Products....................................................................................... 16
11.4 Use of Aeronautical Mobile Service Communication.................................................................. 16
11.5 Use of Aeronautical Data Link Service - Contents of D-VOLMET .............................................. 16
11.6 Use of Aeronautical Broadcast Service - Contents of VOLMET Broadcasts.............................. 16

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS
- ANNEX 3

Appendix 1 – Flight Documentation - Model Charts and Forms....................................................................... 21

Appendix 1 – Model A - OPMET Information.................................................................................................... 22
Appendix 1 – Model IS - Upper Wind and Temperature Chart for Standard Isobaric Surface - Example 1 ..... 23
Appendix 1 – Model IS - Upper Wind and Temperature Chart for Standard Isobaric Surface - Example 2 ..... 24
Appendix 1 – Model SWH - Significant Weather Chart (High Level) ................................................................ 25
Appendix 1 – Model SWM - Significant Weather Chart (Medium Level) .......................................................... 26
Appendix 1 – Model SWL - Significant Weather Chart (Low Level) Example 1................................................ 27
Appendix 1 – Model SWL - Significant Weather Chart (Low Level) Example 2................................................ 28
Appendix 1 – Model TCG - Cyclone Advisory Information in Graphical Format............................................... 29
Appendix 1 – Model VAG - Volcanic Ash Advisory Information in Graphical Format........................................ 30
Appendix 1 – Model STC - SIGMET for Tropical Cyclone in Graphical Format................................................ 31
Appendix 1 – Model SVA - SIGMET for Volcanic Ash in Graphical Format ...................................................... 32
Appendix 1 – Model SGE - SIGMET for Phenomena other than Tropical Cyclone and Volcanic Ash in
Graphical Format ......................................................................................................................... 33

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / SIGMET NOTATIONS - ANNEX 3

Appendix 1 – Model SN - Sheet of Notations used in Flight Documentation.................................................... 35

1. Symbols for Significant Weather................................................................................................. 35
2. Fronts and Convergence Zones and other Symbols used.......................................................... 36
3. Abbreviations used to describe Clouds ...................................................................................... 36
3.1 Type ................................................................................................................................... 36
3.2 Amount............................................................................................................................... 36
3.3 Heights............................................................................................................................... 36
4. Depicting of Lines and Systems on Specific Charts ................................................................... 37
4.1 SWH and SWM - Significant Weather Charts (High and Medium) .................................... 37
4.2 SWL - Significant Weather Chart (Low Level).................................................................... 37
4.3 Arrows, Feathers and Pennants......................................................................................... 37

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 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY EH-III

TABLE OF CONTENTS
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / WORLD AREA FORECAST -
ANNEX 3

Appendix 2 – Technical Specifications related to Global Systems,

Supporting Centers and Meteorological Offices ......................................................................... 41
Table A2-1 - Template for Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash ............................................................. 41
Example A2-1 - Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash ............................................................................ 45
Table A2-2 - Template for Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones ..................................................... 45
Example A2-2 - Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones .................................................................... 48
Table A2-3 - Template for Advisory Message for Space Weather Information...................................... 48
Example A2-3 - Space weather advisory message (GNSS and HFCOM effects) ................................ 52
Example A2-4 - Space weather advisory message (RADIATION effects) ............................................ 53
Example A2-5 - Space weather advisory message (HFCOM effects) .................................................. 53

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / METAR AND SPECI - ANNEX 3

Appendix 3 – Technical Specifications related to Meteorological Observations and Reports .......................... 57

Table A3-1 - Template for Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special (SPECIAL) Reports ...... 57
Table A3-2 - Template for METAR and SPECI ...................................................................................... 63
Table A3-3 - Use of Change Indicators in Trend Forecast .................................................................... 67
Table A3-4 - Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in Local Reports............. 67
Table A3-5 - Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in METAR and SPECI .... 68
Example A3-1 - Routine Report ............................................................................................................ 69
Example A3-2 - Special Report ............................................................................................................ 69
Example A3-3 - Volcanic Activity Report............................................................................................... 69

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS -

ANNEX 3

Appendix 4 – Technical Specifications related to Aircraft Observations and Reports ...................................... 71

1. Contents of Air-reports ............................................................................................................... 71
1.1 Routine Air-reports by Air-ground Data Link ...................................................................... 71
1.2 Special Air-reports by Air-ground Data Link....................................................................... 71
1.3 Special Air-reports by Voice Communications ................................................................... 71
2. Criteria for Reporting .................................................................................................................. 72
2.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 72
2.2 Wind Direction.................................................................................................................... 72
2.3 Wind Speed ....................................................................................................................... 72
2.4 Wind Quality Flag............................................................................................................... 72
2.5 Air Temperature.................................................................................................................. 72
2.6 Turbulence.......................................................................................................................... 72
2.7 Humidity ............................................................................................................................. 72
Table A4-1 - Template for Special Air-reports (Downlink) ..................................................................... 72
Table A4-2 - Time of Occurrence of the Peak Value to be reported...................................................... 73
Table A4-3 - Ranges and Resolutions for the Meteorological Elements included in Air-reports ........... 74

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC / FORECAST - ANNEX 3

Appendix 5 – Technical Specifications related to Forecasts ............................................................................. 81

1. Criteria related to TAF................................................................................................................. 81
1.1 TAF Format ........................................................................................................................ 81
Table A5-1 - Template for TAF............................................................................................................... 81
Table A5-2 - Use of Change and Time Indicators in TAF ...................................................................... 84
Table A5-4 - Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in TAF............................. 85
Example A5-1 - TAF.............................................................................................................................. 85
Example A5-2 - Cancellation of TAF ..................................................................................................... 85

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EH-IV METEOROLOGY 21 DEC 18

TABLE OF CONTENTS
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC / SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3

Appendix 6 – Technical Specifications related to SIGMET and AIRMET Information, Aerodrome

Warnings and Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts ........................................................................ 91
Table A6-1A - Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages .............................................................. 91
Table A6-1B - Template for Special Air Reports (Uplink) .................................................................... 101
Table A6-2 - Template for Aerodrome Warnings ................................................................................. 101
Table A6-3 - Template for Wind Shear Warnings ................................................................................ 102
Table A6-4 - Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in Volcanic
Ash and Tropical Cyclone Advisory Messages, SIGMET/AIRMET Messages
and Aerodrome and Wind Shear Warnings.................................................................... 103
Example A6-1 - SIGMET and AIRMET Message and the Corresponding Cancellations ................... 104
Example A6-2 - SIGMET Message for Tropical Cyclone .................................................................... 104
Example A6-3 - SIGMET Message for Volcanic Ash .......................................................................... 105
Example A6-4 - SIGMET Message for Radioactive Cloud.................................................................. 105
Example A6-5 - SIGMET Message for Severe Turbulence ................................................................. 105
Example A6-6 - AIRMET Message for Moderate Mountain Wave ...................................................... 105

ENCODING SCHEME FOR RUNWAY CONDITIONS DISSEMINATED THROUGH EUR-RODEX.............. 201

AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM / RODEX .............................. 205
AERODROME WEATHER REPORT - METAR AND SPECI DECODE......................................................... 211
AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST - TAF DECODE .............................................................................. 221
METEOROLOGICAL DATA - AFRICA
Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts - Africa .........................................................................................A-5

METEOROLOGICAL DATA - ATLANTIC

Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts - Atlantic......................................................................................AT-5

METEOROLOGICAL DATA - CHINA

Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts - China ...................................................................................... CH-5

METEOROLOGICAL DATA - EUROPE

National Differences to ICAO Annex 3 - Europe ..................................................................................E-1
Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts - Europe.......................................................................................E-5

METEOROLOGICAL DATA - EASTERN EUROPE

National Differences to ICAO Annex 3 - Eastern Europe.................................................................. EE-1
Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts - Eastern Europe ...................................................................... EE-5

METEOROLOGICAL DATA - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA

Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts - Middle East/South Asia ..........................................................ME-5

