NAME: KEHINDE OLUWADAMILARE TUNMISE

MATRIC NUMBER: 21/0385

COURSE CODE: MCM 361

COURSE TITLE: RADIO/TV NEWS WRITING & PRODUCTION.

QUESTION: WRITE DETAILED NOTES ON TELEVISION PRODUCTION USING

TOUCHING ON THE FOLLOWING:

1) ANNOUNCING

2) BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PRESENTATION

3) ADVERTISING IN BROADCASTING

4) PRODUCER AND PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

5) DIRECTOR AND DIRECTING.

INSTRUCTIONS: TYPED, 12 FONT SIZE, SINGLE LINE SPACING. EACH SUB-

HEADING MUST BE ONE PAGE AT LEAST.
 1) Announcing:

Announcing in television production refers to the act of presenting or introducing various

segments, shows, or events on television. It is usually performed by announcers or hosts who
have a good command of language, vocal skills, and a pleasing personality.

- Responsibilities of an announcer: An announcer is responsible for delivering

information, introducing programs, providing context, and engaging the audience.
They may also read news bulletins, present commercials, interview guests, or
moderate discussions.
- Skills required: Announcers need to have a clear and articulate voice, excellent
diction, proper pronunciation, and the ability to modulate their voice according to
the content and tone of the program. They should also possess good improvisation
skills, as they may need to ad-lib or handle unexpected situations.
- Preparation: Announcers typically receive scripts or briefings about the content
they will be presenting. They may have to rehearse their lines, practice
pronunciation, and familiarize themselves with the subject matter to ensure a
smooth delivery.
- Good Diction and Pronunciation: Announcers must have excellent diction and
pronunciation skills. They should be able to enunciate words accurately, avoiding
any mumbling or unclear speech.
- Engaging Personality: An engaging personality is crucial for capturing the
attention of the audience. Announcers should be able to connect with viewers,
displaying enthusiasm, charisma, and the ability to establish a rapport.

Announcers in television production often receive scripts or briefings about the content they will
be presenting. They may have the opportunity to rehearse their lines, practice pronunciation, and
familiarize themselves with any specific terminology or jargon. This preparation helps ensure a
confident and polished delivery.
 2) Basic principles of presentation:

Effective presentation is crucial in television production to engage the audience and convey
information in a compelling manner. Here are some basic principles:

- Clear communication: Presenters should express their thoughts clearly and

concisely, using simple and easily understandable language. They should avoid
jargon or technical terms that might confuse the viewers.
- Engaging delivery: Presenters should maintain a confident and enthusiastic
demeanor, using appropriate body language, facial expressions, and eye contact to
connect with the audience. They should vary their tone and pace to keep the
viewers interested.
- Timing and Pace: Television presentations need to be well-timed and paced
appropriately. The timing of segments, transitions, and commercial breaks should
be carefully planned to maintain viewer interest and avoid monotony. The pace
should be dynamic, with variations in speed and energy to keep the audience
engaged.
- Structure and Organization: A well-structured presentation ensures a logical
flow of information. In television production, this involves planning the sequence
of segments, scenes, or topics in a way that keeps the audience engaged and
interested. It may include an opening segment, main content, and a closing
segment, all organized in a coherent manner.
- Visual Appeal: Television is a visual medium, and a visually appealing
presentation is crucial. This includes attention to lighting, set design, graphics,
and overall production values. The visual elements should enhance the content
and create an immersive experience for the viewers.

By following these basic principles of presentation, television producers and presenters can
create engaging and impactful content that resonates with the audience, keeping them entertained
and informed.
 3) Advertising in broadcasting:

Advertising plays a significant role in television broadcasting as it helps generate revenue for
networks and stations. Here are some key aspects of advertising in broadcasting:

