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Bioezi Essei Boost 2023 With Answers
Bioezi Essei Boost 2023 With Answers
Bioezi Essei Boost 2023 With Answers
SET 1
esofagus
oesophagus
bolus
bolus
Rajah 9.1
Diagram 9.1
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
Ha? adalah salah satu organ pen?ng yang terlibat dalam proses pencernaan
Liver is one of important organ involved in the process of diges8on.
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P3- Menyediakan keadaan berkali untuk ?ndakan enzim dalam duodenum prepare and
alkaline condi8on for enzyme ac8on in duodenum
P4- Glukosa di dalam ha? digunakan untuk respirasi sel dan glukosa
berlebihan ditukarkan kepada glikogen dan disimpan di dalam ha?
Glucose in liver used for cellular respira8on and excess glucose
converted into glycogen and stored in liver.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Individu P - Kegendutan
Individu Q - Kanser
Individu R - Masalah jantung
Individuals with different health problems seek the nutri8onist to get advice for
their daily healthy meals.
Individu P - Obese
Individu Q - Cancer
Individu R – Heart problem
(c) Sebagai pakar pemakanan, rancangkan hidangan berdasarkan Pinggan Sihat Malaysia
mengikut masalah kesihatan secara spesifik. Jus?fikasikan pemilihan tersebut.
As a nutri8onist, plan suitable meals based on “Pinggan Sihat Malaysia” according to their
specific health problem. Jus8fy the op8on.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
P4- beras perang kurang kanji yang membantu mengurangkan pengambilan gula /
glukosa
brown rice has less starch that help to reduce intake of
sugar/glucose
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
P5- ikan kukus yang ?nggi protein yang membantu dalam penyembuhan
dan pemulihan ?su
steamed fish high in protein that help in healing and repairing 8ssues
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Lobus X
Lobe X
Struktur P
P1 – Serebrum / Cerebrum
P2 – Mengawal ?ndakan terkawal / emosi / pendengaran / penglihatan
Control controlled ac8ons / emo8on / hearing / sight
P3 – Menganalisis / mengintegrasi maklumat
Analysed / integrated informa8on
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Struktur Q
P4 – Medulla oblongata / medulla oblongata
P5 – Mengawal ?ndakan luar kawal / denyutan jantung / pernafasan / contoh
Control involuntary ac8ons / heartbeat / breathing / example
At least one P/Q
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(ii) Seorang lelaki telah mengalami kemalangan yang menyebabkan lobus X pada
kelenjar pituitari telah gagal berfungsi.
Terangkan kesan kegagalan fungsi lobus X pada kesihatan lelaki tersebut.
A man has had an accident and causing lobe X on the pituitary gland have failed
to func8on.
Explain the effect of failure lobe X func8on on the man's health.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan ak?vi? sekumpulan peminat pertandingan reali? nyanyian.
Diagram 10.2 shows the ac8vi8es of a group of a reality singing compe88on fans.
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[10 markah]
[10 marks]
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Zigot
Zygote
Endometrium
Endometrium
Rajah 11.1
Diagram 11.1
Berdasarkah Rajah 11.1, terangkan perkembangan awal zigot bermula dari proses
I hingga proses IV
Based on Diagram 11.1, explain the early development of zygote star8ng from process
I to process IV.
Proses/ Process I
P1 – oosit sekunder bersenyawa dengan sperma di?ub fallopio
secondary oocyte fer8le to sperm at fallopian tube
P2 – menghasilkan zigot diploid
produce diploid zygote
Proses/ Process II
P3 – zigot membahagi secara mitosis
zygote divides by mitosis
P4 – membentuk embrio 2 sel / 4 sel / 8 sel
form a 2 cell / 4 cell / 8 cell embryo
Proses/ Process IV
P6 – blastosista menempel pada dinding endometrium
blastocyst implant at endometrium wall
P7 – dinding blastosista yang tebal berkembang membentuk embrio
thickened blastocyst wall develops into embryo
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
(b) Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan struktur X yang terdapat di endometrium semasa kehamilan.
Diagram 11.2 shows the structure X found in the endometrium during pregnancy.
Struktur X
Structure X
Rajah 11.2
Diagram 11.2
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
endometrium
secrete progesterone to maintain endometrium thickness
P8 - menyebabkan darah ibu dan darah fetus ?dak bercampur
causes mother blood and foetus blood do not mix
P9 - untuk melindungi fetus dari bahan yang merbahaya / toksin / bakteria
to protect foetus from dangerous substances / toxin / bacteria
P10- menghalang salur darah fetus pecah akibat tekanan darah ibu yang
?nggi
prevent foetal blood from burst due to the mother high blood pressure
P11 - menghalang pengaglu?natan / penggumpalan darah berlaku
prevents agglu8na8on / blood clot occurs
(Any 10)
ketiadaan serviks
absence of cervix
Cadangkan dan terangkan satu teknik yang sesuai untuk membantu Puan Z
mendapatkan anak yang mewarisi ciri-ciri gene?k Puan Z dan suaminya.
Suggest and explain an appropriate technique to help Mrs. Z to have a child who inherits
the gene8c traits of Mrs. Z and her husband.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
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P7 – untuk penempelan
For implanta8on
P8 – embrio berkembang menjadi fetus
embryo develop into foetus
Any 5
SET 2
9 (a) Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan pertukaran gas respirasi di antara T dan ?su badan.
Diagram 9.1 shows the exchange of respiratory gases between T and body 8ssue.
S R
S R
sel badan
body cell
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Seorang lelaki mengalami kemalangan yang menyebabkan otot interkostanya terkoyak
dan ?ga tulang rusuknya patah.
Bagaimanakah keadaan mempengaruhi mekanisma pernafasan lelaki tersebut?
Terangkan.
A man had an accident that caused his intercostal muscles to tear and his three ribs to
break.
How did the condi8on affect the man's breathing mechanism? Explain.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan sistem respirasi bagi dua organisma, X dan Y.
Diagram 9.2 shows the respiratory systems for two organisms, X and Y.
Organisma R Organisma S
Organism R Organism S
Rajah 9.2
Diagram 9.2
(i) Terangkan persamaan struktur organ respirasi anatara dua organisma dalam Rajah
9.2
Explain the similarity of respiratory organ structure between two organisms in
Diagram 9.2
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(ii) Banding dan bezakan mekanisma pernafasan bagi organisma R dan organisma S.
Compare and contrast breathing mechanism for organism R and organism S.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
Persamaan / Similari8es:
Perbezaan / differences:
Organisma R Organisma S
Organism R Organism S
P1 Insang / Gills Peparu /Lungs
P2 Mulut terbuka Lubang hidung terbuka
Mouth opens Nostril open
P3 Bukaan operculum tertutup Mulut / glo?s tertutup
Operculum opening closed Mouth / gloes closed
P4 Air yang mengandungi oksigen Udara masuk ke dalam lubang
terlarut memasuki mulut hidung
Water which contain dissolve Air enter through nostril
oxygen enter the mouth
P5 Air / oksigen terlarut melalui Udara memasuki peparu
insang Air enter the lungs
Water / dissolve oxygen through
gills
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(i) Terangkan ?ndakan an?bodi seper? yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 10.1.
Explain the ac8on of the an8body as shown in Diagram 10.1.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
P2- An?gen adalah molekul protein yang terdapat pada dinding atau
membrane luar bagi patogen.
an8gen is protein molecule found on wall or external membrane of the
pathogen.
P3- an?bodi pula ialah protein yang dihasilkan oleh limfosit yang
berfungsi untuk memusnahkan an?gen.
an8body is a protein produced by lymphocytes that func8on to destroy
the an8gen
Mana-mana dua
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan peringkat dalam salah satu barisan pertahanan kedua.
Diagram 10.2 shows the stages in one of second line of defence.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
P6- Fagosit menyingkirkan sisa mikroorganisma yang tercerna keluar sel phagocytes expel
the remains of the digested microorganism out of the
cell.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Explain the comparison between ar?ficial ac?ve immunity and ar?ficial passive immunity.