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 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
In this part of the METEOROLOGY section, selected Chapters and paragraphs have been extracted from
ICAO Annex 3 – Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation. Chapter and paragraph numbers
reflect those contained in the Annex.
CHAPTER 1 – DEFINITIONS
1.1 DEFINITIONS
Refer to INTRODUCTION/GLOSSARY.
1.2 TERMS USED WITH A LIMITED
MEANING
For the purpose of Annex 3, the following terms are
used with a limited meaning as indicated below:
a. to avoid confusion in respect of the term “ser-
vice” between the meteorological service con-
sidered as an administrative entity and the ser-
vice which is provided, “meteorological author-
ity” is used for the former and “service” for the
latter;
b. “provide” is used solely in connection with the
provision of service;
c. “issue” is used solely in connection with cases
where the obligation specifically extends to
sending out the information to a user;
d. “make available” is used solely in connection
with cases where the obligation ends with mak-
ing the information accessible to a user;
e. “supply” is used solely in connection with cases
where either c) or d) applies.
CHAPTER 2 – GENERAL PROVISIONS
2.1 OBJECTIVE, DETERMINATION AND
PROVISION OF METEOROLOGICAL
SERVICE
2.1.1 The objective of meteorological service
for international air navigation shall be to contribute
towards the safety, regularity and efficiency of inter-
national air navigation.
2.1.2 This objective shall be achieved by sup-
plying the following users: operators, flight crew mem-
bers, air traffic services units, search and rescue ser-
vices units, airport managements and others con-
cerned with the conduct or development of interna-
tional air navigation, with the meteorological informa-
tion necessary for the performance of their respective
functions.
2.1.3 Each Contracting State shall determine
the meteorological service which it will provide to
meet the needs of international air navigation. This
determination shall be made in accordance with
the provisions of this Annex and with due regard to
regional air navigation agreements; it shall include
the determination of the meteorological service to be
provided for international air navigation over interna-
tional waters and other areas which lie outside the
territory of the State concerned.
2.1.4 Each Contracting State shall designate
the authority, hereinafter referred to as the meteo-
rological authority, to provide or to arrange for the
provision of meteorological service for international
air navigation on its behalf. Details of the meteo-
rological authority so designated shall be included
in the State aeronautical information publication, in
accordance with Annex 15, Chapter 5.
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2.1.5 Each Contracting State shall ensure that
the designated meteorological authority complies
with the requirements of the World Meteorological
Organization in respect of qualifications and training
of meteorological personnel providing services for
international air navigation.
2.2 SUPPLY, USE AND
QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF
METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
2.2.1 Close liaison shall be maintained between
those concerned with the supply and those con-
cerned with the use of meteorological information on
matters which affect the provision of meteorological
service for international air navigation.
2.2.2 Each Contracting State should ensure
that the designated meteorological authority referred
to in 2.1.4 establishes and implements a properly
organized quality system comprising procedures,
processes and resources necessary to provide for
the quality management of the meteorological infor-
mation to be supplied to users listed in 2.1.2.
2.2.3 Recommendation – The quality sys-
tem established in accordance with 2.2.2 should
be in conformity with the International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series of quality
assurance standards, and certified by an approved
organization.
NOTE: The ISO 9000 series of quality assurance
standards provide a basic framework for the develop-
ment of a quality assurance programme. The details
of a successful programme are to be formulated by
each State and in most cases are unique to the State
organization. Guidance on the establishment and
implementation of a quality system is given in the
Manual on the Quality Management System for the
provision of Meteorological Service to International
Air Navigation (Doc 9873).
2.2.4 Recommendation – The quality system
should provide the users with assurance that the
meteorological information supplied complies with
the stated requirements in terms of the geographical
and spatial coverage, format and content, time and
frequency of issuance and period of validity, as well
as the accuracy of measurements, observations and
forecasts. Where the quality system indicates that
the meteorological information to be supplied to the
users does not comply with the stated requirements,
and automatic error correction procedures are not
appropriate, such information should not be supplied
to the users unless it is validated with the originator.
NOTE: Requirements concerning the geographical
and spatial coverage, format and content, time and
frequency of issuance and period of validity of mete-
orological information to be supplied to aeronautical
users are given in Chapters 3, 4, 6 to 10 and Appen-
dices 2, 3, 5 to 9 of Annex 3 and the relevant regional
air navigation plans. Guidance concerning the accu-
racy of measurement and observation, and accuracy
of forecasts is given in Attachments A and B respec-
tively to Annex 3.
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 2 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
2.2.5 Recommendation – In regard to the
exchange of meteorological information for opera-
tional purposes, the quality system should include
verification and validation procedures and resources
for monitoring adherence to the prescribed trans-
mission schedules for individual messages and/or
bulletins required to be exchanged, and at the times
of their filing for transmission. The quality system
should be capable of detecting excessive transit
times of messages and bulletins received.
NOTE: Requirements concerning the exchange of
operational meteorological information are given in
Chapter 11 and Appendix 10 (not published herein)
of Annex 3.
2.2.6 Demonstration of compliance of the qual-
ity system applied should be by audit. If non-confor-
mity of the system is identified, action should be ini-
tiated to determine and correct the cause. All audit
observations should be evidenced and properly doc-
umented.
2.2.7 Owing to the variability of meteorological
elements in space and time, to limitations of observ-
ing techniques and to limitations caused by the defi-
nitions of some of the elements, the specific value of
any of the elements given in a report shall be under-
stood by the recipient to be the best approximation of
the actual conditions at the time of observation.
NOTE: Guidance on the operationally desirable
accuracy of measurement or observation is given in
Attachment A.
2.2.8 Owing to the variability of meteorological
elements in space and time, to limitations of forecast-
ing techniques and to limitations caused by the def-
initions of some of the elements, the specific value
of any of the elements given in a forecast shall be
understood by the recipient to be the most probable
value which the element is likely to assume during
the period of the forecast. Similarly, when the time
of occurrence or change of an element is given in a
forecast, this time shall be understood to be the most
probable time.
NOTE: Guidance on the operationally desirable accu-
racy of forecasts is given in Attachment B.
2.2.9 The meteorological information supplied
to the users listed in 2.1.2 shall be consistent with
Human Factors principles and shall be in forms which
require a minimum of interpretation by these users,
as specified in the following chapters.
NOTE: Guidance material on the application of
Human Factors principles can be found in the
Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
2.3 NOTIFICATIONS REQUIRED
FROM OPERATORS
2.3.1 An operator requiring meteorological ser-
vice or changes in existing meteorological service
shall notify, sufficiently in advance, the meteorologi-
cal authority or the aerodrome meteorological office
concerned.
2.3.2 The meteorological authority shall be noti-
fied by the operator requiring service when:
a. new routes or new types of operations are
planned;
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21 DEC 18
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b. changes of a lasting character are to be made
in scheduled operations; and
c. other changes, affecting the provision of meteo-
rological service, are planned.
Such information shall contain all details necessary
for the planning of appropriate arrangements by the
meteorological authority.
2.3.3 The operator or a flight crew member shall
ensure that, where required by the meteorological
authority in consultation with users, the aerodrome
meteorological office concerned, is notified:
a. of flight schedules;
b. when non-scheduled flights are to be operated;
c. when flights are delayed, advanced or can-
celled.
2.3.4 Recommendation – The notification
to the aerodrome meteorological office of individual
flights should contain the following information except
that, in the case of scheduled flights, the requirement
for some or all of this information may be waived as
agreed between the aerodrome meteorological office
and the operator concerned:
a. aerodrome of departure and estimated time of
departure;
b. destination and estimated time of arrival;
c. route to be flown and estimated times of arrival
at, and departure from, any intermediate aero-
drome(s);
d. alternate aerodromes needed to complete the
operational flight plan and taken from the rele-
vant list contained in the regional air navigation
plan;
e. cruising level;
f. type of flight, whether under visual or instrument
flight rules;
g. type of meteorological information requested for
a flight crew member, whether flight documen-
tation and/or briefing or consultation; and
h. time(s) at which briefing, consultation and/or
flight documentation are required.
CHAPTER 3 – GLOBAL SYSTEMS,
SUPPORTING CENTERS AND
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 2.
3.1 WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM
The objective of the world area forecast system
shall be to supply meteorological authorities and
other users with global aeronautical meteorological
en-route forecasts in digital form. This objective shall
be achieved through a comprehensive, integrated,
worldwide and, as far as practicable, uniform system,
and in a cost-effective manner, taking full advantage
of evolving technologies.
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 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
3.2 WORLD AREA FORECAST
CENTERS
3.2.1 A Contracting State, having accepted the
responsibility for providing a WAFC within the frame-
work of the world area forecast system, shall arrange
for that center:
a. to prepare gridded global forecasts of:
1. upper wind;
2. upper-air temperature and humidity;
3. geopotential altitude of flight levels;
4. flight level and temperature of tropopause;
5. direction, speed and flight level of maxi-
mum wind;
6. cumulonimbus clouds;
7. icing; and
8. turbulence;
b. to prepare global forecasts of significant weather
(SIGWX) phenomena;
c. to issue the forecasts referred to in a) and b)
in digital form to meteorological authorities and
other users, as approved by the Contracting
State on advice from the meteorological author-
ity;
d. to receive information concerning the release
of radioactive materials into the atmosphere,
from its associated WMO Regional Specialized
Meteorological Center (RSMC) for the provision
of transport model products for radiological
environmental emergency response, in order to
include the information in SIGWX forecasts; and
e. to establish and maintain contact with VAACs for
the exchange of information on volcanic activity
in order to coordinate the inclusion of informa-
tion on volcanic eruptions in SIGWX forecasts.
3.2.2 In case of interruption of the operation of
a WAFC, its functions should be carried out by the
other WAFC.
NOTE: Back-up procedures to be used in case of
interruption of the operation of a WAFC are updated
by the Meteorology Panel (METP) as necessary; the
latest revision can be found on the ICAO METP web-
site.
3.3 AERODROME METEOROLOGICAL
OFFICES
3.3.1 Each Contracting State shall establish
one or more aerodrome and/or meteorological office
which shall be adequate for the provision of mete-
orological service required to satisfy the needs of
international air navigation.
3.3.2 An aerodrome meteorological office shall
carry out all or some of the following functions as
necessary to meet the needs of flight operations at
the aerodrome:
a. prepare and/or obtain forecasts and other rele-
vant information for flights with which it is con-
cerned; the extent of its responsibilities to pre-
pare forecasts shall be related to the local avail-
ability and use of en-route and aerodrome fore-
cast material received from other offices;
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b. prepare and/or forecasts of local meteorological
conditions;
c. maintain a continuous survey of meteorological
conditions over the aerodromes for which it is
designated to prepare forecasts;
d. provide briefing, consultation and flight docu-
mentation to flight crew members and/or flight
operations personnel;
e. supply other meteorological information to aero-
nautical users;
f. display the available meteorological information;
g. exchange meteorological information with other
meteorological offices; and
h. supply information received on pre-eruption vol-
canic activity, a volcanic eruption or volcanic
ash cloud, to its associated air traffic services
unit, aeronautical information service unit and
meteorically watch office as agreed between the
meteorological, aeronautical information service
and ATS authorities concerned.
3.3.3 The aerodromes for which landing fore-
casts are required shall be determined by regional air
navigation agreement.
3.3.4 For an aerodrome without aerodrome
meteorological office located at the aerodrome:
a. the meteorological authority concerned shall
designate one or more aerodrome meteorolog-
ical office(s) to supply meteorological informa-
tion as required;
b. the competent authorities shall establish means
by which such information can be supplied to the
aerodromes concerned.
3.4 METEOROLOGICAL WATCH
OFFICES
3.4.1 A Contracting State, having accepted the
responsibility for providing air traffic services within a
flight information region (FIR) or a control area (CTA),
shall establish, in accordance with regional air navi-
gation agreement, one or more MWOs, or arrange for
another Contracting State to do so.
3.4.2 An MWO shall:
a. maintain continuous watch over meteorological
conditions affecting flight operations within its
area of responsibility;
b. prepare SIGMET and other information relating
to its area of responsibility;
c. supply SIGMET information and, as required,
other meteorological information to associated
air traffic services units;
d. disseminate SIGMET information;
e. when required by regional air navigation agree-
ment, in accordance with 7.2.1:
1. prepare AIRMET information related to its
area of responsibility;
2. supply AIRMET information to associated
air traffic services units; and
3. disseminate AIRMET information.
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 4 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
f. supply information received on pre-eruption vol-
canic activity, a volcanic eruption and volcanic
ash cloud for which a SIGMET has not already
been issued, to its associated area control
center (ACC)/flight information center (FIC), as
agreed between the meteorological and ATS
authorities concerned, and to its associated
VAAC as determined by regional air navigation
agreement; and
g. supply information received concerning release
of radioactive materials into the atmosphere,
in the area for which it maintains watch or
adjacent areas, to its associated ACC/FIC, as
agreed between the meteorological and ATS
authorities concerned, and to aeronautical infor-
mation service units, as agreed between the
meteorological and appropriate civil aviation
authorities concerned. The information shall
comprise location, date and time of the release,
and forecast trajectories of the radioactive mate-
rials.
NOTE: The information is provided by RSMCs for the
provision of transport model products for radiological
environmental emergency response, at the request
of the delegated authority of the State in which the
radioactive material was released into the atmos-
phere, or the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA). The information is sent by the RSMC to a
single contact point of the national meteorological
service in each State. This contact point has the
responsibility of redistributing the RSMC products
within the State concerned. Furthermore, the infor-
mation is provided by IAEA to RSMC co-located
with VAAC London (designated as the focal point)
which in turn notifies the ACCs concerned about the
release.
3.4.3 Recommendation – The boundaries of
the area over which meteorological watch is to be
maintained by an MWO should be coincident with the
boundaries of an FIR or a CTA or a combination of
FIRs and/or CTAs.
3.5 VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY
CENTERS
3.5.1 A Contracting State, having accepted the
responsibility for providing a VAAC within the frame-
work of the international airways volcano watch, shall
arrange for that center to respond to a notification that
a volcano has erupted, or is expected to erupt or vol-
canic ash is reported in its area of responsibility, by:
a. monitoring relevant geostationary and
polar-orbiting satellite data and, where avail-
able, relevant ground-based and airborne data,
to detect existence and extent of volcanic ash
in the atmosphere in the are concerned;
NOTE: Relevant ground-based and airborne
data include data derived from Doppler weather
radar, ceilometers, lidar and passive infrared
sensors.
b. activating the volcanic ash numerical trajectory/
dispersion model in order to forecast the move-
ment of any ash ‘cloud’ which has been detected
or reported;
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21 DEC 18
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NOTE: The numerical model may be its own or,
by agreement, that of another VAAC.
c. issuing advisory information regarding the
extent and forecast movement of the volcanic
ash ‘cloud’ to:
1. MWOs, ACCs and FICs serving FIRs in
its area of responsibility which may be
affected;
2. other VAACs whose areas of responsibility
may be affected;
3. WAFCs, international OPMET databanks,
international NOTAM offices, and cen-
ters designated by regional air navigation
agreement for the operation of aeronauti-
cal fixed service Internet-based services;
and
4. airlines requiring the advisory information
through the AFTN address provided specif-
ically for this purpose; and
NOTE: The AFTN address to be used by
the VAACs is given in the Handbook on
the International Airways Volcano Watch
(IAVW) — Operational Procedures and
Contact List (Doc 9766) which is available
on the ICAO website.
d. issuing updated advisory information to the
MWOs, ACCs, FICs and VAACs referred to in
c). as necessary, but at least six hours until
such time as:
1. the volcanic ash “cloud” is no longer iden-
tifiable from satellite data and, where avail-
able, ground-based and airborne data;
2. no further reports of volcanic ash are
received from the area; and
3. no further eruptions of the volcano are
reported.
3.5.2 VAACs shall maintain a 24-hour watch.
3.5.3 In case of interruption of the operation of
a VAAC, its functions shall be carried out by another
VAAC or another meteorological center, as desig-
nated by the VAAC Provider State concerned.
NOTE: Back-up procedures to be used in case of
interruption of the operation of a VAAC are included
in Doc 9766.
3.6 STATE VOLCANO OBSERVATORIES
Contracting States with active or potentially active vol-
canoes shall arrange that State volcano observato-
ries monitor these volcanoes and when observing:
a. significant pre-eruption volcanic activity, or a
cessation thereof;
b. a volcanic eruption, or a cessation thereof;
and/or
c. volcanic ash in the atmosphere
shall send this information as quickly as practicable
to their associated ACC/FIC, MWO and VAAC.
NOTE 1: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this con-
text means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activ-
ity which could presage a volcanic eruption.
NOTE 2: Doc 9766 contains guidance material about
active and potentially active volcanoes.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
3.7 TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY
CENTERS
A Contracting State having accepted, by regional air
navigation agreement, the responsibility for providing
a TCAC shall arrange for that center to:
a. monitor the development of tropical cyclones
in its area of responsibility, using geostationary
and polar-orbiting satellite data, radar data and
other meteorological information;
b. issue advisory information concerning the posi-
tion of the cyclone center, its direction and speed
of movement, central pressure and maximum
surface wind near the center, in abbreviated
plain language to:
1. MWOs in its area of responsibility;
2. other TCACs whose area of responsibility
may be affected; and
3. WAFCs, international OPMET databanks,
and centers designated by regional air nav-
igation agreement for the operation of aero-
nautical fixed service Internet-based ser-
vices; and
c. issue updated advisory information to MWOs for
each tropical cyclone, as necessary, but at least
every 6 hours.
3.8 SPACE WEATHER CENTERS
3.8.1 A contracting State, having accepted the
responsibility for providing a space weather center
(SWXC), shall arrange for that center to monitor and
provide advisory information on space weather phe-
nomena in its area of responsibility by arranging for
that center to:
a. monitor relevant ground-based, airborne and
space-based observations to detect, and predict
when possible, the existence of space weather
phenomena that have an impact in the following
areas:
1. high frequency (HF) radio communica-
tions;
2. communications via satellite;
3. GNSS-based navigation and surveillance;
and
4. radiation exposure at flight levels;
b. issue advisory information regarding the extent,
severity and duration of the space weather phe-
nomena that have an impact referred to in a);
c. supply the advisory information referred to in b)
to:
1. area control centres, flight information cen-
ters and aerodrome meteorological offices
in its area of responsibility which may be
affected;
2. other SWXCs; and
3. international OPMET databanks, interna-
tional NOTAM offices and aeronautical
fixed service Internet-based services.
3.8.2 SWXC shall maintain a 24-hour watch.
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5
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3.8.3 In case of interruption of the operation of
a SWXC, its functions shall be carried out by another
SWXC or another center, as designated by the SWXC
Provider State concerned.
NOTE: Guidance on the provision of space weather
advisory information, including the lCAO-designated
provider(s) of space weather advisory information, is
provided in the Manual on Space Weather Informa-
tion in Support of International Air Navigation (Doc
10100).
CHAPTER 4 – METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 3.
4.1 AERONAUTICAL
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS
AND OBSERVATIONS
4.1.1 Each Contracting State shall establish, at
aerodromes in its territory; such aeronautical mete-
orological stations as it determines to be necessary.
An aeronautical meteorological station may be a sep-
arate station or may be combined with a synoptic sta-
tion.
NOTE: Aeronautical meteorological stations may
include sensors installed outside the aerodrome,
where considered justified, by the meteorological
authority to ensure the compliance of meteorologi-
cal service for international air navigation with the
provisions of Annex 3.
4.1.2 Recommendation – Each Contracting
State should establish, or arrange for the estab-
lishment of, aeronautical meteorological stations
on off-shore structures or at other points of signifi-
cance in support of helicopter operations to off-shore
structures, if required by regional air navigation
agreement.
4.1.3 Aeronautical meteorological stations
shall make routine observations at fixed intervals.
At aerodromes, the routine observations shall be
supplemented by special observations whenever
specified changes occur in respect of surface wind,
visibility, runway visual range, present weather,
clouds and/or air temperature.
4.1.4 Each Contracting State should arrange
for its aeronautical meteorological stations to be
inspected at sufficiently frequent intervals to ensure
that a high standard of observations is maintained,
that instruments and all their indicators are function-
ing correctly, and that the exposure of the instruments
has not changed significantly.
NOTE: Guidance on the inspection of aeronautical
meteorological stations including the frequency of
inspections is given in the Manual on Automatic
Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes
(Doc 9837).
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 6 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
4.1.5 At aerodromes, with runways intended for
Category II and III instrument approach and landing
operations, automated equipment for measuring
or assessing, as appropriate, and for monitoring
and remote indicating of surface wind, visibility,
runway visual range, height of cloud base, air and
dew-point temperatures and atmospheric pressure
shall be installed to support approach and landing
and take-off operations. These devices shall be inte-
grated automatic systems for acquisition, processing,
dissemination and display in real time of the mete-
orological parameters affecting landing and take-off
operations. The design of integrated automatic sys-
tems shall observe human factors principles and
include back-up procedures.
NOTE 1: Categories of precision approach and land-
ing operations are defined in Annex 6, Part I.
NOTE 2: Guidance material on the application of
human factors principles can be found in the Human
Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
4.1.6 Recommendation – At aerodromes, with
runways intended for Category I instrument approach
and landing operations, automated equipment for
measuring or assessing, as appropriate, and for
monitoring and remote indicating of surface wind,
visibility, runway visual range, height of cloud base,
air and dew-point temperatures and atmospheric
pressure should be installed to support approach
and landing and take-off operations. These devices
should be integrated automatic systems for acquisi-
tion, processing, dissemination and display in real
time of the meteorological parameters affecting land-
ing and take-off operations. The design of integrated
automatic systems should observe human factors
principles and include back-up procedures.
4.1.7 Recommendation – Where an integrated
semi-automatic system is used for the dissemina-
tion/display of meteorological information, it should
be capable of accepting the manual insertion of data
covering those meteorological elements which can-
not be observed by automatic means.
4.1.8 The observations shall form the basis for
the preparation of reports to be disseminated at the
aerodrome of origin and for reports to be dissemi-
nated beyond the aerodrome of origin.
4.2 AGREEMENT BETWEEN
METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITIES
AND AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES
AUTHORITIES
Recommendation – An agreement between the
meteorological authority and the appropriate ATS
authority should be established to cover, among
other things:
a. the provision in air traffic services units of dis-
plays related to integrated automatic systems;
b. the calibration and maintenance of these dis-
plays/instruments;
c. the use to be made of the displays/instruments
by air traffic services personnel;
d. as and where necessary, supplementary visual
observations (e.g. of meteorological phenom-
ena of operational significance in the climb-out
q$z
21 DEC 18
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and approach areas) if and when made by air
traffic services personnel to update or supple-
ment the information supplied by the meteoro-
logical station;
e. meteorological information obtained from air-
craft taking off or landing (e.g. on wind shear);
and
f. if available, meteorological information obtained
from ground weather radar.
NOTE: Guidance on the subject of coordination
between ATS and meteorological services is con-
tained in the Manual on Coordination between Air
Traffic services, Aeronautical Information Services
and Aeronautical Meteorological Services (Doc
9377).
4.3 ROUTINE OBSERVATIONS
AND REPORTS
4.3.1 At aerodromes, routine observations shall
be made throughout the 24 hours each day, except
as otherwise agreed between the meteorological
authority, the appropriate ATS authority and the
operator concerned. Such observations shall be
made at intervals of one hour or, if so determined
by regional air navigation agreement, at intervals of
one half-hour. At other aeronautical meteorological
stations, such observations shall be made as deter-
mined by the meteorological authority taking into
account the requirements of air traffic services units
and aircraft operations.
4.3.2 Reports of routine observations shall be
issued as:
a. local routine reports only for dissemination at the
aerodrome of origin (intended for arriving and
departing aircraft); and
b. METAR for dissemination beyond the aero-
drome of origin (mainly intended for flight plan-
ning, VOLMET broadcasts and D-VOLMET).
NOTE: Meteorological information used in ATIS
(voice-ATIS and D-ATIS) is to be extracted from the
local routine report, in accordance with Annex 11,
4.3.6.1 g).
4.3.3 At aerodromes that are not operational
throughout 24 hours in accordance with 4.3.1,
METAR shall be issued prior to the aerodrome
resuming operations in accordance with regional air
navigation agreement.
4.4 SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS AND
REPORTS
4.4.1 A list of criteria for special observations
shall be established by the meteorological author-
ity, in consultation with the appropriate ATS authority,
operators and others concerned.
4.4.2 Reports of special observations shall be
issued as:
a. local special reports, only for dissemination at
the aerodrome of origin (intended for arriving
and departing aircraft); and
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
b. SPECI for dissemination beyond the aerodrome
of origin (mainly intended for flight planning,
VOLMET broadcasts and D-VOLMET) unless
METAR are issued at half-hourly intervals.
NOTE: Meteorological information used in ATIS
(voice-ATIS and D-ATIS) is to be extracted from the
local special report, in accordance with Annex 11,
4.3.6.1 g).
4.4.3 At aerodromes that are operational
throughout 24 hours in accordance with 4.3.1, fol-
lowing the resumption of the issuance of METAR,
SPECI shall be issued, as necessary.
4.5 CONTENTS OF REPORTS
4.5.1 Local routine, local special reports,
METAR and SPECI shall contain the following
elements in the order indicated:
a. identification of the type of report;
b. location indicator;
c. time of the observation;
d. identification of an automated or missing report,
when applicable;
e. surface wind direction and speed;
f. visibility;
g. runway visual range, when applicable;
h. present weather;
i. cloud amount, cloud type (only for cumulonim-
bus and towering cumulus clouds) and height of
cloud base or, where measured, vertical visibil-
ity;
j. air temperature and dew-point temperature; and
k. QNH and, when applicable, QFE (QFE included
only in local routine and special reports).
NOTE: The location indicators referred to under b.
and their significations are published in Location Indi-
cators Doc 7910).
4.5.2 Recommendation – In addition to ele-
ments listed under 4.5.1 a) to k) local routine and
special reports and METAR and SPECI should con-
tain supplementary information to be placed after
element k).
4.5.3 Optional elements included under supple-
mentary information shall be included in METAR and
SPECI in accordance with regional air navigation
agreement.
4.6 OBSERVING AND REPORTING
METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS
4.6.1 Surface Wind
4.6.1.1 The mean direction and the mean
speed of the surface wind shall be measured, as well
as significant variations of wind direction and speed,
and reported in degrees true and meters per second
(or knots), respectively.
4.6.1.2 Recommendation – When local rou-
tine and special reports are used for departing air-
craft, the surface wind observations for these reports
should be representative of conditions along the run-
way; when local routine and special reports are used
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7
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for arriving aircraft, the surface wind observations for
these reports should be representative of the touch-
down zone.
4.6.1.3 Recommendation – For METAR and
SPECI, the surface wind observations should be
representative of conditions above the whole runway
where there is only one runway and the whole run-
way complex where there is more than one runway.
4.6.2 Visibility
4.6.2.1 The visibility as defined in Chapter
1 shall be measured or observed, and reported in
meters or kilometers.
4.6.2.2 Recommendation – When local
routine and special reports are used for departing
aircraft, the visibility observations for these reports
should be representative of conditions along the
runway; when local routine and special reports are
used for arriving aircraft, the visibility observations
for these reports should be representative of the
touchdown zone of the runway.
4.6.2.3 Recommendation – For METAR and
SPECI the visibility observations should be represen-
tative of the aerodrome.
4.6.3 Runway Visual Range
NOTE: Guidance on the subject of runway visual
range is contained in the Manual of Runway Visual
Range Observing and Reporting Practices (Doc
9328).
4.6.3.1 Runway visual range as defined in
Chapter 1 shall be assessed on all runways intended
for Category II and III instrument approach and land-
ing operations.
4.6.3.2 Recommendation – Runway visual
range as defined in Chapter 1 should be assessed
on all runways intended for use during periods of
reduced visibility, including:
a. precision approach runways intended for Cate-
gory I instrument approach and landing opera-
tions; and
b. runways used for take-off and having high-inten-
sity edge lights and/or center line lights.
NOTE: Precision approach runways are defined in
Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 1, under ‘Instrument
runway’.
4.6.3.3 The runway visual range, assessed
in accordance with 4.6.3.1 and 4.6.3.2, shall be
reported in meters throughout periods when either
the visibility or the runway visual range is less than
1500m.
4.6.3.4 Runway visual range assessments
shall be representative of:
a. the touchdown zone of the runway intended
for non-precision or Category I instrument
approach and landings operations;
b. the touchdown zone and the mid-point of the
runway intended for Category II instrument
approach and landing operations; and
c. the touchdown zone, the mid-point and stop-end
of the runway intended for Category III instru-
ment approach and landing operations.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 8 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
4.6.3.5 The units providing air traffic ser-
vice and aeronautical information service for an
aerodrome shall be kept informed without delay of
changes in the serviceability status of the automated
equipment used for assessing runway visual range.
4.6.4 Present Weather
4.6.4.1 The present weather occurring at the
aerodrome vicinity shall be observed and reported as
necessary. The following present weather phenom-
ena shall be identified, as a minimum: rain, dizzle,
snow and freezing precipitation (including intensity
thereof), haze, mist, fog, freezing fog and thunder-
storms (including thunderstorms in the vicinity).
4.6.4.2 Recommendation – For local routine
and special reports, the present weather information
should be representative of conditions at the aero-
drome.
4.6.4.3 Recommendation – For METAR and
SPECl, the present weather information should be
representative of conditions at the aerodrome and, for
certain specified present weather phenomena, in its
vicinity.
4.6.5 Clouds
4.6.5.1 Cloud amount, cloud type and height
of cloud base shall be observed, and reported as nec-
essary to describe the clouds of operational signif-
icance. When the sky is obscured, vertical visibility
shall be observed and reported, where measured, in
lieu of cloud amount, cloud type and height of cloud
base. The height of cloud base and vertical visibility
shall be reported in meters (or feet).
4.6.5.2 Recommendation – Cloud observa-
tions for local routine and special reports should be
representative of the runway threshold(s) in use.
4.6.5.3 Recommendation – Cloud observa-
tions for METAR and SPECI should be representative
of the aerodrome and its vicinity.
4.6.6 Air Temperature and Dew-Point
Temperature
4.6.6.1 The air temperature and the dew-point
temperature shall be measured and reported in
degrees Celsius.
4.6.6.2 Recommendation – Observation of
air temperature and dew-point temperature for local
routine and special reports and METAR and SPECI
should be representative for the whole runway com-
plex.
4.6.7 Atmospheric Pressure
The atmospheric pressure shall be measured,
and QNH and QFE values shall be computed and
reported in hectopascals.
4.6.8 Supplementary Information
Recommendation – Observations made at aero-
dromes should include the available supplementary
information concerning significant meteorological
conditions, particularly those in the approach and
climb-out areas. Where practicable, the information
should identify the location of the meteorological
condition.
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21 DEC 18
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4.7 REPORTING METEOROLOGICAL
INFORMATION FROM AUTOMATIC
OBSERVING SYSTEMS
4.7.1 Recommendation – METAR and SPECI
from automatic observing systems should be used by
States in a position to do so during non-operational
hours of the aerodrome, and during operational hours
of the aerodrome as determined by the meteorologi-
cal authority in consultation with users based on the
availability and efficient use of personnel.
NOTE: Guidance on the use of automatic meteoro-
logical observing systems is given in Doc 9837.
4.7.2 Recommendation – Local routine and
special reports from automatic systems should be
used by States in a position to do so during opera-
tional hours of the aerodrome as determined by the
meteorological authority in consultation with users
based on the availability and efficient use of person-
nel.
4.7.3 Local routine and special reports and
METAR and SPECI from automatic observing sys-
tems shall be identified with the word "AUTO".
4.8 OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS
OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Recommendation – The occurrence of pre-eruption
volcanic activity, volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash
cloud should be reported without delay to the associ-
ated air traffic services unit, aeronautical information
services unit and meteorological watch office. The
report should be made in the form of a volcanic activ-
ity report comprising the following information in the
order indicated:
a. message type, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORT;
b. station identifier, location indicator or name of
station;
c. date/time of message;
d. location of volcano and name, if known; and
e. concise description of event including, as appro-
priate, level of intensity of volcanic activity,
occurrence of an eruption and its date and time
and the existence of a volcanic ash cloud in
the area together with direction of ash cloud
movement and height.
NOTE: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context
means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity
which could presage a volcanic eruption.
CHAPTER 5 – AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 4.
5.1 OBLIGATIONS OF STATES
Each Contracting State shall arrange, according to
the provisions of this chapter, for observations to be
made by aircraft of its registry operating on interna-
tional air routes and for the recording and reporting of
these observations.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
5.2 TYPES OF AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS
The following aircraft observations shall be made:
a. routine aircraft observations during en-route and
climb-out phases of the flight; and
b. special and other non-routine aircraft observa-
tions during any phase of the flight.
5.3 ROUTINE AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS – DESIGNATION
5.3.1 Recommendation – When air-ground
data link is used and ADS-C or SSR Mode S is being
applied, automated routine observations should be
made every 15 minutes during the en-route phase
and every 30 seconds during climb-out phase for the
first 10 minutes of the flight.
5.3.2 Recommendation – For helicopter oper-
ations to and from aerodromes on off-shore struc-
tures, routine observations should be made from heli-
copters at points and times as agreed between the
meteorological authorities and the helicopter opera-
tors concerned.
5.3.3 In the case of air routes with high density
traffic (e.g. organized tracks), an aircraft from among
the aircraft operating at each flight level shall be des-
ignated, at approximately hourly intervals, to make
routine observations in accordance with 5.3.1. The
designation procedures shall be subject to regional
air navigation agreement.
5.3.4 In the case of the requirement to report
during the climb-out phase, an aircraft shall be des-
ignated, at approximately hourly intervals, at each
aerodrome to make routine observations in accor-
dance with 5.3.1.
5.4 ROUTINE AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS – EXEMPTIONS
Aircraft not equipped with air-ground data link shall be
exempted from making routine aircraft observations.
5.5 SPECIAL AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS
Special observations shall be made by all aircraft
whenever the following conditions are encountered or
observed:
a. moderate or severe turbulence; or
b. moderate or severe icing; or
c. severe mountain wave; or
d. thunderstorms, without hail, that are obscured,
embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
e. thunderstorms, with hail, that are obscured,
embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or
f. heavy duststorm or heavy sandstorm; or
g. volcanic ash cloud; or
h. pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic erup-
tion.
NOTE: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this con-
text means unusual and/or increasing volcanic
activity which could presage a volcanic eruption.
i. as of 5 November 2020, runway braking action
encountered is not as good as reported.
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5.6 OTHER NON-ROUTINE AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS
When other meteorological conditions not listed
under 5.5, e.g. wind shear, are encountered and
which, in the opinion of the pilot-in-command, may
affect the safety or markedly affect the efficiency of
other aircraft operations, the pilot-in-command shall
advise the appropriate air traffic services unit as
soon as practicable.
NOTE: Icing, turbulence and, to a large extent, wind
shear, are elements which, for the time being, cannot
be satisfactorily observed from the ground and for
which in most cases aircraft observations represent
the only available evidence.
5.7 REPORTING OF AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS DURING FLIGHT
5.7.1 Aircraft observations shall be reported
by air-ground data link. Where air-ground data link
is not available or appropriate, special and other
non-routine aircraft observations during flight shall
be reported by voice communications.
5.7.2 Aircraft observations shall be reported
during flight at the time the observation is made or
as soon thereafter as is practicable.
5.7.3 Aircraft observations shall be reported as
air-reports.
5.8 RELAY OF AIR-REPORTS BY AIR
TRAFFIC SERVICES UNITS
The meteorological authority concerned shall make
arrangements with the appropriate ATS authority to
ensure that, on receipt by the ATS units of:
a. special air-reports by voice communications,
the ATS units relay them without delay to their
associated meteorological watch office; and
b. routine and special air-reports by data link com-
munications, the ATS units relay them without
delay to their associated meteorological watch
office, the WAFCs and the centers designated
by regional air navigation agreement for the
operation of aeronautical fixed service Inter-
net-based services.
5.9 RECORDING AND POST-FLIGHT
REPORTING OF AIRCRAFT
OBSERVATIONS OF VOLCANIC
ACTIVITY
Special aircraft observations of pre-eruption volcanic
activity, a volcanic eruption or volcanic ash cloud shall
be recorded on the special air-report of volcanic activ-
ity form. A copy of the form shall be included with
the flight documentation provided to flights operating
on routes which, in the opinion of the meteorologi-
cal authority concerned, could be affected by volcanic
ash clouds.
CHAPTER 6 – FORECASTS
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 5.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 10 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
6.1 USE OF FORECASTS
The issue of a new forecast by an aerodrome mete-
orological office, such as a routine aerodrome fore-
cast, shall be understood to cancel automatically any
forecast of the same type previously issued for the
same place and for the same period of validity or part
thereof.
6.2 AERODROME FORECASTS
6.2.1 An aerodrome forecast shall be prepared,
on the basis of regional air navigation agreement, by
the aerodrome meteorological office designated by
the meteorological authority concerned.
NOTE: The aerodromes for which aerodrome fore-
casts are to be prepared and the period of validity of
these forecasts are listed in the relevant facilities and
services implementation document (FASID).
6.2.2 An aerodrome forecast shall be issued at
a specified time not earlier than 1 hour prior to the
beginning of its validity period and consist of a con-
cise statement of the expected meteorological condi-
tions at an aerodrome for a specified period.
6.2.3 Aerodrome forecasts and amendments
thereto shall be issued as TAF and include the fol-
lowing information in the order indicated:
a. identification of the type of forecast;
b. location indicator;
c. time of issue of forecast;
d. identification of a missing forecast, when appli-
cable;
e. date and period of validity of forecast;
f. identification of a cancelled forecast, when appli-
cable;
g. surface wind;
h. visibility;
i. weather;
j. cloud; and
k. expect significant changes to one or more of
these elements during the period of validity.
Optional elements shall be included in TAF in accor-
dance with regional air navigation agreement.
NOTE: The visibility included in TAF refers to the fore-
cast prevailing visibility.
6.2.4 Aerodrome meteorological offices prepar-
ing TAF shall keep the forecasts under continuous
review and, when necessary, shall issue amend-
ments promptly. The length of the forecast messages
and the number of changes indicated in the forecast
shall be kept to a minimum.
NOTE: Guidance on methods to keep TAF under con-
tinuous review is given in Chapter 3 of the Manual of
Aeronautical Meteorological Practice (Doc 8896).
6.2.5 TAF that cannot be kept under continuous
review shall be cancelled.
6.2.6 Recommendation – The period of valid-
ity of routine TAF should be not less than 6 hours
nor more than 30 hours; this period of validity should
be determined by regional air navigation agreement.
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21 DEC 18
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Routine TAF valid for less than 12 hours should be
issued every 3 hours and those valid for 12 to 30
hours should be issued every 6 hours.
6.2.7 When issuing TAF, aerodrome meteoro-
logical offices shall ensure that not more than one
TAF is valid at an aerodrome at any given time.
6.3 LANDING FORECASTS
6.3.1 A landing forecast shall be prepared by
the aerodrome meteorological office designated by
the meteorological authority concerned as deter-
mined by regional air navigation agreement; such
forecasts are intended to meet requirements of local
users and of aircraft within about one hour’s flying
time from the aerodrome.
6.3.2 Landing forecasts shall be prepared in the
form of a trend forecast.
6.3.3 A trend forecast shall consist of a concise
statement of expected significant changes in the
meteorological conditions at that aerodrome to be
appended to a local routine, local special report,
METAR or SPECI. The period of validity of a trend
forecast shall be 2 hours from the time of the report
which forms part of the landing forecast.
6.4 FORECASTS FOR TAKE-OFF
6.4.1 A forecast for take-off shall be prepared
by the aerodrome meteorological office designated
by the meteorological authority concerned as agreed
between the meteorological authority and operators
concerned.
6.4.2 Recommendation – A forecast for
take-off should refer to a specified period of time
and should contain information on expected condi-
tions over the runway complex in regard to surface
wind direction and speed and any variations thereof,
temperature, pressure (QNH), and any other ele-
ments as agreed locally.
6.4.3 Recommendation – A forecast for take-
off should be supplied to operators and flight crew
members on request within the 3 hours before the
expected time of departure.
6.4.4 Recommendation – Aerodrome mete-
orological offices preparing forecasts for take-off
should keep the forecasts under continuous review
and, when necessary, should issue amendments
promptly.
6.5 AREA FORECASTS FOR
LOW-LEVEL FLIGHTS
6.5.1 When the density of traffic operating
below flight level 100 (or up to flight level 150 in
mountainous areas, or higher, where necessary)
warrants the routine issue and dissemination of
area forecasts for such operations, the frequency of
issue, the form and the fixed time or period of validity
of those forecasts and the criteria of amendments
thereto shall be determined by the meteorological
authority in consultation with the users.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
6.5.2 When the density of traffic operating
below flight level 100 warrants the issuance of
AIRMET information in accordance with 7.2.1, area
forecasts for such operations shall be prepared in
a format agreed upon between the meteorological
authorities concerned. When abbreviated plain lan-
guage is used, the forecast shall be prepared as a
GAMET area forecast, employing approved ICAO
abbreviations and numerical values; when chart
form is used, the forecast shall be prepared as a
combination of forecasts of upper wind and upper-air
temperature, and of SIGWX phenomena. The area
forecasts shall be issued to cover the layer between
ground and flight level 100 (or up to flight level 150 in
mountainous areas, or higher, where necessary) and
shall contain information on en-route weather phe-
nomena hazardous to low-level flights, in support of
the issuance of AIRMET information, and additional
information required by low-level flights.
6.5.3 Area forecasts for low-level flights pre-
pared in support of the issuance of AIRMET infor-
mation shall be issued every 6 hours for a validity
of 6 hours and transmitted to meteorological watch
offices and/or aerodrome meteorological offices con-
cerned not later than one hour prior to the beginning
of their validity period.
CHAPTER 7 – SIGMET AND AIRMET
INFORMATION, AERODROME
WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR
WARNINGS AND ALERTS
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 6.
7.1 SIGMET INFORMATION
7.1.1 SIGMET information shall be issued by a
meteorological watch office and shall give a concise
description in abbreviated plain language concerning
the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified
en-route weather and other phenomena in the atmos-
phere that may affect the safety of aircraft operations,
and of the development of those phenomena in time
and space.
7.1.2 SIGMET information shall be cancelled
when the phenomena are no longer occurring or are
no longer expected to occur in the area.
7.1.3 The period of validity of a SIGMET mes-
sage shall be not more than 4 hours. In the special
case of SIGMET messages for volcanic ash cloud
and tropical cyclones, the period of validity shall be
extended up to 6 hours.
7.1.4 Recommendation – SIGMET messages
concerning volcanic ash cloud and tropical cyclones
should be based on advisory information provided
by VAACs and TCACs, respectively, designated by
regional air navigation agreement.
7.1.5 Close coordination shall be maintained
between the meteorological watch office and the
associated area control center/flight information
center to ensure that information on volcanic ash
included in SIGMET and NOTAM messages is con-
sistent.
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7.1.6 SIGMET messages shall be issued not
more than 4 hours before the commencement of the
period of validity. In the special case of SIGMET mes-
sages for volcanic ash cloud and tropical cyclones,
these messages shall be issued as soon as practica-
ble but not more than 12 hours before the commence-
ment of the period of validity. SIGMET messages for
volcanic ash and tropical cyclones shall be updated
at least every 6 hours.
7.2 AIRMET INFORMATION
7.2.1 AIRMET information shall be issued
by a meteorological watch office in accordance
with regional air navigation agreement, taking into
account the density of the air traffic operating below
flight level 100. AIRMET information shall give a
concise description in abbreviated plain language
concerning the occurrence and/or expected occur-
rence of specified en-route weather phenomena,
which have not been included in Section I of the area
forecast for low-level flights issued in accordance
with Chapter 6, section 6.5 and which may affect the
safety of low-level flights, and of the development of
those phenomena in time and space.
7.2.2 AIRMET information shall be cancelled
when the phenomena are no longer occurring or are
no longer expected to occur in the area.
7.2.3 The period of validity of an AIRMET mes-
sage shall be not more than 4 hours.
7.3 AERODROME WARNINGS
7.3.1 Aerodrome warnings shall be issued by
the aerodrome meteorological office designated by
the meteorological authority concerned and shall
give concise information of meteorological conditions
which could adversely affect aircraft on the ground,
including parked aircraft, and the aerodrome facilities
and services.
7.3.2 Recommendation – Aerodrome warn-
ings should be cancelled when the conditions are no
longer occurring and/or no longer expected to occur
at the aerodrome.
7.4 WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND
ALERTS
NOTE: Guidance on the subject is contained in the
Manual on Low-level Wind Shear (Doc 9817). Wind
shear alerts are expected to complement wind shear
warnings and together are intended to enhance situ-
ational awareness of wind shear.
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 12 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
7.4.1 Wind shear warnings shall be prepared
by the aerodrome meteorological office designated
by the meteorological authority concerned for aero-
dromes where wind shear is considered a factor,
in accordance with local arrangements with the
appropriate ATS unit and operators concerned. Wind
shear warnings shall give concise information on the
observed or expected existence of wind shear which
could adversely affect aircraft on the approach path
or take-off path or during circling approach between
runway level and 500m (1600ft) above that level
and aircraft on the runway during the landing roll
or take-off run. Where local topography has been
shown to produce significant wind shears at heights
in excess of 500m (1600ft) above runway level, then
500m (1600ft) shall not be considered restrictive.
7.4.2 Recommendation – Wind shear warn-
ings for arriving aircraft and/or departing aircraft
should be cancelled when aircraft reports indicate
that wind shear no longer exists or, alternatively, after
an agreed elapsed time. The criteria for the cancel-
lation of a wind shear warning should be defined
locally for each aerodrome, as agreed between the
meteorological authority, the appropriate ATS author-
ity and the operators concerned.
7.4.3 At aerodromes where wind shear is
detected by automated, ground-based, wind shear
remote-sensing or detection equipment, wind shear
alerts generated by these systems shall be issued.
Wind shear alerts shall give concise, up-to-date
information related to the observed existence of
wind shear involving a headwind/tailwind change of
7.5m/s (15kt) or more which could adversely affect
aircraft on the final approach path or initial take-off
path and aircraft on the runway during the landing
roll or take-off run.
7.4.4 Recommendation – Wind shear alerts
should be updated at least every minute. The wind
shear alert should be cancelled as soon as the
headwind/tailwind change falls below 7.5m/s (15kt).
CHAPTER 8 – AERONAUTICAL
CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 7.
8.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
NOTE: In cases where it is impracticable to meet the
requirements for aeronautical climatological informa-
tion on a national basis, the collection, processing
and storage of observational data may be affected
through computer facilities available for international
use, and the responsibility for the preparation of
required aeronautical climatological information may
be delegated by agreement between the meteoro-
logical authorities concerned.
8.1.1 Aeronautical climatological information
required for the planning of flight operations shall
be prepared in the form of aerodrome climatological
tables and aerodrome climatological summaries.
Such information shall be supplied to aeronautical
users as agreed between the meteorological author-
ity and the user concerned.
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21 DEC 18
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NOTE: Climatological data required for aerodrome
planning purposes are set out in Annex 14, Volume
I, 3.1.4.
8.1.2 Recommendation – Aeronautical clima-
tological information should normally be based on
observations made over a period of at least 5 years
and the period should be indicated in the information
supplied.
8.1.3 Recommendation – Climatological data
related to sites for new aerodromes and to additional
runways at existing aerodromes should be collected
starting as early as possible before commissioning of
those aerodromes or runways.
8.2 AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL
TABLES
Recommendation – Each Contracting State should
made arrangements for collecting and retaining the
necessary observational data and have the capabil-
ity:
a. to prepare aerodrome climatological tables for
each regular and alternate international aero-
drome within its territory; and
b. to make available such climatological tables to
an aeronautical user within a time period as
agreed between the meteorological authority
and the user concerned.
8.3 AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL
SUMMARIES
Recommendation – Aerodrome climatological sum-
maries should follow the procedures prescribed
by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
Where computer facilities are available to store,
process and retrieve the information, the summaries
should be published, or otherwise made available to
aeronautical users on request. Where such computer
facilities are not available, the summaries should be
prepared using the models specified by WMO, and
should be published and kept up to date as neces-
sary.
8.4 COPIES OF METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONAL DATA
Each meteorological authority, on request and to the
extent practicable, shall make available to any other
meteorological authority, to operators and to others
concerned with the application of meteorology to
international air navigation, meteorological obser-
vational data required for research, investigation or
operational analysis.
CHAPTER 9 – SERVICE FOR
OPERATORS AND FLIGHT
CREW MEMBERS
NOTE: Technical specifications and detailed criteria
related to this Chapter are given in Appendix 8 (not
herein published).
9.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
9.1.1 Meteorological information shall be sup-
plied to operators and flight crew members for:
a. pre-flight planning by operators;
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 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
b. in-flight replanning by operators using central-
ized operational control of flight operations;
c. use by flight crew members before departure;
and
d. aircraft in flight.
9.1.2 Meteorological information supplied to
operators and flight crew members shall cover the
flight in respect of time, altitude and geographical
extent. Accordingly, the information shall relate to
appropriate fixed times, or periods of time, and shall
extent to the aerodrome of intended landing, also
covering the meteorological conditions expected
between the aerodrome of intended landing and
alternate aerodromes designated by the operator.
9.1.3 Meteorological information supplied to
operators and flight crew members shall be up to
date and include the following information, as agreed
between the meteorological authority and the oper-
ators concerned:
a. forecasts of:
1. upper wind and upper-air temperature;
2. upper-air humidity;
3. geopotential altitude of flight levels;
4. flight level and temperature of tropopause;
5. direction, speed and flight level of maxi-
mum wind;
6. SIGWX phenomena; and
7. cumulonimbus clouds, icing and turbu-
lence;
NOTE 1: Forecasts of upper-air humidity and
geopotential altitude of flight levels are used only
in automatic flight planning and need not be dis-
played.
NOTE 2: Forecasts of cumulonimbus clouds,
icing and turbulence are intended to be pro-
cessed and, if necessary, visualized according
to the specific thresholds relevant to user oper-
ations.
b. METAR or SPECI (including trend forecasts as
issued in accordance with regional air naviga-
tion agreement) for the aerodromes of departure
and intended landing, and for take-off, en-route
and destination alternate aerodromes;
c. TAF or amended TAF for the aerodromes of
departure and intended landing, and for take-off,
en-route and destination alternate aerodromes;
d. forecasts for take-off;
e. SIGMET information and appropriate special
air-reports relevant to the whole route;
NOTE: Appropriate special air-reports will be
those not already used in the preparation of SIG-
MET.
f. volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisory infor-
mation relevant to the whole route;
g. as determined by regional air navigation agree-
ment, GAMET area forecast and/or area fore-
casts for low-level flights in chart form prepared
in support of the issuance of AIRMET infor-
mation, and AIRMET information for low-level
flights relevant to the whole route;
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h. aerodrome warnings for the local aerodrome;
i. meteorological satellite images;
j. ground-based weather radar information; and
k. space weather advisory information relevant to
the whole route.
9.1.4 Forecasts listed under 9.1.3 a) shall
be generated from the digital forecasts provided
by the WAFCs whenever these forecasts cover
the intended flight path in respect of time, altitude
and geographical extent, unless otherwise agreed
between the meteorological authority and the opera-
tor concerned.
9.1.5 When forecasts are identified as being
originated by the WAFCs, no modifications shall be
made to their meteorological content.
9.1.6 Charts generated from the digital fore-
casts provided by the WAFCs shall be made avail-
able, as required by operators, for fixed areas of
coverage as shown in Appendix 8, Figures A8-1,
A8-2 and A8-3 (not published herein).
9.1.7 When forecasts of upper wind and upper-
air temperature listed under 9.1.3 a) 1) are supplied in
chart form, they shall be fixed time prognostic charts
for flight levels as specified in Appendix 2, 1.2.2 a).
When forecasts of SIGWX phenomena listed under
9.1.3 a) 6) are supplied in chart form, they shall be
fixed time prognostic charts for an atmospheric layer
limited by flight levels as specified in Appendix 2,
1.3.2 and Appendix 5, 4.3.2.
9.1.8 The forecasts of upper wind and upper-air
temperature and of SIGWX phenomena above flight
level 100 requested for pre-flight planning and in-flight
replanning by the operator shall be supplied as soon
as they become available, but not later than 3 hours
before departure. Other meteorological information
requested for pre-flight planning and in-flight replan-
ning by the operator shall be supplied as soon as is
practicable.
9.1.9 Where necessary, the meteorological
authority of the State providing service for operators
and flight crew members shall initiate coordinating
action with the meteorological authorities of other
States with a view to obtaining from them reports
and/or forecasts required.
9.1.10 Meteorological information shall be sup-
plied to operators and flight crew members at the
location to be determined by the meteorological
authority, after consultation with the operators and at
the time agreed between the aerodrome meteorolog-
ical office and the operator concerned. The service
for pre-flight planning shall be confined to flights orig-
inating within the territory of the State concerned. At
an aerodrome without an aerodrome meteorological
office at the aerodrome, arrangements for the supply
of meteorological information shall be as agreed
upon between the meteorological authority and the
operator concerned.
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 14 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
9.2 BRIEFING, CONSULTATION
AND DISPLAY
NOTE: The requirements for the use of automated
pre-flight information systems in providing briefing,
consultation and display are given in 9.4.
9.2.1 Briefing and/or consultation shall be pro-
vided, on request, to flight crew members and/or
other flight operations personnel. Its purpose shall
be to supply the latest available information on exist-
ing and expected meteorological conditions along
the route to be flown, at the aerodrome of intended
landing, alternate aerodromes and other aerodromes
as relevant, either to explain and amplify the infor-
mation contained in the flight documentation or, if so
agreed between the meteorological authority and the
operator concerned, in lieu of flight documentation.
9.2.2 Meteorological information used for brief-
ing, consultation and display shall include any or all
of the information listed in 9.1.3.
9.2.3 If the aerodrome meteorological office
expresses an opinion on the development of the
meteorological conditions at an aerodrome which
differs appreciably from the aerodrome forecast
included in the flight documentation, the attention
of flight crew members shall be drawn to the diver-
gence. The portion of the briefing dealing with the
divergence shall be recorded at the time of briefing
and this record shall be made available to the oper-
ator.
9.2.4 The required briefing, consultation, dis-
play and/or flight documentation shall normally be
provided by the aerodrome meteorological office
associated with the aerodrome of departure. At an
aerodrome where these services are not available,
arrangements to meet the requirements of flight crew
members shall be as agreed between the meteo-
rological authority and the operator concerned. In
exceptional circumstances, such as an undue delay,
the aerodrome meteorological office associated with
the aerodrome shall provide or, if that is not prac-
ticable, arrange for the provision of a new briefing,
consultation and/or flight documentation as neces-
sary.
9.2.5 Recommendation – The flight crew
member or other flight operations personnel for
whom briefing, consultation and/or flight documenta-
tion has been requested should visit the aerodrome
meteorological office at the time agreed between
the aerodrome meteorological office and the oper-
ator concerned. Where local circumstances at an
aerodrome make personal briefing or consultation
impracticable, the aerodrome meteorological office
should provide those services by telephone or other
suitable telecommunication facilities.
9.3 FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION
NOTE: The requirements for the use of automated
pre-flight information systems in providing flight doc-
umentation are given in 9.4.
9.3.1 Flight documentation to be made available
shall comprise information listed under 9.1.3 a) 1) and
6), b), c), e), f) and, if appropriate, g) and k). However,
flight documentation for flights of two hours’ duration
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21 DEC 18
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or less, after a short stop or turnaround, shall be lim-
ited to the information operationally needed, but in all
cases the flight documentation shall at least comprise
information on 9.1.3 b), c), e), f) and, if appropriate,
g) and k).
9.3.2 Whenever it becomes apparent that the
meteorological information to be included in the flight
documentation will differ materially from that made
available for pre-flight planning and in-flight re-plan-
ning, the operator shall be advised immediately and,
if practicable, be supplied with the revised information
as agreed between the operator and the aerodrome
meteorological office concerned.
9.3.3 Recommendation – In cases where a
need for amendment arises after the flight documen-
tation has been supplied, and before take-off of the
aircraft, the aerodrome meteorological office should,
as agreed locally, issue the necessary amendment or
updated information to the operator or to the local air
traffic services unit, for transmission to the aircraft.
9.3.4 The meteorological authority shall retain
information supplied to flight crew members, either as
printed copies or in computer files, for a period of at
least 30 days from the date of issue. This informa-
tion shall be made available, on request, for inquiries
or investigations and, for these purposes, shall be
retained until the inquiry or investigation is completed.
9.4 AUTOMATED PRE-FLIGHT
INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR
BRIEFING, CONSULTATION,
FLIGHT PLANNING AND FLIGHT
DOCUMENTATION
9.4.1 Where the meteorological authority uses
automated pre-flight information systems to supply
and display meteorological information to operators
and flight crew members for self-briefing, flight plan-
ning and flight documentation purposes, the informa-
tion supplied and displayed shall comply with the rel-
evant provisions in 9.1 to 9.3 inclusive.
9.4.2 Recommendation – Automated pre-flight
information systems providing for a harmonized,
common point of access to meteorological informa-
tion and aeronautical information services informa-
tion by operators, flight crew members and other
aeronautical personnel concerned should be as
agreed between the meteorological authority and
the civil aviation authority or the agency to which the
authority to provide service has been delegated in
accordance with Annex 15, 2.1.1 c).
NOTE: The meteorological and aeronautical informa-
tion services information concerned is specified in 9.1
to 9.3 and Appendix 8 (not published herein).
9.4.3 Where automated pre-flight information
systems are used to provide a harmonized, com-
mon point of access to meteorological information
and aeronautical information services information
by operators, flight crew members and other aero-
nautical personnel concerned, the meteorological
authority concerned shall remain responsible for the
quality control and quality management if meteo-
rological information by means of such systems in
accordance with Chapter 2, 2.2.2.
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 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
NOTE: The responsibilities relating to aeronautical
information services information and the quality
assurance of the information is given in Annex 15,
Chapter 1, 2 and 3.
9.5 INFORMATION FOR AIRCRAFT
IN FLIGHT
9.5.1 Meteorological information for use by
aircraft in flight shall be supplied by an aerodrome
meteorological office or meteorological watch office
to its associated air traffic services unit and through
D-VOLMET or VOLMET broadcasts as determined
by regional air navigation agreement. Meteorological
information for planning by the operator for aircraft
in flight shall be supplied on request, as agreed
between the meteorological authority or authorities
and the operator concerned.
9.5.2 Meteorological information for use by air-
craft in flight shall be supplied to air traffic services
units in accordance with specifications of Chapter 10.
9.5.3 Meteorological information shall be sup-
plied through D-VOLMET or VOLMET broadcast in
accordance with the specifications of Chapter 11.
CHAPTER 10 – INFORMATION FOR
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES, SEARCH
AND RESCUE SERVICES AND
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
SERVICES
NOTE: Technical specifications related to this Chap-
ter are given in Appendix 9 (not published herein).
10.1 INFORMATION FOR AIR TRAFFIC
SERVICES UNITS
10.1.1 The meteorological authority shall desig-
nate an aerodrome meteorological office or meteo-
rological watch office to be associated with each air
traffic services unit. The associated aerodrome mete-
orological office or meteorological watch office shall,
after coordination with air traffic services unit, supply,
or arrange for the supply of, up-to-date meteorologi-
cal information to the unit necessary for the conduct
of its functions.
10.1.2 Recommendation – An aerodrome
meteorological office should be associated with an
aerodrome control tower or approach control unit for
the provision of meteorological information.
10.1.3 A meteorological watch office shall be
associated with a flight information center for the
provision of meteorological information.
10.1.4 Recommendation – Where, owing to
local circumstances, it is convenient for the duties
of an associated aerodrome meteorological office or
meteorological watch office to be shared between
two or more aerodrome meteorological offices or
meteorological watch offices, the division of respon-
sibility should be determined by the meteorological
authority in consultation with the appropriate ATS
authority.
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10.1.5 Any meteorological information requested
by an air traffic services unit in connection with an air-
craft emergency shall be supplied as rapidly as pos-
sible.
10.2 INFORMATION FOR SEARCH AND
RESCUE SERVICES UNITS
Aerodrome meteorological offices or meteorologi-
cal watch offices designated by the meteorological
authority in accordance with regional air navigation
agreement shall supply search and rescue services
units with the meteorological information they require
in a form established by mutual agreement. For that
purpose, the designated aerodrome meteorological
office or meteorological watch office shall maintain
liaison with the search and rescue services unit
throughout a search and rescue operation.
10.3 INFORMATION FOR
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
SERVICES UNITS
The meteorological authority, in coordination with the
appropriate civil aviation authority, shall arrange for
the supply of up-to-date meteorological information
to relevant aeronautical information services units, as
necessary, for the conduct of their functions.
CHAPTER 11 – REQUIREMENTS FOR
AND USE OF COMMUNICATIONS
NOTE 1: Technical specification and detailed criteria
related to this Chapter are given in Appendix 10 (not
published herein).
NOTE 2: It is recognized that it is for each Contract-
ing State to decide upon its own internal organization
and responsibility for implementing the telecommuni-
cation facilities referred to in this Chapter.
11.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR
COMMUNICATIONS
11.1.1 Suitable telecommunications facilities
shall be made available to permit aerodrome mete-
orological offices and, as necessary, aeronautical
meteorological stations to supply the required mete-
orological information to air traffic services units on
the aerodromes for which those offices and stations
are responsible, and in particular to aerodrome
control towers, approach control offices and the
aeronautical telecommunications stations serving
these aerodromes.
11.1.2 Suitable telecommunications facilities
shall be made available to permit meteorological
watch offices to supply the required meteorological
information to air traffic services and search and res-
cue services units in respect of the flight information
regions, control areas and search and rescue regions
for which those offices are responsible, and in partic-
ular to flight information centers, area control centers
and rescue coordination centers and the associated
aeronautical telecommunications stations.
11.1.3 Suitable telecommunication facilities shall
be made available to permit world area forecast cen-
ters to supply the required world area forecast system
products to aerodrome meteorological offices, mete-
orological authorities and other users.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 16 METEOROLOGY
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3
11.1.4 Telecommunication facilities between
aerodrome meteorological offices and, as necessary,
aeronautical meteorological stations and aerodrome
control towers or approach control units shall permit
communications by direct speech, the speed with
which the communications can be established being
such that required points may normally be contacted
within approximately 15 seconds.
11.1.5 Recommendation – Telecommunication
facilities between aerodrome meteorological offices
or meteorological watch offices and flight informa-
tion centers, area control centers, rescue coordina-
tion centers and aeronautical telecommunication sta-
tions should permit:
a. communications by direct speech, the speed
with which the communications can be estab-
lished being such that the required points may
normally be contacted within approximately 15
seconds; and
b. printed communications, when a record is
required by the recipient; the message trans-
mit time should not exceed 5 minutes.
NOTE: In 11.1.4 and 11.1.5 ‘approximately 15 sec-
onds’ refers to telephony communications involving
switchboard operation and ‘5 minutes’ refer to printed
communications involving retransmission.
11.1.6 Recommendation – The telecommunica-
tion facilities required in accordance with 11.1.4 and
11.1.5 should be supplemented, as and where nec-
essary, by other forms of visual or audio communica-
tions, for example, closed-circuit television or sepa-
rate information processing systems.
11.1.7 Recommendation – As agreed between
the meteorological authority and the operators
concerned, provision should be made to enable
operators to establish suitable telecommunications
facilities for obtaining meteorological information
from aerodrome meteorological offices or other
appropriate sources.
11.1.8 Suitable telecommunications facilities
shall be made available to permit meteorological
offices to exchange operational meteorological infor-
mation with other meteorological offices.
11.1.9 Recommendation – The telecommunica-
tions facilities used for the exchange of operational
meteorological information should be the aeronauti-
cal fixed service or, for the exchange of non-time crit-
ical operational meteorological information, the pub-
lic Internet, subject to availability, satisfactory opera-
tion and bilateral/multilateral and/or regional air navi-
gation agreements.
NOTE 1: Aeronautical fixed service Internet-based
services, operated by the world area forecast centers,
providing for global coverage are used to support the
global exchanges of operational meteorological infor-
mation.
NOTE 2: Guidance material on non-time-critical
operational meteorological information and relevant
aspects of the public Internet is provided in the
Guidelines on the Use of the Public Internet for
Aeronautical Applications (Doc 9855).
q$z
21 DEC 18
q$i
11.2 USE OF AERONAUTICAL FIXED
SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS
AND THE PUBLIC INTERNET –
METEOROLOGICAL BULLETINS
Meteorological bulletins containing operational mete-
orological information to be transmitted via aero-
nautical fixed service or the public Internet shall be
originated by the appropriate meteorological office
or aeronautical meteorological station.
NOTE: Meteorological bulletins containing oper-
ational meteorological information authorized for
transmission via aeronautical fixed service are listed
in Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 4, together with the
relevant priorities and priority indicators.
11.3 USE OF AERONAUTICAL FIXED
SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS
– WORLD AREA FORECAST
SYSTEM PRODUCTS
Recommendation – World area forecast system
products in digital form should be transmitted using
binary data communication techniques. The method
and channels used for dissemination of the products
should be as determined by regional air navigation
agreement.
11.4 USE OF AERONAUTICAL MOBILE
SERVICE COMMUNICATION
The content and format of meteorological information
transmitted to aircraft and by aircraft shall be consis-
tent with the provisions of this Annex.
11.5 USE OF AERONAUTICAL DATA
LINK SERVICE – CONTENTS
OF D-VOLMET
D-VOLMET shall contain current METAR and SPECI
together with trend forecasts where available, TAF
and SIGMET, special air-reports not covered by SIG-
MET and, where available, AIRMET.
NOTE: The requirement to provide METAR and
SPECI may be met by the data link-flight information
service (D-FIS) application entitled ‘Data link-aero-
drome routine meteorological report (D-METAR)
service’; the requirement to provide TAF may be
met by the D-FIS application entitled ‘Data link-aero-
drome forecast (D-TAF) service’; and the requirement
to provide SIGMET and AIRMET messages may be
met by the D-FIS application entitled ‘Data link-SIG-
MET (D-SIGMET) service’. The details of these data
link services are specified in the Manual of Air Traffic
Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694).
11.6 USE OF AERONAUTICAL
BROADCAST SERVICE –
CONTENTS OF VOLMET
BROADCASTS
11.6.1 Continuous VOLMET broadcasts, nor-
mally on very high frequencies (VHF) shall contain
current METAR and SPECI, together with trend fore-
casts where available.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY 17
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11.6.2 Scheduled VOLMET broadcasts, nor-

mally on high frequencies (HF), shall contain current
METAR and SPECI, together with trend forecasts
where available and, where so determined by
regional air navigation agreement, TAF and SIG-
MET.