- Commercial spots: Advertisements are typically aired as commercial spots

during breaks between programs. These spots range in duration from a few
seconds to several minutes and can include various formats, such as traditional
commercials, infomercials, or sponsored segments.
- Targeting and demographics: Advertisers aim to reach their target audience by
placing commercials during programs that attract the desired demographic.
Networks and stations provide data on viewership demographics, allowing
advertisers to select appropriate time slots and programs to maximize their reach.
- Ad production: Advertisements are produced separately from the regular
programming. Ad agencies or production companies create the commercials,
incorporating creative elements, storytelling, branding, and persuasive techniques
to promote products or services effectively.
- Regulations: Broadcasting networks must adhere to advertising regulations set by
regulatory bodies to ensure fair competition and protect viewers’ interests. These
regulations may include guidelines on the duration and frequency of commercials,
the content of advertisements, and restrictions on certain products or services.
- Targeted Audience: Television advertising offers the advantage of reaching a
wide audience. Broadcasters produce and air programs that cater to specific target
demographics, such as news, sports, dramas, reality shows, or children’s
programming.
- Sponsorship and Partnerships: Broadcasting companies and production studios
often form partnerships and sponsorship deals with advertisers. These
collaborations can involve financial support for specific shows, co-branding
opportunities, or exclusive advertising rights. Sponsors may have their logo
 displayed prominently, receive on-air mentions, or have their products integrated
into the program. Such arrangements provide additional funding for production
while giving advertisers a dedicated platform to promote their brand.

It’s important to note that advertising in broadcasting is subject to regulations and guidelines
imposed by regulatory bodies to ensure fairness, accuracy, and appropriate content. These
regulations govern aspects such as the duration and frequency of commercials, restrictions on
certain product categories, and the protection of viewers, especially children, from inappropriate
content.

4) Producer and production techniques:

Producers play a crucial role in television production, overseeing the entire process from concept
development to final delivery. They coordinate various elements and techniques to create
compelling and high-quality content. Here are some key aspects:

- Concept development: Producers work closely with writers, directors, and other
creative professionals to develop the initial concept and vision for a show or
program. They identify target audiences, define the format, structure, and content,
and outline the overall goals and objectives.
- Budgeting and scheduling: Producers are responsible for managing the financial
aspects of production, including budgeting and resource allocation. They create
production schedules, ensuring that all tasks and milestones are met within the
allocated time and budget constraints.
- Casting and crew selection: Producers collaborate with casting directors to select
actors and hosts suitable for the project. They also assemble the production team,
including directors, writers, cinematographers, editors, and other key personnel,
based on their expertise and experience.
- Production logistics: Producers coordinate various logistical aspects, such as
securing shooting locations, obtaining permits, arranging equipment rentals, and
 managing production timelines. They ensure that all necessary resources are
available and that the production runs smoothly.
- Post-production oversight: Producers oversee the editing and post-production
processes, working closely with editors, sound designers, and visual effects
artists. They provide creative input, review drafts, and ensure that the final
product aligns with the original vision.

The producer’s role and the production techniques employed in television production are
instrumental in bringing a creative vision to life, ensuring quality content, and engaging the
audience. By effectively managing the production process and utilizing various techniques,
television programs can captivate viewers and deliver compelling storytelling experiences.

5) Director and Directing:

The director plays a pivotal role in television production, responsible for guiding the creative and
technical aspects of a show or program. They collaborate with the production team and provide
artistic direction to ensure a cohesive and engaging final product. Here are some key aspects of
directing:

- Creative vision: Directors work closely with the producer and writers to develop a
creative vision for the show. They interpret the script, establish the tone, style, and
visual language, and work with other departments to bring the vision to life.
- Casting and rehearsals: Directors collaborate with casting directors to select actors
and conduct auditions. They provide guidance to the actors, help them understand
their characters, and coordinate rehearsals to fine-tune performances and ensure
consistency.
- Communication and collaboration: Directors communicate their vision and
instructions clearly to the cast and crew, fostering a collaborative and creative
environment. They work closely with cinematographers, production designers,
and other departments to achieve the desired visual style and atmosphere.
 - Decision-making: Directors make critical decisions regarding scene selection,
shot composition, pacing, and editing. They must balance artistic choices with
practical considerations, ensuring that the final product meets creative objectives
while adhering to production constraints.
- Performance direction: Directors guide actors in delivering performances that
align with the desired tone and emotional beats of the scene. They provide
feedback, offer suggestions, and help actors tap into their characters’ motivations,
resulting in compelling and authentic performances.
- Post-production involvement: Directors collaborate with editors and post-
production teams to shape the final product. They provide input on editing
choices, sound design, music selection, and visual effects, ensuring that the
overall vision is maintained throughout the editing process.

In television production, the roles of the announcers, presenters, producers, and directors
contribute to the successful creation and delivery of engaging and compelling content. By
following the basic principles of presentation, utilizing effective advertising strategies,
employing production techniques, and providing artistic direction, television programs can
captivate audiences and deliver high-quality viewing experiences.