Terangkan perbandingan di antara keimunan ak8f buatan dengan keimunan pasif buatan.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Similarities
P1- Memberi pelindungan daripada jangkitan penyakit
Protects the body from infectious diseases
P2- Melibatkan interaksi dia antara antibodi dan antigen
Involves interaction between antibodies and antigens
Difference
Diperolehi melalui Suntikan vaksin Vaccine Suntikan antiserum
Acquired through injection Antiserum injection
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Diagram 11.1
Rajah 11.1
(a) Sebagai pengguna, terangkan kebaikan dan keburukan organisma terubahsuai gene?k
kepada kehidupan manusia.
As a consumer, explain the advantages and the disadvantages of gene8c modified food
towards human lives.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
Kebaikan GMF
Advantages of GMF
Keburukan GMF
Disadvantages of GMF
Mana-mana 5
(b) Sekarang, insulin boleh dihasilkan secara komersial melalui kejuruteraan gene?c untuk
menguba? pesakit diabetes mellitus. Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan bagaimana insulin di
hasilkan dengan menggunakan bakteria.
Nowadays, insulin can be commercially produced by gene8c engineering for pa8ents with
diabetes mellitus. Diagram 11.2 shows how the human insulin is produced by using
bacteria.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Bakteria
Bacterium DNA manusia
Human DNA
DNA rekombinan
Recombinant DNA
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
mana-mana 5
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(c)
Bioteknologi ialah suatu bidang yang menggunakan teknologi untuk
memanipulasi organisma bagi tujuan menhasilkan produk biologi.
Bioteknologi melibatkan pelbagai disiplin sains dalam kehidupan.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Terapi Gen
Gene therapy
P1- Terapi gen digunakan untuk merawat atau mencegah suatu penyakit gene?k.
Gene therapy is used to treat or prevent gene8c diseases
P2- gen yang normal disisipkan ke dalam gen pesakit untuk menggan?kan gen yang
abnormal
a normal gene is inserted into the pa8ent to replace the abnormal
gene
P3- Antara penyakit yang dapat dirawat menggunakan kaedah terapi gen ialah sis?k
fibrosis, distrofi otot dan beberapa jenis kanser.
The diseases that can be cured by gene therapy are cys8c
fibrosis, muscular dvstrophy and a few tvpes of cancer.
Pemprofilan DNA
DNA Profiling
P4- Pemprofilan DNA ialah teknik forensik yang digunakan untuk mengenal pas? individu
berdasarkan DNA mereka.
DNA profiling is a technique used in forensic to iden8fy
individuals, based on their DNA
P5- DNA adalah unik bagi se?ap orang, kecuali kembar seiras.
This is due to the fact that an individual's DNA is unique, except
between iden8cal twins
P6 - Dengan menggunakan sampel DNA yang diekstrak daripada darah, air mani atau kulit,
seseorang individu itu dapat dikenal pas?
An individual can be iden8fied based on the DNA obtained
from his/her blood, semen (for male) or skin
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
P7 - Penggunaan baka kapas tebal yang bertoleransi kepada ulat perosak kapas
contohnya kapas Bt di ladang-ladang kapas telah mengurangkan penggunaan racun
perosak.
Farming cocon breed with high yield and resistant to pest Bt cocon in cocon farms
has reduced the use of pes8cides
P8- Tanaman Bt disun?k dengan gen daripada Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), iaitu sejenis
bakteria tanah yang dapat mengeluarkan bahan racun
The Bt crop is injected with genes from Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt), a type of soil bacteria that secretes toxins
22
BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
SET 3
L M
K
(a) (i) Apakah pembahagian sel yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1. Susun peringkat
pembahagian sel mengikut urutan yang betul.
What is the cell division shown by Diagram 9.1. Arrange the right sequence of
the cell division stages.
MITOSIS
L—M—K—N
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada sel tumbuhan selepas peringkat N.
Explain what happen to the plant cell aXer stage N.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
P1 - sitokinesis
cytokinesis
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P4 – Dinding sel baharu akan terbentuk dan diperkuatkan oleh serat selulos.
New cell wall will be form and it strengthen by cellulose fibres
(mana-mana 2)
Terangkan dua cara yang digunakan untuk mengawal pertumbuhan sel kanser.
Explain two ways that are used to control the growth of cancer cell.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
A.
P1 – Kimoterapi
Chemotherapy
P2 – penggunaan dadah akan membunuh sel kanser
the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells.
P3 –Menghalang sel kanser daripada membesar, membahagi dan menghasilkan lebih
banyak sel
Prevent the cancer cells from growing, dividing, and making more cells.
B.
P4 - Radioterapi
- radiotherapy
P5 – menggunakan dos radiasi yang ?nggi
uses high doses of radia8on
P6 – Radiasi berfungsi dengan memecahkan sebahagian kecil sel DNA / untuk
membunuh sel kanser dan mengecilkan tumor
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
C.
P7 - Pembedahan
surgery
P8 – membuang sel kanser yang terdapat di sesebuah kawasan.
removes cancer that is contained in one area.
P9 – Membuang sebahagian tumor dapat meningkatkan keberkesanan kaedah
rawatan yang lain.
Removing part of a tumor can help other treatments work becer.
( mana-mana 2 : A, B,C)
(c) Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan dua jenis pembahagian sel di dalam sel haiwan.
Diagram 9.3 shows two types cell division in animal cell.
Rajah 9.3
Diagram 9.3
P2 – X menghasilkan sel anak perempuan yang sama secara gene?knya dengan sel induk
manakala Y menghasilkan sel yang unik secara gene?knya daripada sel induk
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P2 - X produced daughter cell that are gene8cally iden8cal parent cell whereas Y produced
gene8cally unique from each other and parent cell.
M N
M: Monosit / Monocyte
- Tidak bergranul/ Agranulocyte
- Nukleus berbentuk sfera / sphere shape nucleus
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan sistem peredaran dan sistem limfa manusia.
Diagram 10.2 shows the human circulatory system and lymphatic system.
Sel badan
Body cell
Venul
Venule
Arteriol
Arteriole
Kapilari limfa
Lymph capillary
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
P1: Di hujung arteriol, tekanan hidrostatik yang tinggi (akibat diameter
salur darah semakin mengecil)
At the end of the arterioles, high hydrostatic pressure (due to diameter blood vessels
are getting smaller)
P2: sebahagian besar kandungan plasma darah meresap keluar (kecuali sel darah
merah, plasma protein dan platlet)
most of the blood plasma content diffuses out (except for red blood cells, plasma
proteins and platelets)
P3:10% cecair interstitial meresap ke kapilari limfa
10% of the interstitial fluid diffuse into the lymphatic capillary
P4: untuk membentuk limfa
to form lymph
P5: Limfa akan mengalir ke saluran limfa yang lebih besar
The lymph will flow into larger lymphatic vessel
P6: limfa akan mengalir melalui nodus limfa
the lymph will flow through the lymph nodes
P7: yang akhirnya kembali ke peredaran darah
that finally returns back to the blood circulation
(mana-mana 6)
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(ii) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan kaki seorang wanita hamil. Buku lali, kaki dan jari-jari sering
bengkak semasa hamil kerana badan menyimpan lebih banyak air daripada biasa.
Diagram 10.3 shows legs of a pregnant woman. Ankles, feet and fingers oXen swell
a licle in pregnancy as the body is holding more water than usual.