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 11 NOV 16 METEOROLOGY 21 q$i

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION /

MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS - ANNEX 3
Appendix 1. Flight Documentation
– Model Charts and Forms
MODEL A OPMET information
MODEL IS Upper wind and temperature chart for standard isobaric surface
Example 1 - Arrows, feathers and pennants (Mercartor projection)
Example 2 - Arrows, feathers and pennants (Polar stereographic projection)
MODEL SWH Significant weather chart (high level)
Example - Polar stereographic projection (showing the jet stream vertical extent)
MODEL SWM Significant weather chart (medium level)
MODEL SWL Significant weather chart (low level)
Example 1
Example 2
MODEL TCG Tropical cyclone advisory information in graphical format
MODEL VAG Volcanic ash advisory information in graphical format
MODEL STC SIGMET for tropical cyclone in graphical format
MODEL SVA SIGMET for volcanic ash in graphical format
MODEL SGE SIGMET for phenomena other than tropical cyclone and volcanic ash in graphical
format
MODEL SN Sheet of notations used in flight documentation

q$z

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MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model A – OPMET

Information

1477991981104

q$z

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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3
Appendix 1. Model IS – Upper
Wind and Temperature Chart for
Standard Isobaric Surface
EXAMPLE 1
ARROWS, FEATHERS AND PENNANTS (MERCATOR PROJECTION)

1477654242697

q$z

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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

EXAMPLE 2
ARROWS, FEATHERS AND PENNANTS (POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION)

1477654242697

q$z

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 11 NOV 16 METEOROLOGY 25
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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model SWH – Significant

Weather Chart (High Level)
EXAMPLE
POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION (SHOWING THE JET STREAM VERTICAL EXTEND)

1477654242697

q$z

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Appendix 1. Model SWM – Significant

Weather Chart (Medium Level)

1477654242697

q$z

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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model SWL – Significant

Weather Chart (Low Level)
EXAMPLE 1

1405085603759

q$z

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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

EXAMPLE 2

1407483376484

q$z

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 11 NOV 16 METEOROLOGY 29
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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model TCG – Tropical

Cyclone Advisory Information in
Graphical Format

1477654242697

q$z

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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model VAG – Volcanic

Ash Advisory Information in
Graphical Format

1290420286000

q$z

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 22 AUG 14 METEOROLOGY 31
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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model STC – SIGMET for

Tropical Cyclone in Graphical Format

1290674883000

q$z

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 32 METEOROLOGY 22 AUG 14

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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model SVA – SIGMET for

Volcanic Ash in Graphical Format

1290418759000

q$z

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 11 NOV 16 METEOROLOGY 33
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/ MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3 q$i

Appendix 1. Model SGE – SIGMET

for Phenomena other than Tropical
Cyclone and Volcanic Ash in
Graphical Format

q$z

1477654242697

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/ SIGMET NOTATIONS - ANNEX 3
Appendix 1. Model SN – Sheet
of Notations used in Flight
Documentation
1. SYMBOLS FOR SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER
NOTE: Height indications between which phenomena
are expected, top above base as per chart legend.

Tropical cyclone Drizzle

1145640356000 1145640356000

Severe squall line1 Rain

1145640356000 1145640356000

Moderate turbulence Snow

1145640356000

1145640356000

Severe turbulence Shower Hail

1145640356000

1145640356000 1145640356000

Mountain waves Widespread blowing snow

1145640356000

1145640356000

Moderate aircraft icing Severe sand or dust haze

1145640356000
1145640356000

Severe aircraft icing Widespread sandstorm or duststorm

1145640356000
1145640356000

Widespread fog Widespread haze

1145640356000 1207059668000

Radioactive materials in the

Widespread mist
atmosphere2 1207059692000

1145640356000

Volcanic eruption3 Widespread smoke

1207059732000

1145640356000

Mountain obscuration Freezing precipitation4

1207059780000

1145640356000

1 In flight documentation for flights operating up to FL100, this symbol refers to “squall line”.
2 The following Information should be included in a separate text box on the chart: radioactive materials in the atmosphere
symbol; latitude/longitude of release site; and (if known) the name of the site of the radioactive source. In addition,
the legend of SIGWX charts on which a release of radiation is indicated should contain “CHECK SIGMET AND
NOTAM FOR RDOACT CLD’. The center of the radioactive materials in the atmosphere symbol should be placed
on significant weather charts at the latitude/longitude site of the radioactive source.
3 The following information should be included in a separate text box on the chart: volcanic eruption symbol; the name of
the volcano (if known); and the latitude/longitude of the eruption. In addition, the legend of SIGWX charts should indicate
“CHECK SIGMET, ADVISORIES FOR TC AND VA, AND ASHTAM AND NOTAM FOR VA”. The dot on the base of the volcanic
eruption symbol should be placed on significant weather charts at the latitude/longitude site of the volcanic event.
4 This symbol does not refer to icing due to precipitation coming into contact with an aircraft which is at a very low temperature.

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/ SIGMET NOTATIONS - ANNEX 3 q$i

2. FRONTS AND CONVERGENCE

ZONES AND OTHER SYMBOLS
USED

Position, speed and level of

Cold front at the surface
1348478584082 max. wind
1228309653000

Warm front at the surface Convergence line

1348478584082

1207060097000

Occluded front at the

Freezing level
surface
1348478584082

1145640356000

Quasi-stationary front at the Intertropical convergence

surface
1348478584082
zone
1145640356000

Tropopause high State of the sea

1145640356000

1348478584082

Tropopause low Sea surface temperature

1348478584082 1145640356000

Widespread strong surface

Tropopause level
wind1
1348478584082

1145640356000

1348478584082

Wind arrows indicate the maximum wind in jet and the flight level at which it occurs. If the maximum wind
speed is 60m/s (120kt) or more, the flight levels between which winds are greater than 40m/s (80kt) is placed
below the maximum wind level. In the example, winds are greater than 40m/s (80kt) between FL220 and
FL400. The heavy line delineating the jet axis begins/ends at the points where a wind speed of 40m/s (80kt)
is forecast. Symbol used whenever the height of the jet axis changes by +/-3000ft or the speed changes
by +/-20kt.
1 This symbol refers to widespread surface wind speeds exceeding 15m/s (30kt).

3. ABBREVIATIONS USED TO
DESCRIBE CLOUDS
3.1 TYPE
CI = Cirrus AS = Altostratus ST = Stratus
CC = Cirrocumulus NS = Nimbostratus CU = Cumulus
CS = Cirrostratus SC = Stratocumulus CB = Cumulonimbus
AC = Altocumulus

3.2 AMOUNT EMBD = CBs embedded in layers of other clouds

Clouds except CB: or concealed by haze (embedded).
FEW = few (1/8 to 2/8); 3.3 HEIGHTS
SCT = scattered (3/8 to 4/8); Heights are indicated on SWH and SWM charts in
BKN = broken (5/8 to 7/8); flight levels (FL), top over base. When XXX is used,
OVC = overcast (8/8ths). tops or bases are outside the layer of the atmosphere
to which the chart applies.
CB only:
ISOL = individual CBs (isolated); In SWL charts:
OCNL = well separated CBs (occasional); a. Heights are indicated as altitudes above mean
sea level.
FRQ = CBs with little or no separation (frequent);
b. The abbreviation SFC is used to indicate ground
level.
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/ SIGMET NOTATIONS - ANNEX 3 q$i

4. DEPICTING OF LINES AND

SYSTEMS ON SPECIFIC CHARTS
4.1 SWH AND SWM – SIGNIFICANT
WEATHER CHARTS (HIGH
AND MEDIUM)
Scalloped line = demarcation of areas of significant weather
Heavy broken line = delineation of area of CAT
Heavy solid line interrupted by wind = position of jet stream axis with indication of wind direction, speed
arrow and flight level in kt or km/h and height in flight levels. The vertical extent of the jet
stream is indicated (in flight levels), e.g. FL270 accompanied by
240/290 indicates that the jet extends from FL240 to FL290.
Flight levels inside small rectangles = height in flight levels of tropopause at spot locations; e.g.,
. Low and High points of the tropopause topography are
1276588679000

indicated by the letters L or H respectively inside a pentagon with

the height in flight levels.
Display explicit FL for JET dephts and tropopause height even if
outside forecast bounds.

4.2 SWL – SIGNIFICANT WEATHER

CHART (LOW LEVEL)
X = position of pressure centers given in hectopascals
L = center of low pressure
H = center of high pressure
Scalloped lines = demarcation of area of significant weather
Dashed lines = altitude of 0°C isotherm in feet (hectofeet) or meters
NOTE: 0°C level may also be indicated by; i.e., 0°C
level is at an altitude of 6000ft.
Figures on arrows = speed in kt or km/h of movement of frontal systems, depressions
or anticyclones
Figure inside the state of the sea = total wave height in feet or meters
symbol
Figure inside the sea surface = sea surface temperature in °C
temperature symbol
Figures inside the strong surface = wind in kt or km/h
wind symbol

4.3 ARROWS, FEATHERS AND

PENNANTS
Arrows indicate direction. Number of pennants and/or
feathers correspond to speed.

EXAMPLE:1
270°/115kt (equivalent to 57.5m/s).
1405091356951
Pennants correspond to 50kt or 25m/s.
Feather correspond to 10kt or 5m/s.
Half-feather correspond to 5kt or 2.5m/s.
1 A conversion factor of 1 to 2 is used.

q$z

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/ WORLD AREA FORECAST - ANNEX 3
Appendix 2. Technical Specifications
related to Global Systems, Supporting
Centers and Meteorological Offices
Table A2-1. Template for Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash
Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
O = inclusion optional
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable
= = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numeri- NOTE 3: Inclusion of a “colon” after each element
cal elements included in advisory messages for vol- heading is mandatory.
canic ash are shown in Appendix 6, Table A6-4. NOTE 4: The numbers 1 to 19 are included only for
NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can clarity and they are not part of the advisory message,
be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Ser- as shown in the example.
vices - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC,
Doc 8400).

Table A2-1. Template for Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash

Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
1 Identification Type of message VA ADVISORY VA ADVISORY
of the type of
message (M)
2 Status indicator Indicator of test or STATUS: TEST or EXER STATUS: TEST
(C)1 exercise EXER
3 Time of origin (M) Year, month, day, time in DTG: nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ DTG: 20080923/
UTC 0130Z
4 Name of VAAC Name of VAAC VAAC: nnnnnnnnnnnn VAAC: TOKYO
(M)
5 Name of volcano Name and IAVCEI2 VOLCANO: nnnnnnnnnnnnnn VOLCANO: KARYMSKY
(M) number of volcano nnnnnnnn 1000-13
[nnnnnn]
or UNKNOWN or UNNAMED
UNNAMED
6 Location of Location of volcano in PSN: Nnnnn or Snnnn PSN: N5403
volcano (M) degrees and minutes Wnnnnn or E15927
Ennnnn or
UNKNOWN UNKNOWN
7 State or region State, or region if ash is AREA: nnnnnnnnnn AREA: RUSSIA
(M) not reported over a State nnnnnn
8 Summit elevation Summit elevation in m SUMMIT nnnnM (or SUMMIT 1536M
(M) (or ft) ELEV: nnnnnFT) ELEV:
9 Advisory number Year in full and message ADVISORY nnnn/[n][n][n]n ADVISORY 2008/4
(M) number (separate NR: NR:
sequence for each
volcano)
10 Information Information source using INFO Free text up to 32 INFO MTSAT-1R
source (M) free text SOURCE: characters SOURCE: KVERT
KEMSD
11 Colour code (O) Aviation colour code AVIATION RED or ORANGE AVIATION RED
COLOUR or YELLOW COLOUR
CODE: or GREEN or CODE:
UNKNOWN or
NOT GIVEN or
NIL
12 Eruption details Eruption details ERUPTION Free text up to ERUPTION ERUPTION
(M) (including date/time DETAILS: 64 characters or DETAILS: AT 20080923/
of eruption(s)) UNKNOWN 0000Z FL300
REPORTED

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Table A2-1. Template for Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
13 Time of Day and time (in UTC) OBS (or nn/nnnnZ OBS VA 23/0100Z
observation (or of observation (or EST) VA DTG:
estimation) of estimation) of volcanic DTG:
ash (M) ash
14 Observed or Horizontal (in degrees OBS VA TOP FLnnn or OBS VA FL250/300
estimated ash and minutes) and vertical CLD or SFC/FLnnn or CLD: N5400
cloud (M) extent at the time EST VA FLnnn/nnn E15930 -
of observation of the CLD: [nnKM WID LINE3 N5400
observed or estimated BTN [nnNM WID E16100 -
ash cloud or, if the base LINE BTN)]
is unknown, the top of the N5300
Nnn[nn] or E15945 -
observed or estimated
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
ash cloud; MOV SE
or Ennn[nn] -
Movement of the 20KT
Nnn[nn] or
observed or estimated SFC/FL200
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
ash cloud N5130
or Ennn[nn] -
E16130 -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] N5130
or Ennn[nn] - E16230 -
[Nnn[nn] or N5230
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] E16230 -
or Ennn[nn] - N5230
Nnn[nn] or E16130 -
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] MOV SE
or Ennn[nn]] - 15KT
MOV N nnKMH TOP FL240
(or KT) or MOV W
MOV NE nnKMH 40KMH
(or KT) or VA NOT
MOV E nnKMH IDENTIFI-
(or KT) or ABLE FM
SATELLITE
MOV SE nnKMH
DATA WIND
(or KT) or
FL050/070
MOV S nnKMH
180/12MPS
(or KT) or
MOV SW nnKMH
(or KT) or
MOV W nnKMH
(or KT) or
MOV NW nnKMH
(or KT)4 or
VA NOT
IDENTIFIABLE
FM
SATELLITE DATA
WIND
FLnnn/nnn
nnn/nn[n]MPS (or
KT)5 or

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Table A2-1. Template for Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
WIND FLnnn/nnn
VRBnnMPS (or
KT) or WIND
SFC/FLnnn
nnn/nn(n)MPS
(or KT) or
WIND SFC/FLnnn
VRBnnMPS (or
KT)
15 Forecast height Day and time (in UTC) (6 FCST VA nn/nnnnZ FCST VA 23/0700Z
and position of hours from the “Time CLD +6HR: SFC or FLnnn/ CLD +6HR: FL250/350
the ash clouds of observation (or [FL]nnn N5130
(+6HR) (M) estimation) of ash”
[nnKM WID LINE3 E16030-
given in Item 13);
BTN (nnNM WID N5130
Forecast height and LINE BTN)] E16230 -
position in degrees and
Nnn[nn] or N5330
minutes) for each cloud
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] E16230 -
mass for that fixed valid
or Ennn[nn] -
time N5330
Nnn[nn] or E16030 -
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
SFC/FL180
or Ennn[nn][ -
N4830
Nnn[nn] or
E16330 -
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn] - N4830
E16630 -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] N5130
or Ennn[nn] - E16630 -
Nnn[nn] or N5130
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] E16330
or Ennn[nn]] 4 or NO VA EXP
NO VA EXP or NOT AVBL
NOT AVBL or NOT
NOT PROVIDED PROVIDED
16 Forecast height Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST VA 23/1300Z
and position of (12 hours from the VA CLD SFC or FLnnn/ CLD +12HR: SFC/FL270
the ash clouds “Time of observation (or +12HR: [FL]nnn N4830
(+12HR) (M) estimation) of ash” given
[nnKM WID LINE3 E16130 -
in Item 13);
BTN (nnNM WID N4830
Forecast height and LINE BTN)] E16600 -
position (in degrees and
Nnn[nn] or N5300
minutes) for each cloud
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] E16600 -
mass for that fixed valid
or Ennn[nn] -
time N5300
Nnn[nn] or E16130 -
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
NO VA EXP
or Ennn[nn][ -
NOT AVBL
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] NOT
or Ennn[nn] - PROVIDED
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]] 4 or
NO VA EXP or
NOT AVBL or
NOT PROVIDED

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Table A2-1. Template for Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
17 Forecast height Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST VA 23/1900Z
and position of (18 hours from the VA CLD SFC or FLnnn/ CLD +18HR: NO VA EXP
the ash clouds “Time of observation (or +18HR: [FL]nnn NOT AVBL
(+18HR) (M) estimation) of ash” given
[nnKM WID LINE3 NOT
in Item 13);
BTN (nnNM WID PROVIDED
Forecast height and LINE BTN)]
position (in degrees and
Nnn[nn] or
minutes) for each cloud
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
mass for that fixed valid
or Ennn[nn] -
time
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn][ -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]]4 or
NO VA EXP or
NOT AVBL or
NOT PROVIDED
18 Remarks (M) Remarks, as necessary RMK: Free text up to 256 RMK: LATEST REP
characters FM KVERT
or (0120Z)
INDICATES
NIL
ERUP-
TION HAS
CEASED.
TWO DIS-
PERSING
VA CLD ARE
EVIDENT ON
SATELLITE
IMAGERY
NIL
19 Next advisory (M) Year, month, day and NXT ADVI- nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ NXT 20080923/
time in UTC SORY: or ADVISORY: 0730Z
NO LATER THAN NO LATER
THAN
nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ
nnnnnnnn/
or
nnnnZ
NO FURTHER
NO
ADVISORIES
FURTHER
or ADVISORIES
WILL BE ISSUED WILL BE
BY ISSUED BY
nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ nnnnnnnn/
nnnnZ
1 Used only when the message issued to indicate that a test or an exercise is taking place. When the word ’TEST"
or the abbreviation ’EXER" is included, the message may contain information that should not be used operationally
or will otherwise end immediately after the word ’TEST’. [Applicable 7 November 2019]
2 International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI).
3 A straight line between two points drawn on a map in the Mercator projection or a straight line between
two points which crosses lines of longitude at a constant angle.
4 Up to 4 selected layers.
5 If ash reported (e.g. AIREP) but not identifiable from satellite data.
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Example A2-1. Advisory Message for Volcanic Ash

VA ADVISORY
DTG: 20080923/0130Z
VAAC: TOKYO
VOLCANO: KARYMSKY 1000-13
PSN: N5403 E15927
AREA: RUSSIA
SUMMIT ELEV: 1536M
ADVISORY NR: 2008/4
INFO SOURCE: MTSAT-1R KVERT KEMSD
AVIATION COLOUR CODE: RED
ERUPTION DETAILS: ERUPTION AT 20080923/0000Z FL300 REPORTED
OBS VA DTG: 23/0100Z
OBS VA CLD: FL250/300 N5400 E15930 - N5400 E16100 - N5300 E15945 MOV
SE 20KT
SFC/FL200 N5130 E16130 - N5130 E16230 - N5230 E16230 - N5230
E16130 MOV SE 15KT
FCST VA CLD +6HR: 23/0700Z FL250/350 N5130 E16030 - N5130 E16230 - N5330 E16230
- N5330 E16030 SFC/FL180 N4830 E16330 - N4830 E1660 - N5130
E16630 - N5130 E16330
FCST VA CLD +12HR: 23/1300Z SFC/FL270 N4830 E16130 - N4830 E16600 - N5300 E16600
- N5300 E1630
FCST VA CLD +18HR: 23/1900Z NO VA EXP
RMK: LATEST REP FM KVERT (0120Z) INDICATES ERUPTION HAS
CEASED. TWO DISPERSING VA CLD ARE EVIDENT ON SATELLITE
IMAGERY
NXT ADVISORY: 20080923/0730Z

Table A2-2. Template for Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable
= = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numeri- NOTE 3: All the elements are mandatory.
cal elements included in advisory messages for trop- NOTE 4: Inclusion of a "colon" after each element
ical cyclones are shown in Appendix 6, Table A 6-4. heading is mandatory.
NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can NOTE 5: The numbers 1 to 21are included only for
be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Ser- clarity and they are not part of the advisory message,
vices - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, as shown in the example.
Doc 8400).

Table A2-2. Template for Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones

Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
1 Identification Type of message TC ADVISORY TC ADVISORY
of the type of
message (M)
2 Status indicator Indicator of test or STA- TEST or EXER STA- TEST
(C)1 exercise TUS: TUS: EXER
3 Time of origin (M) Year, month, day, time in DTG: nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ DTG: 20040925/1900Z
UTC of issue
4 Name of TCAC Name of TCAC (location TCAC: nnnn or nnnnnnnnnn TCAC: YUFO2
(M) indicator or full name) MIAMI
5 Name of tropical Name of tropical cyclone TC: nnnnnnnnnnnn or TC: GLORIA
cyclone (M) or “NN” for unnamed NN
tropical cyclone

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Table A2-2. Template for Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
6 Advisory number Year in full and message ADVI- nnnn/[n][n][n]n ADVI- 2004/13
(M) number (separate SORY SORY
sequence for each NR: NR:
cyclone)
7 Observed Day and time in UTC and OBS nn/nnnnZ OBS 25/1800Z
position of centre position of the centre of PSN: Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] PSN: N2706 W07306
(M) the tropical cyclone (in
Wnnn[nn] or
degrees and minutes)
Ennn[nn]
8 Observed CB Location of CB cloud CB: WI nnnKM (or CB: WI 250NM OF
cloud3 (C) referring to latitude and nnnNM) OF TC TC CENTRE
longitude (in degrees CENTER or
TOP FL500
and minutes) and vertical WI4 Nnn[nn] or
extent (flight level) Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]-
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]-
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]-
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]-
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
and
TOP [ABV or BLW]
FLnnn
9 Direction and Direction and speed MOV: N nnKMH (or KT) or MOV: NW 20KMH
speed of of movement given NNE nnKMH (or KT)
movement (M) in sixteen compass or
points and km/h (or
NE nnKMH (or KT)
kt), respectively, or
or
stationary (< 2km/h
(1kt)) ENE nnKMH (or KT)
or
E nnKMH (or KT) or
ESE nnKMH (or KT)
or
SE nnKMH (or KT)
or
SSE nnKMH (or KT)
or
S nnKMH (or KT) or
SSW nnKMH (or
KT) or
SW nnKMH (or KT)
or
WSW nnKMH (or
KT) or
W nnKMH (or KT) or
WNW nnKMH (or
KT) or

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Table A2-2. Template for Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
NW nnKMH (or KT)
or
NNW nnKMH (or
KT)
or STNR
10 Central pressure Central pressure (in hPa) C: nnnHPA C: 965HPA
(M)
11 Maximum Maximum surface wind MAX nn[n]MPS MAX 22MPS
surface wind (M) near the centre (mean WIND: (or nn[n]KT) WIND:
over 10 minutes, in m/s
(or kt))
12 Forecast of Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 25/2200Z
centre position (6 hours from the “DTG” PSN Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] PSN N2748 W07350
(+6HR) (M) given in Item 2); +6HR: Wnnn(nn) or +6HR:
Forecast position (in Ennn[nn]
degrees and minutes) of
the centre of the tropical
cyclone
13 Forecast of Forecast of maximum FCST nn[n]MPS FCST 22MPS
maximum surface wind (6 hours MAX (or nn[n]KT) MAX
surface wind after the “DTG” given in WIND WIND
(+6HR) (M) Item 3) +6HR: +6HR:
14 Forecast of Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 26/0400Z
centre position (12 hours from the “DTG” PSN Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] PSN N2830 W07430
(+12HR) (M) given in Item 3); +12HR: Wnnn(nn) or +12HR:
Forecast position (in Ennn[nn]
degrees and minutes) of
the centre of the tropical
cyclone
15 Forecast of Forecast of maximum FCST nn[n]MPS FCST 22MPS
maximum surface wind (12 hours MAX (or nn[n]KT) MAX
surface wind after the “DTG” given in WIND WIND
(+12HR) (M) Item 3) +12HR: +12HR:
16 Forecast of Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 26/1000Z
centre position (18 hours from the “DTG” PSN Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] PSN N2852 W07500
(+18HR) (M) given in Item 3); +18HR: Wnnn(nn) or +18HR:
Forecast position (in Ennn[nn]
degrees and minutes) of
the centre of the tropical
cyclone
17 Forecast of Forecast of maximum FCST nn[n]MPS FCST 21MPS
maximum surface wind (18 hours MAX (or nn[n]KT) MAX
surface wind after the “DTG” given in WIND WIND
(+18HR) (M) Item 3) +18HR: +18HR:
18 Forecast of Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 26/1600Z
centre position (24 hours from the “DTG” PSN Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] PSN N2912 W07530
(+24HR) (M) given in Item 3); +24HR: Wnnn(nn) or +24HR:
Forecast position (in Ennn[nn]
degrees and minutes) of
the centre of the tropical
cyclone

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Table A2-2. Template for Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
19 Forecast of Forecast of maximum FCST nn[n]MPS FCST 20MPS
maximum surface wind (24 hours MAX (or nn[n]KT) MAX
surface wind after the “DTG” given in WIND WIND
(+24HR) (M) Item 3) +24HR: +24HR:
20 Remarks (M) Remarks, as necessary RMK: Free text up to 256 RMK: NIL
characters
or
NIL
21 Expected time of Expected year, month, NXT [BFR] nnnnnnnn/ NXT 20040925/2000Z
issuance of next day and time (in UTC) MSG: nnnnZ MSG:
advisory (M) of issuance of next or
advisory
NO MSG EXP
1 Used only when the message issued to indicate that a test or an exercise is taking place. When the word "TEST"
or the abbreviation "EXER" is included, the message may contain information that should not be used operationally
or will otherwise end immediately after the word "TEST". [Applicable 7 November 2019]
2 Fictitious location.
3 In the case of CB clouds associated with a tropical cyclone covering more than one area within the area
of responsibility, this element can be repeated, as necessary.
4 The number of coordinates should be kept to a minimum and should not normally exceed seven.

Example A2-2. Advisory Message for Tropical Cyclones

TC ADVISORY
DTG: 20040925/1900Z
TCAC: YUFO1
TC: GLORIA
ADVISORY NR: 2004/13
OBS PSN: 25/1800Z N2706 WI07306
CB WI 250NM OF TC CENTRE TOP FL500
MOV: NW 20KMH
C: 965HPA
MAX WIND: 22MPS
FCST PSN +6HR 25/2200Z N2748 W07350
FCST MAX WIND +6HR 22MPS
FCST PSN +12HR: 26/0400Z N2830 W07430
FCST MAX WIND +12HR: 22MPS
FCST PSN +18HR: 26/1000Z N2852 W07500
FCST MAX WIND +18HR: 21MPS
FCST PSN +24HR: 26/1600Z N2912 W07530
FCST MAX WIND +24HR: 20MPS
RMK: NIL
NXT MSG: 19970925/2000Z
1 Ficticious location

Table A2-3. Template for Advisory Message for Space Weather Information
Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable;
= = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line
NOTE 1: The explanations for the abbreviations can NOTE 4: The numbers 1 to 14 are included only for
be found in the PANS-ABC, Doc 8400). clarity and are not part of the advisory message, as
NOTE 2: The spatial resolutions are shown in Attach- shown in the examples.
ment E.
NOTE 3: Inclusion of a colon after each element
heading is mandatory.

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Table A2-3. Template for Advisory Message for Space Weather Information
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
1 Identification Type of message SWX ADVISORY SWX ADVISORY
of the type of
message (M)
2 Status indicator Indicator of test or STA- TEST or EXER STA- TEST
(C)1 exercise TUS: TUS: EXER
3 Time of origin Year, month, day and DTG: nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ DTG: 20161108/0100Z
(M) time in UTC
4 Name of SWXC Name of SWXC SWXC: Nnnnnnnnnnnn SWXC: DONLON2
(M)
5 Advisory number Year in full and unique ADVI- nnnn/[n][n][n]n ADVI- 2016/1
(M) message number SORY SORY
NR: NR:
6 Number of Number of the previously NR nnnn/[n][n][n]n NR 2016/1
advisory being issued advisory being RPLC: RPLC:
replaced (C) replaced
7 Space weather Effect and intensity SWX HF COM MOD or SWX HF COM MOD
effect and of the space weather EFFECT:SEV or EFFECT: SATCOM SEV
intensity (M) phenomena SATCOM MOD or GNSS SEV
SEV or
HF COM MOD AND
GNSS MOD or SEV GNSS MOD
or
RADIATION MOD
HF COM MOD or
SEV AND
GNSS MOD or SEV
or
RADIATION 3 MOD
or SEV
8 Observed Day and time (in UTC) of OBS nn/nnnnZ OBS 08/0100Z
or expected observed phenomena (or (or DAYLIGHT SIDE or SWX: DAYLIGHT SIDE
space weather forecast if phenomena FCST) 08/0100Z HNH HSH
HNH and/or MNH
phenomena (M) have yet to occur) SWX:
and/or EQN and/or E18000 - W18000
Horizontal extent3
EQS and/or 08/0100Z HNH HSH
(latitude bands and
MSH and/or HSH W18000 - W09000
longitude in degrees)
Wnnn(nn) or ABV FL350
and/or altitude of space
weather phenomena Ennn(nn) -
Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) and/or
ABV FLnnn or
FLnnn - nnn or
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
NO SWX EXP

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Table A2-3. Template for Advisory Message for Space Weather Information (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
9 Forecast of the Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 08/0700Z
phenomena (6 hours from the time SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE or SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE
(+6HR) (M) given in Item 8, rounded +6HR: +6HR: 08/0700Z HNH HSH
HNH and/or MNH
to the next full hour); W18000 - W09000
and/or EQN and/or
Forecast extent and/or ABV FL350
EQS and/or MSH
altitude of the space 08/0700Z HNH HSH
and/or HSH
weather phenomena for E18000 - W18000
that fixed valid time Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) -
Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) and/or
ABV FLnnn or
FLnnn - nnn or
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
NO SWX EXP or
NOT AVBL
10 Forecast of the Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 08/1300Z
phenomena (12 hours from the time SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE or SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE
(+12HR) (M) given in Item 8, rounded +12HR: +12HR: 08/1300Z HNH HSH
HNH and/or MNH
to the next full hour); W18000 - W09000
and/or EQN and/or
Forecast extent and/or ABV FL350
EQS and/or MSH
altitude of the space 08/1300Z HNH HSH
and/or HSH
weather phenomena for E18000 - W18000
that fixed valid time Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) -
Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) and/or
ABV FLnnn or
FLnnn - nnn or
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -

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Table A2-3. Template for Advisory Message for Space Weather Information (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
NO SWX EXP or
NOT AVBL
11 Forecast of the Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 08/1900Z
phenomena (18 hours from the time SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE or SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE
(+18HR) (M) given in Item 8, rounded +18HR: +18HR: 08/1900Z HNH HSH
HNH and/or MNH
to the next full hour); W18000 - W09000
and/or EQN and/or
Forecast extent and/or ABV FL350
EQS and/or MSH
altitude of the space 08/1300Z HNH HSH
and/or HSH
weather phenomena for E18000 - W18000
that fixed valid time Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) -
Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) and/or
ABV FLnnn or
FLnnn - nnn or
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
NO SWX EXP or
NOT AVBL
12 Forecast of the Day and time (in UTC) FCST nn/nnnnZ FCST 09/0100Z
phenomena (24 hours from the time SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE or SWX DAYLIGHT SIDE
(+24HR) (M) given in Item 8, rounded +24HR: +24HR: 09/0100Z HNH HSH
HNH and/or MNH
to the next full hour); W18000 - W09000
and/or EQN and/or
Forecast extent and/or ABV FL350
EQS and/or MSH
altitude of the space 09/0100Z HNH HSH
and/or HSH
weather phenomena for E18000 - W18000
that fixed valid time Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) -
Wnnn(nn) or
Ennn(nn) and/or

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Table A2-3. Template for Advisory Message for Space Weather Information (continued)
Element Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
ABV FLnnn or
FLnnn - nnn or
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
NO SWX EXP or
NOT AVBL
13 Remarks (M) Remarks, as necessary RMK: Free text up to 256 RMK: SWX EVENT HAS
characters CEASED
or WWW.SPACEWEAT
NIL HERPROVIDER.
GOV
NIL
14 Next advisory Year, month, day and NXT nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ NXT 20161108/0700Z
(M) time in UTC ADVI- or ADVI- NO FURTHER
SORY: SORY: ADVISORIES
NO FURTHER
ADVISORIES
or
WILL BE ISSUED
BY nnnnnnnn/
nnnnZ
1 Used only when the message issued to indicate that a test or an exercise is taking place. When the word “TEST”
or the abbreviation “EXER” is included, the message may contain information that should not be used operationally
or will otherwise end immediately after the word ”TEST”. [Applicable 7 November 2019]
2 Ficticious location.
3 One or more latitude ranges should be included in the space weather advisory information for “GNSS” and “RADIATION”.

Example A2-3. Space Weather Advisory Message (GNSS and HFCOM effects)
DTG: 20161108/0100Z
SWXC: DONLON1
ADVISORY NR: 2016/2
NR RPLC: 2016/1
SWX EFFECT: HF COM MOD AND GNSS MOD
OBS SWX: 08/0100Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000
FCST SWX +6HR: 08/0700Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000
FCST SWX + 12HR: 08/1300Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000
FCST SWX + 18HR: 08/1900Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000

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Example A2-3. Space Weather Advisory Message (GNSS and HFCOM effects) (continued)
FCST SWX +24HR: 09/0100Z NO SWX EXP
RMK LOW LVL GEOMAGNETIC STORMING CAUSING INCREASED
AURORAL ACT AND SUBSEQUENT MOD DEGRADATION OF
GNSS AND HF COM AVBL IN THE AURORAL ZONE. THIS
STORMING EXP TO SUBSIDE IN THE FCST PERIOD. SEE
WWW.SPACEWEATHERPROVIDER.WEB
NXT ADVISORY: NO FURTHER ADVISORIES
1 Ficticious location

Example A2-4. Space Weather Advisory Message (RADIATION effects)

SWX ADVISORY
DTG: 20161108/0100Z
SWXC: DONLON1
ADVISORY NR: 2016/2
NR RPLC: 2016/1
SWX EFFECT: RADIATION MOD
OBS SWX: 08/0100Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000 ABV FL350
FCST SWX +6HR: 08/0700Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000 ABV FL350
FCST SWX + 12HR: 08/1300Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000 ABV FL350
FCST SWX + 18HR: 08/1900Z HNH HSH E18000 - W18000 ABV FL350
FCST SWX +24HR: 09/0100Z NO SWX EXP
RMK RADIATION LVL EXCEEDED 100 PCT OF BACKGROUND
LVL AT FL350 AND ABV. THE CURRENT EVENT HAS
PEAKED AND LVL SLW_RTN TO BACKGROUND LVL. SEE
WWW.SPACEWEATHERPROVIDER.WEB
NXT ADVISORY: NO FURTHER ADVISORIES
1 Ficticious location

Example A2-5. Space Weather Advisory Message (HFCOM effects)

SWX ADVISORY
DTG: 20161108/0100Z
SWXC: DONLON1
ADVISORY NR: 2016/1
SWX EFFECT: HF COM SEV
OBS SWX: 08/0100Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX +6HR: 08/0700Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX + 12HR: 08/1300Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX + 18HR: 08/1900Z DAYLIGHT SIDE
FCST SWX +24HR: 09/0100Z NO SWX EXP
RMK PERIODIC HF COM ABSORPTION AND LIKELY TO CONT
IN THE NEAR TERM. CMPL AND PERIODIC LOSS OF HF
ON THE SUNLIT SIDE OF THE EARTH EXP. CONT HF
COM DEGRADATION LIKELY OVER THE NXT 7 DAYS. SEE
WWW.SPACEWEATHERPROVIDER.WEB
NXT ADVISORY: 20161108/0700Z
1 Ficticious location

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/ METAR AND SPECI - ANNEX 3
Appendix 3. Technical Specifications
related to Meteorological
Observations and Reports
Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special (SPECIAL) Reports
Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological conditions
O = inclusion optional
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numeri- NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations used
cal elements included in the local routine and special can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Ser-
reports are shown in Table A3-4 of this Appendix. vices - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC,
Doc 8400).

Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special (SPECIAL) Reports
Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Identifica- Type of report MET REPORT or SPECIAL MET REPORT
tion of the SPECIAL
type of
report (M)
Location ICAO location nnnn YUDO1
indicator indiactor (M)
(M)
Time of the Day and nnnnnnZ 221630Z
observation actual time
(M) of the
observation
in UTC
Identifica- Automated AUTO AUTO
tion of an report
automated identifier (C)
report (C)
Surface Name of the WIND WIND 240/4MPS
wind (M) element (M) (WIND 240/8KT)
Runway (O)2 RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]
Runway TDZ WIND RWY 18 TDZ
section (O)3 190/6MPS
(WIND RWY 18 TDZ
190/12KT)

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Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special
(SPECIAL) Reports (continued)
Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Wind direction nnn/ VRB BTN nnn/ AND nnn/ CALM WIND WIND
(M) or VRB1MPS CALM
VRB (WIND
VRB2KT)
WIND
VRB BTN
350/ AND
050/1MPS
(WIND
VRB BTN
350/ AND
050/2KT)
Wind speed [ABV]n[n][n]MPS (or [ABV]n[n]KT) WIND 270/ABV49MPS
(M) (WIND 270/ABV99KT)
Significant MAX[ABV]nn[n] MNMn[n] WIND 120/3MPS MAX9
speed MNM2
variations (C)4
(WIND 120/6KT MAX18
MNM4)
Significant VRB BTN nnn/ — WIND 020/5MPS VRB
directional AND nnn/ BTN 350/ AND 070/
variations (C)5 (WIND 020/10KT VRB
BTN 350/ AND 070/)
Runway MID WIND RWY 14R MID
sections (O)3 140/6MPS
(WIND RWY 14R MID
140/12KT)
Wind direction nnn/ VRB BTN nnn/ AND nnn/ CALM WIND RWY 27 TDZ
(O)3 or 240/8MPS
VRB MAX14 MNM5 END
250/7MPS
(WIND RWY 27 TDZ
240/16KT
MAX28 MNM10 END
250/14KT)
Wind speed [ABV]n[n][n]MPS (or [ABV]n[n]KT)
(O)3
Significant MAX[ABV]nn[n] MNMn[n]
speed
variations (C)4
Significant VRB BTN nnn/ —
directional AND nnn/
variations (C)5
Runway END
section (O)3
Wind direction nnn/ VRB BTN nnn/ AND nnn/ CALM
(O)3 or
VRB
Wind speed [ABV]n[n][n]MPS (or [ABV]n[n]KT)
(O)3
Significant MAX[ABV]nn[n] MNMn[n]
speed
variations (C)4
Significant VRB BTN nnn/ —
directional AND nnn/
variations (C)5

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Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special
(SPECIAL) Reports (continued)
Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Visibility (M) Name ot the VIS CAVOK VIS 350M CAVOK
element (M) VIS 7KM
VIS 10KM
Runway (O)2 RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] VIS RWY 09 TDZ 800M
END 1200M
VIS RWY 18C TDZ 6KM
RWY 27 TDZ 4000M
Runway TDZ
section (O)3
Visibilty (M) n[n][n][n]M or n[n]KM
Runway MID
section (O)3
Visibility (O)3 n[n][n][n]M or n[n]KM
Runway END
section (O)3
Visibility (O)3 n[n][n][n]M or n[n]KM
RVR (C)6 Name of the RVR RVR RWY 32 400M
element (M) RVR RWY 20 1600M
Runway (C)7 RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] RVR RWY 10L BLW 50M
Runway TDZ
RVR RWY 14 ABV 2000M
section (C)8
[ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M RVR RWY 10 BLW 150M
RVR (M)
Runway MID RVR RWY 12 ABV 1200M
section (C)8 RVR RWY12 TDZ 1100M
RVR (C)8 [ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M MID ABV 1400M
RVR RWY 16 TDZ 600M
MID 500M END 400M
RVR RWY 26 500M RWY
20 800M
Runway END
section (C)8
RVR (C)8 [ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M
Present Intensity FBL or MOD or —
weather of present HVY
(C)9, 10 weather (C)9
Characteris- DZ or RA or FG or BR or MOD RA
tics and type SN or SG or SA or DU or HVY TSRA
of present
PL or DS or HZ or FU or HVY DZ
weather (C)9,
11 SS or FZDZ or VA or SQ or FBL SN
FZUP12 or FC 13 PO or TS or HZ
or BCFG or BLDU or FG
FZRA or SHGR BLSA or BLSN or VA
or
DRDU or DRSA or MIFG
SHGS or
DRSN or FZFG or HVY TSRASN
SHRA or
MIFG or PRFG or FBL SNRA
SHSN or
SHUP12 or //12 FBL DZ FG
TSGR or TSGS HVY SHSN BLSN
or HVY TSUP
TSRA or TSSN //
or
TSUP12 or
UP12

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Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special
(SPECIAL) Reports (continued)
Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Cloud (M) 14 Name of the CLD CLD NSC
element (M) CLD SCT 300M OVC
Runway (O)2 RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] 600M
Cloud amount FEW or SCT or OBSC NSC or NCD12 (CLD SCT 1000FT OVC
(M) or vertical BKN or OVC or 2000FT)
visibility (O)9 ///12
— CLD OBSC VER VIS
Cloud type CB or TCU or 150M
(C)9 ///12
(CLD OBSC VER VIS
500FT)
CLD BKN TCU 270M
(CLD BKN TCU 900FT)
CLD RWY 08R BKN 60M
RWY 26 BKN 90M)
(CLD RWY 08R BKN
200FT RWY 26 BKN
300FT)
CLD /// CB ///M (CLD ///
CB ///FT)
CLD /// CB 400M (CLD ///
CB 1200FT)
CLD NCD
Height of n[n][n][n] M (or [VER VIS
cloud base n[n][n][n] FT) or n[n][n]M
or the value ///M (or ///FT)12 (or VER
of vertical VIS
visibility (C)9 n[n][n][n]
FT)] or
VER VIS
///M (or
VER VIS
///FT)12
Air Name of the T T17
temperature element (M) TMS08
(M) Air [MS]nn
temperature
(M)
Dew-point Name of the DP DP15
temperature element (M) DPMS18
(M) Dew-point [MS]nn
temperature
(M)
Pressure Name of the QNH QNH 0995HPA
values (M) element (M) QNH 1009HPA
QNH (M) nnnnHPA
Name of the QFE QNH 1022HPA QFE
element (O) 1001HPA
QFE (O) [RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]] nnnnHPA QNH 0987HPA QFE RWY
[RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] nnnnHPA] 18 0956HPA RWY 24
0955HPA

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Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special
(SPECIAL) Reports (continued)
Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Supplemen- Significant CB or TS or MOD TURB or SEV TURB or WS or GR FC IN APCH
tary infor- meteorolog- or SEV SQL or MOD ICE or SEV ICE or FZDZ or WS IN APCH 60M-WIND
mation (C)9 ical phenom- FZRA or SEV MTW or SS or DS or BLSN or FC15 360/13MPS
ena (C)9
WS RWY 12
Location IN APCH [n[n][n][n]M-WIND nnn/n[n]MPS] or IN
of the CLIMB-OUT [n[n][n][n]M-WIND nnn/n[n]MPS]
phenomenon (IN APCH [n[n][n][n]FT-WIND nnn/n[n]KT] or IN
(C)9 CLIMB-OUT [n[n][n][n]FT-WIND nnn/n[n]KT] or RWY
nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]
Recent REFZDZ or REFZRA or REDZ or RE[SH]RA or REFZRA
weather (C)9, RE[SH]SN or RESG or RESHGR or RESHGS or CB IN CLIMB-OUT
10 REBLSN or RESS or REDS or RETSRA or RETSSN RETSRA
or RETSGR or RETSGS or REFC or REPL or
REUP12 or REFZUP12 or RETSUP12 or RESHUP12
or REVA or RETS
Trend Name of the TREND TREND NOSIG
forecast element (M) TREND BECMG FEW
(O)16 600M
(TREND BECMG FEW
2000FT)
Change NOSIG BECMG or TEMPO TREND TEMPO
indicator (M)17 250/18MPS MAX25
(TREND TEMPO
250/36KT MAX50)
Period of FMnnnn and/or TLnnnn or
change (C)9 ATnnnn
Wind (C)9 nnn/[ABV]n[n][n]MPS
[MAX[ABV]nn[n]] (or
nnn/[ABV]n[n]KT [MAX[ABV]nn])
Visibility (C)9 VIS n[n][n][n]M or CAVOK TREND BECMG AT1800
VIS n[n]KM VIS 10KM NSW
TREND BECMG TL1700
VIS 800M FG
TREND BECMG FM1030
TL1130 CAVOK
Weather FBL or — NSW TREND TEMPO TL1200
phenomenon MOD or VIS 600M BECMG
intensity (C)9 HVY AT1230 VIS 8KM NSW
CLD NSC

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Table A3-1. Template for the Local Routine (MET REPORT) and Local Special
(SPECIAL) Reports (continued)
Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Weather phe- DZ or FG or TREND TEMPO FM0300
nomenon: RA or BR or TL0430 MOD FZRA
characteris- TREND BECMG FM1900
SN or SA or
tics and type VIS 500M HVY SNRA
(C)9, 10, 11 SG or DU or
TREND BECMG FM1100
PL or HZ or
MOD SN TEMPO FM1130
DS or FU or BLSN
SS or VA or TREND BECMG AT 1130
FZDZ or SQ or CLD OVC 300M
FZRA or PO or (TREND BECMG AT 1130
SHGR or FC or CLD OVC 1000FT)
SHGS or TS or TREND TEMPO TL1530
HVY SHRA CLD BKN CB
SHRA or BCFG or
360M
SHSN or BLDU or
(TREND TEMPO TL1530
TSGR or BLSA or HVY SHRA CLD BKN CB
TSGS or BLSN or 1200FT)
TSRA or DRDU or
TSSN DRSA or
DRSN or
FZFG or
MIFG or
PRFG
Name of the CLD
element (C)9
Cloud amount FEW or OBSC NSC
and vertical SCT or
visibility (C)9, BKN or
14 OVC
Cloud type CB or —
(C)9, 14 TCU
Height of n[n][n][n] [VER VIS
cloud base M (or n[n][n]M
or the value n[n][n][n] (or VER
of vertical FT) VIS
visibility (C)9, n[n][n][n]
14 FT)]
1 Fictitous location.
2 Optional values for one or more runways.
3 Optinal values for one or more sections of the runway.
4 To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 c).
5 To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 b) 1).
6 To be included if visibility or RVR < 1500m.
7 To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.4 d)
8 To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.4 c).
9 To be included whenever applicable.
10 One or more, up to a maximum of three groups, in accordance with 4.4.2.9 a), 4.8.1.1 and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.3.
11 Precipitation types listed under 4.4.2.3 a) may be combined in accordance with 4.4.2.9 c) and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.1. Only
moderate or heavy precipitation to be indicated in trend forecast in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.4.1.
12 For automated reports only.
13 Heavy used to indicate tornado or waterspout; moderate used to indicate funnel cloud not reaching the ground.
14 Up to four cloud layers in accordance with 4.5.4.3 e).
15 Abbreviation plain language may be used in accordance with 4.8.1.2.
16 To be included in accordance with Chapter 6, 6.3.2.
17 Number of change indicators to be kept to a minimum in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.1, normally not exceeding three groups.
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Table A3-2. Template for METAR and SPECI

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological conditions or method of observation
O = inclusion optional
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numer- NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations used
ical elements included in METAR and SPECI are can be found in the PANS-ABC (Doc 8400).
shown in Table A3-5 of this Appendix.

Table A3-2. Template for METAR and SPECI

Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Identification Type of report METAR, METAR COR, SPECI or SPECI COR METAR
of the type of (M) METAR COR
report (M)
SPECI
Location ICAO location nnnn YUDO1
indicator (M) indicator (M)
Time of the Day and actual nnnnnnZ 221630Z
observation time of the
(M) observation in
UTC (M)
Indentifica- Automated or AUTO or NIL AUTO
tion of an missing report NIL
automated identifier (C)
or missing
report (C)2
END OF METAR IF THE REPORT IS MISSING.
Surface wind Wind direction nnn VRB 24004MPS VRB01MPS
(M) (M) (24008KT) (VRB02KT)
Wind speed (M) [P]nn[n] 19006MPS
(19012KT)
00000MPS
(00000KT)
140P149MPS
(140P99KT)
Significant G[P]nn[n] 12003G09MPS
speed (12006G18KT)
variations (C)3
24008G14MPS
Units of MPS (or KT)
measurement (24016G28KT)
(M)
Significant nnnVnnn – 02005MPS 350V070
directional (02010KT 350V070)
variations (C)4
Visibility (M) Prevailing nnnn CAVOK 0350 CAVOK
or minimum 7000
visibility (M)5
9999
0800
Minimum nnnn[N] or nnnn[NE] or nnnn[E] or 2000 1200NW
visibility and nnnn[SE] or nnnn[S] or nnnn[SW] or 6000 2800E
direction of nnnn[W] or nnnn[NW]
6000 2800
the minimum
visibility (C)6
RVR (C)7 Name of the R R32/0400
element (M) R12R/1700
Runway (M) nn[L]/ or nn[C]/ or nn[R]/ R10/M0050
R14L/P2000

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Table A3-2. Template for METAR and SPECI (continued)

Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
RVR (M) [P or M]nnnn R16L/0650 R16C/0500
R16R/0450 R17L/0450
RVR past U, D or N R12/1100U
tendency (C)8 R26/0550N R20/0800D
R12/0700
Present Intensity or - or + — VC
weather (C)2, proximity
9 of present
weather (C)10
Characteristics DZ or RA FG or FG or RA HZ VCFG
and type or BR or SA or PO or +TSRA FG VCSH
of present SN or SG FC or
DU or HZ or +DZ VA VCTS
weather (M)11 or
FU or VA or DS or -SN MIFG VCBLSA
PL or DS SS or +TSRASN
SQ or PO or
or
TS or TS or -SNRA
SS or
BCFG or SH or DZ FG
FZDZ or
BLDU or BLSN +SHSN BLSN
FZRA or or
BLSA or UP
FZUP12 BLSA
or BLSN or FZUP
or
FC13 or DRDU or TSUP FZUP
BLDU
SHGR or DRSA or or VA //
SHGS or DRSN or
SHRA or FZFG or
SHSN or MIFG or
SHUP12 PRFG or
or //12
TSGR or
TSGS or
TSRA or
TSSN or
TSUP12
or UP12
Cloud (M)14 Cloud amount FEWnnn VVnnn or NSC or FEW015 VV005
and height of or VV///12 NCD12 OVC030 VV/// NSC
cloud base or SCTnnn SCT010 OVC020
vertical visibility or BKN/// ///015
(M) BKNnnn
or
OVCnnn
or
FEW///12
or
SCT///12
or
BKN///12
or
OVC///12
or ///nn12
or //////12
Cloud Type (C)2 CB or — BKN009TCU NCD
TCU or SCT008 BKN025///
///12 BKN025CB
///CB

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Table A3-2. Template for METAR and SPECI (continued)

Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Air and Air and [M]nn/[M]nn 17/10
dew-point dew-point 02/M08
temperature temperatures
M01/M10
(M) (M)
Pressure Name of the Q Q0995
values (M) element (M) Q1009
QNH (M) nnnn
Q1022
Q0987
Supplemen- Recent weather REFZDZ or REFZRA or REDZ or RE[SH]RA or REFZRA
tary informa- (C)2, 9 RE[SH]SN or RESG or RESHGR or RESHGS RETSRA
tion (C) or REBLSN or RESS or REDS or RETSRA or
RETSSN or RETSGR or RETSGS or RETS
or REFC or REVA or REPL or REUP12 or
REFZUP12 or RETSUP12 or RESHUP12
Wind shear (C) WS Rnn[L] or WS Rnn[C] or WS Rnn[R] or
2 WS R03
WS ALL RWY WS ALL RWY
WSR18C
Sea-surface W[M]nn/Sn or W[M]nn/Hn[n][n] W15/S2
temperature W12/H75
and state of
the sea or
significant wave
height (C)15
State Runway Rnn[L]/ or Rnn[C]/ or Rnn[R]/ R/SNOCLO R99/421594
of designa- R/SNOCLO
the tor (M)
R14L/CLRD//
run- Runway n or / CLRD//
16
way deposits
(M)
Extent of n or /
runway
contami-
nation (M)
Depth of nn or //
deposit
(M)
Friction nn or //
coeffi-
cient or
braking
action (M)
Trend Change NOSIG BECMG or TEMPO NOSIG BECMG
forecast indicator (M)18 FEW020
(O)17 Period of FMnnnn and/or TLnnnn or
change (C)2 ATnnnn
Wind (C)2 nnn[P]nn[n][G[P]nn[n]]MPS (or TEMPO 25018G25MPS
nnn[P]nn[G[P]nn]KT) (TEMPO 25035G50KT)

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Table A3-2. Template for METAR and SPECI (continued)

Element as
Detailed
specified in Template(s) Examples
Content
Chapter 4
Prevailing nnnn CAVOK BECMG FM1030 TL1130
visibility (C)2 CAVOK
Weather - or + — NSW BECMG TL1700 0800 FG
phenomenon: BECMG AT1800 9000 NSW
intensity (C)10
BECMG FM1900 0500
Weather DZ or FG or
+SNRA
phenomenon: RA or BR or
characteristics BECMG FM1100 SN TEMPO
SN or SA or
and type (C)2, 9, FM1130 BLSN
SG or DU or
11 TEMPO FM0330 TL0430
PL or HZ or
FZRA
DS or FU or
TEMPO TL1200 0600
SS or VA or
BECMG AT1200 8000 NSW
FZDZ or SQ or
NSC
FZRA or PO or
BECMG AT1130 OVC010
FC or
SHGR TEMPO TL1530 +SHRA
or TS or
BKN012CB
SHGS BCFG
or or
SHRA or BLDU
or
SHSN or
BLSA
TSGR or
or
TSGS or
BLSN
TSRA or or
TSSN DRDU
or
DRSA
or
DRSN
or
FZFG
or
MIFG
or
PRFG
Cloud amount FEWnnn VVnnn NSC
and height of or or VV///
cloud base or SCTnnn
vertical visibility or
(C)2, 14 BKNnnn
or OVC-
nnn
Cloud type (C)2, CB or —
14 TCU
1 Fictitous location.
2 To be included whenever applicable.
3 To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 c).
4 To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 b) 1).
5 To be included in accordance with 4.2.4.4 b).
6 To be included in accordance with 4.2.4.4 a).
7 To be included if visibility or RVR <1500m; for up to a maximum of four runways in accordance with 4.3.6.5 b).
8 To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.6.
9 One or more, up to a maximum of three groups, in accordance with 4.4.2.9 a), 4.8.1.1 and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.1.
10 To be included whenever applicable; no qualifier for moderate intensity in accordance with 4.4.2.8.
11 Precipitation types listed under 4.4.2.3 a) may be combined in accordance with 4.4.2.9 c) and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.1. Only
moderate or heavy precipitation to be indicated in trend forecast in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.4.1.
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Table A3-2. Template for METAR and SPECI (continued)

12 For automated reports only.
13 Heavy used to indicate tornado or waterspout; moderate (no qualifier) to indicate funnel cloud not reaching the ground.
14 Up to four cloud layers in accordance with 4.5.4.3 e).
15 To be included in accordance with 4.8.1.5 a).
16 To be included in accordance with 4.8.1.5 b) until 4 November 2020.
17 To be included in accordance with Chapter 6, 6.3.2.
18 Number of change indicators to be kept to a minimum in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.1, normally not exceeding three groups.

Table A3-3. Use of Change Indicators in Trend Forecast

Change Indicator Time Indicator and Period Meaning
NOSIG — no significant changes are forecast
BECMG FMn1n1n1n1 TLn2n2n2n2 the change is commence at n1n1n1n1 UTC and be
forecast to completed by n2n2n2n2 UTC
TLnnnn commence at the beginning of
the trend forecast period and be
completed by nnnn UTC
FMnnnn commence at nnnn UTC and be
completed by the end of the trend
forecast period
ATnnnn occur at nnnn UTC (specified time)
—
a. commence at the beginning of
the trend forecast period and
be completed by the end of the
trend forecast period; or
b. the time is uncertain
TEMPO FMn1n1n1n1 TLn2n2n2n2 temporary commence at n1n1n1n1 UTC and
fluctuations are cease by n2n2n2n2 UTC
TLnnnn forecast to commence at the beginning of the
trend forecast period and cease by
nnnn UTC
FMnnnn commence at nnnn UTC and cease
by the end of the trend forecast
period
— commence at the beginning of the
trend forecast period and cease by
the end of the trend forecast period

Tables A3-4. Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in Local Reports
Elements as specified in Chapter 4 Range Resolution
Runway (no units) 01 - 36 1
Wind direction °true 010 - 360 10
Wind speed MPS 1 - 991 1
KT 1 - 1991 1
Visibility M 0 - 750 50
M 800 - 4900 100
KM 5 - 9 1
KM 10 - 0 (fixed value: 10KM)
Runway visual range M 0 - 375 25
M 400 - 750 50
M 800 - 2000 100
Vertical visibility M 0 - 752 15
M 90 - 600 30
FT 0 - 2502 50
FT 300 - 2000 100

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Tables A3-4. Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in Local Reports (continued)
Elements as specified in Chapter 4 Range Resolution
Clouds: height of cloud base M 0 - 752 15
M 90 - 3000 30
FT 0 - 2502 50
FT 300 - 10000 100
Air temperature; °C -80 - +60 1
Dew-point temperature
QNH; QFE hPa 0500 - 1100 1
1 There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 50m/s (100kt) or more; however, provision has
been made for reporting wind speeds up to 99m/s (199kt) for non-aeronautical purposes, as necessary.
2 Under circumstances as specified in 4.5.4.2; otherwise a resolution of 30m (100ft) is to be used.

Table A3-5. Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in METAR and SPECI
Element as specified in Chapter 4 Range Resolution
Runway (no units) 01 - 36 1
Wind direction °true 000 - 360 10
Wind speed MPS 00 - 991 1
KT 00 - 1991 1
Visibility M 0000 - 0750 50
M 0800 - 4900 100
M 5000 - 9000 1000
M 10000 - 0 (fixed value: 9999)
Runway visual range M 0000 - 0375 25
M 0400 - 0750 50
M 0800 - 2000 100
Vertical visibility 30’s M 000 - 020 1
(100’s
FT)
Clouds: height of cloud base 30’s M 000 - 100 1
(100’s
FT)
Air temperature; Dew-point temperature °C -80 - +60 1
QNH hPa 0850 - 1100 1
Sea-surface temperature °C -10 - +40 1
State of the sea (no units) 0 - 9 1
Significant wave height M 0 - 999 0.1
State of runway Runway (no units) 01-36; 88; 99 1
designator:
Runway deposit: (no units) 0-9 1
Extent of runway (no units) 1; 2; 5; 9 —
contamination:
Depth of deposits: (no units) 00-90; 92-99 1
Friction coefficient/ (no units) 00-95; 99 1
braking action:
1 There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 50m/s (100kt) or more; however, provision has
been made for reporting wind speeds up to 99m/s (199kt) for non-aeronautical purposes, as necessary.

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Example A3-1. Routine Report

a. Local routine report (same location and weather conditions as METAR):
MET REPORT YUDO 221630Z WIND 240/4MPS VIS 600M RVR RWY 12 TDZ 1000M MOD DZ FG
CLD SCT 300M OVC 600M T17 DP16 QNH 1018 HPA TREND BECMG TL1700 VIS 800M FG BECMG
AT1800 VIS 10KM NSW
b. METAR for YUDO (Donlon/International)1:
METAR YUDO 221630Z 24004MPS 0600 R12/1000U DZ FG SCT010 OVC020 17/16 Q1018 BECMG
TL1700 0800 FG BECMG AT1800 9999 NSW
Meaning of both reports:
Routine report for Donlon/International1 issued on the 22nd of the month at 1630 UTC; surface wind direction
240 degrees; wind speed 4 meters per second; visibility (along the runway(s) in the local routine report;
prevailing visibility in METAR) 600 meters; runway visual range representative of the touchdown zone for
runway 12 is 1000 meters and the runway visual range values have shown an upward tendency during
previous 10 minutes (RVR tendency to be included in METAR only); and moderate drizzle and fog; scattered
cloud at 300 meters; overcast at 600 meters; air temperature 17 degrees Celsius; dew-point temperature
16 degrees Celsius; QNH 1018 hectopascals; trend during next 2 hours, visibility (along the runway(s) in
the local routine report; prevailing visibility in METAR) becoming 800 meters in fog by 1700 UTC; at 1800
UTC visibility (along the runway(s) in the local routine report; prevailing visibility in METAR) becoming 10
kilometers or more and nil significant weather.
NOTE: In this example, the primary units "meter per second" and "meter" were used for wind speed and
height of cloud base, respectively. However, in accordance with Annex 5, the corresponding non-SI alternative
units "knot" and "foot" may be used instead.
1 Fictitious location.

Example A3-2. Special Report

a. Local special report (same location and weather conditions as SPECI):
SPECIAL YUDO 151115Z WIND 050/25KT MAX37 MNM10 VIS 1200M RVR RWY 05 ABV 1800M HVY
TSRA CLD BKN CB 500FT T25 DP22 QNH 1008 HPA TREND TEMPO TL1200 VIS 600M BECMG
AT1200 VIS 8KM NSW NSC.
b. SPECI for YUDO (Donlon/International1):
SPECI YUDO 151115Z 05025G37KT 3000 1200NE+TSRA BKNO05CB 25/22 Q1008 TEMPO TL1200
0600 BECMG AT1200 8000 NSW NSC
Meaning of both reports:
Selected special report for Donlon/International1 issued on the 15th of the month at 1115 UTC; surface wind
direction 050 degrees; wind speed 25 knots gusting between 10 and 37 knots (minimum wind speed not
to be included in SPECI) visibility 1200 meters (along the runway(s) in the local special report); prevailing
visibility 3000 meters (in SPECI) with minimum visibility 1200 meters to north east (directional variations
to be included in SPECI only); RVR above 1800 meters on runway 05 (RVR not required in SPECI with
prevailing visibility of 3000 meters); thunderstorm with heavy rain; broken cumulonimbus cloud at 500 feet;
air temperature 25 degrees Celsius; dew-point temperature 22 degrees Celsius; QNH 1008 hectopascals;
trend during next 2 hours, visibility (along the runway(s) in the local special report; prevailing visibility in
SPECI) temporarily 600 meters from 1115 to 1200, becoming at 1200 UTC visibility (along the runway(s) in
the local special report; prevailing visibility in SPECI) 8 kilometers, thunderstorm ceases and nil significant
weather and nil significant cloud.
NOTE: In this example, the non-SI alternative units "knot" and “foot" were used for wind speed and height of
cloud base, respectively. However, in accordance with Annex 5, the corresponding primary units "meter per
second" and "meter" may be used instead.
1 Fictitious location.

Example A3-3. Volcanic Activity Report

VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORT YUSB1 231500 MT TROJEEN1 VOLCANO N5605 W12652 ERUPTED
231445 LARGE ASH CLOUD EXTENDING TO APPROX 30000 FEET MOVING SW
Meaning:
Volcanic activity report issued by Siby/Bistock meteorological station at 1500 UTC on the 23rd of the
month. Mt. Trojeen volcano 56 degrees 5 minutes north 126 degrees 52 minutes west erupted at 1445
UTC on the 23rd; a large ash cloud was observed extending to approximately 30 000 feet and moving
in a south-westerly direction.
1 Fictitious location.

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Appendix 4. Technical Specifications Aircraft icing
related to Aircraft Observations Humidity (if available)
and Reports NOTE: When air-ground data link is used while
(See Chapter 5 of this Annex.) ADS-C and SSR Mode S are not being applied, the
requirements of routine air-reports may be met by
1. CONTENTS OF AIR-REPORTS the controller pilot data link communication (CPDLC)
application entitled "Position report". The details of
1.1 ROUTINE AIR-REPORTS BY this data link application are specified in the Manual
AIR-GROUND DATA LINK of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc
1.1.1 When air-ground data link is used and 9694) and in Annex 10, Volume III, Part I.
automatic dependent surveillance (ADS-C) or SSR
Mode S is being applied, the elements contained in 1.2 SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS BY
routine air-reports shall be: AIR-GROUND DATA LINK
When air-ground data link is used, the elements con-
Message type designator
tained in special air-reports shall be:
Aircraft identification
Message type designator
Data block 1
Aircraft identification
Latitude
Data block 1
Longitude
Latitude
Level
Longitude
Time
Level
Data block 2
Time
Wind direction
Data block 2
Wind speed
Wind direction
Wind quality flag
Wind speed
Air temperature
Wind quality flag
Turbulence (if available)
Air temperature
Humidity (if available)
Turbulence (if available)
NOTE: When ADS-C or SSR Mode S is being
applied, the requirements of routine air-reports may Humidity (if available)
be met by the combination of the basic ADS-C/SSR Data block 3
Mode S data block (data block 1) and the meteoro- Condition prompting the issuance of a special
logical information data block (data block 2), available air-report (one condition to be selected from
from ADS-C or SSR Mode S reports. The ADS-C the list presented in Table A4-1).
message format is specified in the PANS-ATM (Doc
NOTE 1: The requirements of special air-reports
4444), 4.11.4 and Chapter 13 and the SSR Mode S
may be met by the data link fight information ser-
message format is specified in Annex 10, Volume III,
vice (D-FIS) application entitled "Special air-report
Part I, Chapter 5.
service". The details of this data link application are
1.1.2 When air-ground data link is used while specified in Doc 9694.
ADS-C and SSR Mode S are not being applied, the
NOTE 2: In the case of a special air-report of
elements contained in routine reports shall be:
pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruption or
Message type designator volcanic ash cloud, additional requirements are indi-
Section 1 (Position information) cated in 4.2.
Aircraft identification 1.3 SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS BY VOICE
Position or latitude and longitude COMMUNICATIONS
Time When voice communications are used, the elements
Flight level or altitude contained in routine air-reports shall be:
Next position and time over Message type designator
Ensuing significant point Section 1 (Position information):
Section 2 (Operational information) Aircraft identification
Estimated time of arrival Position or latitude and longitude
Endurance Time
Section 3 (Meteorological information) Level or range of levels
Air temperature Section 3 (Meteorological information):
Wind direction Conditions prompting the issuance of a spe-
Wind speed cial air-report, to be selected from the list pre-
sented in Table A4-1.
Turbulence
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NOTE 1: Air-reports are considered routine by
default. The message type designator for special
air-reports is specified in the PANS-ATM (Doc 4444),
Appendix 1.
NOTE 2: In the case of a special air-report of
pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruption or
volcanic ash cloud, additional requirements are indi-
cated in 4.2.
2. CRITERIA FOR REPORTING
2.1 GENERAL
When air-ground data link is used, the wind direc-
tion, wind speed, wind quality flag, air temperature,
turbulence and humidity included in air-reports shall
be reported in accordance with the following criteria.
2.2 WIND DIRECTION
The wind direction shall be reported in terms of
degrees true, rounded to the nearest whole degree.
2.3 WIND SPEED
The wind speed shall be reported in meters per sec-
ond or knots, rounded to the nearest 1m/s (1kt). The
units of measurement used for the wind speed shall
be indicated.
2.4 WIND QUALITY FLAG
The wind quality flag shall be reported as 0 when the
roll angle is less than 5 degrees and as 1 when the
roll angle is 5 degrees or more.
2.5 AIR TEMPERATURE
The air temperature shall be reported to the nearest
tenth of a degree Celsius.
2.6 TURBULENCE
The turbulence shall be reported in terms of the cube
root of the Eddy Dissipation Rate (EDR).
2.6.1 Routine Air-reports
The turbulence shall be reported during the en-route
phase of the flight and shall refer to the 15-minute
period immediately preceding the observation. Both
the average and peak value of turbulence, together
with the time of occurrence of the peak value to the
nearest minute, shall be observed. The average and
peak values shall be reported in terms of the cube
root of EDR. The time of occurrence of the peak value
shall be reported as indicated in Table A4-2. The tur-
bulence shall be reported during the climb-out phase
for the first 10 minutes of the flight and shall refer
to the 30-second period immediately preceding the
observation. The peak value of turbulence shall be
observed.
2.6.2 Interpretation of the Turbulence Report
Turbulence shall be considered:
a. severe when the peak value of the cube root of
EDR exceeds 0.7;
b. moderate when the peak value of the cube root
of EDR is above 0.4 and below or equal to 0.7;
c. light when the peak value of the cube root of
EDR is above 0.1 and below or equal 0.4; and
d. nil when the peak value of the cube root of EDR
is below or equal to 0.1.
NOTE: The EDR is an aircraft-independent measure
of turbulence. However, the relationship between
the EDR value and the perception of turbulence is
a function of aircraft type, and the mass, altitude,
configuration and airspeed of the aircraft. The EDR
values given above describe the severity levels
for a medium-sized transport aircraft under typi-
cal en-route conditions (i.e. altitude, airspeed and
weight).
2.6.3 Special Air-reports
Special air-reports on turbulence shall be made dur-
ing any phase of the flight whenever the peak value
of the cube root of EDR exceeds 0.4. The special
air-report on turbulence shall be made with reference
to the 1-minute period immediately preceding the
observation. Both the average and peak value of
turbulence shall be observed. The average and peak
values shall be reported in terms of the cube root
of EDR. Special air-reports shall be issued every
minute until such time as the peak values of the cube
root of EDR fall below 0.4.
2.7 HUMIDITY
The humidity shall be reported as the relative humid-
ity, rounded to the nearest whole per cent.
NOTE: The ranges and resolutions for the meteoro-
logical elements included in air-reports are shown in
Table A4-3.

Table A4-1. Template for the Special Air-report (Downlink)

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional; included whenever available
NOTE: Message to be prompted by the pilot-in-command. Currently only the condition "SEV TURB" can be
automated (see 2.6.3).

Table A4-1. Template for the Special Air-report (Downlink)

Element as specified
Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
in Chapter 5
Message type designator (M) Type of the air-report (M) ARS ARS
Aircraft identification (M) Aircraft radiotelephony call nnnnnn VA812
sign (M)
DATA BLOCK 1

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Table A4-1. Template for the Special Air-report (Downlink) (continued)

Element as specified
Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
in Chapter 5
Latitude (M) Latitude in degrees and Nnnnn or Snnnn S4506
minutes (M)
Longitude (M) Longitude in degrees and Wnnnnn or Ennnnn E01056
minutes (M)
Level (M) Flight level (M) FLnnn or FLnnn to FL330
FLnnn FL280 to FL310
Time (M) Time of occurrence in hours OBS AT nnnnZ OBS AT 1216Z
and minutes (M)
DATA BLOCK 2
Wind direction (M) Wind direction in degrees true nnn/ 262/
(M)
Wind speed (M) Wind speed in meters per nnnMPS (or nnnKT) 40MPS
second (or knots) (M) (080KT)
Wind quality flag (M) Wind quality flag (M) n 1
Air temperature (M) Air temperature in tenths of T[M]nnn T127
degrees C (M) TM455
Turbulence (C) Turbulence in hundredths EDRnnn/nn EDR064/08
of m2/3 s-1 and the time of
occurrence of the peak value
(C)1
Humidity (C) Relative humidity in per cent RHnnn RH054
(C)
DATA BLOCK 3
Condition prompting the SEV TURB [EDRnnn]2 SEV TURB EDR076
issuance of a special or VA CLD FL050/100
air-report (M) SEV ICE or
SEV MTW or
TS GR3 or
TS3 or
HVY SS4 or
VA CLD [FLnnn/nnn] or
VA5 [MT nnnnnnnnnn
nnnnnnnnnn] or
MOD TURB [EDRnnn]2
or
MOD ICE
1 The time of occurrence to be reported in accordance with Table A4-2.
2 The turbulence index to be reported in accordance with 2.6.3.
3 Obscured, embedded or widespread thunderstorms or thunderstorms in squall lines.
4 Duststorm or sandstorm.
5 Pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption.

Table A4-2. Time of Occurrence of the Peak Value to be reported

Peak Value of Turbulence occurring during the one-minute
Value to be reported
Period ....... minutes prior to the Observation
0 - 1 0
1 - 2 1
2 - 3 2
... ...
13 - 14 13
14 - 15 14
No timing information available 15

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Table A4-3. Ranges and Resolutions for the Meteorological Elements included in Air-reports
Element as specified in Chapter 5 Range Resolution
Wind direction °true 000 - 360 1
Wind speed MPS 00 - 125 2
KT 00 - 250 1
Wind quality flag (index)1 0 - 1 1
Air temperature °C -80 - +60 0.1
Turbulence: routine air-report m2/3 s-1 0 - 2 0.01
(time of 0 - 15 1
occurrence)1
Turbulence: special air-report m2/3 s-1 0 - 2 0.01
Humidity % 0 - 100 1
1 Non-dimensional.

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/ FORECAST - ANNEX 3
Appendix 5. Technical Specifications 1.1.2 Recommendation – Until 4 November
related to Forecasts 2020, TAF should be disseminated in IWZZM GML
form in addition to the dissemination of the TAF in
(See Chapter 6 of this Annex.)
accordance with 1.1.1. As of 5 November 2020, TAF
1. CRITERIA RELATED TO TAF shall be disseminated in IWXXM GML form in addi-
tion to the dissemination of the TAF in accordance
1.1 TAF FORMAT with 1.1.1.
1.1.1 TAF shall be issued in accordance with the NOTE: The technical specifications for IWXXM are
template shown in Table A5-1 and disseminated in contained in the Manual on Codes (WMO-No.306),
the TAF code form prescribed by the World Meteoro- Volume I.3, Part D - Representation Derived from
logical Organization (WMO). Data Models. Guidance on the implementation of
NOTE: The TAF code form is contained in the Man- IWXXM is provided in the Manual on the Digital
ual on Codes (WMO-No. 306), Volume I.1, Part A - Exchange of Aeronautical Meteorological Informa-
Alphanumeric Codes. tion (Doc 10003).

Table A5-1. Template for TAF

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological condition or method of observation
O = inclusion optional
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in TAF are shown in Table A5-4
of this Appendix.
NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations used can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation
Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400).

Table A5-1. Template for TAF

Element as
specified in Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
Chapter 6
Identification Type of forecast TAF or TAF AMD or TAF COR TAF
of the type of (M) TAF AMD
forecast (M)
Location ICAO location nnnn YUDO1
indicator (M) indicator (M)
Time of issue of Day and time nnnnnnZ 160000Z
forecast (M) of issue of the
forecast in UTC
(M)
Identification Missing forecast NIL NIL
of a missing identifier (C)
forecast (C)
END OF TAF IF THE FORECAST IS MISSING
Day and period Days and period of nnnn/nnnn 0812/0918
of validity of the validity of the
forecast (M) forecast in UTC
(M)
Identification Cancelled forecast CNL CNL
of a cancelled identifier (C)
forecast (C)
END OF TAF IF THE FORECAST IS CANCELLED

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Table A5-1. Template for TAF (continued)

Element as
specified in Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
Chapter 6
Surface wind Wind direction (M) nnn or VRB2 24004MPS;
(M) VRB01MPS
(24008KT);
(VRB02KT)
19005MPS
(19010KT)
Wind speed (M) [P]nn[n] 00000MPS
(00000KT)
140P49MPS
(140P99KT)
Significant speed G[P]nn[n] 12003G09MPS
variations (C)3 (12006G18KT)
Units of MPS (or KT) 24008G14MPS
measurement (M)
(24016G28KT)
Visibility (M) Prevailing visibility nnnn CAVOK 0350 CAVOK
(M) 7000
9000
9999
Weather (C)4, 5 Intensity - or + — RA HZ
of weather +TSRA FG
phenomena (C)6
-FZDZ PRFG
Characteristics DZ or RA or FG or BR
+TSRASN
and type SN or SG or or SA or
of weather DU or HZ SNRA FG
PL or DS or
phenomena (C)7 or FU or
SS or VA or SQ
or
FZDZ or PO or FC
FZRA or or TS or
SHGR or BCFG or
SHGS or BLDU or
BLSA or
SHRA or
BLSN or
SHSN or DRDU or
TSGR or DRSA or
TSGS or DRSN or
FZFG or
TSRA or
MIFG or
TSSN PRFG
Cloud (M)8 Cloud amount and FEWnnn VVnnn NSC FEW010 VV005
height of base or or or OVC020 VV///
vertical visibility SCTnnn
VV/// NSC
(M) or
BKNnnn SCT005 BKN012
or
OVCnnn
Cloud type (C)4 CB or — SCT008 BKN025CB
TCU

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Table A5-1. Template for TAF (continued)

Element as
specified in Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
Chapter 6
Temperature Name of the TX TX25/1013Z TN09/1005Z
(O)9 element (M) TX05/2112Z TNM02/2103Z
Maximum [M]nn/
temperature (M)
Day and time nnnnZ
of occurrence
of the maximum
temperature (M)
Name of the TN
element (M)
Minimum [M]nn/
temperature (M)
Day and time nnnnZ
of occurrence
of the minimum
temperature (M)
Expected Change or PROB30 [TEMPO] or PROB40 TEMPO 0815/0818
significant probability [TEMPO] or BECMG or 25017G25MPS
changes to one indicator (M) TEMPO or FM (TEMPO 0815/0818
or more of the 25034G50KT)
Period of nnnn/nnnn or nnnnnn11
above elements
occurrence or TEMPO 2212/2214
during the
change (M) 17006G13MPS 1000
period of
validity (C) 4, Wind (C)4 nnn[P]nn[n][G[P]nn[n]]MPS TSRA SCT010CB BKN020
10 or (TEMPO 2212/2214
VRBnnMPS 17012G26KT 1000
(or TSRA SCT010CB BKN020)
nnn[P]nn[G[P]nn]KT BECMG 3010/3011
00000MPS 2400 OVC010
or
(BECMG 3010/3011 00000KT
VRBnnKT)
2400 OVC010)
Prevailing visibility nnnn CAVOK
PROB30 1412/1414 0800 FG
(C)4
- or + — BECMG 1412/1414 RA
Weather NSW
phenomenon: TEMPO 2503/2504 FZRA
intensity (C)6 TEMPO 0612/0615 BLSN
PROB40 TEMPO 2923/3001
0500 FG
Weather DZ or FG or
phenomenon: RA or BR or SA
characteristics and SN or or
type (C)4, 7 SG or DU or HZ
PL or DS or
or

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Table A5-1. Template for TAF (continued)

Element as
specified in Detailed Content Template(s) Examples
Chapter 6
SS or FU or VA
FZDZ oror
FZRA orSQ or
PO or
SHGR or
FC or TS
SHGS or
or
SHRA or
BCFG or
SHSN or
BLDU or
TSGR or
BLSA or
TSGS or
BLSN or
TSRA or
DRDU or
TSSN
DRSA or
DRSN or
FZFG or
MIFG or
PRFG
Cloud amount and FEWnnn VVnnn or NSC FM051230 15015KMH 9999
height of base or or VV/// BKN020
vertical visibility SCTnnn (FM051230 15008KT 9999
(C)4 or BKN020)
BKNnnn
BECMG 1618/1620 8000
or
NSW NSC
OVCnnn
— BECMG 2306/2308
Cloud type (C) 4 CB or
SCT015CB BKN020
TCU
1 Fictitious location.
2 To be used in accordance with 1.2.1.
3 To be included in accordance with 1.2.1.
4 To be included whenever applicable.
5 One or more, up to a maximum of three, groups in accordance with 1.2.3.
6 To be included whenever applicable in accordance with 1.2.3. No qualifier for moderate intensity.
7 Weather phenomena to be included in accordance with 1.2.3.
8 Up to four cloud layers in accordance with 1.2.4.
9 To be included in accordance with 1.2.5, consisting of up to a maximum of four temperatures (two
maximum temperatures and two minimum temperatures).
10 To be included in accordance with 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5.
11 To be used with FM only.

