UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE NUEVO LEÓN

PREPARATORIA No. 7 “DR. OSCAR VELA CANTÚ” UNIDAD I

NATURE OF LIFE
STAGE 1
TIMELINE OF THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
TEACHER : LECH MICHELL GUTIERREZ REYNA

GROUP: 331
TEAM: THE PLANTAES
JOSÉ CRISTOBAL CARILLO MELÉNDEZ #7
JIMENA HERNANDEZ DORANTES #16
ALEJANDRA RODRÍGUEZ ESCAMILLA #33
ANTONIO EMILIANO SEGURA HERNÁNDEZ #38
ALISA GISEL MORENO DE LA GARZA #44
VILLARREAL MIRELES VALERIA ALEJANDRA 2095280

SAN NICOLÁS DE LOS GARZA, N. L. 28 OF OCTOBER OF 2022

Distribution of the Xerophilous Scrub

The states that the xerophilous scrub covers are:

Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango,
Zacatecas, and partly of the states of San Luis Potosi,
Durango and Guanajuato. To the North also in
Chihuahua, Sonora and Baja California.

The xerophilous scrub extension it's about a 29.7% of the

mexican ground. In square kilometers its about 576, 747
km².
Xerophilous scrub distribution
When an abiotic factor reaches values beyond the tolerance margins of a species, it acts as a
limiting factor for the survival of that species. In the Xerophile scrub, the climate is steppe,
very dry or desert, however it is not completely dry and the rains there are very scarce.

Abiotic factors are:

- Light
Light provides the energy necessary for the functioning of ecosystems.
- The light intensity. Plants absorb light radiation through a set of pigments globally called chlorophyll.
But the amount of radiation received is not always the same; the changes can be daily, seasonal or
caused by the presence of other vegetables.
-Water
-Ground
-Temperature this is a fundamental factor in the life of organisms since it regulates vital functions.
When the temperature is very high or very low, these functions are paralyzed leading to the
destruction of the cell organelles or the cell itself.
-The pH of your soil typically ranges from 6 to 8.5.
-The little humidity that it receives comes from its scarce rains.
-The composition of its soil is so complex that it allows the development of life despite the poor
nutrients it offers.
-The air that "resides" in this ecosystem is usually dry.
Biotic factors.
Its flora is characterized by a variable number of adaptations to aridity, so numerous plant species
become evident only when the soil has sufficient moisture.

Among the most characteristic plants we find those of the cactus type, creepers and shrubs. Here are
some examples:

The dominant vegetation is bushes, typical of arid zones. The seeds can be dehydrated up to 5% humidity without
being harmed, this is due to dormancy (lack of germination that the seeds present, in favorable conditions of
humidity, temperature, aeration, and in some cases, lighting.

Sahuaro or Cardón: Column cactus, it reaches 15 meters and has a diameter of 65 centimeters, it has
ramifications.

Chollas: Small cacti with multiple spines and branches.

Gobernadora: Branched shrub with small dark green resinous leaves, silky and with yellow flowers that grows in
semi-desert areas because it is highly resistant to dry seasons and extreme temperatures.
I
Primary consumers herbivorous
They are herbivorous they are the ones that feed on the producing organisms, and constitute the first link of consumers
in the chain of transmission of matter and energy.

Secondary consumer
The first rung of predators, that is, of carnivores, is generally made up of animals that feed on animals.
Are considered small carnivores.They serve as a transmission of nutrients and matter to a higher level
of predators, which feed on the meat of smaller predators.
Tertiary consumers
Tertiary consumers are often the end of the food chain and are known as predators, that is, consumers that feed on primary and
secondary consumers.

They have a strictly carnivorous diet, which keeps the growth of these populations at bay. In this category are snakes, hawks,
owls, killer whales, wild dogs.
 FOOD WEB

Primary
consumer:
ants

Tertiary consumer:
Black bear
Producer:
herbs

sun energy
Secondary consumer:
wasps
Producer:
Plant
Primary consumer: diptera secretions
Implications of human activity in the ecosystem
The xerophytic thickets, considered as a whole, are perhaps from the
communities less affected by the activities of man, a logical consequence of the
prevailing climatic conditions that are generally not favorable development of
agriculture, nor that of intensive livestock farming and the use of wild plants is
limited limited. The density of the human population remains generally low and
some regions are almost completely depopulated. Very notable exceptions in this
respect constituting the irrigated areas, where an agriculture will flourish technified
and there is no trace of natural vegetation.