P1: Air yang berlebihan akan berkumpul di bahagian bawah badan, (terutamanya
jika cuaca panas atau berdiri terlalu lama)
The extra water tends to gather in the lowest parts of the body, (especially if the
weather is hot or if the pregnant mother has been standing a lot)
P2: fetus yang sedang berkembang dalam rahim memberi tekanan pada vena / salur
darah pelvis
Growing fetus in uterus put pressure on the pelvic vein/blood vessel
P3: tekanan melambatkan kembalinya darah ke peredaran darah
the pressure slows the return of blood to circula8on
P4: menyebabkan pengumpulan darah
cause pooling of the blood
P5: yang memaksa bendalir terkumpul di dalam ?su
which force fluid to accumulate in the 8ssues
P6: yang menyebabkan edema
that cause oedema
P7:(Pembengkakan secara beransur-ansur ini) tidak membahayakan ibu mahupun
bayi
(The gradual swelling) isn’t harmful to the mother or baby,
P8: tetapi ia menyebabkan ketidakselesaan.
but it can be uncomfortable
(mana-mana 6)
(c) Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan suatu prosedur angioplas? koronari untuk membuka arteri yang
sempit atau tersumbat. Arteri koronari terletak di jantung dan merupakan arteri yang
menyalurkan darah ke otot kardiak.
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Diagram 10.4 shows coronary angioplasty that opens narrow or blocked arteries. The
coronary arteries are located at the heart and are the main arteries supplying blood to
cardiac muscle.
Angioplasti koronari dengan sten
Coronary angioplasty with stent
(mana-mana 6)
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Ia pen?ng kerana;
It important because
(b) Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan suatu hubungan antara ?kus dan burung hantu.
Diagram 11.2 shows a rela8onship between rat and owl.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan ak?vi? yang dilakukan dengan hasrat untuk membangunkan
kawasan itu.
Diagram 11.3 shows an ac8vity carried out with the inten8on to develop the area.
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Rajah 11.3
Diagram 11.3
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
F: Penyahutanan / Deforesta8on
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SET 4
Terangkan masalah kesihatan yang di hidapi oleh orang tua apabila mengidap penyakit
sendi seper? dalam Rajah 9.1(b).
Explain the health problems faced by the elderly when suffering from joint disease as in
Diagram 9.1 (b).
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
P1 : artri?s / osteoarthri?s
arthri8s / osteoarthri8s
P2 : disebabkan oleh kekurangan bendalir synovia
due to lack of synovial fluid
P3 : tulang rawan pada sendi haus / nipis
car8lage in worn / thin joints
P4 : ligament memendek / kurang kekenyalan
ligament shortened / less elas8c
P5 : sendi sakit / bengkak / kurang fleksibel
sore / swollen / lesser flexible joints
P6 : sukar jalankan ak?vi? harian
difficult to carry out daily ac8vi8es
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Seorang atlet lambat terlambat ke tempat pertandingan menyebabkannya ?dak cukup
masa untuk melakukan senaman memanaskan badan.
Terangkan apa yang mungkin berlaku kepada atlet tersebut akibat kecuaian tersebut.
An athlete who is late to the compe88on causes him not enough 8me to do warm-up
exercises.
Explain what might have happened to the athlete as a result of the negligence.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(c) (i) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan dua jenis vertebra yang terdapat pada turus vertebra
manusia.
Diagram 9.2 shows two types of vertebrae found in the human vertebral column.
Vertebra M Vertebra N
Vertebrae M Vertebrae N
Rajah 9.2 / Diagram 9.2
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Persamaan / similari8es:
Perbezaan / differences:
M N
P1 Vertebra toraks Vertebra lumbar
Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae
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Bandingkan ciri-ciri dan struktur dalam sistem rangka manusia dan burung yang
membolekan pergerakannya berlaku dengan cekap.
Compare the features and structures in the human and bird skeletal systems that
allow for efficient movement.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
Persamaan / similari8es:
Perbezaan / differences:
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
10 (a) Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan struktur bunga yang terlibat dalam proses pembiakan tumbuhan.
Diagram 10.1 shows the flower structure involved in the plant reproduc8on process.
Stigma
Stigma
P
Karpel Stamen
Carpel Stamen
Filamen
Filament
P – anter / anther
Q - ovul / ovule
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Terangkan mengapa bunga dalam Rajah 10.1 mempunyai stamen dan karpel pada
bunga yang sama.
Explain why the flowers in Diagram 10.1 have a stamens and carpels on the same
flower.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Rajah 10.2(a) menunjukkan perkembangan yang berlaku di dalam P pada Rajah 10.1.
Rajah 10.2(b) menunjukkan perkembangan yang berlaku di dalam Q pada Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.2 (a) shows the development that took place in P in Diagram 10.1.
Diagram 10.2 (b) shows the development that took place in Q in Diagram 10.1.
Rajah 10.2(a)
Diagram 10.2(a)
Rajah 10.2(b)
Diagram 10.2(b)
Terangkan persamaan dan perbezaan yang berlaku dalam Rajah 10.2(a) dan Rajah
10.2(b)
Explain the similari8es and differences that occur in Diagram 10.2(a) and Diagram
10.2(b)
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Persamaan / similari8es:
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Perbezaan / differences:
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Stil
Style
Ovari
Ovary
Rajah 10.3
Diagram 10.3
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Rajah 11.1
Diagram 11.1
P1: Nilai pH di dalam perut ialah pH1.5 – 2.0 manakala nilai pH di dalam
duodenum ialah pH 7.6 – 8.6
the pH in the stomach is pH1.5 – 2.0 whereas the pH in the duodenum is
pH 7.6 – 8.6
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Terangkan proses pencernaan, penyerapan dan asimilasi protein di dalam badan
manusia.
Describe the processes of protein digestion, absorption and assimilation in human body.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Pencernaan:
Diges8on :
P4 – di dalam usus kecil, pep?da dihidrolisiskan oleh erepsin untuk mengasilkan asid
amino
in small intes8ne, the pep8de is hydrolysed by erepsin to form amino acid
Penyerapan:
Absorp8on :
P5 – Asid amino diserap di dalam ileum padausus kecil
Amino acid is absorbed in the ileum of small inters8ne
P6 – Asid amino diserap oleh pengangkutan pasif ke dalam kapilari darah dan dibawa
kepada ha? (melalui vena portal hepar)
Amino acid absorbed by passive transport into blood capillary and bring to liver
(through hepa8c portal vein)
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Asimilasi:
Assimila8on:
P7 – Dalam sel badan, asid amino digunakan untuk mensintesiskan protoplasma dan
juga membaiki ?su rosak.
In body cell, amino acid is used to synthesise new protoplasm and also repair
damaged 8ssues.
P8 – Asid amino digunakan untuk mensintesiskan hormon dan enzim dalam sel-sel
badan.
Amino acids are used to synthesise hormones and enzymes in body cells
P10 – Lebihan asid amino ?dak dapat disimpan di dalam badan dan dipecahkan melalui
proses pendeaminan untuk membentuk urea dan disingkirkan.
Excess amino acids cannot be stored in the body and are broken down through the
deamina8on process to form urea which is then expelled.
P11 – Apabila bekalan glukosa ?dak mencukupi, ha? akan menukarkan asid amino
kepada glukosa.
When the glucose supply is insufficient, the liver converts amino acids into glucose.
(mana-mana 10)
(c) Encik Ahmad mengalami pankreatitis (radang pancreas). Dia telah dinasihatkan oleh
doctor untuk mengubah cara pemakanannya untuk membantu proses pemulihan.
Cadangkan cara pemakanan yang sesuai untuk Encik Ahmad
Mr. Ahmad suffered from pancreatitis (inflammation of pancreas). He was advised by
the doctor to change his eating habits in order to improve his recovery process.
Suggest the appropriate dietary for Mr. Ahmad.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
P1 – Pankreas ?dak dapat merembeskan enzim tripsin, lipase dan amilase dan hormon
insulin dan glukagon.
Pancreas cannot secrete enzyme trypsin, lipase and pancrea8c amylase and
hormone insulin and glucagon
P3 – Kurangkan makanan yang berlemak seper? daging merah, daging organ dan mayonis
kerana kekurangan enzim lipase.