Table A5-2. Use of Change and Time Indicators in TAF

Change or Time
Time Period Meaning
Indicator
FM ndndnhnhnmnm used to indicate a significant change in most weather elements
occurring at ndnd day, nhnh hours and nmnm minutes (UTC); all the
elements given before "FM" are to be included following “FM” (i.e. they
are all superseded by those following the abbreviation)
BECMG nd1nd1nh1nh1/ the change is forecast to commence at nd1nd1 day and nh1nh1 hours
nd2nd2nh2nh2 (UTC) and be completed by nd2nd2 day and nh2nh2 hours (UTC);
only those elements for which a change is forecast are to be given
following “BECMG”; the time period nd1nd1nh1nh1/nd2nd2nh2nh2nh2
should normally be less than 2 hours and in any case should not
exceed 4 hours

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Table A5-2. Use of Change and Time Indicators in TAF (continued)

Change or Time
Time Period Meaning
Indicator
TEMPO nd1nd1nh1nh1/ temporary fluctuations are forecast to commence at nd1nd1 day and
nd2nd2nh2nh2 nh1nh1 hours (UTC) and cease by nd2nd2 day and nh2nh2 hours (UTC);
only those elements for which fluctuations are forecast are to be given
following “TEMPO”; temporary fluctuations should not last more than
one hour in each instance, and in the aggregate, cover less than half
of the period nd1nd1nh1nh1/nd2nd2nh2nh2
PROBnn — nd1nd1nh1nh1/ probability of occurrence (in %) of —
nd2nd2nh2nh2 an alternative value of a forecast
TEMPO nd1nd1nh1nh1/ element or elements; nn = 30 or
probability of occurrence of
nd2nd2nh2nh2 nn = 40 only; to be placed after the
temporary fluctuations
element(s) concerned

Table A5-4. Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in TAF
Element as specified in Chapter 6 Range Resolution
Wind direction: ° true 000 - 360 10
Wind speed: MPS 00 - 991 1
KT 00 - 1991 1
Visibility: M 0000 - 0750 50
M 0800 - 4900 100
M 5000 - 9000 1000
M 10000 – 0 (fixed value: 9999)
Vertical visibility: 30’s M (100’s 000 - 020 1
FT)
Cloud: height of base: 30’s M (100’s 000 - 100 1
FT)
Air temperature (maximum and minimum): °C -80 - +60 1
1 There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 50m/s (100kt) or more; however, provision has
been made for reporting wind speeds up to 99m/s (199kt) for non-aeronautical purposes, as necessary.

Example A5-1. TAF

TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)1:
TAF YUDO 160000Z 1606/1624 13005MPS 9000 BKN020 BECMG 1606/1608 SCT015CB BKN020 TEMPO
1608/1612 17006G12MPS 1000 TSRA SCT010CB BKN020 FM161230 15004MPS 9999 BKN020
Meaning:
TAF for Donlon/International1 issued on the 16th of the month at 0000 UTC valid from 0600 UTC to 2400 UTC
on the 16th of the month; surface wind direction 130 degrees; wind speed 5 meters per second; visibility 9
kilometers, broken cloud at 600 meters; becoming between 0600 UTC and 0800 UTC on the 16th of the
month, scattered cumulonimbus cloud at 450 meters and broken cloud at 600 meters; temporarily between
0800 UTC and 1200 UTC on the 16th of the month surface wind direction 170 degrees; wind speed 6 meters
per second gusting to 12 meters per second; visibility 1000 meters in a thunderstorm with moderate rain,
scattered cumulonimbus cloud at 300 meters and broken cloud at 600 meters; from 1230 UTC on the 16th of
the month surface wind direction 150 degrees; wind speed 4 meters per second; visibility 10 kilometers or
more; and broken cloud at 600 meters.
NOTE: In this example, the primary units "meter per second" and "meter" were used for wind speed and
height of cloud base, respectively. However, in accordance with Annex 5, the corresponding non-SI alternative
units "knot" and “foot" may be used instead.
1 Fictitious location.

Example A5-2. Cancellation of TAF

Cancellation of TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)1:
TAF AMD YUDO 161500Z 1606/1624 CNL
Meaning:
Amended TAF for Donlon/International1 issued on the 16th of the month at 1500 UTC cancelling the
previously issued TAF valid from 0600 UTC to 2400 UTC on the 16th of the month.
1 Fictitious location.

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Appendix 6. Technical Specifications NOTE: Data type designators to be used in abbrevi-
related to SIGMET and AIRMET ated headings for SIGMET, AIRMET tropical cyclone
and volcanic ash advisory messages are given in
Information, Aerodrome Warnings the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System
and Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts (WMO-No. 386).
(See Chapter 7 of this Annex.)

Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable
= = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numer- NOTE 2: Severe or moderate icing and severe or
ical elements included in SIGMET/AIRMET mes- moderate turbulence (SEV ICE, MOD ICE, SEV
sages and in special air-reports are shown in Table TURB, MOD TURB) associated with thunderstorms,
A6-4 of this Appendix. cumulonimbus clouds or tropical cyclones should not
be included.

Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
Location ICAO location nnnn YUCC 2
indicator of indicator of YUDD 2
FIR/CTA (M)1 the ATS unit
serving the FIR
or CTA to which
the SIGMET/
AIRMET refers
Identification Message SIGMET [n][n]n AIRMET [n][n]n SIGMET 1 AIRMET 9
(M) identification SIGMET 01 AIRMET 19
and sequence
SIGMET A01 AIRMET B19
number3
Validity period Date-time VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn VALID 010000/010400
(M) groups VALID 221215/221600
indicating
VALID 101520/101800
the period of
validity in UTC VALID 251600/252200
VALID 152000/160000
VALID 192300/200300
Location Location nnnn– YUDO–2
indicator of indicator YUSO–2
MWO (M) of MWO
originating the
message with
a separating
hyphen
Name of the Location nnnn nnnn nnnnnnnnnn YUCC YUCC AMSWELL
FIR/CTA (M) indicator and nnnnnnnnnn
FIR[/n] AMSWELL FIR2 FIR/22
name of the FIR YUDD YUDD SHANLON
FIR/CTA4 for or UIR SHANLON2 FIR2
which the
or FIR/UIR FIR/UIR 2
SIGMET/
AIRMET is or UIR
issued nnnn FIR/UIR
nnnnnnnnnn YUDD
CTA SHANLON
CTA2
IF THE SIGMET OR AIRMET MESSAGE IS TO BE CANCELLED, SEE DETAILS AT THE END OF THE
TEMPLATE
Status indicator Indicator of test TEST or EXER TEST or EXER TEST TEST
(C)5 or exercise EXER EXER
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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
Phenomenon Description of OBSC7 TS[GR8] SFC WIND OBSC TS SFC WIND
(M)6 phenomenon nnn/nn[n] MPS OBSC TSGR 040/40MPS
causing the (or SFC WIND SFC WIND
EMBD TS
issuance of nnn/nn[n]KT) 310/20KT
SIGMET/
SFC VIS 1500M
AIRMET
(BR)
EMBD 9 TS[GR8] SFC VIS nnnnM EMBD TSGR ISOL TS
FRQ10 TS[GR 8] (nn)16 FRQ TS ISOL TSGR
SQL11 TS[GR8] ISOL17 TS[GR]8 FRQ TSGR OCNL TS
OCNL18 TS[GR8]
TC SQL TS OCNL TSGR
MT OBSC
nnnnnnnnn SQL TSGR MT OBSC
PSN BKN CLD
TC GLORIA PSN BKN CLD
Nnn[nn] or [n]nnn/ N10 120/900M
Snn[nn] [ABV][n]nnnM
W060 CB BKN CLD
Wnnn[nn] or (or BKN 400/3000FT
TC NN PSN
Ennn[nn] CLD[n]nnn/
S2030 BKN CLD
CB orTC NN12 [ABV][n]nnnnFT) 1000/5000ft
E06030 CB
PSN Nnn[nn] or BKN CLD BKN CLD
SEV TURB
or Snn[nn] SFC/[ABV][n]nnnM SFC/3000M
SEV ICE
Wnnn[nn] (or BKN CLD BKN CLD
SEV ICE(FZRA)
or Ennn[nn] CB SFC/[ABV] SFC/ABV10000FT
SEV MTW
SEV TURB13 [n]nnnnFT) OVC CLD
270/ABV3000M
SEV ICE14 OVC CLD
SEV ICE nnn/[ABV][n]nnnM
(FZRA)14 (or OVC CLD
SEV MTW15 [n]nnn/[ABV]
HVY DS [n]nnnnFT)
or OVC CLD
SFC/[ABV][n]nnnM
(or OVC CLD
SFC/[ABV]
[n]nnnnFT)
HVY SS ISOL17 CB19 HVY DS OVC CLD
[VA ERUPTION] OCNL18 CB19 HVY SS 900/ABV10000FT
FRQ10 CB19 OVC CLD
[MT VA ERUPTION
nnnnnnnnnn] ISOL17 TCU19 MT ASHVAL2 1000/5000ft
OCNL18 TCU19 PSN S15 E073 OVC CLD
[PSN Nnn[nn] or
FRQ10 TCU19 SFC/3000M
Snn[nn] VA CLD
Ennn[nn] or RDOACT CLD OVC CLD
Wnnn[nn]] SFC/ABV10000FT
VA CLD ISOL CB
OCNL CB
FRQ CB
ISOL TCU
OCNL TCU
FRQ TCU
MOD TURB
MOD ICE
MOD MTW

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
RDOACT CLD MOD TURB13
MOD ICE14
MOD MTW15
Observed Indication OBS [AT nnnnZ] OBS
or forecast whether the FCST [AT nnnnZ] OBS AT 1210Z
phenomenon information is
FCST
(M) observed and
expected to FCST AT 1815Z
continue, or
forecast
Location (C)20 Location Nnn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or N2020 W07005
(referring to Nnn[nn] Ennn[nn] or N48 E010
latitude and
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or S60 W160
longitude (in
degrees and Snn[nn] Ennn[nn] S0530 E16530
minutes) or N OF N50
N OF Nnn[nn] or S OF Nnn[nn] or S OF N5430
N OF Snn[nn] or S OF Snn[nn] or N OF S10
[AND] S OF S4530
W OF Wnnn[nn] or W OF W155
E OF Wnnn[nn] or E OF W45
W OF Ennn[nn] or E OF Ennn[nn] W OF E15540
or E OF E09015
N OF Nnn[nn] or N OF Snn[nn] AND N OF N1515 AND W OF E13530
S OF Nnn[nn] or S OF N45 AND N OF N40
S OF Snn[nn] N OF LINE S2520 W11510 - S2520
or W12010
W OF Wnnn[nn] or W OF Ennn[nn] SW OF LINE N50 W005 - N60 W020
AND SW OF LINE N50 W020 - N45 E010
AND NE OF LINE
N45 W020 - N40 E010
WI N6030 E02550 - N6055 E02500 -
E OF Wnnn[nn] or E OF Ennn[nn]
or
N OF LINE21 or NE OF LINE21
or E OF LINE21 or SE OF LINE21
or S OF LINE21 or SW OF LINE21
or W OF LINE21
or NW OF LINE21 Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] N6050 E02630 - N6030 E02550
Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] [- Nnn[nn] or APRX 50KM WID LINE BTN N64
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] [- W017 - N60 W010 -
Nnn[nn]
N57 E010
or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]]
ENTIRE FIR
[AND N OF LINE21
ENTIRE UIR
or NE OF LINE21
ENTIRE FIR/UIR
or E OF LINE21
ENTIRE CTA
or SE OF LINE21
WI 400KM OF TC CENTER
or S OF LINE21
WI 250KM OF TC CENTER
or SW OF LINE21
WI 30KM OF N6030 E02550
or W OF LINE21 (applicable as of 7 November 2019)
or NW OF LINE21
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]
[- Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nnJ] [- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]]]
or
WI21,22 Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]-
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]-
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]-
[Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]-
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
APRX nnKM WID LlNE21 BTN (or
nnNM WID LlNE21 BTN) Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
[- Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]
[- Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
[- Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
ENTIRE UIR
or
ENTIRE FIR
or
ENTIRE FIR/UIR
or
ENTIRE CTA
or23
WI nnnKM (or nnnNM) OF TC
CENTER
or24
WI nnKM (or nnNM) OF Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]
Level (C)20,24 Flight level or [SFC/]FLnnn or FL180
altitude [SFC/[nnnnM (or[SFC/][n]nnnnFT) SFC/FL070
or SFC/3000M
FLnnn/nnn or SFC/10000FT
TOP FLnnn or FL050/080
[TOP] ABV FLnnn (or [TOP] ABV TOP FL390
[n]nnnnFT)
ABV FL250
[nnnn/[nnnnM (or [[n]nnnn/
TOP ABV FL 100
[[n]nnnnFT) or [nnnnM/]FLnnn
3000M
(or [[n]nnnnFT/]FLnnn)
2000/3000M
or23
8000FT
TOP [ABV or BLW] FLnnn
6000/12000FT
2000M/FL150
10000FT/FL250
TOP FL500
TOP ABV FL500
TOP BLW FL450

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
Movements Movement MOV N [nnKMH] or MOV NNE MOV SE
or expected or expected [nnKMH] or MOV NE [nnKMH] or MOV NNW
movement movement MOV ENE [nnKMH] or MOV E
MOV E 40KMH
(C)20,25 (direction and [nnKMH] or MOV ESE [nnKMH] or
speed) with MOV SE [nnKMH] or MOV SSE MOV E 20KT
reference to [nnKMH] or MOV S [nnKMH] or MOV WSW 20KT
one of the MOV SSW [nnKMH] or MOV SW STNR
sixteen points [nnKMH] or MOV WSW [nnKMH]
of compass or or MOV W [nnKMH] or MOV WNW
stationary [nnKMH] or MOV NW [nnKMH] or
MOV NNW [nnKMH]
(or MOV N [nnKT] or MOV NNE
[nnKT] or MOV NE [nnKT] or MOV
ENE [nnKT] or MOV E [nnKT] or
MOV ESE [nnKT] or MOV SE [nnKT]
or MOV SSE [nnKT] or MOV S
[nnKT] or MOV SSW [nnKT] or MOV
SW [nnKT] or MOV WSW [nnKT]
or MOV W [nnKT] or MOV WNW
[nnKT] or MOV NW [nnKT] or MOV
NNW [nnKT]) or STNR
Changes in Expected INTSF or WKN or NC INTSF
intensity (C)20 changes in WKN
intensity
NC
Forecast time Indication of FCST AT nnnnZ — FCST AT 2200Z —
(C)25 the forecast
time of
phenomenon
TC forecast Forecast TC CENTRE — TC CENTRE —
position (C)23 position of PSN Nnn[nn] PSN N1030
TC center at or Snn[nn] TC CENTRE
the end of the Wnnn[nn] or PSN E1600015
validity period Ennn[nn]
of the SIGMET
message

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
Forecast Forecast Nnn[nn] — N30 W170 —
position (C)20, position of Wnnn[nn] or N OF N30
25, 26 phenomenon Nnn[nn] S OF S50 AND
at the end of Ennn[nn] or W OF E170
the validity
Snn[nn] S OF N46 AND N
period of
Wnnn[nn] or OF N39
the SIGMET
message Snn[nn] NE OF LINE N35
Ennn[nn] W020 - N45W040
or SW OF LINE N48
N OF Nnn[nn] or W020 - N43 E010
S OF Nnn[nn] or AND NE OF LINE
N43 W020 - N38
N OF Snn[nn] or
E010
S OF Snn[nn]
WI N20 W090 -
[AND]
N05 W090 - N10
W OF Wnnn[nn]
W100 -
or
N20 W100 - N20
E OF Wnnn[nn]
W090
or
APRX 50KM WID
W OF Ennn[nn]
LINE
or
BTN N64 W017 -
E OF Ennn[nn]
N57 W005 - N55
or
E010 -
N OF Nnn[nn] or
N55 E030
N OF Snn[nn]
ENTIRE FIR
AND S OF
ENTIRE UIR
Nnn[nn] or S OF
Snn[nn] ENTIRE FIR/UIR
ENTIRE CTA

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
or NO VA EXP
W OF Wnnn[nn] WI 30KM OF
or N6030 E02550
W OF Ennn[nn] (applicable as
AND E OF of 7 November
Wnnn[nn] or E 2019)
OF Ennn[nn]
or
N OF LlNE21 or
NE OF LlNE21
or
E OF LlNE21 or
SE OF LlNE21 or
S OF LlNE21 or
SW OF LlNE21
or
W OF LlNE21 or
NW OF LlNE21
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] -
Nnn[nn] or
Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]
[- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn] [AND
N OF LlNE21 or
NE OF LlNE21 or
E OF LlNE21 or
SE OF LlNE21 or
S OF LlNE21 or
SW OF LlNE21
or W OF LlNE21
or NW OF
LlNE21 Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
[- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]]

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
or
WI21, 22 Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]
or
APRX nnKM
WID LlNE21
BTN (nnNM
WID LlNE21
BTN) Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn]
or Ennn[nn]
[- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]] [
- Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]]
or
ENTIRE FIR
or
ENTIRE UIR
or
ENTIRE
FIR/UIR
or
ENTIRE CTA
or27
NO VA EXP
or24
WI nnKM
(or nnNM)
OF Nnn[nn]
or Snn[nn]
Wnnn[nn] or
Ennn[nn]

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Table A6-1A. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET Messages (continued)

SPECIAL
SIGMET
Detailed AIRMET template message AIRMET message
template
Element Content examples examples
Repetition of Repetition [AND]28 — AND —
elements (C)28 of elements
included in
a SIGMET
message
for volcanic
ash cloud
or tropical
cyclone
OR
Cancellation Cancellation CNL SIGMET CNL AIRMET CNL SIGMET 2 CNL AIRMET 05
of SIGMET/ of SIGMET/ [n][n]n [n][n]n 101200/101600 151520/151800
AIRMET (C)29 AIRMET nnnnnn/nnnnnn nnnnnn/nnnnnn CNL SIGMET
referring to its
or27 A13
identification
CNL SIGMET 251030/251430
[n][n]n nnnnnn/ VA MOV
nnnnnn TO YUDO FIR 2
VA MOV TO
nnnn FIR
1 See 4.1
2 Fictitious location.
3 In accordance with 1.1.3 and 2.1.2.
4 See 2.1.3.
5 Used only when the message issued to indicate that a test or an exercise is taking place. When the word "TEST"
or the abbreviation ’EXER’ is included, the message may contain information that should not be used operationally
or will otherwise end immediately after the word “TEST”. [Applicable 7 November 2019]
6 In accordance with 1.1.4 and 2.1.4.
7 In accordance with 4.2.1 a).
8 In accordance with 4.2.4.
9 In accordance with 4.2.1 b).
10 In accordance with 4.2.2.
11 In accordance with 4.2.3.
12 Used for unnamed tropical cyclones.
13 In accordance with 4.2.5. and 4.2.6.
14 In accordance with 4.2.7.
15 In accordance with 4.2.8.
16 In accordance with 2.1.4.
17 In accordance with 4.2.1 c).
18 In accordance with 4.2.1 d).
19 The use of cumulonimbus (CB) and towering cumulus (TCU) is restricted to AIRMETs in accordance with 2.1.4.
20 In the case of volcanic ash cloud or tropical cyclone covering more than one area within the FIR,
these elements can be repeated, as necessary.
21 A straight line is to be used between two points drawn on a map in the Mercator projection or between
two points which crosses lines of longitude at a constant angle.
22 The number of coordinates should be kept to a minimum and should not normally exceed seven.
23 Only for SIGMET messages for tropical cyclones.
24 Only for SIGMET messages for radioactive cloud. When detailed information on the release is not available,
a radius of up to 30 kilometers (or 16 nautical miles) from the source may be applied; and a vertical extent
from surface (SFC) to the upper limit of the flight information region/upper flight information region (FIR/UIR)
or control area (CTA) is to be applied. [Applicable 7 November 2019]
25 The elements "forecast time" and "forecast position" are not to be used in conjunction with the
element "movement or expected movement".
26 The levels of the phenomena remain fixed throughout the forecast period.
27 Only for SIGMET messages for volcanic ash.
28 To be used for two volcanic ash clouds or two centers of tropical cyclones simultaneously affecting the FIR concerned.
29 End of the message (as the SIGMET/AIRMET message is being cancelled).

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Table A6-1B. Template for Special Air-Reports (uplink)

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message;
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable;
= = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent
line.
NOTE: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical
elements included in special air-reports are shown in
Table A6-4 of this appendix.

Table A6-1B. Template for Special Air-Reports (uplink)

Element Detailed Content Template1, 2 Examples
Identification (M) Message identification ARS ARS
Aircraft Identification (M) Aircraft radiotelephony nnnnnn VA8123
call sign
Observed phenomenon Description of observed TS TS
(M) phenomenon causing the TSGR TSGR
issuance of the special
SEV TURB SEV TURB
air-report4
SEV ICE SEV ICE
SEV MTW SEV MTW
HVY SS HVY SS
VA CLD VA CLD
VA [MT nnnnnnnnnn] VA
MOD TURB VA MT ASHVAL5
MOD ICE MOD TURB
MOD ICE
Observation time (M) Time of observation of OBS AT nnnnZ OBS AT 1210Z
observed phenomenon
Location (C) Location (referring to NnnnnWnnnnn or N2020W07005
latitudeand longitude (in NnnnnEnnnnn or S4812E01036
degrees and minutes)) of
SnnnnWnnnnn or
observed phenomenon
SnnnnEnnnnn
Level (C) Flight level or altitude of FLnnn or FL390
observed phenomenon FLnnn/nnn or FL 180/210
nnnnM (or [n]nnnnFT) 3000M
12000FT
1 No wind and temperature to be uplinked to other aircraft in flight in accordance with 3.2.
2 See 3.1.
3 Fictitious call sign.
4 In the case of special air-report for volcanic ash cloud, the vertical extent (if observed) and
name of the volcano (if known) can be used.
5 Fictitious location.

Table A6-2. Template for Aerodrome Warnings

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numer- NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can
ical elements included in wind shear warnings are be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Ser-
shown in Table A 6-4 of this Appendix. vices - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC,
Doc 8400).

Table A6-2. Template for Aerodrome Warnings

Element Detailed Content Template Example
Location indicator of the Location indicator of the nnnn YUCC 1
aerodrome (M) aerodrome
Identification of the type Type of message and AD WRNG [n]n AD WRNG 2
of message (M) sequence number
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2005, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 102 METEOROLOGY 21 DEC 18

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SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3 q$i

Table A6-2. Template for Aerodrome Warnings (continued)

Element Detailed Content Template Example
Validity period (M) Day and time of validity VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn VALID 211230/211530
period in UTC
IF THE AERODROME WARNING IS TO BE CANCELLED, SEE DETAILS AT THE END OF THE TEMPLATE
Phenomenon (M)2 Description of TC3 nnnnnnnnnn or TC ANDREW
phenomenon causing [HVY] TS or HVY SN 25CM
the issuance of the
GR or SFC WSPD 20MPS MAX 30
aerodrome warning
[HVY] SN [nnCM]3 or VA
[HVY] FZRA or TSUNAMI
[HVY] FZDZ or
RIME4 or
[HVY] SS or
[HVY] DS or
SA or
DU or
SFC WSPD nn[n]MPS
MAX nn[n]
(SFC WSPD nn[n]KT
MAX nn[n]) or
SFC WIND nnn/nn[n]MPS
MAX nn[n]
(SFC WIND nnn/nn[n]KT
MAX nn[n]) or
SQ or
FROST or
TSUNAMI or
VA[DEPO] or
TOX CHEM or
free text up to 32
characters5
Observed or forecast Indication whether the OBS [AT nnnnZ] or OBS AT 1200Z
phenomenon (M) information is observed FCST OBS
and expected to continue,
or forecast
Changes in intensity (C) Expected changes in INTSF or WKN
intensity WKN or
NC
OR
Cancellation of Cancellation of CNL AD WRNG [n]n CNL AD WRNG 2
aerodrome warning6 aerodrome warning nnnnnn/nnnnnn 211230/2115306
referring to its
identification
1 Fictitious location.
2 One phenomenon or a combination thereof, in accordance with 5.1.3.
3 In accordance with 5.1.3.
4 Hoar frost or rime in accordance with 5.1.3.
5 In accordance with 5.1.4.
6 End of the message (as the aerodrome warning is being cancelled).

Table A6-3. Template for Wind Shear Warnings

Key: M = inclusion mandatory, part of every message
C = inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numer- NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can
ical elements included in wind shear warnings are be found in the PANS-ABC (Doc 8400).
q$z
shown in Table A 6-4 of this Appendix.

© JEPPESEN, 2005, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY 103
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION /
SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3 q$i

Table A6-3. Template for Wind Shear Warnings

Element Detailed content Template Example
Location indicator of the Location indicator of the nnnn YUCC1
aerodrome (M) aerodrome
Identification of the type Type of message and WS WRNG [n]n WS WRNG 1
of message (M) sequence number
Time of origin and Day and time of issue nnnnnn [VALID TL nnnnnn] or
211230 VALID TL
validity period (M) and, where applicable, 211330
[VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn]
validity period in UTC 221200 VALID
221215/221315
IF THE WIND SHEAR WARNING IS TO BE CANCELLED, SEE DETAILS AT THE END OF THE TEMPLATE
Phenomenon (M) Identification of the [MOD] or [SEV] WS IN APCH or WS APCH RWY12
phenomenon and its [MOD] or [SEV] WS [APCH] MOD WS RWY34
location RWYnnn
or
[MOD] or [SEV] WS IN WS IN CLIMB-OUT
CLIMB-OUT
or
[MOD] or [SEV] WS CLIMB-OUT MBST APCH RWY26
RWYnnn or
MBST IN APCH or
MBST [APCH] RWYnnn
or
MBST IN CLIMB-OUT or MBST IN CLIMB-OUT
MBST CLIMB-OUT RWYnnn
Observed, reported or Identification whether REP AT nnnn nnnnnnnn or REP AT 1510 B747
forecast phenomenon the phenomenon is OBS [AT nnnn] or OBS AT 1205
(M) observed or reported
FCST FCST
and expected to
continue or forecast
Details of the Description of SFC WIND: nnn/nnMPS (or SFC WIND: 320/5MPS
phenomenon (C)2 phenomenon causing nnn/nnKT) nnnM (nnnFT)-WIND: 60M-WIND: 360/13MPS
the issuance of the wind nnn/nnMPS (or nnn/nnKT)
(SFC WIND: 320/10KT
shear warning or
200FT-WIND:
nnKMH (or nnKT) LOSS 360/26KT)
nnKM (or nnNM) 60KMH LOSS 4KM
FNA RWYnn FNA RWY13 (30KT
or LOSS 2NM FNA
nnKMH (or nnKT) GAIN nnKM RWY13)
(or nnNM) FNA RWYnn
OR
Cancellation of wind Cancellation of wind CNL WS WRNG [n]n CNL WS WRNG 1
shear warning3 shear warning referring nnnnnn/nnnnnn 211230/21133033
to its identification
1 Fictitious location.
2 Additional provisions in 6.2.3.
3 End of the message (as the wind shear warning is being cancelled).

Table A6-4. Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in Volcanic Ash and Tropical
Cyclone Advisory Messages, SIGMET/AIRMET Messages and Aerodrome and Wind Shear Warnings
Element as specified in Appendices 2 and 6 Range Resolution
Summit elevation: M 000 - 8100 1
FT 000 - 27000 1
Advisory number: for VA (index)1 000 - 2000 1
for TC (index)1 00 - 99 1

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2005, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 104 METEOROLOGY 21 DEC 18

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION /

SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3 q$i

Table A6-4. Ranges and Resolutions for the Numerical Elements included in Volcanic
Ash and Tropical Cyclone Advisory Messages, SIGMET/AIRMET Messages and
Aerodrome and Wind Shear Warnings (continued)
Element as specified in Appendices 2 and 6 Range Resolution
Maximum surface wind: MPS 00 - 99 1
KT 00 - 199 1
Central pressure: hPa 850 - 1050 1
Surface wind speed: MPS 15 - 49 1
KT 30 - 99 1
Surface visibility: M 0000 - 0750 50
M 0800 - 5000 100
Cloud: height of base: M 000 - 300 30
FT 000 - 1000 100
Cloud: height of top: M 000 - 2970 30
M 3000 - 20000 300
FT 000 - 9900 100
FT 10000 - 60000 1000
Latitudes: ° (degrees) 00 - 90 1
’ (minutes) 00 - 60 1
Longitudes: ° (degrees) 000 -180 1
’ (minutes) 00 - 60 1
Flight levels: 000 - 650 10
Movement: KMH 0 - 300 10
KT 0 - 150 5
1 Non-dimensional.

Example A6-1. SIGMET and AIRMET Message and the Corresponding Cancellations
SIGMET
YUDD SIGMET 2 VALID 101200/101600 YUSO -
YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR OBSC TS FCST
S OF N54 AND E OF W012 TOP FL390 MOV
E 20KT WKN
AIRMET
YUDD AIRMET 1 VALID 151520/151800 YUSO -
YUDD SHANLON FIR ISOL TS OBS
N OF S50 TOP ABV FL100 STNR WKN
Cancellation of SIGMET
YUDD SIGMET 3 VALID 101345/101600 YUSO - YUDD
SHANLON FIR/UIR CNL SIGMET 2 101200/101600
Cancellation of AIRMET
YUDD AIRMET 2 VALID 151650/151800 YUSO - YUDD
SHANLON FIR CNL AIRMET 1 151520/151800

Example A6-2. SIGMET Message for Tropical Cyclone

YUCC SIGMET 3 VALID 251600/252200 YUDO -
YUCC AMSWELL FIR TC GLORIA PSN N2706 W07306 CB OBS AT 1600Z WI 250NM OF TC CENTER
TOP FL500 NC FCST AT 2200Z TC CENTER N2740 W07345
Meaning:
The third SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell
area control center) by the Donlon/International1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001 UTC;
the message is valid from 1600 UTC to 2200 UTC on the 25th of the month; tropical cyclone Gloria at 27
degrees 6 minutes n011h and 73 degrees 6 minutes west; cumulonimbus was observed at 1600 UTC within
250 nautical miles of the center of the tropical cyclone with top at flight level 500; no changes in intensity
are expected; at 2200 UTC the center of the tropical cyclone is forecast to be located at 27 degrees 40
minutes north and 73 degrees 45 minutes west.
1 Fictitious locations.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2005, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 21 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY 105
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION /
SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3 q$i

Example A6-3. SIGMET Message for Volcanic Ash

YUDD SIGMET 2 VALID 211100/211700 YUSO -
YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR VA ERUPTION MT ASHVAL PSN S1500 E07348 VA CLD OBS AT 1100Z APRX
50KM WID LINE BTN S1500 E07348 - S1530 E07642 FL310/450 INTSF FCST AT 1700Z APRX 50KM WID
LINE BTN S1506 E07500 - S1518 E08112 - S1712 E08330
Meaning:
The second SIGMET message issued for the SHANLON1 flight information region (identified by YUDD
Shanlon area control center/upper flight information region) by the Shanlon/International1 meteorological
watch office (YUSO) since 0001 UTC; the message is valid from 1100 UTC to 1700 UTC on the 21st of the
month; volcanic ash eruption of Mount Ashval1 located at 15 degrees south and 73 degrees 48 minutes
east; volcanic ash cloud observed at 1100 UTC in an approximately 50 km wide line between 15 degrees
south and 73 degrees 48 minutes east, and 15 degrees 30 minutes south and 76 degrees 42 minutes
east; between flight levels 310 and 450, intensifying at 1700 UTC the volcanic ash cloud is forecast to be
located in an approximate 50 km wide line between 15 degrees 6 minutes south and 75 degrees east,
15 degrees 18 minutes south and 81 degrees 12 minutes east, and 17 degrees 12 minutes south and
83 degrees 30 minutes east.
1 Fictitious locations.

Example A6-4. SIGMET Message for Radioactive Cloud

YUCC SIGMET 2 VALID 201200/201600 YUDO -
YUCC AMSWELL FIR RDOACT CLD OBS AT 1155Z WI S5000 W14000 - S5000 W13800 - S5200 W13800 -
S5200 W14000 - S5000 W14000 SFC/FL100 WKN FCST AT 1600Z WI S5200 W14000 - S5200 W13800 -
S5300 W13800 - S5300 W14000 - S5200 W14000
Meaning:
The second SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC
Amswell area control center) by the Donlon/International1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001
UTC; the message is valid from 1200 UTC to 1600 UTC on the 20th of the month; radioactive cloud was
observed at 1155 UTC within an area bounded by 50 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0 minutes west
to 50 degrees 0 minutes south 138 degrees 0 minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south 138 degrees 0
minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0 minutes west to 50 degrees 0 minutes south 140
degrees 0 minutes west and between the surface and flight level 100; the radioactive cloud is expected to
weaken in intensity; at 1600 UTC the radioactive cloud is forecast to be located within an area bounded by 52
degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0 minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south 138 degrees 0 minutes
west to 53 degrees 0 minutes south 138 degrees 0 minutes west to 53 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees
0 minutes west to 52 degrees 0 minutes south 140 degrees 0 minutes west.
1 Fictitious location.

Example A6-5. SIGMET Message for Severe Turbulence

YUCC SIGMET 5 VALID 221215/221600 YUDO -
YUCC AMSWELL FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1210Z N2020 W07005 FL250 INTSF FCST 1600Z S OF
N2020 E OF W06950
Meaning:
The fifth SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell
area control center) by the Donlon/International1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001 UTC; the
message is valid from 1215 UTC to 1600 UTC on the 22nd of the month; severe turbulence was observed at
1210 UTC 20 degrees 20 minutes north and 70 degrees 5 minutes west at flight level 250; the turbulence is
expected to strengthen in intensity; at 1600 UTC the severe turbulence is forecast to be located south of 20
degrees 20 minutes north and east of 69 degrees 50 minutes west.
1 Fictitious locations.