Agriculture without the aid of irrigation is often practiced in less arid areas
accentuated, close to the limits with other types of vegetation. The cotton, the
wheat and soybean are crops more characteristic of irrigated land, while that corn,
barley and sorghum are the preferred plants for temporary land.

Uncontrolled grazing is one of the main causes of deterioration along with clearing for agriculture and livestock. This
causes the loss of vegetation due to soil compaction and erosion. The extraction of timber species and uncontrolled
exploitation of plants as industrial raw material, for example for the production of wax, destroys the plant in its entirety.
The most notable effect produced by grazing on the xerophytic vegetation is
the gradual substitution of plants that are palatable to cattle for others that this
it does not touch, an effect that is accentuated in intense and irrational use.
Because of that, large tracts of the Altiplanicie are heavily overgrazed, while
other areas, mainly sparsely populated, remain without
any use. The lack of resources makes the man who inhabits the arid regions
insist more to take advantage of natural vegetation than those who live in
areas with sufficient water. In this way a large number of wild plants are used
for construction purposes, such as
● living fences
● fuel
● textiles
● medicinal
About 60 million hectares in the country have natural
● food
climatic and altitude conditions that could house
The effects of its employment are often very noticeable in the surroundings of scrubland, however, of these only 44.9 million
the towns, but seldom farther away. A few species, in Instead, they are (or hectares had scrubland in 1970. Gradually they have
have been) intensively exploited for trade and industrialization on a more or been replaced by agricultural or livestock land. In
less important scale. 2002, the area occupied by scrub was reduced to
44.2 million hectares due to the conversion of just
over 607,000 hectares to agricultural or livestock land
and the degradation of around 202,000 hectares to
secondary scrub.
● The "cadelilla" (Euphorbia antisyphilitica), of whose stems good quality wax is obtained, and which is mainly exploited in
Coahuila and in some adjacent areas.
● The hard fibers or “ixtle” for the manufacture of cords, sacks, bags and other products is obtained mainly from the tender
leaves of the "lechiguilla" (Agave lechuguilla) and the “palma samandoca” or “palma loca” (Yucca carnerosana), distributed
in San Luis Potosí to Coahuila and Chihuahua.
● The "guayule" (Parthenium argentatum), a shrub with a high content of rubber, which it was exploited for this purpose
during the second world war. In Sonora and Baja California are taking advantage of the seeds of the "jojoba" (Simmondsia
chinensis) containing a liquid wax, of industrial interest.

The exploitation of some of these species is very intense and in the cases of candelilla and guayule, in which the plant
is destroyed in order to take advantage of it economically, their virtual extermination has been reached in large areas.
The lechuguilla and the samandonca palm survive the cutting of their leaves, but the exploited populations hardly
reproduce sexually, which in the long run may have negative effects on the survivability of these plants.
 PROPOSAL FOR THE PROTECTION OF
XEROPHILUS SCRUB
Some proposals it that we have consume with responsibility,
use less water and things that produce garbage.

Informe why is important the xerophilus scrubs, how we are

intentionally damaging and what we can do for possible
solutions.

Participate in groups that their mission is to help and

conserve this ecosystem.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Beltrán, E. (s. f.). Matorral Xerófilo. Iztacala. Recuperado 27 de

octubre de 2022, de

https://www.iztacala.unam.mx/biologiamuseo/Textos%20pdf%20

Portal/MATORRAL%20XER%C3%93FILO.pdf

Editorial Etecere. (s. f.). Organismos consumidores. concepto.

Recuperado 28 de octubre de 2022, de

https://concepto.de/organismos-consumidores/#:~:text=Consumi

dores%20primarios.,las%20aves%20herb%C3%ADvoras%2C%2

0el%20zooplancton