Dokumen - Tips Ponchon-Savaritpdf

8/16/2019 Ponchon savarit.
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SIDESTREAMS AND MULTIPLE

FEEDs USING McCabe THIELE
GRAPHICAL METHOD.
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8/16/2019 Ponchon savarit.pdf
How many theoretical stages are needed for the

distillation separation shown below? Where is the
feed and the take-off stages? Use the McCabe-
Thiele graphical method. At 1 atm (14.696 psia),
methanol boils at 64.7oC and ethanol boils at 78.4oC.
The vapour pressure of ethanol at 64.7 oC = 8.2 psia.
The vapour pressure of methanol at 78.4oC = 25
psia. Consider the mixture to be ideal. For the two
components assume that the relative volatility is
1.745. Assume that the pinch occurs at the feed
stage.
8/16/2019
GRAPHICAL MULTISTAGE CALCULATIONS BY THE Ponchon savarit.pdf
PONCHON-SAVARIT METHOD
Brief overview of the Method
• The
flowsMcCabe-Thiele
are constant inmethod assumes
each section thatcolumn.
of the molar liquid and vapour
This assumption
eliminates the need to make an energy balance for each stage. A
graphical method that includes energy balances as well as material
balances is the Ponchon-Savarit method.
• The Ponchon-Savarit method uses Enthalpy-concentration diagrams

such as the one shown below. This diagram includes curves for the
enthalpies of saturated liquid and vapour mixtures. Terminal points of
tie lines connecting these two curves represent the equilibrium
vapour and liquid compositions.
• For the purpose of this section we are always going to assume that
Murphree’s plate efficiency is 100% which implies that liquid and
vapour streams leaving each plate are in perfect equilibrium with
each other in terms of their compositions.

Consider a single stage, n-1, where vapour from stage n-2 below is mixed
adiabatically with liquid from stage n above to give an overall mixture,
denoted by the mole fraction z, and then brought to equilibrium
Figure 10.4
8/16/2019
Feed Stage Location
Ponchon savarit.pdf
In the diagram above, P’ is the difference point for

stages above the feed stage and P’’ for stages below the
feed stage, it follows that the transition from one
difference point to the other occurs at the feed stage.
Therefore the tie line that crosses the line P’P” will be
ideal feed stage.
Hence the feed stage is stage 5.
8/16/2019 Limiting Reflux Ratios Ponchon savarit.pdf
Total Reflux
At total reflux, the minimum number of stages is required and F=0, B = 0, D
= 0, therefore the points (hD – qD, xD) and (hB – qB, xB) lie at infinity.
The operating lines for each section of the column thus become straight
vertical lines and the minimum number of stages in calculated as shown in
the diagram below.
Minimum Reflux Ratio
• The first step in determining the minimum reflux ratio is to use the
feed condition. In the diagram below the difference point P’ and P”
are located by extending the equilibrium tie

intersections with the two difference point. line through zF to its
• However in the Figure below, the extension of the feed point tie line
places the difference points at P’1 and P’’1.
• The pinch point however manifests itself at tie line T. This suggests
that the minimum reflux ratio in the enriching section is set by the
highest intersection made by the steepest tie line in the section with
the line x = xD.
• Use of difference point P’ in stepping off stages gives an infinite

number of stages with the pinch point occurring at xT
• x = xB. If there is a tie line in the stripping section that gives a lower
P”, this must be used; otherwise, a pinch region will develop in the
stripping section.
The Partial Condenser
The Figure below shows the construction of operating line corresponding to

an enriching section with a partial condenser. Here Vn and LR are on the
same operating line, and LR is in equilibrium with D.

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8/16/2019 Ponchon savarit.

SIDESTREAMS AND MULTIPLE

How many theoretical stages are needed for the

• The Ponchon-Savarit method uses Enthalpy-concentration diagrams

each other in terms of their compositions.

In the diagram above, P’ is the difference point for

are located by extending the equilibrium tie

• Use of difference point P’ in stepping off stages gives an infinite

The Figure below shows the construction of operating line corresponding to

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