Example A6-6. AIRMET Message for Moderate Mountain Wave

YUCC AIRMET 2 VALID 221215/221600 YUDO -
YUCC AMSWELL FIR MOD MTW OBS AT 1205Z N48 E010 FL080 STNR NC
Meaning:
The second AIRMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC
Amswell area control center) by the Donlon/Intemational1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001
UTC; the message is valid from 1215 UTC to 1600 UTC on the 22nd of the month; moderate mountain wave
was observed at 1205 UTC at 48 degrees north and 10 degrees east at flight level 080; the mountain wave is
expected to remain stationary and not to undergo any changes in intensity.
1 Fictitious locations.
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2005, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 7 FEB 14 METEOROLOGY 201 q$i

ENCODING SCHEME FOR RUNWAY CONDITIONS DISSEMINATED THROUGH

EUR-RODEX (EUROPEAN REGIONAL OPMET DATA EXCHANGE)
ENCODING SCHEME FOR RUNWAY
CONDITIONS
Information of runway conditions will be expressed
by means of the figure group RDRDR/ERC ReReRBRBR
where:
R denotes the runway indicator
D RD R denotes the runway designator
ER denotes the runway deposits
CR denotes the extent or runway
contamination
e Re R denotes the depth of deposit on the
runway
B RB R denotes the friction coefficient or braking
action on the runway
The following explanations govern the composition
and use of this ten-figure group, or in the case of
several parallel runways, eleven-figure group:
RUNWAY DESIGNATOR
The message is preceded by indicator R followed
by the threshold designator (DRDR). This will be
expressed as two digits corresponding to the runway
designator, e.g. R09/, R27/, R35/, etc. Parallel run-
ways are designated by the letters L (left), C (centre)
and R (right runway).
NOTE: The information to be included in runway state
messages will be for the main instrument runway
or runway(s) in use. When parallel runways are in
use, information on both runways will be included or,
where this is not possible, the information given may
not alternate between the two runways, but should be
given for the runway with the best surface conditions.
RUNWAY DEPOSITS
The type of deposits on the RWY will be indicated by
the digits 0 to 9 or a slash (/) in accordance with the
following scale as follows:
0 — Clear and dry
1 — Damp
2 — Wet or water patches
3 — Rime or frost (Depth normally less than 1mm)
4 — Dry snow
5 — Wet snow
6 — Slush
7 — Ice
8 — Compacted or rolled snow
9 — Frozen ruts
/ — Type of deposit not reported (e.g., due to runway
clearance in progress).
EXTENT OF RUNWAY CONTAMINATION
The extent of contamination through deposits on the
runway is indicated in percentages in accordance
with the following scale: It will be expressed as a
single digit:
1 — up to 10% of runway contaminated (covered)
2 — more than 10% to 25% of runway contaminated
(covered)
5 — more than 25% to 50% of runway contaminated
(covered)
9 — more than 50% to 100% of runway contaminated
(covered)
/ — not reported (e.g., due to runway clearance in
progress).
DEPTH OF DEPOSIT ON THE RUNWAY
The depth of deposit is indicated by two digits in
accordance with the following scale:
00 less than 1mm
01 = 1 mm
02 = 2 mm
etc.
10 = 10 mm
etc.
15 = 15 mm
etc.
20 = 20 mm
etc. up to
90 = 90 mm
Thereafter, the depth is indicated by:
92 = 10 cm
93 = 15 cm
94 = 20 cm
95 = 25 cm
96 = 30 cm
97 = 35 cm
98 = 40 cm or more
99 = runway or runways non-operational due to
snow, slush, ice, large drifts or runway clearance.
// = Depth of deposit operationally not significant
or not measurable.
NOTE 1: This does not necessarily require depth to
be measured to a millimeter unit. Larger intervals up
to 90 can be expressed by using the above direct-
reading scale.
NOTE 2: Where depth is measured at a number of
points along a runway the average value should be
transmitted or, if operationally significant, the highest
value.
NOTE 3: Code figure 91 ist not used. Code figures 92
to 98 permit the depth of deposit (in cm) to be derived
by multiplying the last digit by 5 (e.g. 94 = 4 x 5 = 20).
NOTE 4: If deposits of the type reported by the code
figures 3, 7, 8 and 9 of code ER are reported, the
depth of deposits is normally not significant and
two oblique strokes (//) will be reported. Similarly,
the depth of standing water will only be reported
if an accurate and representative measurement is
guaranteed.
FRICTION CO-EFFICIENT OR BRAKING
ACTION ON THE RUNWAY
The friction co-efficient is denoted by two digits or, if
the co-efficient is not available, the estimated braking
action is denoted by two digits.
a. Friction co-efficient

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1991, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 202 METEOROLOGY 7 FEB 14

ENCODING SCHEME FOR RUNWAY CONDITIONS DISSEMINATED THROUGH

EUR-RODEX (EUROPEAN REGIONAL OPMET DATA EXCHANGE) q$i

EXAMPLE:
28 = Friction co-eficient 0.28
35 = Friction co-efficien 0.35
etc.
b. Braking action
95 = Good
94 = Medium / Good
93 = Medium
92 = Medium / Poor
91 = Poor
99 = Unreliable
// = Braking action not reported; Runway not
operational, Aerodrome closed; etc.
NOTE 1: Where braking action is assessed at a num-
ber of points along a runway, the mean value will be
transmitted or, if operationally significant, the lowest
value.
NOTE 2: If measuring equipment does not allow mea-
surement of friction with satisfactory reliability, which
may be the case when a runway is contaminated by
wet snow, slush, or loose snow, the figures 99 will be
used.
NOTE 3: If the braking conditions cannot be reported
(e.g. due to runway clearance in progress, runway
not operational, runway conditions not watched dur-
ing airport closure, etc.) two oblique strokes (//) will
be entered.
EXAMPLES
NOTE: The occasion may arise when a new report or
a valid report is not available in time for dissemination
with the appropriate METAR message. In this case,
the previous runway state report will be repeated, as
indicated by the figures R99/ in place of the runway
designator.
R99/421594 — Dry snow covering 11% to 25 % of
the runway: depth 15mm; braking action medium to
good.
R14L///99// — Runway 14L non-operational due to
runway clearance in progress.
R14L////// — Runway 14L contaminated but reports
are not available or are not updated due to aerodrome
closure or curfew, etc.
R88/////// — All runways are contaminated but reports
are not available or are not updated due to aerodrome
closure or curfew, etc.
R14L/CLRD// — Runway 14L contamination has
ceased to exist.
(No further reports will be sent unless recontamina-
tion occurs).

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1991, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 2 NOV 18 METEOROLOGY 205 q$i

AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM/RODEX

AERODROME PAVEMENT BULGARIA
CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH Burgas
SNOWTAM/RODEX Gorna Oryahovitsa
During winter period information on runway condition Plovdiv
for the listed airports is published via SNOWTAM or is Sofia
included at the end of METAR (RODEX) messages. Varna
Following countries do not specify the airports pro-
viding this information: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Cyprus, CROATIA
Gibraltar, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Dubrovnik (Cilipi)
Macedonia (FYROM), Malta, Norway, Portugal,
Osijek (Klisa)
Russia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United
Kingdom and Uzbekistan. Zagreb (Pleso)

ALBANIA CZECHIA
Tirana Brno (Turany)
Karlovy Vary
ARMENIA
Kunovice
Gyumri (Shirak)
Ostrava (Mosnov)
Yerevan (Zvartnots)
Pardubice
AUSTRIA Prague (Ruzyne)
Graz
DENMARK
Hohenems (Dornbirn)
Aalborg
Innsbruck
Aarhus
Klagenfurt
Billund
Linz
Bornholm (Ronne)
Salzburg
Copenhagen (Kastrup)
St. Johann
Copenhagen (Roskilde)
Vienna Neustadt/Ost
Esbjerg
Vienna (Schwechat)
Karup
Voslau
Odense (Hans Christian Andersen)
Wels
Sindal
Zell Am See
Sonderborg
AZERBAIJAN Stauning
Baku (Heydar Aliyev Intl) Vojens/Skrydstrup
Gabala
ESTONIA
Ganja
Kardla
Lenkoran
Kuressaare
Nakhchivan
Parnu
Zagatala
Tallinn (Lennart Meri)
BELARUS Tartu
Brest
FINLAND
Homiel
Enontekio
Hrodna
Halli
Mahiliou
Helsinki (Vantaa)
Minsk (Minsk-2)
Ivalo
Viciebsk
Joensuu
BELGIUM Jyvaskyla
Antwerp (Deurne) Kajaani
Brussels (National) Kemi (Tornio)
Charleroi (Brussels South) Kittila
Liege Kokkola-Pietarsaari
Oostende-Brugge (Oostende) Kuopio

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 206 METEOROLOGY 2 NOV 18

AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM/RODEX q$i

FINLAND FRANCE
Kuusamo Luxeuil (St Sauveur)
Lappeenranta Lyon (Bron)
Mariehamn Lyon (Saint Exupery)
Mikkeli Marseille/Provence
Oulu Metz-Nancy/Lorraine
Pori Mont-de-Marsan
Rovaniemi Montpellier/Mediterrannee
Savonlinna Nancy (Essey)
Seinajoki Nancy (Ochey)
Tampere (Pirkkala) Nantes/Atlantique
Turku Nice/Cote D’Azur
Utti Nimes (Garons)
Vaasa Orange (Caritat)
Orleans (Bricy)
FRANCE Orleans (St Denis de L’Hotel)
Agen (La Garenne)
Paris (Charles de Gaulle)
Angouleme (Brie Champniers) Paris (Le Bourget)
Annecy (Meythet) Paris (Orly)
Aurillac
Pau/Pyrenees
Avignon (Caumont)
Perpignan (Rivesaltes)
Avord
Phalsbourg (Boursheid)
Basle-Mulhouse
Pontoise (Cormeilles-en-Vexin)
Beauvais (Tille)
Quimper (Pluguffan)
Biarritz (Pays Basque)
Rennes (St Jacques)
Bordeaux (Merignac)
Rodez (Aveyron)
Brest (Bretagne)
Rouen/Vallee de Seine
Brive (Souillac)
St Dizier (Robinson)
Caen (Carpiquet)
St Etienne (Loire)
Carcassonne (Salvaza)
Strasbourg (Entzheim)
Cazaux
Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees)
Chalons (Vatry)
Toulouse (Blagnac)
Chambery (Aix les Bains)
Toulouse (Francazal)
Chateaudun
Tours (Val de Loire)
Chateauxroux (Deols)
Toussus-le-Noble
Clermont-Ferrand/Auvergne
Valence (Chabeuil)
Cognac (Chateaubernard) Villacoublay (Velizy)
Colmar (Houssen)
Deauville (Normandie) GEORGIA
Dole (Tavaux) Batumi
Epinal (Mirecourt) Tbilisi
Evreux (Fauville)
Grenoble (Isere) GERMANY
Hyeres (Le Palyvestre Navy) Berlin (Schoenefeld)
Istres (Le Tube) Berlin (Tegel)
Landivisiau Bremen
Lanveoc (Poulmic) Cologne-Bonn
Le Havre (Octeville) Dortmund
Le Puy (Loudes) Dresden
Lille (Lesquin) Duesseldorf
Limoges (Bellegarde) Erfurt-Weimar
Lorient (Lann-Bihoue) Frankfurt-Hahn

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY 207
AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM/RODEX q$i

GERMANY NETHERLANDS
Frankfurt/Main Amsterdam (Schiphol)
Friedrichshafen Eindhoven
Hamburg Groningen (Eelde)
Hannover Maastricht (Maastricht-Aachen)
Leipzig-Halle Rotterdam
Luebeck (Blankensee)
Munich POLAND
Muenster/Osnabrueck Bydgoszcz
Niederrhein Gdansk (Lech Walesa)
Nuernberg Katowice (Pyrzowice)
Paderborn-Lippstadt Krakow (Balice)
Saarbruecken Lodz (Lublinek)
Stuttgart Lublin
Olsztyn-Mazury
GREECE Poznan (Lawica)
Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos Intl) Radom (Sadkow)
Iraklion (Nikos Kazantzakis) Rzeszow (Jasionka)
Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias) Szczecin (Goleniow)
Rodos (Diagoras) Warsaw (Chopin)
Thessaloniki (Makedonia) Warsaw (Modlin)
Wroclaw (Strachowice)
HUNGARY Zielona Gora (Babimost)
Bekescsaba
Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl) ROMANIA
Debrecen Arad
Gyor-Per Bacau (Georg Enescu)
Heviz (Balaton) Baia Mare (Maramures)
Kecskemet Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel Vlaicu)
Nyiregyhaza Bucharest (Henri Coanda)
Papa Cluj-Napoca (Avram Iancu)
Pecs (Pogany) Constanta (Mihail Kogalniceanu-Constanta)
Szeged Craiova
Szolnok Iasi
Oradea
LATVIA Satu Mare
Liepaja Sibiu
Riga
Suceava (Stefan cel Mare)
Targu Mures (Transilvania-Targu Mures)
LITHUANIA
Timisoara (Traian Vuia)
Kaunas
Tulcea (Delta Dunarii)
Palanga
Siauliai
SERBIA-MONTENEGRO
Vilnius
Belgrade (Nikola Tesla)
Nis (Konstantin Veliki)
LUXEMBOURG
Podgorica
Luxembourg

SLOVAKIA
MOLDOVA
Bratislava (M.R. Stefanik)
Chisinau (Intl)
Kosice
Marculesti (Intl)
Piestany

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
208 METEOROLOGY 28 DEC 18

AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM/RODEX q$i

SLOVAKIA SWEDEN
Poprad Sundsvall-Timra
Sliac Trollhattan-Vanersborg
Zilina Umea
Vilhelmina
SPAIN Vaxjo (Kronoberg)
Barcelona (El Prat) Visby
Bilbao
Burgos SWITZERLAND
Girona Bern (Belp)
Granada (Federico Garcia Lorca) Geneva
Huesca (Pirineos) Grenchen
Logrono Les Eplatures
Madrid (Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas) Lugano
Madrid (Cuatro Vientos) Samedan
Palma de Mallorca Sion
Pamplona St. Gallen (Altenrhein)
San Sebastian Zurich
Santiago
Vitoria TURKEY
Adana
SWEDEN Ankara (Esenboga)
Angelholm Antalya
Are Ostersund Balikesir (Koca Seyit)
Arvidsjaur Bursa (Yenisehir)
Borlange Canakkale
Gallivare Denizli (Cardak)
Goteborg (Landvetter) Elazig
Goteborg (Save) Erzurum
Hagfors Eskisehir (Hasan Polatkan)
Halmstad Gaziantep
Jonkoping Gazipasa (Alanya)
Kalmar Hatay
Karlstad Isparta (Suleyman Demirel)
Kiruna Istanbul (Ataturk)
Kramfors-Solleftea Istanbul (Sabiha Gokcen)
Kristianstad Izmir (Adnan Menderes)
Linkoping (Saab) Kayseri
Lulea (Kallax) Konya
Lycksele Malatya
Malmo Milas (Bodrum)
Mora (Siljan) Mugla (Dalaman)
Norrkoping (Kungsangen) Samsun (Carsamba)
Orebro Sanliurfa (Gap)
Ornskoldsvik Sivas (Nuri Demirag)
Pajala Tekirdag (Corlu)
Ronneby Trabzon
Skelleftea Van (Ferit Melen)
Stockholm (Arlanda) Zafer
Stockholm (Bromma) Zonguldak (Caycuma)
Stockholm (Skavsta)
Stockholm (Vaesteraas)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 2 NOV 18 METEOROLOGY 209
AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM/RODEX q$i

UKRAINE
Cherkasy
Chernivtsi
Dnipro (Dnipropetrovs’k)
Ivano-Frankivs’k
Kharkiv (Osnova)
Kharkiv (Sokol’nyky Natl)
Kherson
Kirovohrad
Kremenchuk (Velyka Kokhnivka Natl)
Kryvyi Rih (Lozuvatka)
Kyiv (Antonov-1)
Kyiv (Antonov-2)
Kyiv (Boryspil’)
Kyiv (Zhuliany)
L’Viv
Mykolaiv
Odesa
Ozerne
Poltava (Suprunivka Natl)
Rivne
Sumy
Ternopil’
Uzhhorod
Vinnytsia (Gavryshivka)
Zaporizhzhia
Zhytomyr (Smokivka Natl)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 22 AUG 14 METEOROLOGY 211 q$i

AERODROME WEATHER REPORT

AERODROME WEATHER REPORT -
METAR AND SPECI DECODE
IDENTIFICATION GROUPS
METAR or METAR - Aviation routine weather report code name
SPECI SPECI - Aviation special weather report code name
COR COR - Code word used as appropriate
CCCC ICAO four-letter location indicator
YYGGgg In individual messages, day of the month and time of observation in hours and
minutes UTC
Z Indicator of UTC
NIL NIL - Code word used as appropriate
(AUTO) Fully automated observation indicator

SURFACE WIND
ddd Mean wind direction in degrees P199KMH (P99KT,
true rounded off to nearest 10 P49MPS) mean ff
degrees (VRB = VARIABLE or fmfm = 200KMH
when ff < 3kt) (100KT, 50MPS) or
ff Mean wind speed (10-minute 00000 = calm more
mean or since discontinuity)
G Indicator of Gust - if necessary
fmfm Maximum wind speed (gust) - if
necessary
KMH or KT or MPS Wind speed units used
Followed when there is a variation in wind direction of 60° or more but less than 180° and wind speed
> 3KT by group below:
dndndn Extreme direction of wind
V Indicator of Variability
dxdxdx Other extreme direction of wind (measured clockwise)

PREVAILING VISIBILITY
VVVV Prevailing visibility in meters or lowest visibility if visibility is not the same and
fluctuating and the prevailing visibility cannot be determined.
9999 = 10km or more
Followed when visibility is not the same and minimum visibility ≠ prevailing and visibility < 1500m or visibility
< 50% of prevailing and less than 5000m by the group below:
VnVnVnVn Lowest visibility
NDV Abbreviation for no directional variations.
Followed by
VnVnVnVn Lowest visibility
Dv General direction of lowest visibility or most operationally significant if minimum
visibility observed in more than one direction.

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) WHERE REQUIRED, UP TO FOUR ACTIVE RUNWAYS

R Indicator of RVR
D RD R Runway designator – for parallel runways may have LL, L, C, R or RR appended
(L = left; C = center; R = right)
V RV RV RV R RVR (10-minute mean) at the touchdown zone P2000 = more than 2000m,
M0050 = less than 50m
i RVR tendency indicator over past 10 minutes. U = upward; D = downward; N =
no distinct change. Omitted if possible to determine
Replaced when there are significant variations in RVR by the group below:
R Indicator of RVR
D RD R Runway designator – for parallel runways may have LL, L C, R or RR
V RV RV RV R RVR in meters (one-minute mean minimum value during last 10 minutes)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 212 METEOROLOGY 22 AUG 14

AERODROME WEATHER REPORT q$i

RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) WHERE REQUIRED, UP TO FOUR ACTIVE RUNWAYS (continued)
V Indicator of significant Variation
V RV RV RV R RVR in meters (one-minute mean maximum value during last 10 minutes)
i RVR tendency indicator
Note:
25m STEP if RVR < 400m
50m STEP if 400 < RVR < 800m
100m STEP if RVR > 800m

PRESENT WEATHER
w’w’ Present weather (see table w’w’ at the end of this sequence)

CLOUDS*
NsN sNs Cloud amount:
FEW - FEW (1 - 2 oktas)
SCT - SCaTtered (3 - 4 oktas)
BKN - BroKeN (5 - 7 oktas)
OVC - OVerCast (8 oktas)
hshshs Height of base of clouds in units of 30m (100ft)
(CC) Cloud type - only CB (cumulonimubs) or TCU (towering cumulus) indicated or /// if
it cannot be observed by automatic system
Replaced when sky is obscured and information on vertical visibility is available by the group below:
VV Indicator of Vertical Visibility
hshshs Vertical visibility in units of 30m (100ft) /// = vertical visibility unavailable
Replaced when there are no such clouds, no restriction on vertical visibility and CAVOK is not appropriate by:
NSC Nil Significant Cloud
Replaced when automatic system is used and no cloud detected by:
NCD No Cloud Detected
* Clouds of operational significance (i.e. below 1500m (5000ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude,
whichever is greater, and CB or TCU)

CAVOK
Ceiling And Visibility OK. Replaces visibility RVR, present weather and cloud if:
(1) Visibility is 10km or more
(2) No cumulonimbus, towering cumulus and no other cloud below 1500m (5000ft) or below the highest
minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and
(3) No significant present weather (see table w’w’ at the end of this sequence)

TEMP AND DEW POINT

T’T’ Temperature in whole degrees Celsius (if below 0°C preceded by M)
T’dT’d Dew-point temperature in whole degrees Celsius (if below 0°C preceded by M)

PRESSURE
Q Indicator of QNH in hectopascals. If Q = A then QNH is in inches
P HP HP HP H QNH rounded down to the whole nearest hectopascal or to tenths and hundreths
of an inch, depending on indicator

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
RECENT WEATHER
RE Indicator of REcent weather
w’w’ REcent weather since previous report (intensity NOT to be reported)
WIND SHEAR

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© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 22 AUG 14 METEOROLOGY 213
AERODROME WEATHER REPORT q$i

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (continued)

WS Wind Shear
R RUNWAY
D RD R Runway designator – for parallel runways, may have LL, L, C, R or RR appended
(L = left; C = center; R = right)
Replaced when all runways are affected by wind shear by: WS ALL RWY
STATE OF THE SEA / SURFACE TEMP
W Group indicator letter
Ts Ts Temperature in whole degrees Celsius
S Indicator of state of the sea
S’ State of water surface
S’ STATE OF THE SEA
Code figure Descriptive terms
0 Calm (glassy)
1 Calm (rippled)
2 Smooth (wavelets)
3 Slight
4 Moderate
5 Rough
6 Very rough
7 High
8 Very high
9 Phenomenal
STATE OF THE RUNWAY **
RDRDR Indicator of runway
ER Runway deposits
CR Extent of runway contamination
e Re R Depth of deposit
B RB R Friction coefficient/breaking action
** State of the runway to be provided by appropriate airport authority

TREND FORECAST - TWO HOURS FROM TIME OF OBSERVATION

CHANGE INDICATORS
TTTTT or NOSIG BECMG BECoMinG, used where changes are expected to reach or pass
through specified values at a regular or irregular rate
TEMPO TEMPOrary fluctuations of less than one hour and in aggregate
less than half the period indicated by YYGG/YeYeGeGe
NOSIG NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE
CHANGE AND TIME
TT Can be AT or FM = FROM or TL = TILL
GGgg Associated time group in hours and minutes UTC
FORECAST WIND
ddd Forecast mean wind direction in degrees true,
rounded to nearest 10 degrees (VRB = VARIABLE)
ff Forecast mean wind speed
00000 = calm
G Indicator of Gust
fmfm Forecast maximum wind speed (gust)
KMH or KT or MPS Wind speed units
FORECAST VISIBILITY
VVVV Forecast prevailing visibility in meters 9999 = 10km or more
FORECAST WEATHER
w’w’ Forecast significant weather (see table w’w’ at the edn of this sequence)
Replaced when significant weather ends by:

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 214 METEOROLOGY 22 AUG 14

AERODROME WEATHER REPORT q$i

TREND FORECAST - TWO HOURS FROM TIME OF OBSERVATION (continued)

NSW Nil Significant Weather
FORECAST CLOUDS OF OPERATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VERTICAL VISIBILITY
NsN sNs Forecast cloud amount
hshshs Forecast height of base of cloud
(CC) Cloud type - only CB
Replaced when sky expected to be obscured and vertical visibility forecasts are undertaken by:
VV Indicator of Vertical Visibility
hshshs Vertical visibility in units of 30m (100ft)
Replaced when a change to clear sky forecast by:
SKC SKy Clear
Replaced when no cumulonimbus, towering cumulus and no other cloud below 1500m (5000ft) or highest
minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, are forecast and CAVOK is not appropriate by:
NSC Nil Significant Cloud
RMK
Information included by national decision but not disseminated internationally

w’w’ SIGNIFICANT PRESENT, FORECAST AND RECENT WEATHER

QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA
Intensity of
Proximity Descriptor Precipitation Obscuration Other
1 2 3 4 5
– Light MI Shallow DZ Drizzle BR Mist PO Dust/sand
Moderate BC Patches RA Rain FG Fog whirls (dust
(no devils)
qualifier)
+ Heavy PR Partial (covering SN Snow FU Smoke SQ Squalls
or well- part of the SG Snow grains VA Volcanic ash FC Funnel
developed aerodrome) cloud(s)
DU Widespread
in the case (tornado or
dust
of PO and waterspout)
FC
VC In the DR Low drifting PL Ice pellets SA Sand SS Sandstorm
vicinity BL Blowing HZ Haze DS Duststorm
SH Shower(s) GR Hail
TS Thunderstorm GS Small hail
and/or snow
pellets
FZ Freezing UP Unknown
(supercooled) Precipitation
NOTES: 1. The w’w’ groups are constructed by considering columns 1 to 5 in the table above in
sequence, that is intensity, followed by description, followed by weather phenomena. An
example could be: + SHRA (heavy shower(s) of rain).
2. A precipitation combination has dominant type first.
3. DR (low drifting) less than two meters above ground, BL (blowing) two meters or more
above ground.
4. GR is used when hailstone diameter is 5mm or more. When less than 5mm, GS is used.
5. BR - visibility at least 1000m but not more than 5000 m. FG - visibility less than 1000m.
6. VC – between approximately 8km and 16km from the aerodrome reference point.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 3 OCT 14 METEOROLOGY 221 q$i

AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST

AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST
- TAF DECODE
IDENTIFICATION GROUPS
TAF or Code names for aerodrome forecast,
TAF AMD or amended aerodrome forecast and
TAF COR corrected aerodrome forecast, respectively
CCCC ICAO four-letter location indicator
YYGGgg Date and time of issue of forecast in UTC
Z Indicator of UTC
NIL Indicator of missing forecast
Y1Y1G1G1/Y2Y2G2G2 Period of validity, beginning on Y1Y1 day of month at G 1G1 (UTC) and ending
on Y2Y2 day of month at G2G2 (UTC)
CNL Indicator of cancelled forecast

FORECAST SURFACE WIND

ddd Mean wind direction in 00000 = calm
degrees true rounded to
nearest 10ºC
(VRB=VaRiaBle when ff
< 3kt)
ff Mean wind speed P199KMH (P99KT,
G Indicator of Gust P49MPS) mean fmfm =
200KMH (100KT, 50MPS)
fmfm Maximum wind speed
or more
(gust)
KMH or KT or MPS Wind speed units used

FORECAST PREVAILING VISIBILITY

VVVV Prevailing visibility in metres
9999 = 10km or more

w’w’ FORECAST SIGNIFICANT WEATHER

QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA
Intensity of
Proximity Descriptor Precipitation Obscuration Other
1 2 3 4 5
– Light MI Shallow DZ Drizzle BR Mist PO Dust/sand
Moderate BC Patches RA Rain FG Fog whirls (dust
(no devils)
qualifier)
+ Heavy PR Partial SN Snow FU Smoke SQ Squalls
or well- (covering SG Snow grains VA Volcanic ash FC Funnel
developed part of the cloud(s)
DU Widespread
in the case aerodrome) (tornado or
dust
of PO and waterspout)
FC
VC In the DR Low drifting PL Ice pellets SA Sand SS Sandstorm
vicinity BL Blowing GR Hail HZ Haze DS Duststorm
SH Shower(s) GS Small hail
TS Thunderstorm and/or snow
pellets

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 222 METEOROLOGY 3 OCT 14

AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST q$i

w’w’ FORECAST SIGNIFICANT WEATHER

QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA
Intensity of
Proximity Descriptor Precipitation Obscuration Other
1 2 3 4 5
FZ Freezing UP Unknown
(supercooled) Precipitation
Replaced when significant weather phenomenon forecast to end by:
NSW Nil Significant Weather
NOTES: 1. The w’w’ groups are constructed by considering columns 1 to 5 in the table above in
sequence, that is intensity, followed by description, followed by weather phenomena. An
example could be: + SHRA (heavy shower(s) of rain).
2. A precipitation combination has dominant type first.
3. DR (low drifting) less than two metres above ground, BL (blowing) two metres or more
above ground.
4. GR is used when hailstone diameter is 5mm or more. When less than 5mm, GS is used.
5. BR – visibility at least 1000m but not more than 5000m. FG – visibility less than 1000m.
6. VC – between approximately 8km and 16km from the aerodrome reference point.

FORECAST CLOUD AMOUNT AND HEIGHT*

NsN sNs Cloud amount:
FEW - FEW (1-2 oktas)
SCT - SCaTtered (3-4 oktas)
BKN - BroKeN (5-7 oktas)
OVC - OVerCast (8 oktas)
hshshs Height of base of cloud in units of 30m (100ft)
(cc) Cloud type - only CB (cumulonimbus) is indicated
Replaced when sky is expected to be obscured and information on vertical visibility is available by:
VV Indicator of Vertical Visibility
hshshs Vertical visibility in units of 30m (100ft)
Replaced when no cumulonimbus , towering cumulus and no other cloud below 1500m (5000ft) or below
the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, are forecast and CAVOK and SKC are not
appropriate by:
NSC Nil Significant Cloud
* Clouds of operational significance (i.e. below 1500m (5000ft) or below highest minimum sector altitude,
whichever is greater, and CB or TCU)

CAVOK
Ceiling And Visibility OK. Replaces visibility, weather and cloud if:
(1) Visibility is forecast to be 10km or more
(2) No cumulonimbus cloud and no other cloud forecast below 1500m (5000ft) or
below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and
(3) No significant weather forecast (see table w’w’ above)

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FORECAST CONDITIONS INDICATED BY:

PROBABILITY
PROB PROBability
C2C2 Only 30 or 40 used, indicating 30% or 40%
DATE AND TIME
YYGG/YeYeGeGe Beginning day and time (UTC) YYGG and end day and time (UTC) YeYeGeGe of
forecast period
Probability is used to indicate the probability of occurence of:
(a) an alternative element or elements
(b) temporary fluctuations
CHANGE

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 3 OCT 14 METEOROLOGY 223
AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST q$i

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FORECAST CONDITIONS INDICATED BY:

TTTTT Type of significant change:
BECMG BECoMinG, used where changes are expected to reach or pass through
specified values at a regular or irregular rate
TEMPO TEMPOrary fluctuations of less than 1 hour and in aggregate less than
half the period indicated by YYGG/YeYeGeGe
DATE AND TIME
YYGG/YeYeGeGe Beginning day and time (UTC) YYGG and end day and time (UTC) YeYeGeGe of
forecast period
OR
If one set of weather conditions is expected to change more or less completely to a different set of conditions,
thus indicating the beginning of another self-contained part of the forecast, by:
TTYYGGgg
This takes the form FMYYGGgg where FM is the abbreviation for FroM and YYGGgg is the day of month
and time in hours and minutes UTC. All forecast conditions before this group are superseded by conditions
indicated after the group.

BY REGIONAL AGREEMENT
FORECAST TEMPERATURE
TX, TN TX, TN Indicators of maximum and minimum forecast temperatures, respectively
YYTFTF YYTFTF Date and forecast temperature at G FGF Temperatures below 0°C preceded
by M
YeYeGFGF YeYeGFGF Date and time UTC to which forecast temperature refers
Z Z Indicator of UTC

FORECAST TURBULENCE CONDITIONS (OPTIONAL)

Six digits for all turbulence groups, first digit always 5
Second digit Turbulence type
0 None
1 Light turbulence
2 Moderate turbulence in clear air, occasional
3 Moderate turbulence in clear air, frequent
4 Moderate turbulence in cloud, occasional
5 Moderate turbulence in cloud, frequent
6 Severe turbulence in clear air, occasional
7 Severe turbulence in clear air, frequent
8 Severe turbulence in cloud, occasional
9 Severe turbulence in cloud, frequent
Third to fifth digit: height of lowest turbulence layer in units of 30m (100ft) above the aerodrome
Sixth digit Thickness of layer
0 Up to top of cloud
1 300m/1000ft
2 600m/2000ft
3 900m/3000ft
4 1200m/4000ft
5 1500m/5000ft
6 1800m/6000ft
7 2100m/7000ft
8 2400m/8000ft
9 2700m/9000ft

FORECAST ICING CONDITIONS (OPTIONAL)

Six digits for all icing groups, first digit always 6
Second digit Icing type
0 No icing
1 Light icing

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 224 METEOROLOGY 3 OCT 14

AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST q$i

2 Light icing in cloud

3 Light icing in precipitation
4 Moderate icing
5 Moderate icing in cloud
6 Moderate icing in precipitation
7 Severe icing
8 Severe icing in cloud
9 Severe icing in precipitation
Third to fifth digit: height of lowest turbulence layer in units of 30m (100ft) above the aerodrome
Sixth digit Thickness of layer
0 Up to top of cloud
1 300m/1000ft
2 600m/2000ft
3 900m/3000ft
4 1200m/4000ft
5 1500m/5000ft
6 1800m/6000ft
7 2100m/7000ft
8 2400m/8000ft
9 2700m/9000ft

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 2006, 2014. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 26 OCT 18 METEOROLOGY
NATIONAL DIFFERENCES TO ICAO ANNEX 3 - EUROPE
AUSTRIA
The runway visual range shall be reported throughout
periods when either the visibility is less than 1500m or
the runway visual range is less than 2000m not until
less than 1500m.
In Austria not only clouds of operational significance
shall be observed and reported due that can lead
to a loss of information because clouds above the
minimum sector altitude or 5000ft AMSL may be an
advice to icing conditions.
Table A6-1, In Austria special air reports correspond
to aircraft type instead of aircraft identification. Fur-
thermore, some additional abbreviations and combi-
nations are used to express the elements “location”
and “level” in Austrian special air-reports to enable
the adequate expression also of an area additional to
a single point and a range of levels additional to a sin-
gle level if so reported by a pilot or an aircraft.
If deposit of rime is observed the description FZ is
used in combination with abbreviations BCFG, PRFG
and BR too.
When the term CAVOK is used in reports in abbre-
viated plain language, visibility, present weather and
clouds are reported in brackets.
For routine reports from aeronautical meteorological
stations not located at international airports the fol-
lowing applies:
a. Instead of the ICAO location indicator the sta-
tion index number (IIiii) is used by stations not
located at an aerodrome.
b. The term CAVOK is not used.
c. For reporting VXVXVXVXDV additional criteria are
used; so this group will be reported more often.
When the visibility is 10km or more, at some
stations it is coded in steps of 1km up to 30km
and in steps of 5km above 30km, followed by
the abbreviation KM (e.g. visibility of 23km is
coded as 23KM and 99KM indicates a visibility
of 100km or more).
d. All cloud types are reported, e.g. OVC010ST.
The height of cloud base is not reported for the
cloud types CI, CC and CS, e.g. SCTCI.
hshshs = not reported if in mountainous region
tops, but not the cloud base of a convective
cloud is visible, e.g. FEWCB.
The indicator RMK is reported in the AUTO
METAR for the notification of cloud bases.
The total amount of cloud is reported at the end
of the report using the same abbreviation as for
N SN SN S.
After RMK, the data will be reported as follows:
BASE XX CLDhhh, e.g.: BASE AB CLD015
XX location identifier of
ceilometer (single of
double figure)
hhh cloud base as in METAR
Ceilometer location identifiers are:
q$z
E-1 q$i
N North
S South
W West
E East
28 threshold RWY 28
AB Absam
KE Kematen
Cloud amount will not be reported.
BELGIUM
Only 1 (minimum) visibility value is given in local rou-
tine and special reports.
Only a general cloud distribution is given in local rou-
tine and special reports.
Wind shear warnings are not issued.
In local routine and special reports, ABV and BLW are
used without indication of the maximum, respectively
the minimum value.
QNH is indicated in tenths of a hectopascal in local
routine and special reports.
QFE is not indicated in local routine and special
reports but is given by ATC on request of a pilot.
CROATIA
Aerodrome warnings are provided for Osijek (Klisa),
Zagreb (Pleso), Pula, Rijeka (Krk Island), Zadar
(Zemunik), Split (Kastela) and Dubrovnik (Cilipi)
during aerodrome working hours.
Aerodrome warnings refer to the occurrence or
expected occurrence of 1 or more of the following
phenomena:
– strong surface wind (mean surface wind speed
25kt or more or wind speed gusts 30kt or more);
– thunderstorm;
– hail;
– freezing precipitation;
– snow.
Wind shear warnings are issued for Osijek (Klisa),
Zagreb (Pleso), Pula, Rijeka (Krk Island), Zadar
(Zemunik), Split (Kastela), Dubrovnik (Cilipi), Losinj
Island (Losinj) during aerodrome working hours.
FINLAND
AIRMET information is not issued, Finland issues
national information WXREP based on pilot reports.
Aerodrome warnings are normally not issued for
meteorological conditions, which could adversely
affect aircraft on the ground, including parked air-
craft.
Wind shear warnings are normally not issued. Infor-
mation on observed wind shear at aerodromes is
included in METARs and local reports.
Reporting of braking action:
© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 E-2 METEOROLOGY 26 OCT 18

NATIONAL DIFFERENCES TO ICAO ANNEX 3 - EUROPE q$i

Limits of Measured Coefficient for In TAF, when significant clouds are foreseen, nebu-
Finavia’s Aerodromes losity and cloud base height information is provided
Estimated Surface for cloud layers above 5000ft (1500m) or above the
Measured Coefficient highest minimum sector altitude.
Friction
0.43 and above Good Aerodromes for which the criterion of
0.42 to 0.37 Medium to Good application of CAVOK is a height of the basis
of clouds more than 5000ft
0.36 to 0.32 Medium
0.31 to 0.27 Medium to Poor Aerodromes Feet
0.26 and below Poor Aix (Les-Milles) 7650
Ajaccio (Napoleon Bonaparte) 10710
Limits of Measured Coefficient for other Annecy (Meythet) 8190
than Finavia’s Aerodromes (Lappeenranta, Aurillac 6330
Mikkeli and Seinajoki)
Avignon (Caumont) 7890
Estimated Surface
Measured Coefficient Basle-Mulhouse 5520
Friction
Bastia (Poretta) 10500
0.40 and above Good
Beziers (Vias) 5760
0.39 to 0.36 Medium to Good
Biarritz (Pays Basque) 7080
0.35 to 0.30 Medium
Calvi (St Catherine) 10890
0.29 to 0.26 Medium to Poor
Cannes (Mandelieu) 10710
0.25 and below Poor
Castres-Mazamet 5220
FRANCE Carcassonne (Salvaza) 8880
The imminence of the present weather phenomena Chambery (Aix-Le-Bains) 8940
other than thunderstorms (TS) is not specified in the Clermont-Ferrand/Auvergne 6630
messages from fully automatic observation systems.
Colmar (Houssen) 5880
The weather phenomena SG, PL, GR, DS, SS, PO, Figari/Sud Corse 8430
FC, SA, DU, FU, VA, SQ are not reported in mes-
Grenoble (Isere) 7800
sages from fully automatic observation systems.
La Mole 5160
MI, PR, DR and BL are not indicated in messages
Lyon (Bron) 5370
from fully automatic observation systems.
Lyon (Saint Exupery) 5190
For some aerodromes, in the regular and special local
weather reports, the cloud base height is indicated Nice/Cote D’Azur 10710
every 30ft below 300ft in order to facilitate the imple- Pau/Pyrenees 11790
mentation of low visibility operating procedures. Perpignan (Rivesaltes) 10560
In local routine reports, in local special reports and in St Etienne (Loire) 5790
METAR, in the presence of significant clouds, nebu- Saint Yan 5010
losity and cloud base height information is provided
Strasbourg (Entzheim) 6120
for cloud layers above 5000ft (1500m) or above the
highest minimum sector altitude. Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) 11250
Valence (Chabeuil) 9180
In the messages from fully automatic observation
systems, if no cloud is detected by the system: NOTE: On all other aerodromes, the CAVOK applica-
– The cloud layers are coded as NSC if the system tion rule will be:”No cloud below 5000 ft and absence
hasn’t detected any convective cloud. of cumulonimbus (CB) and towering cumulus (TCU)”.
– The cloud layers are coded as NCD if the system GERMANY
has no detection ability of convective clouds.
Table A3-2, Germany continues reporting RVR varia-
In the messages from fully automatic observation tions in the format RDRDR/VRVRVRVRVVRVRVRVRi.
systems, no additional information is notified.
In local weather reports and in automated METAR, IRELAND
when the sky is obscured, vertical visibility value is Prevailing visibility not implemented in Ireland. Mini-
replaced by the symbol ///. mum visibility reported in METAR.
In the aviation routine weather reports which are not ITALY
from fully automatic observation systems, information Italy issues a report called Thunderstorm Area
about wind shear are added if the phenomenon was Detection (TAD). The report provides the following
reported by a pilot to air traffic services, or if wind elements:
shear sensors were installed.
a. ICAO reporting code and sequence number;
b. validity;

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© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 26 OCT 18 METEOROLOGY E-3
NATIONAL DIFFERENCES TO ICAO ANNEX 3 - EUROPE q$i

c. echo intensity; AIRMET information is prepared but is limited to the

d. echo extension; occurrence of moderate ICE only.
e. associated phenomena (present weather); Aerodrome warnings are issued for CAT II and III air-
f. echo position; ports only.
g. top of clouds; PORTUGAL
h. movement forecast; Aerodrome warnings are not issued in accordance
i. intensity forecast; with template A6-2.
j. remark. In MET REPORT and SPECIAL the wind direction is
reported in magnetic degrees.
MALTA
Reporting of braking action: SERBIA
For Belgrade (Batajnica) and Kraljevo (Ladevci) aero-
Estimated Surface dromes, abbreviations NSC or CAVOK are not used,
Measured Coefficient
Friction and not only clouds of operational significance but all
0.50 and above Good clouds (amount, type and base height) are reported
0.49 to 0.36 Medium to Good in local routine reports.
0.35 to 0.30 Medium Forecast for take-off are not prepared.
0.29 to 0.26 Medium to Poor
SPAIN
0.25 and below Poor
Local routine reports are not issued.
MONTENEGRO Local special reports are not available.
Forecasts for take-off are not prepared specifically. METAR AUTO do not include freezing precipitation.
No specific operational requirement expressed by the
users. Trend forecast provides information if needed. Wind shear observed warnings are not issued accor-
ding to template in Table A6-3.
NETHERLANDS
SWITZERLAND
Codes FC, SS, DS, PO, SA, DU, FU, VA, MI, BC,
PR, DR, BL, VC, CAVOK, SKC are not provided in Local MET reports are disseminated at Zurich and
automated observation reports. Geneva aerodromes. No specific local reports are
available at the regional aerodromes.
AUTO METAR can contain up to three remarks in the
REMARK section. The REMARK section is dissemi- Local special reports are disseminated at Zurich and
nated in the Netherlands only, in line with international Geneva aerodromes. No specific local special reports
data exchange rules. are available at the regional aerodromes.
– RMK TS INFO NOT AVBL: in situations where In addition to the clouds of operational significance
lightning data is not available. and when appropriate higher level of cloud base are
– RMK CB INFO NOT AVBL: in situations where reported as well.
radar reflectivity data is not available. No specific take-off forecast other than TAF or
– RMK WX INFO NOT AVBL: in situations where the TREND is produced.
local present weather sensor data is not available. No specific wind-shear warning reports are provided.
It is essential that the absence of weather or cloud
information in an automated report is clearly identified Aerodrome warnings are not issued in accordance
as caused by the absence of the phenomena itself, with template A6-2.
or due to failure of the sensor. When cloud height UNITED KINGDOM
sensor information is not available due to technical
reasons, this will be reported in the cloud group using Following abbreviations have been adopted at Lon-
six slashes: "//////". don (Heathrow) for use in their Windshear Alerting
Service.
NORWAY a. “Windshear Forecast” (WSF) - when the mete-
Local routine reports are issued for CAT II and CAT orological conditions indicate that low level
III airports only. windshear on the approach or climb-out (below
2000ft) may be encountered.
Local special reports are issued for CAT II and III
airports only. Local special reports are required only b. “Windshear Forecast and Reported” (WSRF) -
where local routine reports are issued at hourly inter- as above, supported by a report from at least
vals. one aircraft of windshear on the approach or
climbout within the last hour.
Supplementary information on mountain wind obser- c. “Windshear Reported” (WSR) - when an aircraft
vations are not disseminated beyond national bound- has reported on the approach or climb-out within
aries. the last hour, but insufficient meteorological evi-
Forecast for take-off are not prepared. dence exists for the issue of a forecast of wind
shear.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY E-5 q$i

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE

RADIOTELEPHONY
Identify location for which weather is desired and find
station(s) disseminating broadcast.

