The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto protocol used for inter-autonomous system routing

in the internet. While BGP has demonstrated its effectiveness in terms of security, efficiency, scalability,
and robustness, the continuous evolution of the internet has brought forth concerns regarding its ability
to meet the changing needs of internet routing. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive survey of
BGP issues and proposed solutions.

The paper begins by identifying two major limitations of BGP: its failure to address significant security
issues and its operational challenges. With the design and ubiquity of BGP making inter-domain routing
security complex, the need for exploring solutions becomes evident. To this end, the paper delves into
past research related to BGP security and operational issues, presenting a comprehensive analysis of the
limitations and advantages of proposed solutions.

The survey encompasses various aspects, including BGP authentication, authorization, integrity,
confidentiality, and validation of BGP messages. By exploring the interconnection between operational
issues and security research, the paper highlights the inherent connection between these domains and
the necessity of addressing both aspects.

Furthermore, the paper discusses ongoing research in inter-domain routing from the perspectives of
operational practices, standards activities, and security, exposing similarities and differences in proposed
approaches. It examines the challenges faced by BGP and examines proposed solutions such as secure
origin BGP (soBGP), Secure Path Vector (SPV), and listen and whisper techniques.

Ultimately, this survey aims to contribute to the body of knowledge on BGP by providing a
comprehensive understanding of its issues and potential solutions. It serves as a valuable resource for
researchers, network operators, and policymakers seeking to enhance the security, efficiency,
scalability, and stability of BGP in inter-domain networks.