Reduce ea8ng facy foods such as red meat, organ meat and mayonnaise because
they have low lipase enzyme.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Reduce food intakes with carbohydrates such as rice, flour and pastry kerana
kekurangan hormone insulin
P5 – Kurangkan makan makanan yang diproses seper? kerepek kentang dan sosej yang
mengandungi lebih banyak lemak tepu.
Reduce intakes of processed food such as potato chips an sausage that contains a
lot of unsaturated fat.
P7 – Makan dalam kuan?? yang sedikit dan banyak kali kerana enzim yang
dirembeskan adalah sedikit.
Eat in small quan88es and mul8ple 8mes because less enzyme secre8on.
(mana-mana 5)
SET 5
Bulu roma
Fine hair
Epidermis
Epidermis
Dermis
Dermis
Kelenjar peluh
Sweat gland
Rajah 9.1
Diagram 9.1
Struktur Y : kulit
Structure Y : skin
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
46
BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Any 6
(b) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan dua kaedah bagaimana bayi memperoleh keimunan terhadap
penyakit.
Diagram 9.2 shows two methods on how the baby obtains immunity against disease.
Kaedah 1 Kaedah 2
Method 1 Method 2
Rajah 9.1 / Diagram 9.1
Bandingkan keimunan yang diperoleh oleh bayi melalui dua kaedah tersebut.
Compare the immuni8es obtained by the baby through these two methods.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Persamaan / Similari8es:
Perbezaan / Differences:
Kaedah 1 Kaedah 2
Method 1 Method 2
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
P3 Bertahan untuk tempoh yang lama Bertahan untuk tempoh yang singkat
Last for a longer period Last for short period
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
10 (a) Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan sebahagian struktur nefron di dalam ginjal manusia.
Diagram 10.1 shows a part of the nephron structure in human kidney.
Arteriol eferen
Arteriol aferen Efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole
T
Proses S
Process S
Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.1
Proses S : Ultaturasan
Process S : Ultrafiltra8on
[2 m
arkah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Terangkan proses S.
Explain process S.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
P2: menolak/ menuras semua bahan dalam plasma darah ke dalam kapsul
Bowman’s
pushes/ filters all substances in the blood plasma into Bowman’s capsules
P3: kec molekul bersaiz besar seper? eritrosit, plasma darah dan platl
small molecules such as erythrocytes, blood plasma and platelets
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b)
Pengambilan makanan dan minuman mempengaruhi kandungan air dan garam dalam
badan.
Terangkan proses mengawal atur air dan garam dalam badan murid J dan murid K
masing-masing supaya tekanan osmosis darah dapat dikekalkan pada julat normal.
Intake of food and drinks affects the water and salt content in the body.
Explain the process of regula8ng water and salt in the bodies of student J and student K
respec8vely so that blood osmo8c pressure can be maintained at the normal range.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
J K
J1 Tekanan osmosis darah rendah K1 Tekanan osmosis darah ?nggi
Osmo8c pressure is low Osmo8c pressure is high
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
J6 Tubul berlingkar distal dan tubul K6 Tubul berlingkar distal dan tubul
pengumpul lebih telap kepada pengumpul kurang telap kepada
garam garam
Distal convoluted tubule and Distal convoluted tubule and
collec8ng duct more permeable to collec8ng duct less permeable to
salt salt
J7 Banyak garam diserap semula K7 Kurang garam diserap semula
menyebabkan air kencing kurang menyebabkan air kencing banyak
garam garam
More salt reabsorbed causes urine Less salt reabsorbed causes urine
has less salt has more salt
J8 Tekanan osmosis meningkat K8 Tekanan osmosis menurun kembali
kembali ke normal ke normal
Osmo8c pressure increased back to Osmo8c pressure decreased back to
normal normal
J – max 5
K – max 5
The man in Diagram 10.2 is dressed in such a way as to ensure that his body
temperature remains in the normal range.
Explain the physical reac8ons that occur during the regula8on of body temperature
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Sporangium
Sporangium
Hifa
Hyphae
Organisma dalam Rajah 11.1 dijumpai di atas organisma yang mereput dan dikawasan
yang gelap atau lembap.
Terangkan bagaimana organisma ini bermandiri.
Organism in Diagram 11.1 are found on decaying organisms and in dark or moist places.
Explain how this organism is survival.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
(b) Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan beberapa organisma yang terlibat dalam kitar nitrogen.
Diagram 11.2 shows some organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle.
N2
Tumbuhan legum
Legume plants
Organisma pengurai
Decomposer organisms
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Explain how these organisms help other plants acquire the nitrogen in the atmosphere to
synthesize proteins.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
(c) SMK Sri Idaman mempunyai pelbagai tumbuh-tumbuhan di taman botaninya. Seorang
guru baru di sekolah tersebut, Cikgu M berhasrat untuk mengelaskan tumbuh-tumbuhan
di taman tersebut.
Huraikan kaedah yang boleh digunakan oleh Cikgu M.
SMK Sri Idaman has a variety of plants in its botanical garden. A new teacher at the
school, teacher M plans to classify the plants in the garden.
Describe the methods that can be used by teacher M.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
54
BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
SET 6
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan perubahan aras air suling dalam osmometer telur.
Diagram 9.1 shows the changes of distilled water level in an egg osmometer.
Rajah 9.1
Diagram 9.1
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
(b) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan graf hubungan antara perubahan jisim silinder kentang dan
kepekatan larutan sukrosa.
Diagram 9.2 shows a graph of the relationship between the changes in mass of potato
cylinder and the concentration of sucrose solution.
Bandingkan perubahan jisim silinder kentang dan keadaan sel kentang dalam
larutan sukrosa pada kepekatan 0.2 M dan kepekatan 0.6 M.
Compare the changes in mass of potato cylinder and condition of potato cell in 0.2
M and 0.6 M of sucrose solution.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[8 markah]
[8 marks]
Perbezaan:
Difference:
Perubahan jisim selindar kentang dan Perubahan jisim kentang dan keadaan sel
keadaan sel kentang dalam larutan kentang dalam larutan sukrosa pada
sukrosa pada kepekatan 0.2M kepekatan 0.6M
The changes in mass of potato cylinder The changes in mass of potato cylinder and
and condition of potato cell in 0.2 M condition of potato cell in 0.6 M sucrose
sucrose solution solution
Jisim silinder kentang semakin meningkat Jisim silinder kentang semakin berkurang //
//Jisim awal lebih rendah berbanding jisim Jisim awal lebih tinggi berbanding jisim
P1: akhir akhir
Mass of potato cylinder increase // Initial Mass of potato cylinder increase // Initial
mass in lower than final mass mass in higher than final mass
Larutan sukrosa 0.2 M adalah hipotonik Larutan sukrosa 0.6 M adalah hipertonik
terhadap sel kentang terhadap sel kentang
0.2M sucrose solution is hipotonic to 0.6M sucrose solution is hipertonic to potato
P2: potato cell. cell
Tekanan osmosis larutan sukrosa 0.2M Tekanan osmosis larutan sukrosa 0.6M
adalah lebih rendah daripada sel kentang adalah lebih tinggi daripada sel kentang
Osmotic pressure of 0.2 M sucrose solution Osmotic pressure of 0.6 M sucrose solution is
P3: is lower than potato cell. higher than potato cell.
Keupayaan air larutan sukrosa 0.2M adalah Keupayaan air larutan sukrosa 0.6M adalah
lebih tinggi berbanding sel kentang lebih rendah berbanding sel kentang
Water potential of sucrose solution 0.2M is Water potential of sucrose solution 0.6M is
P4: higher than potato cell. lower than potato cell.
Air meresap masuk kedalam sel (secara Air meresap keluar dari sel kentang (secara
P5: osmosis) osmosis)
Water diffuses into the cell Water diffuse out of the cell (by osmosis)
(by osmosis)
Membran plasma ditolak ke arah dinding Membran plasma ditarik ke arah dinding sel
sel Plasma membrane is pulled away from cell
P7: Plasma membrane is pushed toward cell wall
wall
Persamaan:
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Similarity:
S1: wujud perbezaan kepekatan antara larutan sukrosa dan sel kentang
there is a difference in concentration between the sucrose solution and potato cell.