Weather for Available from Stations

Aalborg Copenhagen
Aberdeen (Dyce) Scottish
Adana Royal Air Force
Aigen/Ennstal Gerlitzen
Ajaccio (Napoleon Bonaparte) Marseille
Akrotiri Royal Air Force
Alicante (Alicante-Elche) Alicante, Madrid
Altenrhein Zugspitze
Amsterdam (Schiphol) Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, Hannover, London
(Main), Paris, Shannon
Andravida AB Athens, Brindisi
Are Ostersund Sundsvall
Asturias Santiago
Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos Intl) Athens, Brindisi, Cairo, Istanbul, Nicosia
Banja Luka Banja Luka
Barcelona (El Prat) Algiers, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Madrid, Marseille,
Santiago
Bardufoss Royal Air Force
Basle-Mulhouse Frankfurt, Geneva, Paris, Pisa, Zurich
Bastia (Poretta) Marseille
Beauvais (Tille) Paris
Belfast (Aldergrove) Dublin, Scottish
Belgrade (Nikola Tesla) Belgrade, Skopje, Sofia, Zagreb
Belgrade (Lisiciji Jarak) Budapest
Bergamo (Orio Al Serio) Milan
Bergen (Flesland) Shannon
Berlin (Schoenefeld) Berlin, Prague, Warsaw
Berlin (Tegel) Berlin, Frankfurt, Hannover
Bern (Belp) Geneva, Zurich
Biarritz (Pays Basque) Bordeaux
Bilbao Madrid
Billund Copenhagen
Birmingham London (South), Royal Air Force
Bologna (Borgo Panigale) Pisa
Bordeaux (Merignac) Bordeaux, Madrid
Bolzano Zugspitze
Bournemouth London (South)
Bremen Hannover
Brest/Bretagne Paris, Santiago
Brindisi (Casale) Brindisi
Bristol London (South)
Brize Norton Royal Air Force
Brussels National Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, London (Main), Paris,
Shannon
Cardiff London (South), Royal Air Force
Catania (Fontanarossa) Luqa, Rome
Chania Royal Air Force
Cologne-Bonn Brussels, Frankfurt, Hannover, Shannon
Coningsby Royal Air Force
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
E-6 METEOROLOGY 28 DEC 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Copenhagen (Kastrup) Amsterdam, Berlin, Copenhagen, Hannover, Shannon,
Stockholm, Warsaw
Cork Dublin
Dresden Berlin
Dublin (Intl) Dublin, London (Main), Shannon
Dubrovnik (Cilipi) Zagreb
Durham Tees Valley London (North)
Duesseldorf Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, Shannon
East Midlands London (North), Royal Air Force
Edinburgh Scottish
Evreux (Fauville AB) Royal Air Force
Exeter London (South)
Faro Lisbon, Santiago, Seville, Royal Air Force
France UIR Bordeaux, Marseille, Paris
Frankfurt/Main Brussels, Frankfurt, Hannover, Minsk-2, Prague,
Shannon, Zagreb, Zurich
Friedrichshafen Zugspitze
Fuerteventura Las Palmas
Geneva Bordeaux, Frankfurt, Geneva, Marseille, Paris, Pisa,
Shannon, Zurich
Genoa (Sestri) Milan
Girona Barcelona
Gibraltar Royal Air Force, Seville
Glasgow Dublin, London (Main), Scottish, Shannon
Goteborg (Landvetter) Copenhagen, Jonkoping, Shannon, Stockholm
Granada (Federico Garcia Lorca) Alicante
Gran Canaria Casablanca, Las Palmas, Lisbon
Graz Gerlitzen, Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Hamburg Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Hannover, Shannon
Hannover Hannover, Royal Air Force
Harstadt-Narvik (Evenes) Royal Air Force
Haugesund (Karmoy) Ekofisk
Helsinki (Vantaa) Helsinki, Moscow, Riga, St. Petersburg, Shannon,
Stockholm
Horta Santa Maria
Humberside London (North)
Ibiza Alicante, Barcelona
Innsbruck Zugspitze
Inverness Scottish
Iraklion (Nikos Kazantzakis) Athens
Isle of Man London (North)
Jersey London (South)
Jonkoping Jonkoping
Kalmar Jonkoping
Kapfenberg Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Karlstad Jonkoping
Keflavik Royal Air Force
Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias) Athens, Brindisi
Kiruna Sundsvall
Klagenfurt Vienna/Rauchenwarth, Zugspitze, Gerlitzen
Krems (Langenlois) Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Kuopio Helsinki
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY E-7
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Lajes AB Royal Air Force, Santa Maria, Shannon
Larnaca (Intl) Athens, Royal Air Force
Lanzarote Las Palmas
Leeds Bradford London (North)
Leipzig - Halle Berlin
Lille (Lesquin) Bordeaux, Marseille, Paris
Linz Vienna/Rauchenwarth, Zugspitze
Lisbon Bordeaux, Casablanca, Las Palmas, Lisbon, Madrid,
Santiago, Seville, Shannon
Liverpool London (North)
Ljubljana (Brnik) Zagreb
London (Gatwick) Amsterdam, Dublin, London (Main), London (North),
Paris, Shannon
London (Heathrow) Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin, London (Main), Paris,
Scottish, Shannon
London (Luton) London (South)
London (Stansted) London (Main), Shannon
Lossiemouth Royal Air Force
Lugano Zurich
Lulea (Kallax) Sundsvall
Luxembourg Brussels, Shannon
Lyon (Saint Exupery) Geneva, Marseille, Paris
Madeira Lisbon
Madrid (Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas) Algiers, Alicante, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Las Palmas,
Lisbon, Madrid, Santiago, Seville, Shannon
Malaga (Costa del Sol) Alicante, Barcelona, Madrid, Seville
Malmo Copenhagen, Jonkoping, Stockholm
Malta (Luqa) Luqa, Rome
Manchester Dublin, London (Main), London (North), Royal Air Force,
Shannon
Mariazell Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Marseille/Provence Algiers, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Marseille
Menorca Barcelona
Milan (Linate) Geneva, Marseille, Milan, Rome, Zurich
Milan (Malpensa) Geneva, Milan, Rome, Shannon, Zurich
Montpellier/Mediterranee Marseille
Mostar Banja Luka
Munich Frankfurt, Pisa, Shannon, Zagreb, Zugspitze, Zurich,
Gerlitzen, Vienna/Rauchenwarth, Prague
Nantes/Alantique Paris, Santiago
Naples (Capodichino) Brindisi, Luqa, Rome
Newcastle London (North), Royal Air Force
Nice/Cote D’Azur Algiers, Bordeaux, Geneva, Marseille, Milan
Nimes (Garons) Marseille
Nis (Konstantin Veliki) Belgrade
Norrkoping (Kungsangen) Stockholm
Northolt Royal Air Force
Norwich London (South)
Nuernberg Frankfurt
Ohrid (St. Paul the Apostle) Skopje
Ornskoldsvik Sundsvall
Oslo (Gardermoen) Copenhagen, Shannon, Stockholm

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
E-8 METEOROLOGY 28 DEC 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Ostend-Brugge (Ostend) Brussels
Oulu Helsinki
Palermo (Punta Raisi) Luqa, Rome
Palma de Mallorca Algiers, Alicante, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Marseille
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle) Amsterdam, Bordeaux, Frankfurt, Geneva, London
(Main), Marseille, Paris, Shannon
Paris (Orly) Bordeaux, Brussels, Geneva, Marseille, Paris, Shannon
Pau/Pyrenees Bordeaux
Pico Santa Maria
Pisa (San Giusto) Brindisi, Milan, Pisa
Podgorica Belgrade
Ponta Delgada (Joao Paulo II) Santa Maria
Porto (Francisco sa Caneiro) Lisbon, Royal Air Force, Santiago
Porto Santo Lisbon
Prestwick Dublin, Royal Air Force, Scottish, Shannon
Pula Zagreb
Reims (Prunay) Paris
Rimini Pisa
Rodos (Diagoras) Athens, Nicosia
Rome (Ciampino) Brindisi, Rome
Rome (Fiumicino) Brindisi, Luqa, Marseille, Milan, Rome, Shannon
Rotterdam Amsterdam
Salzburg Vienna/Rauchenwarth, Zugspitze
Santiago Santiago
Santa Maria Santa Maria, Shannon
Sarajevo Banja Luka
Seville Casablanca, Lisbon, Madrid, Seville
Shannon Dublin, Shannon
Skelleftea Sundsvall
Skopje (Intl) Skopje
Southampton London (South)
Southend London (South)
Split (Kastela) Zagreb
Stavanger (Sola) Copenhagen, Ekofisk, Royal Air Force
Stockholm (Arlanda) Copenhagen, Helsinki, Jonkoping, Shannon, Stockholm,
Sundsvall, Riga, St. Petersburg, Warsaw
Stockholm (Bromma) Jonkoping, Sundsvall
Stockholm (Skavsta) Jonkoping
Stornoway Scottish
St. Polten Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Strasbourg (Entzheim) Paris
Stuttgart Frankfurt, Zurich
Sumburgh Scottish
Sundsvall-Harnosand Sundsvall
Sundsvall-Timra Sundsvall
Tampere (Pirkkala) Helsinki
Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) Bordeaux
Tenerife-North Las Palmas
Tenerife-South (Reina Sofia) Las Palmas, Lisbon, Royal Air Force
Thessaloniki (Makedonia) Athens, Belgrade, Brindisi, Sofia, Skopje
Tirana Skopje

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY E-9
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Torino (Caselle) Milan, Shannon
Toulouse (Blagnac) Barcelona, Bordeaux, Marseille
Tours Bordeaux, Paris
Trieste (Ronchi dei Legionari) Pisa
Trondheim (Vaernes) Royal Air Force
Tulln Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Turku Helsinki, Stockholm
Tuzla Banja Luka
Umea Sundsvall
Vaasa Helsinki
Valencia (Manises) Alicante, Madrid
Venice (Tessera) Milan, Pisa
Vienna (Schwechat) Berlin, Budapest, Frankfurt, Gerlitzen, Prague,
Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Visby Stockholm
Voslau Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Waddington Royal Air Force
Wiener Neustadt/Ost Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Zagreb (Pleso) Belgrade, Zagreb, Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Zell am See Gerlitzen
Zeltweg Gerlitzen
Zurich Frankfurt, Geneva, Paris, Pisa, Shannon, Zagreb,
Zugspitze, Zurich

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Alicante Volmet 126.005 H24 cont. METAR Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
QNH Madrid-Barajas), Palma de
Mallorca, Malaga (Costa del
TREND
Sol), Valencia (Manises),
Alicante (Alicante-Elche),
Ibiza, Granada (Federico
Garcia Lorca), Algiers
(Houari Boumediene), Oran
(Ahmed Benbella)
Amsterdam Met 126.200 H24 cont. METAR Rotterdam, Brussels
Broadcast TREND 1 National, Duesseldorf,
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
London (Heathrow), London
(Gatwick), Copenhagen
(Kastrup), Hamburg
METAR Amsterdam (Schiphol)
QNH
TREND 1
Athens Volmet 127.800 H24 cont. METAR Athens (Eleftherios
TREND Venizelos), Thessaloniki
(Makedonia), Andravida AB,
Rodos (Diagoras), Iraklion
(Nikos Kazantzakis), Kerkira
(Ioannis Kapodistrias),
Larnaca (Intl), Cairo (Intl),
Istanbul (Ataturk)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
E-10 METEOROLOGY 28 DEC 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Banja Luka Volmet 135.775 H24 cont. SIGMET Sarajevo FIR
METAR, Banja Luka, Sarajevo1
TREND, TAF
METAR/ Mostar, Tuzla2
SPECI, TAF
Barcelona Volmet 127.605 H24 cont. METAR Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
QNH Madrid-Barajas), Barcelona
(El Prat), Palma de Mallorca,
TREND
Malaga (Costa del Sol),
Ibiza, Girona, Menorca,
Toulouse (Blagnac),
Marseille/Provence
Belgrade Volmet 126.400 H24 cont. METAR Belgrade (Nikola Tesla),
TREND Nis (Konstantin Veliki),
Zagreb (Pleso), Podgorica,
Sarajevo, Budapest (Liszt
Ferenc Intl), Bucharest (Henri
Coanda), Sofia, Thessaloniki
(Makedonia)
Berlin Volmet 128.405 H24 cont. METAR Berlin (Schonefeld),
TREND Berlin (Tegel)1, Dresden1,
Leipzig-Halle, Prague
(Ruzyne), Copenhagen
(Kastrup), Warsaw (Chopin),
Vienna (Schwechat)
Bordeaux Radio 126.405 H24 cont. METAR Bordeaux (Merignac),
Toulouse (Blagnac), Paris
(Charles-de-Gaulle), Paris
(Orly), Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
Madrid-Barajas), Barcelona
(El Prat), Palma de Mallorca,
Lisbon, Geneva
SIGMET Bordeaux FIR, France UIR
127.005 H24 cont. METAR Biarritz (Pays Basque),
Bordeaux (Merignac),
Lille (Lesquin),
Marseille/Provence,
Nice/Cote D’Azur,
Pau/Pyrenees, Paris (Orly),
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees),
Toulouse (Blagnac), Tours
(French language)
SIGMET Bordeaux FIR, France UIR
(French language)
Brindisi Volmet 127.600 H24 cont. METAR Brindisi (Casale), Pisa (San
TREND Giusto), Rome (Fiumicino),
Naples (Capodichino),
Athens (Eleftherios
Venizelos Intl), Thessaloniki
(Makedonia), Kerkira
(Ioannes Kapodistrias),
Andravida AB
METAR Rome (Ciampino)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY E-11
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Brussels Volmet 127.805 H24 cont. METAR Brussels National,
TREND Ostend-Brugge (Ostend),
London (Heathrow),
Luxembourg, Amsterdam
(Schiphol), Paris
(Orly), Frankfurt/Main,
Cologne-Bonn, Duesseldorf
Copenhagen Volmet 127.005 H24 cont. METAR Hamburg, Malmo,
TREND 1 Goteborg (Landvetter),
Stockholm (Arlanda), Oslo
(Gardermoen), Stavanger
(Sola)
METAR Copenhagen (Kastrup)
QNH
TREND 1
METAR Billund, Aalborg
Dublin Volmet 127.005 H24 cont. METAR Dublin (Intl), Shannon,
TREND Cork, Belfast (Aldergrove),
Glasgow, Prestwick,
Manchester, London
(Heathrow), London
(Gatwick)
Ekofisk Volmet 118.975 0500-1700 cont. METAR Stavanger (Sola),
TAF Haugesund (Karmoy)
Frankfurt Volmet 127.605 H24 cont. METAR Frankfurt/Main, Brussels
TREND National, Amsterdam
(Schiphol), Zurich,
Geneva, Basle-Mulhouse,
Vienna (Schwechat),
Prague (Ruzyne), Paris
(Charles-de-Gaulle)
135.780 Frankfurt/Main,
Cologne-Bonn, Duesseldorf,
Stuttgart1, Nuernberg1,
Munich, Hamburg1, Berlin
(Tegel)1
Geneva Met 126.805 H24 cont. METAR Geneva, Zurich, Basle-
Broadcast Mulhouse, Nice/Cote D’Azur,
Lyon (Saint Exupery), Paris
(Charles-de-Gaulle), Paris
(Orly), Milan (Linate), Milan
(Malpensa), Bern (Belp)
outside APT AUTOMETAR Bern (Belp)
hours
Gerlitzen National 122.280 0600-1900 cont. METAR Zell am See
Volmet during legal SIGMET Vienna, Munich, Zurich FIR
Klagenfurt summertime: AIRMET
Austria3 ARS (special
0500-1900
AIREP)
significant for Western Austria
PIREP
0250-2250 METAR Klagenfurt, Graz
during legal QNH
summertime: TREND
0150-2150 METAR Aigen/Ennstal, Zeltweg

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
E-12 METEOROLOGY 28 DEC 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
outside AUTOMETAR Klagenfurt, Graz
operational QNH
hours without
TCU
Hannover Bremen 127.400 H24 cont. METAR Hannover1, Hamburg,
Volmet TREND Bremen1, Cologne-Bonn,
Frankfurt/Main1, Berlin
(Tegel)1, Amsterdam
(Schiphol), Copenhagen
(Kastrup)
Helsinki Volmet 128.400 H24 cont. METAR Tampere (Pirkkala), Turku,
Kuopio, Oulu, Vaasa
METAR Helsinki (Vantaa), Stockholm
TREND (Arlanda), St.-Petersburg
(Pulkovo), Tallin (Lennart
Meri)
Jonkoping Volmet 127.205 H24 cont. METAR Stockholm (Arlanda)
TREND
METAR Stockholm (Arlanda),
Forecast Stockholm (Bromma),
Stockholm (Skavsta),
Goteborg (Landvetter),
Malmo, Jonkoping, Kalmar,
Karlstad
Las Palmas Volmet 126.200 H24 cont. METAR Gran Canaria, Tenerife-
QNH North, Tenerife-South (Reina
Sofia), Fuerteventura,
TREND
Lanzarote, Casablanca
(Mohammed V Intl),
Marrakech (Menara),
Agadir (Al Massira Intl),
Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
Madrid-Barajas), Lisbon
Lisbon Volmet 126.405 H24 cont. METAR Lisbon, Porto (Francisco
SPECI sa Carneiro), Faro, Seville,
Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
SIGMET
Madrid-Barajas), Gran
Canaria, Tenerife-South
(Reina Sofia), Madeira, Porto
Santo
London (Main) Volmet 135.375 H24 cont. METAR Amsterdam (Schiphol),
QNH Brussels National, Dublin
(Intl), Glasgow, London
TREND1
(Gatwick), London
(Heathrow), London
(Stansted), Manchester,
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle)
London (North) Volmet 126.600 H24 cont. METAR Durham Tees Valley,
QNH Humberside, Isle of
Man, Leeds Bradford,
TREND1
Liverpool, London (Gatwick),
Manchester, Newcastle, East
Midlands
London (South) Volmet 128.600 H24 cont. METAR Birmingham, Bournemouth,
QNH Bristol, Cardiff, Jersey,
London (Luton), Norwich,
TREND1
Southampton, Southend,
Exeter

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 1 FEB 19 METEOROLOGY E-13
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Luqa Volmet 126.800 H24 cont. METAR Rome (Fiumicino), Naples
TREND (Capodichino), Palermo
(Punta Raisi), Catania
(Fontanarossa), Tunis
(Carthage), Tripoli, Benghazi
(Benina), Malta (Luqa)
Madrid Volmet 126.205 H24 cont. METAR Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
QNH Madrid-Barajas), Barcelona
(El Prat), Seville, Malaga
TREND
(Costa del Sol), Valencia
(Manises), Alicante
(Alicante-Elche), Bilbao,
Lisbon, Bordeaux (Merignac)
Marseille Radio 127.405 H24 cont. METAR Marseille/Provence,
Nice/Cote D’Azur, Lyon
(Saint Exupery), Geneva,
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
Rome (Fiumicino), Milan
(Linate), Palma de Mallorca,
Barcelona
SIGMET Marseille FIR, France UIR
128.600 H24 cont. METAR Ajaccio (Campo
Dell’Oro), Bastia
(Poretta), Lille (Lesquin),
Lyon (Saint Exupery),
Marseille/Provence,
Montpellier/Mediterranee,
Nice/Cote D’Azur, Nimes
(Garons), Paris (Charles-de-
Gaulle), Paris (Orly),
Toulouse (Blagnac)
(French language)
SIGMET Marseille FIR, France UIR
(French language)
Milan Volmet 126.600 H24 cont. METAR Milan (Linate), Milan
TREND (Malpensa), Venice
(Tessera), Pisa (San Giusto),
Rome (Fiumicino), Nice/Cote
D’Azur
METAR Torino (Caselle), Genoa
(Sestri), Bergamo (Orio al
Serio)
Paris Radio 126.005 H24 cont. METAR Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
Paris (Orly), Lyon (Saint
Exupery), Geneva, Zurich,
London (Heathrow), London
(Gatwick), Brussels National,
Amsterdam (Schiphol)
SIGMET Paris FIR, Brest FIR, Reims
FIR, France UIR
125.155 H24 cont. METAR Basle-Mulhouse, Beauvais
(Tille), Brest/Bretagne, Lille
(Lesquin), Nantes/Atlantique,
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
Paris (Orly), Reims (Prunay),
Strasbourg (Entzheim), Tours
(French language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 E-14 METEOROLOGY 1 FEB 19

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
SIGMET Paris FIR, Brest FIR, Reims
FIR, France UIR
(French language)
Pisa Volmet 128.400 H24 cont. METAR Pisa (San Giusto),
TREND Rimini, Zurich, Geneva,
Basle-Mulhouse, Munich,
Venice (Tessera)
METAR Trieste (Ronchi dei
Legionari), Bologna (Borgo
Panigale)
Rome Volmet 126.000 H24 cont. METAR Rome (Fiumicino), Naples
TREND (Capodichino), Milan (Linate),
Milan (Malpensa), Malta
(Luqa), Tunis (Carthage)
METAR Rome (Ciampino), Catania
(Fontanarossa), Palermo
(Punta Raisi)
Royal Air Force Volmet 5450 H24 00/30 METAR Brize Norton, Waddington,
11253 Birmingham, East Midlands,
Manchester, Cardiff,
Prestwick, Lossiemouth,
Northolt, Newcastle
07/37 Adana, Akrotiri, Chania,
Faro, Gibraltar, Larnaca,
Stavanger, Bardufoss,
Harstad-Narvik (Evenes),
Trondheim (Vaernes)
13/43 Porto (Francisco sa
Carneiro), Tenerife-South
(Reina Sofia), Keflavik, Lajes
AB
Santa Maria Volmet 124.850 H24 cont. METAR Santa Maria, Ponta Delgada
SPECI (Joao Paulo II), Lajes AB,
Pico, Horta
SIGMET
Santiago Volmet 126.605 H24 cont. METAR Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
QNH Madrid-Barajas), Barcelona
(El Prat), Asturias,
TREND
Santiago, Lisbon, Porto
(Francisco sa Carneiro),
Faro, Brest/Bretagne,
Nantes/Atlantique
Scottish Volmet Volmet 125.725 H24 cont. METAR Aberdeen (Dyce), Belfast
QNH (Aldergrove), Edinburgh,
Glasgow, Inverness, London
TREND1
(Heathrow), Prestwick,
Stornoway, Sumburgh
Seville Volmet 128.380 H24 cont. METAR Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
QNH Madrid-Barajas), Seville,
Malaga (Costa del Sol),
TREND
Gibraltar, Lisbon, Faro,
Casablanca (Mohammed V
Intl), Tanger (Ibn Batouta
Intl), Rabat (Sale Intl)
Shannon Volmet 3413 NIGHT 00-05 TAF Brussels National,
Amsterdam (Schiphol)
5505 H24 METAR Brussels National,
8957 H24 Amsterdam (Schiphol)
Hamburg, Frankfurt/Main,
Munich
q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY E-15
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
13264 DAY 05-10 TAF London (Heathrow), London
(Gatwick), London (Stansted)
METAR London (Heathrow),
Prestwick, London (Gatwick),
London (Stansted), Glasgow
10-15 TAF Dublin (Intl), Shannon
METAR Dublin (Intl), Shannon,
Manchester, Keflavik
15-20 TAF Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
Madrid-Barajas), Lisbon,
Santa Maria
METAR Madrid (Adolfo Suarez
Madrid-Barajas), Lisbon,
Santa Maria, Lajes
20-25 TAF Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
Paris (Orly)
METAR Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle),
Paris (Orly), Zurich, Geneva,
Milan (Malpensa)
25-30 METAR Stockholm (Arlanda),
Manchester, Shannon,
Copenhagen (Kastrup),
Bergen (Flesland), Dublin
(Intl), Helsinki (Vantaa)
30-35 TAF Frankfurt/Main,
Cologne-Bonn
METAR Frankfurt/Main,
Cologne-Bonn, Duesseldorf,
Munich, Luxembourg
35-40 TAF Keflavik, Glasgow,
Manchester
METAR London (Heathrow), London
(Gatwick), Keflavik, Glasgow,
Manchester
40-45 TAF Oslo (Gardermoen),
Copenhagen (Kastrup)
METAR Copenhagen (Kastrup),
Stockholm (Arlanda),
Goteborg (Landvetter),
Bergen (Flesland), Oslo
(Gardermoen), Helsinki
(Vantaa)
45-50 TAF Zurich, Geneva
METAR Zurich, Geneva, Paris (Orly),
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle)
50-55 TAF Hamburg
METAR Brussels National,
Amsterdam (Schiphol),
Frankfurt/Main,
Cologne-Bonn, Hamburg
55-00 TAF Rome (Fiumicino), Milan
(Malpensa)
METAR Rome (Fiumicino), Milan
(Malpensa), Torino (Caselle),
Lisbon, Lajes, Santa Maria

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
E-16 METEOROLOGY 28 DEC 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Skopje Volmet 124.325 H24 cont. METAR Skopje (Intl), Ohrid (St.Paul
TREND the Apostle), Belgrade
(Nikola Tesla), Sofia,
Thessaloniki (Makedonia),
Tirana
Stockholm Volmet 127.605 H24 cont. METAR Stockholm (Arlanda),
TREND Norrkoping (Kungsangen),
Copenhagen (Kastrup),
Oslo (Gardermoen), Helsinki
(Vantaa), Turku
METAR Stockholm (Arlanda),
Forecast Norrkoping (Kungsangen),
Malmo, Copenhagen
(Kastrup), Goteborg
(Landvetter), Oslo
(Gardermoen), Helsinki
(Vantaa), Visby
Sundsvall Volmet 127.805 H24 cont. METAR Stockholm (Arlanda)
TREND
METAR Stockholm (Arlanda),
Forecast Stockholm (Bromma),
Sundsvall-Harnosand,
Sundsvall-Timra, Umea, Are
Ostersund, Ornskoldsvik,
Skelleftea, Lulea (Kallax),
Kiruna
Vienna/ National 122.555 Stations cont. AUTOMETAR Wiener Neustadt/Ost,
Rauchenwarth Volmet Wien Report H24 Mariazell
Austria4 every 10
minutes
without TCU
0600-1900 METAR Wiener Neustadt, Voslau,
during legal QNH Tulln
summertime:
0500-1900
H24 SIGMET Vienna FIR
AIRMET
ARS (special
AIREP
significant for Eastern Austria
PIREP
Volmet Wien 126.005 H24 cont. METAR Vienna (Schwechat)
Austria5 QNH
TREND
METAR Bratislava (M.R. Stefanik),
QNH Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl),
Zagreb (Pleso), Munich
0250-2250 cont. METAR Linz, Salzburg, Graz,
during legal QNH Klagenfurt
summertime: TREND
0150-2150
outside AUTOMETAR Linz, Salzburg, Graz,
operational QNH Klagenfurt
hours without
TCU

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 3 Jan
28 DEC 18 METEOROLOGY E-17
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
H24 SIGMET Vienna, Munich, Zurich FIR
AIRMET
ARS (special
AIREP
significant for Western Austria
PIREP
Zagreb Volmet 127.800 H24 05-15 METAR Zagreb (Pleso), Dubrovnik
(Cilipi), Split (Kastela), Pula,
Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Belgrade
(Nikola Tesla), Zurich,
Munich, Frankfurt/Main
Zugspitze National 130.480 0250-2250 cont. METAR Innsbruck, Salzburg, Linz
Volmet during legal QNH
Innsbruck summertime: TREND
Austria6
0150-2150
H24 METAR Bolzano
METAR Munich, Zurich, Altenrhein,
QNH Friedrichshafen
outside AUTOMETAR Innsbruck, Salzburg,
operational QNH Klagenfurt, Linz
times without
TCU
H24 SIGMET Vienna FIR
AIRMET
ARS (special
AIREP)
significant for Western Austria
PIREP
Zurich Met 127.205 H24 cont. METAR Zurich, Geneva,
Broadcast Basle-Mulhouse,
Frankfurt/Main, Munich,
Stuttgart, Milan (Malpensa),
Milan (Linate), Lugano, Bern
(Belp)
outside APT AUTOMETAR Lugano, Bern (Belp)
hours
1 TREND forecast if available.
2 TAF, if available.
3 National Volmet Klagenfurt Austria available by phone: +43 5 1703 6834
4 National Volmet Wien Austria available by phone: +43 5 1703 3439
5 Volmet Wien Austria available by phone: +43 5 1703 3438
6 National Volmet Innsbruck Austria available by phone: +43 5 1703 6634

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 31 Jan
25 JAN 19 METEOROLOGY EE-1 q$i

NATIONAL DIFFERENCES TO ICAO ANNEX 3 - EASTERN EUROPE

AZERBAIJAN The relation between the values of measured friction
In TAF a visibility corresponds to a forecast minimal coefficients, the values of the normative friction coef-
visibility. ficients, the calculated braking action and the opera-
tional values are given in the following table:
D-VOLMET is not issued.
Normative Braking
BELARUS Code Measured FC
FC Action
Cloud of operational significance. The term is not 5 0.40 and above 0.42 and Good
used. above
Extended range operation. The term is not used. 4 0.39 - 0.36 0.41 - 0.40 Medium to
Reporting of braking action. The official used fric- Good
tion coefficient (Normative FC) in Belarus differs from 3 0.35 - 0.30 0.39 - 0.37 Medium
ICAO FC: 2 0.29 - 0.26 0.36 - 0.35 Medium to
Poor
Braking
Code ICAO FC Measured FC 1 0.25 - 0.18 0.34 -0.3 Poor
Action
9 0.18 and below 0.3 and Unreliable
5 0.40 and 0.40 and Good
below
above above
4 0.39 - 0.36 0.39 - 0.36 Good to KYRGYZSTAN
Medium
Forecasts for take-off only on request.
3 0.35 - 0.30 0.35 - 0.30 Medium
2 0.29 - 0.26 0.29 - 0.26 Medium to LATVIA
Poor Automated reports do not contain cloud type (CB and
1 0.25 and 0.25 - 0.17 Poor TCU).
below Freezing precipitation, FZFG and TS (including TS in
9 0.16 and Unreliable the vicinity) are not identified for automated reports.
below
In automated reports the following types of present
weather phenomena are not reported:
CZECHIA
a. precipitation: SG, PL, GR, GS;
Wind shear warnings are not issued.
b. obscurations: SA, DU, FU, VA;
KAZAKHSTAN c. other phenomena: PO, SQ, FC, DS, SS.
The results of the RVR measurements are reported In automated reports the abbreviation UP is not used.
(in meters) during periods when the visibility or RVR
is 2000m or less. In automated reports the following characteristics of
present weather phenomena are not reported: SH,
The visibility included in TAF refers to the forecast BL, DR, MI, BC.
minimal visibility specified in the report.
In automated reports, the present weather will not be
Local regular reports, local special reports, METAR replaced by // when the present weather cannot be
and SPECI reports indicate the type of current observed by the automatic observing system due to
weather phenomena - ice crystals (very small) a temporary failure of the system/sensor.
(IC), suspended ice crystals called diamond dust
(reported with visibility of 5000m or less associated In automated reports, the abbreviation NSC will be
with this phenomenon). used also in cases when CB and/or TCU clouds
above 5000ft exist.
TAF includes ice crystals (very small) (IC).
The surface wind criteria for the inclusion of change
The criteria for including groups of changes in TAF groups in TAF or for the amendment of TAF are not
forecasts or making adjustments to them also include used.
the phenomenon of weather ice crystals (very small)
(IC). Changes in the surface wind through values of opera-
tional significance in trend forecasts are not indicated.
At Almaty, Astana, Aktobe, Aktau, Atyrau, Kara-
ganda, Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Shymkent aero- Liepaja Airport
dromes the information on runway braking action is In local routine and special reports the surface wind
transmitted by ATIS as follows: direction is reported in degrees magnetic.
– in English: in term of estimated braking action rel- CB and TCU clouds are not detected and described
ative to the measured friction coefficients. in automated reports.
– in Russian: in numerical values of the normative
friction coefficients. Cloud observation for all reports are representative of
the aerodrome.
At all other aerodromes, the information on the run-
way pavement condition is transmitted as numerical Reports do not contain any supplementary informa-
values of the normative friction coefficient in English tion on significant meteorological conditions in the
and Russian. approach and climb-out areas.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.


