Combinations formula

𝑛
𝐶𝑟 is the combinations formula
𝑛 𝑛!
𝐶𝑟 =
𝑟! 𝑛−𝑟 !

5 5!
𝐶2 =
2! 5 − 2 !

5!
=
2! 3 !

5 × 4 × 3!
= = 10
2! 3 !

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 7
Qn a) 𝐶5

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b) 𝐶2

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c) 𝐶1

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d) 𝐶0

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e) 𝐶5

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Simplify faster…
𝑛 5
𝐶0 = 1 𝐶0 = 1

𝑛 5
𝐶𝑛 = 1 𝐶5 = 1

𝑛 5
𝐶1 = 𝑛 𝐶1 = 5

𝑛 5
𝐶𝑛−1 = 𝑛 𝐶5−1 = 5

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Binomial Theorem

Binomial theorem states that if 𝑛 is a positive integer

where

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 Expand (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 using Binomial theorem.
Qn

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 Expand (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 using Binomial theorem.
Qn

(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = ෍ 𝐶𝑟2 𝑎2−𝑟 𝑏 𝑟

𝑟=0

= 𝐶02 𝑎2−0 𝑏 0 + 𝐶12 𝑎2−1 𝑏1 + 𝐶22 𝑎2−2 𝑏 2

= 1𝑎2 1 + 2𝑎1 𝑏1 + 𝑏2

= 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2

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Qn Expand (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 using Binomial theorem.

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Qn Expand (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 using Binomial theorem.

[ 𝑎 + −𝑏 ]2 = ෍ 𝐶𝑟2 𝑎2−𝑟 (−𝑏)𝑟

𝑟=0

= 𝐶02 𝑎2−0 (−𝑏)0 + 𝐶12 𝑎2−1 (−𝑏)1 + 𝐶22 𝑎2−2 (−𝑏)2

= 1𝑎2 1 − 2𝑎1 𝑏1 + 𝑏2

= 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2

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Qn Expand (𝑥 + 2)5 using Binomial theorem.

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Qn Expand (𝑥 + 2)5 using Binomial theorem.

(𝑥 + 2)5 = ෍ 𝐶𝑟5 𝑥 5−𝑟 2𝑟

𝑟=0

= 𝐶05 𝑥 5−0 20 + 𝐶15 𝑥 5−1 21 + 𝐶25 𝑥 5−2 22 + 𝐶35 𝑥 5−3 23 + 𝐶45 𝑥 5−4 24 + 𝐶55 𝑥 5−5 25

= 1𝑥 5 1 + 5𝑥 4 21 + 10𝑥 3 22 + 10𝑥 2 23 + 5𝑥 1 24 + 1𝑥 0 25

= 𝑥5 + 10𝑥 4 + 40𝑥 3 + 80𝑥 2 + 80𝑥 + 32

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Qn
Expand the following using Binomial Theorem

a) (2𝑥 − 1)4

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