Nota:
Maksimum 7P = 7m // sekurang-kurang=1S
(c) Penyataan berikut adalah kenyataan iklan daripada sebuah syarikat pengeluar
penapis air.
The following statement is an advertising statement from a water filter
manufacturing company.
Sekiranya anda mencari penapis air yang akan menyediakan air minuman
yang segar untuk rumah atau perniagaan anda, penapisan air secara osmosis
berbalik adalah salah satu kaedah penapisan air yang paling popular dan
menjimatkan kos.
If you’re looking for a water filter that will provide fresh drinking water for
your home or business, reverse osmosis water filtra8on is one of the most
popular and cost-effec8ve water filtra8on methods.
Terangkan bagaimana teknologi yang terdapat dalam iklan tersebut berfungsi untuk
mendapatkan air yang bersih.
Explain how the technology in the advertisement works to get clean water.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
10. (a) Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan turus vertebra pada manusia. Vertebra pada bahagian
berlainan turus vertebra adalah berbeza dari segi saiz dan bentuk.
Diagram 10.1 shows the human vertebral column. The vertebrae on different parts of
the vertebral column are different in size and shape.
Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.1
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Persamaan:
Similarity:
Mana-mana 1
Any 1
Perbezaaan:
Differences:
Vertebra P Vertebra Q
Vertebrae P Vertebrae Q
P3: Vertebra P ialah vertebra P3: Vertebra Q ialah vertebra
toraks lumbar
Vertebrae P is thoracic Vertebrae Q is lumbar
Vertebrae vertebrae
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan postur seorang wanita yang sedang menggunakan telefon
pintarnya. Postur merujuk kepada posisi badan seseorang ketika duduk, baring,
berjalan dan berdiri.
Diagram 10.2 shows the posture of a woman who is using her smart phone. Posture
refers to a person’s body position when sitting, lying, walking and standing.
Rajah 10.2
Diagram 10.2
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan keadaan yang berlaku pada kaki seorang wanita yang
memakai kasut tumit tinggi untuk jangka masa yang lama.
Diagram 10.3 shows the condition that happened to the feet of a woman that wear
high heels for a long time.
Ketegangan
Strained
Tulang tumit dipaksa ke atas
Heel bone forced upwards
Pembengkakan
Swelling
Rajah 10.3
Diagram 10.3
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
P1: Kasut tumit tinggi menyebabkan berat badan tertumpu ke atas tapak
kaki bahagian depan
High heels cause the body weight focused on the front of the foot
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(d) Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan mekanisme gerak alih pada seekor serangga.
Diagram 10.4 shows the mechanism of locomotion in an insect.
Rajah 10.4
Diagram 10.4
Berdasarkan Rajah 10.4, terangkan tindakan otot dan penyesuaian pada kaki
belakang bagi membolehkannya melompat.
Based on Diagram 10.4, explain the action of the muscles and the adaptation of the
rear legs to enable the insect to jump.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
P1: Belalang mempunyai otot-otot antagonis iaitu otot fleksor dan otot
ekstensor
A grasshopper has antagonistic muscles called the flexor and extensor
muscles
P2: Kaki belakang yang panjang, kuat dan berotot diadaptasikan untuk
melompat
Frog has long, strong and muscular hind legs which are adapted to
jumping
P3: Otot fleksor mengecut dan kaki belakang ditarik ke arah badan
Flexor muscle contract to flex the leg
P4: Kaki belakang dilipat dalam bentuk Z dan bersedia untuk melompat
The hind leg is folded into a Z shape and the frog is ready to jump/leap
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
BAHAGIAN C
SECTION C
[20 markah]
[20 marks]
11. Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan laluan biskut yang dimakan oleh seorang remaja perempuan yang
bergerak melalui salur alimentari.
Diagram 11.1 shows the pathway of a biscuit eaten by female teenager which passes through
her alimentary canal.
Kelenjar S
Gland S Biskut
Biscuit
Hati
Liver
Rajah 11.1
Diagram 11.1
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(a)(ii) Biskut yang dimasak oleh ibu remaja itu sangat sedap. Dia makan biskut tersebut
dengan banyak.
Terangkan fungsi hati untuk memastikan kandungan glukosa di dalam badannya
kembali normal.
The biscuits cooked by the teenager’s mother were delicious. She had eaten the
biscuits a lot.
Explain the function of the liver to keep the glucose content in her body back to
normal.
[3 markah]
[3 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Jadual 11 menunjukkan tiga tabiat pemakanan bagi tiga individu yang berbeza P, Q
dan R.
Table 11 shows three eating habits of three different individuals P, Q and R.
Tabiat pemakanan
Ea%ng habits
P Q R
Mengambil makanan Pengambilan diet ?nggi Takut untuk
?dak mengikut waktu kandungan garam mengambil sebarang
yang teratur. secara berlebihan. makanan.
Food is not taken at Intake of high salt Afraid to eat any food.
regular 8me. content in the diet
excessively.
Jadual 11
Table 11
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
P1: A: Gastritis
Gastritis
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Gizi seimbang bagi seseorang individu dipengaruhi oleh pelbagai faktor seperti
keadaan kesihatan dan gaya hidup. Setiap individu perlu bijak memilih makanan
mengikut keperluan nutrien masing-masing.
Balanced diet for an individual is influenced by various factors such as health
condition and lifestyle. Each individual needs to choose food wisely according to
their respective nutritional needs.
Sebagai pakar nutrisi kanak-kanak, cadangkan hidangan yang sesuai bagi seorang
kanak-kanak yang mengalami masalah kurang berat badan dan bantut.
Terangkan cadangan anda.
As a children’s nutritionist, suggest a serving that is suitable for a child who is
underweight and stunted.
Explain your suggestions.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
SET 7
9 (a) Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan aplikasi sejenis pembahagian sel dalam kehidupan seharian.
Teknik P dan teknik Q dilakukan di dalam makmal bagi menghasilkan produk yang dapat
meningkatkan kualiti dan kuantiti dalam pengeluaran makanan secara komersial.
Diagram 9.1 shows the application of a type of cell division in daily life. Technique P and
technique Q are carried out in the laboratory to produce products that can increase the
quality and quantity of food production commercially.
Daging
Meat
Teknik P
Technique P
Anak pokok
Plantlets
Teknik Q
Technique Q
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Rajah 9.1
Diagram 9.1
Terangkan bagaimana kedua-kedua teknik tersebut dapat menghasilkan produk secara
komersial.
Explain how both of the techniques able to produce products commercially.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
Teknik P:
Technique P:
Teknik Q:
Technique Q:
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan ketidaknormalan yang berlaku dalam satu peringkat semasa
Meiosis I.
Diagram 9.2 shows an abnormality that occurred in a stage during Meiosis I.
n+1
n+1
n-1
Tak disjungsi
Nondisjunc5on n-1
Rajah 9.2
Diagram 9.2
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
P5: Jika persenyawaan antara gamet normal dan gamet abnormal ini
berlaku, zigot akan membawa 47 kromosom/45 kromosom
If fertilisation between the normal gamete and abnormal gamete
occurs, the zygote will carry 47 chromosomes/45 chromosomes
Sel kanser
Cancer cells
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
F6: bakteria/virus
Bacteria/virus
(ii) Berdasarkan Rajah 9.3, huraikan bagaimana sel yang normal boleh berubah
membentuk sel kanser dan akibatnya kepada organ tersebut.
Based on Diagram 9.3, describe how normal cells can change to form cancer cells
and the consequences to the organ.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
P4: Sel kanser merebak melalui salur limfa dan salur darah ke
bahagian organ/tubuh yang lain
cancer cells spread through lymph vessels and blood vessels to
other parts of the organ/body
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
10. Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan satu mekanisme yang berlaku di dalam badan manusia jika terdapat
kecederaan.