EE-2 METEOROLOGY
NATIONAL DIFFERENCES TO ICAO ANNEX 3 - EASTERN EUROPE
Riga Airport
In local routine and special reports the surface wind
direction is reported in degrees magnetic.
A trend forecast is not appended to a local special
report.
Ventspils Airport
A cloud with the height of cloud base below 6000ft is
reported in automated reports.
CB and TCU clouds are not detected and described
in automated reports.
Cloud observation for all reports are representative of
the aerodrome.
Reports do not contain any supplementary informa-
tion on significant meteorological conditions in the
approach and climb-out areas.
VHF MET INFO broadcasts and displays in real time
of meteorological parameters for the local ATS unit
are provided as an alternative to issuing of local
routine and special reports in abbreviated plain lan-
guage.
CAVOK will be included in automated reports also
in cases when CB and/or TCU cloud above 6000ft
and/or a weather phenomenon that cannot be
detected by automatic observing system exists at the
aerodrome.
In automated reports /// is not used for replacement
of:
a. the cloud type in each group when the cloud type
cannot be observed;
b. the vertical visibility when its value cannot be
determined by the automatic observing system
due to a temporary failure of the system/sensor.
LITHUANIA
VOLMET service is not provided.
Automated reports do not contain cloud type (CB and
TCU).
In MET REPORT/SPECIAL reports the surface wind
mean direction is reported in magnetic degrees.
Automated reports do not contain any supplementary
information on significant meteorological conditions
in the approach and climb-out areas.
In MET REPORT/SPECIAL reports for Siauliai (Intl)
aerodrome, the AUTO identifier of automatic local
reports is not used.
Routine aircraft observations are not made.
Trend forecasts for Kaunas (Intl) and Palanga (Intl)
aerodromes are not prepared.
Trend forecasts prepared to MET REPORT and
METAR are the same.
Forecast for take-off for Kaunas (Intl), Palanga (Intl)
and Siauliai (Intl) airports are not prepared, for Vilnius
(Intl) airport shall be prepared on request.
Wind shear warning for Kaunas (Intl), Palanga (Intl)
and Siauliai (Intl) aerodromes are not prepared.
q$z
Eff 31 Jan
25 JAN 19
q$i
Supplementary information is not used as criteria for
issuing automatic SPECI and local special reports.
In automated reports the following characteristics of
present weather phenomena are not reported: SH,
BL, DR, MI, BC.
At Vilnius (Intl) airport the height of cloud base is
reported above aerodrome elevation to arriving and
to departing aircraft.
In automated reports, the abbreviation “NSC” will
be used also in cases when CB and/or TCU clouds
above 5000 FT exist.
At Siauliai (Intl) airport in automated reports “///” is not
used for replacement of cloud type.
Information on wind shear is not added into METAR/
SPECI AUTO reports.
Information on the runway surface status in METAR/
SPECI reports for Kaunas (Intl) is always given with
reference to the same runway marking, irrespective
of the direction of the runway in use.
The visibility value is the same in trend forecasts
appended to local and METAR/ SPECI reports.
MOLDOVA
The prevailing visibility is not assessed and reported
or forecasted in Republic of Moldova. Instead of pre-
vailing visibility the lowest visibility is assessed and
reported.
The following definition for visibility is used in Repub-
lic of Moldova: Visibility for aeronautical purposes is
the greater of the greatest distance depending from
atmospheric conditions, on which can be seen and
recognized known objects acceptable size or the
known sources of the light of the moderate strength.
It is represented by the meteorological optical range
(MOR). Visibility is not reported as the greatest dis-
tance at which lights in the vicinity of 1000 candelas
can be seen and identified against an unlit back-
ground.
The national regulations doesn’t require operator to
include in the notification information regarding the
type of flight (VFR or IFR). Meteorological documen-
tation related to intended flight will be provided by
MET-provider 2 hours prior ETD mentioned in the
flight plan or in the notification, until in the operator
mentioned another time.
The SPECI reports are not issued in Republic of
Moldova, because METARs are issued each half an
hour for all operational aerodromes.
The runway visual range is reported throughout peri-
ods when the either visibility or runway visual range
is less than 2000m or less.
The visibility included in TAF refers to the forecast of
the lowest visibility at aerodrome.
D-VOLMET or VOLMET broadcasts are not available
in the Chisinau FIR.
© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
 Eff 31 Jan
25 JAN 19 METEOROLOGY EE-3
NATIONAL DIFFERENCES TO ICAO ANNEX 3 - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

In local routine and special reports, the mean direc- Forecasts for take-off are not made. Forecast for land-
tion of the surface wind, as well as significant vari- ing is used.
ations of the wind direction is reported in degrees
AIRMET information is not issued.
MAGNETIC NORTH, while in the METAR and SPECI
in degrees TRUE NORTH. Wind shear alert expiring during 30 minutes, if not
received new information from aircraft crews.
When different visibility values appear in different
directions, in the METAR is included the minimum
visibility at the aerodrome.

RUSSIA
In local routine and special reports the runway visual
range is reported when visibility is 2000m or less.
Reporting of braking action:

Normative
Measured Braking
Code FC (Russian
FC Action
FC)
5 0.40 and 0.42 and Good
above above
4 0.39 - 0.36 0.41 - 0.40 Good to
Medium
3 0.35 - 0.30 0.39 - 0.37 Medium
2 0.29 - 0.26 0.36 - 0.35 Medium to
Poor
1 0.25 - 0.18 0.34 - 0.31 Poor
9 0.17 and 0.30 and Unreliable
below below

Meteorological reports (METAR) at most of the aero-

dromes of the Russian Federation currently include
normative friction coefficient, but there are some
exceptions, for example, Sheremetyevo aerodrome
METAR report contains information on measured
friction coefficient.

SLOVAKIA
TREND forecast is not appended to a special report.
In local routine and special reports, the runway visual
range is based on the maximum light intensity of the
corresponding runway.

UKRAINE
Prevailing visibility is not used.
Data on the wind direction are reported in units - mag-
netic degrees in MET REPORT and SPECIAL local
reports.
Forecast for take-off are not made.
D-VOLMET is not issued.
Report SPECI is not included in VHF VOLMET broad-
casting.

UZBEKISTAN
For local routine, special reports and METAR, SPECI
reports visibility and runway visual range reported in
meters.
The runway visual range shall be reported when
either the visibility or the runway visual range is
2000m and less - at twilight and at night, 1000m and
less.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1999, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 24 May
18 MAY 18 METEOROLOGY EE-5 q$i

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE

RADIOTELEPHONY
Identify location for which weather is desired and find
station(s) disseminating broadcast.

Weather for Available from Stations

Abakan Novosibirsk
Aktau Aktau
Aktobe Aktobe
Almaty Almaty, Baku
Amderma Syktyvkar
Anapa (Vityazevo) Sochi
Andizhan Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Arkhangelsk (Talagi) St Petersburg, Syktyvkar
Ashgabat Ashgabat, Baku
Astana Astana
Atyrau Atyrau
Baku (Heydar Aliyev Intl) Baku
Barnaul (Mikhaylovka) Barnaul, Novosibirsk
Bishkek (Manas) Bishkek
Blagoveshchensk (Ignatyevo) Chita, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok
Bratislava (M.R. Stefanik) Bratislava, Budapest, Prague, L’viv, Vienna/Rauchenwarth
Bratsk Irkutsk
Brno (Turany) Prague
Bryansk Bryansk
Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel Vlaicu) Bucharest, Odesa
Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Belgrade, Bucharest, Budapest, Odesa, Royal Air Force,
Sofia
Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl) Belgrade, Bucharest, Budapest, Prague, Royal Air Force,
Sofia, Vienna/Rauchenwarth, Warsaw
Bukhara Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Burgas Sofia
Chelyabinsk (Balandino) Yekaterinburg
Chisinau (Intl) Bucharest, Kyiv, Odesa
Chita (Kadala) Chita, Irkutsk
Constanta (M. Kogalniceanu-Constanta) Bucharest
Dashoguz Dashoguz
Dnipro Dnipro
Fergana Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Gdansk (Lecha Walesa) Warsaw
Homiel Minsk-2
Irkutsk Chita, Irkutsk
Ivano-Frankivs’k L’viv
Karaganda Karaganda
Karlovy Vary Prague
Karshi Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Kazan Samara
Kemerovo Novosibirsk

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 24 May
EE-6 METEOROLOGY 18 MAY 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Khabarovsk (Novy) Khabarovsk, Magadan, Vladivostok
Khatanga Syktyvkar
Khujand Khujand
Kirensk Irkutsk
Kolpashevo Novosibirsk
Kosice Bratislava
Krasnodar (Pashkovskiy) Sochi
Krasnoyarsk (Yemelyanovo) Irkutsk, Novosibirsk
Kunovice Prague
Kursk (Vostochny) Kursk
Kyiv (Boryspil’) Dnipro, Kyiv, L’viv, Minsk-2, Moscow, Odesa
Kyiv (Zhuliany) Dnipro
L’viv L’viv, Kyiv
Magadan (Sokol) Magadan, Khabarovsk
Magnitogorsk Magnitogorsk, Yekaterinburg
Mary Mary
Mineralnyye Vody Sochi
Minsk-2 Minsk-2, St Petersburg, Moscow
Moscow (Domodedovo) Moscow, St Petersburg
Moscow (Sheremetyevo) Minsk-2, Moscow, St Petersburg, Warsaw, Riga
Moscow (Vnukovo) Minsk-2, Moscow, St Petersburg, Riga
Murmansk Murmansk, St Petersburg
Nakhchivan Baku
Namangan Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Navoi Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Nizhnevartovsk Syktyvkar
Nizhny Novgorod (Strigino) Moscow, Samara
Novokuznetsk Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo) Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg
Norilsk (Alykel) Syktyvkar
Nukus Nukus, Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR
‘SKD’, Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench
VOR ‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Odesa Kyiv, L’viv, Dnipro, Odesa
Omsk (Tsentralny) Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg
Orenburg Samara
Osh Osh
Ostrava (Mosnov) Bratislava, Prague
Pardubice Prague
Pechora Syktyvkar
Perm (Bolshoe Savino) Yekaterinburg
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Yelizovo) Magadan, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Khavarovsk
Piestany Bratislava
Plovdiv Sofia
Poliarny Poliarny
Poprad (Tatry) Bratislava
Poznan (Lawica) Warsaw

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 24 May
18 MAY 18 METEOROLOGY EE-7
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Prague (Ruzyne) Berlin, Bratislava, Budapest, Frankfurt/Main, Prague,
Warsaw
Riga Minsk-2, Riga, Moscow
Samara (Kurumoch) Moscow, Samara, Yekaterinburg
Samarkand Samarkand, Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand
VOR ‘SKD’, Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’,
Urgench VOR ‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Saratov Samara
Shymkent Shymkent
Sliac Bratislava
Sochi Sochi
Sofia Bucharest, Sofia, Skopje
St Petersburg (Pulkovo) Moscow, St Petersburg, Minsk-2, Riga
Stavropol (Shpakovskoye) Sochi
Surgut Syktyvkar
Syktyvkar Syktyvkar
Tallinn (Lennart Meri) Riga, Helsinki
Tashkent (Islam Karimov) Baku, Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR
‘SKD’, Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench
VOR ‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Tbilisi Baku
Termez Tashkent, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR ‘SKD’,
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench VOR
‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Timisoara (Traian Vuia) Bucharest
Tomsk (Bogashevo) Novosibirsk
Turkmenabat Turkmenabat
Turkmenbashi Baku, Turkmenbashi
Tyumen (Roshchino) Yekaterinburg
Ufa Samara, Yekaterinburg
Ukhta Syktyvkar
Ulan-Ude (Mukhino) Chita, Irkutsk
Ulyanovsk (Baratayevka) Samara
Ulyanovsk (Vostochny) Moscow
Urgench Tashkent, Urgench, Tashkent VOR ‘TKT’, Samarkand VOR
‘SKD’, Termez VOR ‘TRZ’, Namangan VOR ‘NMA’, Urgench
VOR ‘URG’, Navoi VOR ‘NVI’
Usinsk Syktyvkar
Varna Sofia
Viciebsk Viciebsk
Vilnius (Intl) Moscow, Riga, St Petersburg
Vladivostok (Knevichi) Khabarovsk, Vladivostok
Volgograd (Gumrak) Samara
Vorkuta Syktyvkar
Voronezh (Chertovitskoye) Voronezh
Warsaw (Chopin) Minsk-2, Moscow, Prague, Warsaw, Riga
Yakutsk Chita
Yekaterinburg (Koltsovo) Yekaterinburg
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Khomutovo) Khabarovsk, Vladivostok
Zilina Bratislava

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 24 May
EE-8 METEOROLOGY 18 MAY 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Aktau Atis 130.10 H24 cont. METAR Aktau
TREND English language
126.20 Aktau
Russian language
Aktobe Atis 126.00 H24 cont. METAR Aktobe
TREND English language
127.80 Aktobe
Russian language
Almaty Atis 129.80 H24 cont. METAR Almaty
TREND English language
135.10 Almaty
Russian language
Ashgabat Meteo 126.80 H24 cont. METAR Ashgabat
SPECI (Russian and English
TREND language)
Astana Atis 127.70 H24 cont. METAR Astana
TREND English language
128.30 Astana
Russian language
Atyrau Atis 127.40 H24 cont. METAR Atyrau
TREND English language
126.60 Atyrau
Russian language
Baku Volmet 126.675 H24 cont. METAR Baku (Heydar Aliyev Intl),
TREND Tehran (Mehrabad Intl),
Tbilisi, Turkmenbashi,
Ashgabat, Almaty, Tashkent
(Islam Karimov), Nakhchivan,
Ganja
(English language)
Barnaul Meteo 129.70 H24 cont. METAR Barnaul (Mikhaylovka)
TREND (Russian language)
Bishkek Meteo 127.90 H24 cont. METAR Bishkek (Manas)
TREND (Russian and English
language)
Bratislava Volmet 126.20 H24 cont. QNH Bratislava FIR
METAR
TREND
SIGMET
METAR Bratislava (M. R. Stefanik),
TREND Prague (Ruzyne), Kosice,
Sliac, Poprad (Tatry),
SIGMET
Piestany, Zilina, Ostrava
(Mosnov)
Bryansk Meteo 124.20 HO cont. METAR Bryansk
TREND (Russian language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 8 Nov
2 NOV 18 METEOROLOGY EE-9
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Bucharest Volmet 126.80 H24 cont. METAR Bucharest (Henri Coanda),
QNH Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel
Vlaicu), Constanta (M.
TREND
Kogalniceanu-Constanta),
Timisoara (Traian Vuia),
Belgrade (Lisiciji Jarak),
Sofia, Chisinau (Intl), Istanbul
(Ataturk), Budapest (Liszt
Ferenc Intl)
Budapest Volmet 127.405 H24 05 SIGMET Budapest FIR
35 METAR Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl),
TREND Prague (Ruzyne), Bratislava
(M. R. Stefanik), Bucharest
(Henri Coanda), Belgrade
(Lisiciji Jarak), Vienna
(Schwechat)
Chita Volmet 128.30 H24 cont. METAR Chita (Kadala), Ulan-Ude
TREND (Mukhino), Irkutsk
(Russian and English
language)
Blagoveshchensk (Ignatyevo),
Yakutsk
(Russian language)
Dashoguz Meteo 127.40 H24 cont. METAR Dashoguz
SPECI (Russian and English
TREND language)
Dnipro Volmet 126.45 H24 cont. METAR Dnipro, Kyiv (Boryspil’), Kyiv
TREND (Zhuliany), Odesa
SIGMET Dnipro FIR/Dnipro-North UTA,
Simferopol’ FIR/Dnipro-South
UTA, Odesa-South UTA
Irkutsk Volmet 125.475 H24 cont. METAR Irkutsk, Chita (Kalada),
TREND Ulan-Ude (Mukhino), Bratsk,
Krasnoyarsk (Yemelyanovo)
(Russian and English
language)
Kirensk
(Russian language)
Karaganda Atis 135.80 H24 cont. METAR Karaganda
TREND (English language)
127.80 Karaganda
(Russian language)
Khabarovsk Volmet 127.875 H24 cont. METAR Khabarovsk (Novy),
TREND Blagoveshchensk (Ignatyevo),
Vladivostok (Knevichi),
SIGMET
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
(Khomutovo), Magadan
(Sokol), Petropavlovsk-
Kamchatsky (Yelizovo)
(Russian and English
language)
Khujand Meteo 127.20 0000-1800 cont. METAR Khujand
TREND (Russian language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 8 Nov
EE-10 METEOROLOGY 2 NOV 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Kostanay Atis 127.50 H24 cont. METAR Kostanay
TREND (English language)
126.80 Kostanay
(Russian Language)
Kursk Meteo 127.80 HO cont. METAR Kursk (Vostochny)
TREND (Russian language)
Kyiv Volmet 129.375 H24 cont. METAR Kyiv (Boryspil’), L’viv, Odesa,
Boryspil’ TREND Chisinau (Intl)
SIGMET Kyiv FIR/UTA
Kyzylorda Atis 134.90 H24 cont. METAR Kyzylorda
TREND (English language)
123.40 Kyzylorda
(Russian language)
L’viv Volmet 133.325 H24 cont. METAR L’viv, Ivano-Frankivs’k, Odesa,
TREND Bratislava (M. R. Stefanik),
Kyiv (Boryspil’)
SIGMET L’viv FIR/UTA
Magadan Volmet 126.20 HO cont. METAR Magadan (Sokol),
TREND Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy
(Yelizovo), Khabarovsk (Novy)
(Russian and English
language)
Magnitogorsk Meteo 132.80 H24 cont. METAR Magnitogorsk
TREND (Russian and English
language)
Mary Meteo 128.30 H24 cont. METAR Mary
SPECI (Russian & English language)
TREND
Minsk-2 Volmet2 126.675 H24 cont. METAR Minsk-2, Kyiv (Boryspil’),
TREND Warsaw (Chopin), Riga,
Moscow (Sheremetyevo),
Moscow (Vnukovo),
Frankfurt/Main, Homiel,
St Petersburg (Pulkovo)
Moscow Meteo 13279 DAY 25-30 METAR Moscow (Sheremetyevo),
10090 H24 55-60 TAF Moscow (Vnukovo), Kyiv
(Boryspil’), St Petersburg
4663 NIGHT
(Pulkovo)
(English language)
Volmet 127.875 H24 cont. METAR Moscow (Vnukovo), St
Petersburg (Pulkovo), Kyiv
(Boryspil’), Nizhny Novgorod
(Strigino), Minsk-2, Samara
(Kurumoch), Ulyanovsk
(Vostochny), Helsinki
(Vantaa), Riga, Warsaw
(Chopin), Helsinki (Vantaa),
Moscow (Domodedovo),
Vilnius (Intl)
(English language)
SIGMET Moscow FIR (English
language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 31 Jan
25 JAN 19 METEOROLOGY EE-11
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Vnukovo- 128.125 METAR Moscow (Vnukovo), St
Volmet Petersburg (Pulkovo),
Minsk-2, Kyiv (Boryspil’),
Nizhny Novgorod (Strigino),
Samara (Kurumoch), Riga,
Ulyanovsk (Vostochny),
Helsinki (Vantaa)
(Russian language)
SIGMET Moscow FIR (Russian
language)
Murmansk Meteo 127.40 H24 cont. METAR Murmansk
TREND (Russian and English
language)
Namangan VOR Tashkent- 116.00 H24 cont. METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov),
‘NMA’ Volmet TREND Samarkand, Namangan,
Bukhara, Navoi, Karshi,
Termez, Urgench, Nukus,
Andizhan, Fergana
(English language)
Navoi VOR ‘NVI’ Tashkent- 113.80 H24 cont. METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov),
Volmet TREND Samarkand, Namangan,
Bukhara, Navoi, Karshi,
Termez, Urgench, Nukus,
Andizhan, Fergana
(English language)
Novosibirsk Meteo 11318 DAY 10-15 METAR Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo),
2869 NIGHT 40-45 TREND Abakan, Barnaul
(Mikhaylovka), Krasnoyarsk
8888 H24
(Yemelyanovo), Tomsk
6693 (Bogashevo), Kemerovo,
Kolpashevo, Novokuznetsk,
Omsk (Tsentralny)
(Russian language)
Volmet 128.30 H24 cont. METAR Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo),
Barnaul (Mikhaylovka),
Abakan, Krasnoyarsk
(Yemelyanovo), Omsk
(Tsentralny), Tomsk
(Bogashevo), Kemerovo,
Novokuznetsk
(Russian language)
120.80 Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo),
Barnaul (Mikhaylovka),
Abakan, Krasnoyarsk
(Yemelyanovo), Omsk
(Tsentralny)
(English language)
Nukus Meteo 127.20 H24 cont. METAR Nukus
TREND (Russian language)
Odesa Volmet 126.375 H24 cont. METAR Odesa, Kyiv (Boryspil’),
TREND Chisinau (Intl), Bucharest
(Henri Coanda), Bucharest
(Baneasa-Aurel Vlaicu),
Istanbul (Ataturk)
SIGMET Odesa FIR/Odesa-North UTA,
Simferopol’ FIR/ Dnipro-South
UTA, Odesa-South UTA

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 31 Jan
EE-12 METEOROLOGY 25 JAN 19

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Osh Meteo 134.20 H24 cont. METAR Osh
TREND (Russian and English
language)
Petropavlosk- Meteo 126.80 H24 cont. METAR Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Kamchatsky TREND (Yelizovo)
(Russian language)
Poliarny Meteo 127.20 HO 2230- METAR Poliarny
1430 (Russian language)
Prague Volmet1 128.605 H24 cont. SIGMET Prague FIR
(English language)
METAR Berlin (Schonefeld),
Bratislava (M.R. Stefanik),
Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl),
Frankfurt/Main, Munich,
Prague (Ruzyne), Warsaw
(Chopin), Vienna (Schwechat)
(English language)
125.525 SIGMET Prague FIR
QNH (English language)
METAR Brno (Turany), Karlovy Vari,
Ostrava (Mosnov), Pardubice,
Prague (Ruzyne), Kunovice
(English language)
Riga Volmet2 127.655 H24 cont. METAR Riga, Vilnius (Intl), Tallinn
TREND (English language)
TAF
SIGMET
METAR Stockholm (Arlanda), Moscow
TREND (Sheremetyevo), Moskow
(Vnukovo), St Petersburg
TAF
(Pulkovo), Helsinki (Vaanta),
Warsaw (Chopin)
(English language)
Samara Volmet 126.875 H24 cont. METAR Samara (Kurumoch),
TREND Ulyanovsk (Baratayevka),
Kazan, Saratov, Nizhny
Novgorod (Strigino),
Volgograd (Gumrak), Ufa,
Orenburg
(Russian language)
Meteo 11318 DAY 15-20 Samara (Kurumoch), Kazan,
2869 NIGHT 45-50 Orenburg
8888 H24 (Russian language)
6693
Samarkand Meteo 127.80 H24 cont. METAR Samarkand
TREND (Russian language)
Samarkand VOR Tashkent- 115.00 H24 cont. METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov),
‘SKD’ Volmet TREND Samarkand, Namangan,
Bukhara, Navoi, Karshi,
Termez, Urgench, Nukus,
Andizhan, Fergana
(English language)
Shymkent Atis 119.20 H24 cont. METAR Shymkent
TREND (English language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2019. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 8 Nov
2 NOV 18 METEOROLOGY EE-13
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
126.60 Shymkent
(Russian language)
Sochi Volmet 128.70 H24 cont. METAR Anapa (Vityazevo),
TREND Krasnodar (Pashkovskiy),
Mineralnyye Vody, Stavropol
(Shpakovskoye), Sochi
(Russian language)
133.10 Anapa (Vityazevo),
Krasnodar (Pashkovskiy),
Mineralnyye Vody, Stavropol
(Shpakovskoye), Sochi
(English language)
Volmet 128.70 H24 cont. SIGMET Rostov-na-Donu FIR
(Russian language)
133.10 Rostov-na-Donu FIR
(English language)
Sofia Volmet 126.605 H24 cont. METAR Sofia, Varna, Burgas, Plovdiv,
TREND Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl),
Bucharest (Henri Coanda),
Belgrade (Nikola Tesla),
Thessaloniki (Makedonia),
Istanbul (Ataturk)
(English language)
St Petersburg Pulkovo- 125.875 H24 cont. METAR St Petersburg (Pulkovo),
Volmet TREND Moscow (Sheremetyevo),
Moscow (Vnukovo), Minsk-2,
Kaliningrad (Khrabrovo),
Vilnius, Stockholm (Arlanda),
Helsinki (Vantaa)
(English language)
Meteo 8939 H24 35-45 St Petersburg (Pulkovo),
6617 H24 Arkangelsk (Talagi), Moscow
(Domodedovo), Moscow
(Sheremetyevo), Moscow
(Vnukovo), Murmansk
(Russian language)
Syktyvkar Sivkar- 11318 DAY 00-05 METAR Amderma, Arkhangelsk
Meteo (Talagi), Khatanga,
8888 H24 30-35 Nizhnevartovsk, Norilsk
(Alykel), Pechora, Surgut,
2869 NIGHT
Syktyvkar, Ukhta, Usinsk,
Vorkuta
(Russian language)
Tashkent Meteo 8819 H24 20-30 METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov)
50-00 TREND (Russian language)
(every
TAF
hour)
3407 NIGHT METAR Samarkand, Bukhara, Navoi,
11279 DAY TREND Urgench, Namangan, Termez,
Fergana, Karshi, Nukus,
6730 H24
Andizhan
(Russian language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 8 Nov
EE-14 METEOROLOGY 2 NOV 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
13279 DAY 10-15 METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov)
40-45 TREND (English language)
(every
TAF
hour)
4663 NIGHT METAR Samarkand, Bukhara, Navoi,
10090 H24 TREND Urgench, Namangan, Termez,
Fergana, Karshi
(English language)
Tashkent VOR Tashkent- 113.2 H24 cont. METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov),
‘TKT’ Volmet TREND Samarkand, Namangan,
Bukhara, Navoi, Karshi,
Termez, Urgench, Nukus,
Andizhan, Fergana
(English language)
Termez VOR ‘TRZ’ Tashkent- 113.4 H24 cont. METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov),
Volmet TREND Samarkand, Namangan,
Bukhara, Navoi, Karshi,
Termez, Urgench, Nukus,
Andizhan, Fergana
(English language)
Turkmenabat Meteo 127.60 H24 cont. METAR Turkmenabat
SPECI (Russian and English
TREND language)
Turkmenbashi Meteo 127.80 H24 cont. METAR Turkmenbashi
SPECI (Russian and English
TREND language)
Urgench Meteo 127.70 H24 cont. METAR Urgench (Russian language)
TREND
Urgench VOR Tashkent- 114.2 H24 cont. METAR Tashkent (Islam Karimov),
‘URG’ Volmet TREND Samarkand, Namangan,
Bukhara, Navoi, Karshi,
Termez, Urgench, Nukus,
Andizhan, Fergana
(English language)
Viciebsk Meteo 126.52 HO cont. METAR Viciebsk
TREND (Russian language)
119.42 Viciebsk
(English language)
Vladivostok Volmet 126.40 H24 cont. METAR Vladivostok (Knevichi),
TREND Khabarovsk (Novy), Yuzhno-
Sakhalinsk (Khomutovo),
Blagoveshchensk (Ignatyevo)
(Russian and English
language)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 Eff 8 Nov
2 NOV 18 METEOROLOGY EE-15
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Broadcast Contents
Voronezh Meteo 120.80 H24 cont. METAR Voronezh (Chertovitskoye)
TREND (Russian language)
Yekaterinburg Volmet 123.0 H24 cont. METAR Yekaterinburg (Koltsovo),
SPECI Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo),
Samara (Kurumoch), Perm
(Bolshoe Savino), Ufa, Omsk
(Tsentralny), Magnitogorsk,
Tyumen (Roshchino),
Chelyabinsk (Balandino)
(Russian and English
language)
Warsaw Volmet3 127.60 H24 cont. METAR Copenhagen (Kastrup),
Stockholm (Arlanda), Berlin
(Schonefeld), Warsaw
(Chopin), Gdansk (Lech
Walesa), Poznan (Lawica),
Moscow (Sheremetyevo),
Budapest (Liszt Ferenc Intl),
Prague (Ruzyne)
1 Prague Volmet available by phone: +420 220378100.
2 D-Volmet available.
3 Warsaw Volmet available by phone: +48 22 574 5955.

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1989, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 14 SEP 18 METEOROLOGY ME-5 q$i

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA

RADIOTELEPHONY
Identify location for which weather is desired and find
station(s) disseminating broadcast.

Weather for Available from Stations

Abadan Beirut
Abu Dhabi (Intl) Bahrain, Kuwait
Adana Adana, Ankara, Royal Air Force
Agri Erzurum
Ahmedabad Mumbai
Akrotiri Royal Air Force
Alexandria (Borg El Arab Intl) Cairo
Alexandria (Intl) Cairo
Al Udeid AB Royal Air Force
Amman (Marka Intl) Beirut
Amman (Queen Alia Intl) Beirut, Tel Aviv
Ankara (Esenboga) Ankara, Beirut, Istanbul, Izmir, Samsun, Sivas
Antalya Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir
Ashgabat Royal Air Force
Aswan (Intl) Cairo
Baghdad (Intl) Beirut, Royal Air Force
Bahrain (Intl) Bahrain, Beirut, Kuwait, Muscat, Royal Air Force
Bastion Royal Air Force
Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl) Ankara, Beirut, Nicosia, Cairo
Benghazi (Benina Intl) Cairo
Bursa (Yenisehir) Istanbul
Cairo (Intl) Beirut, Cairo
Calicut Mumbai
Chennai (Intl) Mumbai
Damascus (Intl) Beirut, Nicosia, Cairo
Dammam (King Fahd Intl) Bahrain, Kuwait
Delhi (Indira Gandhi Intl) Karachi, Kolkata
Denizli (Cardak) Izmir
Dhaka (Hazrat Shahjalal Intl) Kolkata
Diyarbakir Adana
Doha (Intl) Bahrain, Kuwait
Dubai (Al Maktoum Intl) Royal Air Force
Dubai (Minhad) Royal Air Force
Dubai (Intl) Bahrain, Kuwait
Eilat (Intl) Tel Aviv
Elazig Adana, Erzurum, Sivas
Erzincan Ankara Merkez, Erzurum, Sivas
Erzurum Erzurum
Fujairah (Intl) Royal Air Force
Gaziantep Adana
Guwahati Kolkata
Haifa Tel Aviv
Islamabad (Benazir Bhutto Intl) Karachi
Istanbul (Ataturk) Ankara, Beirut, Istanbul, Izmir, Bucharest, Simferopol,
Sofia, Odesa
Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir
Jeddah (King Abdulaziz Intl) Bahrain, Cairo
Kabul Royal Air Force

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 ME-6 METEOROLOGY 14 SEP 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA q$i

Weather for Available from Stations

Kandahar Royal Air Force
Karachi (Jinnah Intl) Karachi, Mumbai
Kars (Harakani) Erzurum
Katunayake (Bandaranaike Intl Colombo) Mumbai
Khartoum Cairo
Kathmandu (Tribhuvan Intl) Kolkata
Kayseri Adana, Ankara Merkez, Sivas
Kolkata (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Intl) Kolkata
Konya Ankara Merkez, Izmir
Kuwait (Intl) Bahrain, Beirut
Lahore (Allama Iqbal Intl) Karachi
Larnaca (Intl) Ankara, Beirut, Nicosia, Cairo, Tel Aviv, Royal Air Force
Luxor (Intl) Cairo
Malatya Adana, Sivas
Male (Velana Intl) Mumbai
Mashhad (Shahid Hahemi Njad Intl) Kuwait
Milas (Bodrum) Istanbul
Mugla (Dalaman) Istanbul
Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaaji Intl) Karachi, Mumbai
Mus Erzurum
Muscat (Intl) Muscat, Royal Air Force
Nawabshah Karachi
Nicosia Ankara, Beirut
Ovda Tel Aviv
Pafos (Intl) Nicosia
Ras Al Khaimah (Intl) Bahrain
Riyadh (King Khaled Intl) Bahrain, Kuwait, Riyadh
Rodos (Diagoras) Nicosia
Rosh-Pina Tel Aviv
Salalah Royal Air Force
Samsun (Carsamba) Ankara, Izmir, Samsun
Sanliurfa Adana
Sharjah (Intl) Bahrain
Sharm El Sheik (Intl) Cairo
Shiraz (Shahid Dastghaib Intl) Kuwait
Sivas (Nuri Demirag) Ankara Merkez, Samsun, Sivas
Sofia Istanbul
Tehran (Imam Khomaini Intl) Beirut
Tehran (Mehrabad Intl) Beirut, Kuwait
Tel Aviv (Ben Gurion) Nicosia, Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv (Sde Dov) Nicosia, Tel Aviv
Thumrait AB Royal Air Force
Tokat Ankara Merkez, Samsun, Sivas
Trabzon Ankara, Samsun, Royal Air Force
UAE aerodromes Muscat
Usak Izmir
Van (Ferit Melen) Erzurum
Yangon (Intl) Kolkata

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 14 SEP 18 METEOROLOGY ME-7
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Contents and Sequence
Adana Volmet 126.25 H24 cont. METAR Gaziantep, Malatya, Kayseri,
TREND Elazig, Diyarbakir, Sanliurfa
(Gap)
SIGMET Adana
Ankara Volmet 127.00 H24 cont. METAR Adana, Antalya, Istanbul
TREND (Ataturk), Izmir (Adnan
Menderes), Trabzon, Samsun
(Carsamba), Lanarca (Intl),
Nicosia, Beirut (Rafic Hariri
Intl)
SIGMET Ankara (Esenboga)
Ankara Volmet 125.37 H24 cont. METAR Konya, Kayseri, Sivas (Nuri
Merkez TREND Demirag), Erzincan, Tokat
Bahrain Volmet 128.80 H24 cont. METAR Bahrain (Intl), Dammam (King
TREND Fahd Intl), Jeddah (King
Abdulaziz Intl), Riyadh (King
QNH
Khaled Intl), Kuwait (Intl), Abu
Dhabi (Intl), Dubai (Intl), Ras
Al Khaimah (Intl), Sharjah
(Intl), Doha (Intl)
Beirut Volmet 126.00 H24 cont. METAR Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl),
TREND Nicosia, Larnaca Intl,
Damascus Intl, Amman
QNH
(Marka Intl), Amman (Queen
Alia Intl), Cairo (Intl), Baghdad
(Intl), Abadan, Kuwait (Intl),
Bahrain (Intl), Istanbul
(Ataturk), Ankara (Esenboga),
Tehran (Imam Khomaini Intl),
Tehran (Mehrabad Intl)
Erzurum Volmet 127.27 H24 cont. METAR Elazig, Van (Ferit Melen),
TREND Erzincan, Kars (Harakani),
Mus, Agri
SIGMET Erzurum
Istanbul Volmet 127.40 H24 cont. METAR Izmir (Adnan Menderes),
TREND Bursa (Yenisehir), Mugla
(Dalaman Intl), Ankara
(Esenboga), Antalya,
Milas (Bodrum), Istanbul
(Sabiha Gokcen Intl), Athens
(Eleftherios Venizelos Intl),
Sofia, Bucharest (Henri
Coanda)
SIGMET Istanbul (Ataturk)
Izmir Volmet 127.92 H24 cont. METAR Ankara (Esenboga), Samsun
TREND (Carsamba), Istanbul
(Ataturk), Antalya, Konya,
Denizli (Cardak), Usak
SIGMET Izmir (Adnan Menderes)
Karachi Radio 11387 0130-1500 15-20, METAR Karachi (Jinnah Intl),
45-50 Forecast Nawabshah, Lahore (Allama
Iqbal Intl), Islamabad (Benazir
2965 1500-0130 cont.
Bhutto Intl)
6676 H24 cont. Forecast Delhi (Indira Gandhi Intl),
Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaaji
Intl), Singapore (Seletar),
Singapore (Changi)

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 ME-8 METEOROLOGY 14 SEP 18

AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Contents and Sequence
Kolkata Radio 11387 0300-1300 05-10 SIGMET Kolkata (Netaji Subhash
6676 Chandra Bose Intl), Delhi
(Indira Gandhi Intl)
METAR Kolkata (Netaji Subhash
SPECI Chandra Bose Intl), Delhi
(Indira Gandhi Intl), Guwahati,
TREND
Dhaka (Hazrat Shahjalal Intl),
Yangon (Intl), Kathmandu
(Tribhuvan Intl)
2965 1300-0300 35-40 TAF Kolkata (Netaji Subhash
Chandra Bose Intl),
Delhi (Indira Gandhi Intl),
Ho-Chi-Minh (Tansonnhat)
Kuwait Volmet1 126.62 H24 cont. METAR Bahrain (Intl), Doha (Intl),
Abu Dhabi (Intl), Dubai (Intl),
Dammam (King Fahd Intl),
Riyadh (King Khaled Intl),
Tehran (Mehrabad Intl),
Mashhad (Shahid Hahemi
Njad Intl), Shiraz (Shahid
Dastghaib Intl)
Mumbai Radio 11387 0300-1300 25-30 SIGMET Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji
Intl), Chennai (Intl)
6676 H24
11387 0300-1300 METAR Mumbai (Chhatrapati
TREND Shivaji Intl), Katunayake
(Bandaranaike Intl Colombo),
SPECI
Chennai (Intl), Karachi
(Jinnah Intl), Male (Velana
Intl), Ahmedabad
6676 H24
2965 1300-0300 55-60 TAF Mumbai (Chhatrapati
Shivaji Intl), Katunayake
(Bandaranaike Intl Colombo),
Male (Velana Intl)
Muscat Control 127.40 H24 cont. METAR Muscat (Intl), UAE
aerodromes, Bahrain (Intl)
Nicosia Volmet 127.20 H24 cont. METAR Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos
TREND Intl), Rodos (Diagoras), Beirut
(Rafic Hariri Intl), Damascus
QNH
(Intl), Tel Aviv (Ben Gurion),
Tel Aviv (Sde Dov)
METAR Larnaca (Intl)
TREND Pafos (Intl)
Riyadh Volmet 126.40 H24 cont. METAR Riyadh (King Khaled Intl)
Royal Air Volmet 5450 H24 7/37 METAR Adana
Force 11253
19/49 Akrotiri, Larnaca
25/55 Muscat, Kandahar, Bastion,
Dubai (Minhad), Baghdad
(Intl), Kabul (Intl), Trabzon,
Ashgabat, Baku (Heydar
Aliyed Intl), Al Udeid AB,
Thumrait AB, Salalah, Dubai
(Al Maktoum Intl), Bahrain
(Intl), Fujairah (Intl)
Samsun Volmet 125.27 H24 cont. METAR Ankara (Esenboga), Trabzon,
TREND Sivas (Nuri Demirag), Tokat

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

 14 SEP 18 METEOROLOGY ME-9
AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA q$i

Broadcast Times
Station Ident Freqs Period H+ Form Contents and Sequence
SIGMET Samsun (Carsamba)
Sivas Volmet 124.05 H24 cont. METAR Ankara (Esenboga), Malatya,
TREND Kayseri, Elazig, Erzincan,
Tokat
SIGMET Sivas (Nuri Demirag)
Tel Aviv Ben Gurion2 126.80 H24 50 METAR Tel Aviv (Ben Gurion)
TREND
SPECI
TAF
TAF Eilat (Intl), Ovda
DAY METAR Eilat (Intl), Tel Aviv (Sde Dov),
SPECI Haifa, Rosh-Pina, Ovda
when when METAR Lanarca (Intl), Amman
available available (Queen Alia Intl)
1 D-VOLMET available
2 VOLMET info available by dailing +972 3 9730699

q$z

© JEPPESEN, 1993, 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.