320C, 320C L, 320C LN Excavators GLA00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 306...

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Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 320C EXCAVATOR GLA00409
Configuration: 320C, 320C L, 320C LN Excavators GLA00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY 3066 Engine

Systems Operation
3064 and 3066 Engines for Caterpillar Built Machines
Media Number -SENR5546-15 Publication Date -01/07/2013 Date Updated -30/07/2013

i01570661

Basic Engine
SMCS - 1200

Cylinder Block, Cylinder Liners, and Cylinder Head

The cylinder block has cylinders which are arranged in-line. The crankshaft of the four cylinder
engine has five main bearings and the crankshaft of the six cylinder engine has seven main bearings.
The thrust bearings on the main bearing journals control the end play of the crankshaft.

A cylinder sleeve is available as a replacement. Replace the cylinder sleeve if a sleeve is worn or if a
sleeve is worn in excess of the service limit. Set up a boring bar on the cylinder block. Bore the
cylinder sleeve to 0.5 mm (0.02 inch) of the original thickness. Remove the remainder of the cylinder
sleeve with a hammer and punch. Install the cylinder sleeve in the bore of the block with the
appropriate tooling. Bore the sleeve and hone the sleeve to a diameter of 102.00 to 102.04 mm (4.016
to 4.017 inch).

A cylinder head gasket is used between the plate and the head in order to seal combustion gases,
water, and oil.

The engine has a cast cylinder head. An inlet valve and an exhaust valve for each cylinder are
controlled by a pushrod valve system.

Pistons, Rings, and Connecting Rods

The cast aluminum piston has three rings: two compression rings and one oil control piston ring. All
rings are located above the bore of the piston pin. The two compression rings sit in a cast iron insert.

The oil control piston ring is a standard type and the oil ring is spring loaded. Oil returns to the
crankcase through holes in the groove of the oil control piston ring.

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The direct injection piston has a full skirt. The direct injection piston uses a special shape on the top
surface in order to help combustion efficiency.

The full floating piston pin is retained by two snap rings. The two snap rings fit in grooves in the pin
bore.

Piston cooling jets are located on the main webs of the cylinder block. The piston cooling jets direct
oil in order to cool the piston components and the cylinder walls. The piston cooling jets also direct
oil in order to lubricate the piston components and the cylinder walls.

Crankshaft
The crankshaft changes the combustion forces in the cylinder into usable rotating torque in order to
power the machine. Vibration is caused by impacts from combustion along the crankshaft. The
vibration forces are minimized by the use of a vibration damper. The vibration damper is located on
the front of the crankshaft.

A gear at the front of the crankshaft drives the timing gears. The gear also drives the oil pump.

Pressurized oil is supplied to all bearing surfaces through drilled holes in the crankshaft.

Lip type seals are used on both the front of the crankshaft and the rear of the crankshaft.

Camshaft
The engine has a single camshaft. The camshaft is driven at the front end. Bearings support the
camshaft. As the camshaft turns, the camshaft lobes move the valve system components. The valve
system components move the cylinder valves. The camshaft gear must be timed to the crankshaft
gear. The relationship between the lobes and the camshaft gear causes the valves in each cylinder to
open at the correct time. The relationship between the lobes and the camshaft gear also causes the
valves in each cylinder to close at the correct time.

Copyright 1993 - 2023 Caterpillar Inc. Tue Aug 22 22:20:05 UTC-0400 2023
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