Diagram 10.1 shows a mechanism that occurs in the human body if there are injuries.
Eritrosit
Salur darah pecah Erythrocyte
Blood vessel ruptured
Platlet
Platelets
Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.1
(a) (i) Terangkan bagaimana mekanisme ini berfungsi untuk menutup salur darah yang
pecah.
Explain how the mechanism works to close the ruptured blood vessel.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan kecederaan pada salur darah seorang kanak-kanak yang
menghidap penyakit X.
Diagram 10.2 shows injured blood vessel of a child with illness X.
Normal
Normal
Rajah 10.2
Diagram 10.2
[3 markah]
[3 marks
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Jadual 10 menunjukkan antigen dan antibodi yang menentukan kumpulan darah
manusia.
Table 10 shows the antigen and antibody that determined human blood group.
B Antigen B Anti-A
Antigen B Anti-A
Jadual 10
Table 10
Berdasarkan Jadual 10, terangkan perkaitan di antara antigen dan antibodi dalam
kesesuaian kumpulan darah penderma dan penerima.
Based on Table 10, explain the relation between antigen and antibody in compatibility of
blood group of donor and recipient.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
P4: jika penderma dan penerima tidak sepadan, sel darah merah
penerima akan mengalami pengaglutinan (penggumpalan)
If the donor and the recipient not compatible, red blood cell of
the recipient will experience agglutination (coagulation)
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Mana-mana 10
Any 10
Proses L
Process L
Rajah 11
Diagram 11
(a) (i) Namakan K dan nyatakan penyesuaian K untuk menjalankan fungsinya.
Name K and state the adaptation of K to carry out its function.
[2 markah]
[ 2 marks]
P1: Berlingkar//panjang
Convoluted// long
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(b) Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan dua remaja dengan makanan kegemaran mereka.
Diagram 11.2 shows two teenagers with their favourite foods.
Remaja X Remaja Y
Teenager X Teenager Y
Rajah 11.2
Diagram 11.2
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Remaja X
Teenager X
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Mana-mana 5
Any 5
Remaja Y
Teenager Y
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
(c) Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan teknologi moden yang telah banyak membantu pesakit yang
menghadapi masalah ginjal. Misalnya, mesin hemodialisis telah membantu ramai
pesakit yang mengalami kegagalan ginjal untuk terus hidup. Selain itu, penyelidikan
sedang dijalankan untuk menghasilkan ginjal kultur yang dipercayai dapat menjalankan
semua fungsi ginjal yang sihat bagi menggantikan ginjal yang rosak.
Diagram 11.3 shows modern technology that has greatly helped patients with kidney
problems. For example, haemodialysis machines have helped many patients with kidney
failure to survive. Furthermore, research is underway to produce cultured kidney that is
able to carry out all the functions of a healthy kidney.
Cecair dialisis
keluar
Dialysis fluid out
Tisu ginjal
Membran Kidney 8ssue
penuras
Cecair dialisis Filtering
masuk membrane
Dialysis fluid in
Ginjal kultur
Cultured kidney
Darah keluar
Blood out
Rajah 11.3
Diagram 11.3
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Mesin hemodialysis
Hemodialysis machine
Ginjal kultur
Cultured kidney
SET 8
Neuron X Neuron Y
Neurone X Neurone Y
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan pemindahan neurotransmiter dan sejenis dadah merentasi sinaps.
Diagram 9.2 shows the transmission of neurotransmitter and a type of drug across the
synapse.
Bonggol sinaps
Synap8c knob
Dadah Vesikel sinaps
Drug Synapse vesicle
Neurotransmiter
Neurotransmicer
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Seorang pesakit telah disuntik dengan sejenis dadah bagi mengurangkan rasa sakit.
Terangkan bagaimana dadah tersebut dapat mengurangkan kesakitannya.
A patient was injected with a type of drug to reduce pain.
Explain how the drug can reduce the pain.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(c) Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan dua gerak balas yang berbeza oleh individu P dan Q.
Diagram 9.3 shows two different responses by individuals P and Q.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
Perbezaan:
Difference:
Persamaan:
Similarity:
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
10. (a) Ginjal berfungsi sebagai organ perkumuhan dengan menyingkirkan bahan kumuh yang
bertoksik seperti urea, asid urik, ammonia dan kreatinina.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan keratan membujur sebahagian daripada nefron ginjal.
The kidneys function as excretory organs by getting rid of toxic wastes such as urea, uric
acid, ammonia and creatinine.
Diagram 10.1 shows part of the renal nephron.
Arteriol aferen
Afferent arteriole
Arteriol eferen
Efferent arteriole
P
P : Glomerulus / Glomerulus
Q : Kapsul Bowman / Bowman’s capsule
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1, terangkan proses yang berlaku di antara P dan Q.
Based on Diagram 10.1, explain the process that occurs between P and Q.
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BIOEZI ESSEI BOOST 2023
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan seorang buruh yang sedang bekerja pada hari yang panas.
Diagram 10.2 shows a labourer working on a hot day.
Apabila buruh tersebut membuang air kecil, air kencing yang dihasilkan sangat pekat
dan sedikit kuantitinya.
Terangkan mengapa.
When the labourer urinates, the urine produced is very concentrated and low in volume.
Explain why.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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P6: Dinding tubul berlingkar distal / duktus pengumpul lebih telap terhadap air
The wall of the distal convulated tubule / collecting duct is more permeable
to water
[Mana-mana 6]
[Any 6]
(c) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan dua sistem yang terlibat dalam koordinasi manusia.
Diagram 10.3 shows two systems involved in human coordination.
Otak
Brain Kelenjar
pituitari
Saraf tunjang Pituitary gland
Spinal cord
Sistem Y
Sistem X System Y
System X
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
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Persamaan:
Similarity:
Perbezaan:
Differences:
Sistem X Sistem Y
System X System Y
D1: Sistem saraf Sistem endokrin
Nervous system Endocrine system
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11 (a) (i) Dasar Teknologi Hijau Negara (DTHN) telah dilancarkan pada Julai 2009 yang
menekankan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pembangunan lestari negara.
Nyatakan definisi teknologi hijau.
The National Green Technology policy (NGTP) was launched in July 2009,
emphasising the economic growth and sustainable development of the country.
State the definition of green technology.
[ 2 markah]
[2 marks]
(ii) Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu aplikasi teknologi hijau yang menggunakan sisa buah-
buahan.
Diagram 11.1 shows an application of green technology using fruit wastes.
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Cadangkan amalan berdasarkan konsep teknologi hijau yang dapat dilakukan oleh
seorang suri rumah untuk melestarikan alam sekitar.
Suggest the practices based on the concept of green technology that can be carried
out by a housewife to sustain the environment.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
P2: Mengitar semula sisa dapur dan sisa makanan untuk menghasilkan baja
semula jadi /organik
Recycle kitchen wastes and food wastes to produce natural /organic
fertilisers
P5: Menghasilkan baja foliar daripada sisa dapur untuk disembur pada daun
tumbuhan sebagai penggalak tumbesaran
Produce foliar fertilizer from kitchen wastes to be sprayed on the plant
leaves as a growth promoter
(b) Satu kajian yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid terhadap sampel air hujan yang
dikumpulkan dari kawasan perindustrian mendapati nilai pH sampel air hujan tersebut
rendah. Ini memberi kesan terhadap alam sekitar.
Huraikan pernyataan di atas.
A study conducted by a group of students on rainwater samples collected from industrial
areas found that the pH values of the rainwater samples were low. This affects the
environment.
Describe the above statement.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
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[Mana-mana 4P]
[Any 4P]
(c) Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan penyahhutanan di hutan hujan tropika. Walau bagaimanapun,
pakar alam sekitar bimbang tentang kesan buruk aktiviti tersebut.
Diagram 11.2 shows deforestation in tropical rainforest. However, the environmentalists
are worried about the bad effects of the acitivity.
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Rajah 11.2
Diagram 11.2
Sekiranya anda ialah seorang pakar alam sekitar, bincangkan kesan baik dan kesan buruk
penyahhutanan kepada manusia dan alam sekitar.
If you are an environmentalist, discuss the good and bad effects of deforestation to
human and environment.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Kesan baik
Good effects:
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Kesan buruk:
Bad effects:
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SET 9
9 (a) Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan dua jenis variasi yang dikaji oleh murid tingkatan 5.
Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 shows two types of variation studied by form 5 students.
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Bilangan murid 20 10
Number of students
Jadual 1
Table 1
(i) Nyatakan jenis variasi bagi Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2.
State the type of variation for Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(iii) Kebolehan menggulung lidah adalah ciri yang boleh diwariskan dari induk kepada anak.
Ability to roll tongue is a characteristic that can be inherited from parent to offspring.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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Dapat melukis rajah skema untuk menunjukkan pewarisan kebolehan menggulung lidah
jika ayah dan ibu adalah heterozigot.
Able to draw a schematic diagram to show the inheritance of ability to roll tongue if the
father and the mother are heterozygote.
Contoh Jawapan:
Sample Answers:
Genotip : Ll Ll
Genotype
Gamet : L l L l
Gametes
Meiosis:
Meiosis
Persenyawaan:
Fertilisation
Generasi anak: LL Ll Ll ll
Offspring generation
Nisbah : 3 : 1
Ratio
(b) Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mutasi dalam manusia.
Diagram 9.3 shows a type of disease that caused by mutation in human.
Sel normal
Normal cell
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Bincangkan tentang faktor yang menyebabkan penyakit tersebut dan kesannya kepada
kesihatan individu.
Discuss about the factors that caused the disease and the effects on the health of individual.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Faktor penyebab
Causing factors
P4: penggantian bes berlaku/ satu bes (T) digantikan dengan bes
baharu (A)
base substitution occur/ a base (T) is replaced with a new
base (A)
P10: lesu/pucat
Fatigue/ pale
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Mana-mana 10P
Any 10P
Celah L
Gap L
Neuron penerima
Receiving neurone
Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.1
Bahan M: Neurotransmiter
Substance M: Neurotransmitter
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
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[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Rajah 10.2 (a) dan (b) menunjukkan dua jenis dadah yang berbeza kategori.
Diagram 10.2 (a) and (b) shows two types of drugs from different categories.
Huraikan bagaimana dua jenis dadah ini mempengaruhi penghantaran impuls saraf
merentasi celah L.
Describe how these type of drugs affects the transmission of impulses across gap L.
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[6 markah]
[6 marks]
(c) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan dua situasi berbeza yang dialami oleh individu P dan Q.
Diagram 10.3 shows two different situations experienced by individual P and Q.
Individu P Individu Q
Individual P Individual Q
Rajah 10.3
Diagram 10.3
Banding dan bezakan mekanisme homeostasis yang berlaku dalam badan individu P dan
individu Q untuk mengawalatur suhu badan mereka.
Compare and contrast the mechanism of homeostasis that occurs in the body of the
individual P and the individual Q to regulate their body temperature.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Persamaan:
Similarity:
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Perbezaan:
Difference:
Individu P Individu Q
Individual P Individual Q
P1: Otot erektor kurang dirangsang/ Otot erektor dirangsang/ mengecut
mengendur Erector muscle is stimulated/ contract
Erector muscle is less stimulated/
relax
P2: Bulu roma condong pada Bulu roma berdiri/menegak
permukaan kulit Fine hair stand/ erect
Fine hair lower towards the skin
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P11: Haba diserap untuk menyejatkan Tiada haba diserap untuk menyejatkan
peluh/ menyejukkan kulit peluh/ menyejukkan kulit.
Heat is absorbed to evaporate No heat is absorbed to evaporate sweat/
sweat/ to cool the skin to cool the skin
11 (a) Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan keadaan yang dialami oleh seorang wanita yang hamil.
Wanita tersebut mendapatkan nasihat doktor berkaitan simptom yang dialami seperti
kaki yang bengkak.
Diagram 11.1 shows the condition experienced by a pregnant woman. The woman gets
advice from the doctor regarding her symptoms that is swelling of the feet.
Kaki bengkak
Swollen feet
Rajah 11.1
Diagram 11.1
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[5 markah]
[5 marks]
P2: Wanita hamil memerlukan bekalan darah dan nutrien yang lebih banyak bagi
menampung perkembangan fetus
Pregnant woman requires more blood and nutrients supply to support the
development of the foetus
P4: Bendalir tisu yang berlebihan berkumpul dalam ruang antara sel
Excess tissue fluid accumulated in the spaces between the cells
(b) Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan perkembangan pembentukan plak pada dinding dalam arteri.
Diagram 11.2 shows the development of the formation of plaque in the inner wall of
artery.
Plak
Plaque
Rajah 11.2
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Diagram 11.2
(i) Namakan penyakit yang berlaku kepada salur darah tersebut dan bahan yang
membentuk plak tersebut.
Name the disease that occurred to the blood vessel and the substance that formed the
plaque.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
Penyakit : aterosklerosis//arteriosclerosis
Disease : atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis
(ii) Jika penyakit yang berlaku dalam Rajah 11.2 melibatkan arteri koronari, bincangkan
kesannya kepada sistem kardiovaskular.
If the disease that occurred in Diagram 11.2 involved artery coronary, discuss the effect
of the condition to the cardiovascular system.
[3 markah]
[3 marks]
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(c) Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan keadaan yang dialami oleh ibu dan fetus semasa kehamilan.
Ibu mempunyai kumpulan darah Rhesus negatif manakala fetus mewarisi kumpulan
darah bapa iaitu Rhesus positif.
Diagram 11.3 shows the situation experienced by the mother and foetus during
pregnancy. Mother has Rhesus negative blood group while the foetus inherited father’s
blood group Rhesus positive.
Kehamilan seterusnya
Kehamilan pertama Subsequent pregnancy
First pregnancy
An?bodi an?-D
An8-D an8body
Rajah 11.3
Diagram 11.3
(i) Bincangkan mengapa fetus pada kehamilan seterusnya mengalami komplikasi yang
teruk berbanding fetus pada kehamilan pertama.
Discuss why foetus in the subsequent pregnancy undergoes severe complication than
foetus in the first pregnancy.
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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(ii) Cadangkan rawatan yang perlu diambil oleh ibu bagi mengatasi masalah berkaitan
faktor rhesus semasa kehamilan akibat kumpulan darah ibu dan anak yang berbeza.
Suggest the treatment that should be taken by the mother to overcome the problem
related to rhesus factor during pregnancy due to different blood group of mother and
foetus.
[4 markah]
[4 marks]
P4: Oleh itu tiada antibodi anti-D yang akan merentasi plasenta pada
kehamilan kedua
Therefore, no anti-D antibody will cross the placenta in second pregnancy
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SET 10
9. Gregor Mendel telah mengemukakan prinsip untuk menerangkan mekanisme pewarisan secara
saintifik. Beliau telah menjalankan eksperimen dan mengemukakan Hukum Mendel I dan Hukum
Mendel II. Dalam eksperimen pewarisan monohibrid, Mendel telah menggunakan tumbuhan
kacang pis baka tulen.
P1 : Hukum Segregasi
Law of segregation
P3 : hanya satu daripada pasangan alel ini akan diwariskan ke dalam gamet.
only one of the allelic pair is inherited in a gamete.
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• Dua induk dengan genotip BBHH dan bbhh telah mengalami kacukan silang
Two parents with genotype BBHH and bbhh are cross
• Alel B mewakili trait biji bulat, alel b mewakili trait biji kedut, manakala alel H mewakili trait
hijau, alel h mewakili trait kuning
Allele B represents round seed trait, allele b represents constricted seed, while allele H
represents green trait, allele h represents yellow trait
• Anak yang terhasil daripada kacukan tersebut mengalami pendebungaan sendiri dan
menghasilkan generasi F2
Offspring produced from the crossing undergoes self-pollination and produced F2 generatio
• Terdapat empat jenis fenotip yang terhasil di dalam generasi F2
There are four types of phenotypes produced in F2 generation
Genotip induk: X
BBHH bbhh
Parent genotype
Persenyawaan
Fertilisation
Genotip F1
Genotype F1 BbHh
bh
B Bh b bh B Bh b
H H H H
Kacukan gamet dari Induk 2 menggunakan segi empat Punnet:
Gamete cross from parental 2 using Punnet square:
Gamet
betina BH Bh bH bh
Gamet jantan
BH BBHH BBHh BbHH BbHh
Bh BBHh BBhh BbHh Bbhh
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Daripada genotip F2, nisbah fenotip F2 diperolehi dan 4 jenis fenotip dikenal pasti.
From F2 genotype, F2 phenotype ratio and 4 types of phenotype are identified.
(b) Huraikan dengan menggunakan rajah skema genetik, proses pembentukan empat jenis
fenotip di dalam generasi F2 tersebut.
Describe by using genetic scheme diagram, the process of formation of four types of
phenotype in F2 generation.
[8 markah]
[8 marks]
(c) Pernyataan berikut adalah mengenai ciri-ciri penyakit akibat daripada mutasi kromosom.
The following statement is about characteristics of a disease caused by chromosomal
mutation.
• Lelaki yang mandul dengan testis kecil yang gagal menghasilkan sperma
A sterile man with small testes that fail to produce sperms
• Mempunyai suara dan buah dada seperti wanita
Possesses voice and chest similar to those of a woman
• Mempunyai kaki dan tangan yang panjang
Has long legs and hands
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Mana-mana 10P
Any 10P
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Otak
Brain
Kelenjar R
Gland R
Kelenjar Tiroid
Hormon P Thyroid gland
Hormone P
Hormon Q
Hormone Q
Kelenjar adrenal
Adrenal gland
Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.1
(a) (i) Namakan hormon P dan hormon Q yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar R.
Name hormone P and Q which are secreted by the gland R.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
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(b) Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan dua orang pelajar sedang meluncur di gelanggang meluncur ais.
Diagram10.2 shows two students are skating on an ice-skating rink.
Rajah 10.2
Diagram 10.2
[6 markah]
[6 marks]
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(c) Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan graf perubahan kepekatan glukosa dan kepekatan insulin dalam
darah individu X dan Y dalam tempoh 3 jam selepas makan kek coklat.
Diagram 10.3 shows a graph of changes in glucose concentration and insulin
concentration in the blood of individual X and Y within 3 hours after eating chocolate cake.
Individu X
Individual X
Individu Y
Individual Y
Masa (jam)
Time (hour)
Concentra8on of insulin in blood (U/ml)
Kepekatan insulin dalam darah (U/ml)
Individu Y
Individual Y
Individu X
Individual X
Masa (jam)
Time (hour)
Makan kek coklat
Eat chocolate cake
Rajah 10.3
Diagram 10.3
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[10 markah]
[10 marks]
F1 : Selepas memakan kek coklat, kepekatan glukosa darah individu X lebih tinggi
berbanding individu Y
After eating chocolate cake, the blood glucose concentration of individual X is
higher than that of individual Y
F2 : kepekatan glukosa dalam darah individu Y menurun selepas 0.5 jam, manakala
kepekatan glukosa dalam darah individu X terus meningkat selama 2 jam
the concentration of glucose in the blood of individual Y decreases after 0.5
hours, while the concentration of glucose in the blood of individual X continues
to increase for 2 hours
F3 : selepas 3 jam memakan kek coklat, kepekatan glukosa darah individu Y turun /
kembali ke aras asal, manakala kepekatan glukosa darah individu X masih tinggi
daripada aras asal
after 3 hours of eating chocolate cake, the blood glucose concentration of
individual Y drops / returns to the original level, while the blood glucose
concentration of individual X is still higher than the original level
E1 : apabila aras glukosa dalam darah meningkat, sel beta Langerhans pankreas
diransang
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when blood glucose level increases, pancreas Langerhans beta cells are
stimulated
E8 : kepekatan glukosa yang tinggi dalam darah individu Y diturunkan ke julat normal
the high concentration of glucose in the blood of individual Y is reduced to the
normal range
E9 : Individu Y adalah sihat
individual Y is healthy
Nota :
F – sekurang-kurangnya 1
P - sekurang-kurangnya 1
E - sekurang-kurangnya 1
O – maksimum 7
11 Pernyataan berikut merujuk kepada penggunaan kawalan biologi sebagai alternatif kepada
kawalan secara kimia.
The following statement refers to application of biological control as an alternative to chemical
control.
Biological control agent is a technology based on ecological concepts that control pest
attack on highland vegetables such as cabbages, lettuces and tomatoes. Diadegma
semiclausum (parasitic wasp), Cotesia vestalis (parasitic wasp) and Coenosia exigua
(tiger fly) are some examples of biological control agents which have been proven to be
effective in controlling the attacks of pests.
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(a) Terangkan bagaimana kawalan biologi berkesan mengawal serangan serangga perosak.
Explain how biological control is effective in controlling the attacks of pests.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
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(b) Petikan akhbar berikut ialah tentang suatu pembangunan yang tidak lestari.
The following paper article is on unsustainable development.
Veena Babulal and T.N. Alagesh – Ogos /August 23, 2020 @ 1:00pm
KUALA LUMPUR: Ecotourism and Conservation Society Malaysia head Andrew J. Sebastian
said the threat was not just to the area of the development, but the greater Fraser's Hill
Forest Complex due to the precedent being set in the ecologically-sensitive area. He said the
forest complex, which includes six permanent reserved forests, was under threat due to land
use changes for logging, mining, agriculture and infrastructure, before the high- rise hotel
was thrown into the mix.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
F: Tidak wajar kerana akan menyebabkan ketidakstabilan ekosistem
No, because it will cause the ecosystem to be unstable.
Pemeliharaan
Preservation.
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Pemuliharaan
Conservation
P7 : Melindungi hutan dari penyakit/ virus/ perosak dan lain-lain, supaya jumlah hutan
dapat dipulihara
Protect forests from diseases/ viruses/ pests and others, so that the amount of forest
can be conserved
Pemulihan
Restoration
P12 : Mengambil kira keseimbangan spesis flora dan fauna (untuk keseimbangan
ekosistem)
Take into account the balance of flora and fauna species (for ecosystem balance)
F-1
Sekurang-kurangnya :
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At least :
P1-P2 : 1
P3-P9 : 1
P10-P12 : 1
(c) Rajah 11 menunjukkan bangunan hijau yang merupakan satu konsep pembinaan yang
bercirikan teknologi mesra semula jadi. Matlamat utama konsep ini adalah
menggunakan sumber semula jadi secara cekap yang merangkumi tenaga, air dan bahan.
Diagram 11 shows a green building which is a building concept that has the
characteristics of nature-friendly technology. The main purpose of the concept is efficient
use of natural resources such as energy, water and materials.
Rajah 11
Diagram 11
Dengan menggunakan teknologi mesra semula jadi, jana idea tentang bangunan hijau
impian anda.
Nyatakan kelebihan idea anda.
By using nature-friendly technology, generate idea on your dream green building.
State the advantage of your ideas.
[5 markah]
[5 marks]
P2 : Sistem tadahan air air hujan digunakan untuk menyiram pokok dan mencuci
tandas
Rain water collecting system used to water the plants and
wash the toilet
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Kelebihan:
Advantage:
P5: Mengurangkan kesan negatif terhadap alam sekitar akibat daripada aktiviti
pembinaan/pencemaran air/udara/tanah
Reduces the negative effect on the environment due to construction
activity/water/air/soil pollution
Mana-mana lima
Any five
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