Exam

GENSANTOS FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.
BULAONG EXT., GENERAL SANTOS CITY

PRELIMINARY EXAM IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Construct your determination with sustained effort, controlled attention, and concentrated
energy. Opportunities never come to those who wait ... they are captured by those who dare to
attack.
-Paul J. Meyer
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Score: ____________
(Last name) (First name) (Middle Name)
Year & Section: _____________________________________________ Date: ___________________

Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the two correct option.
1. Ethics certainly creates a buzz in the business world. Ethical issues such as how we treat
others, use information, engage with employees, manage resources, approach sustainability, and
impact the world around us all affect how we view companies. In fact, the inappropriate
treatment of people and the communities we live in are often the subject of scrutiny and can
signal the difference between business success and failure. That’s why businesses often strive for
ethical decision making and practices.
Businesses today are faced with several ethical challenges. Critical decisions have to be made to
ensure we are protecting personal freedoms and using data appropriately.
One of the primary ethical dilemmas in our technologically empowered age revolves around how
businesses use personal information. As we browse internet sites, make online purchases, enter
our information on websites, engage with different businesses online and participate in social
media, we are constantly providing personal details. Companies often gather information to
hyper-personalize our online experiences, but to what extent is that information actually
impeding our right to privacy?
Individual data is the new gold, as the saying goes. We have commoditized data because of the
value it provides to businesses attempting to reach their consumer base. But when does it go too
far? For businesses, it’s extremely valuable to know what kind of products are being searched for
and what type of content people are consuming the most. For political figures, it’s important to
know what kind of social or legal issues are getting the most attention. These valuable data
points are often exploited so that businesses or entities can make money or advance their goals.
Facebook in particular has come under fire several times over the years for selling personal data
it gathers on its platform. Organizations should protect personal information by which of the
following methods:
A. Its several benefits

B. Organizational measures, for example, security clearances and limiting access on a
“need-to-know” basis.
C. Research, test, and collaborate with experts and stakeholders to better understand
emerging technology and its ethical implications.
D. Create a Culture of Responsibility
E. Develop roles and teams dedicated to the ethical use of technology
F. Technology Ethics
G. Teach staff members how to recognize and minimize ethical risks.
H. Foster a Culture of Accountability
I. To gain a deeper understanding of developing technology and its ethical implications,
conduct research, test theories, and work with stakeholders and experts.
J. Provide a framework for the development of effective assessing ethical impact of
health care organizations considering technology holistically, including
interventions that are sensitive to cultural differences.
K. Misuse of Personal information
L. Any data that alone, or in combination with other information, can identify an individual.
M. Limit the amount and type of information you collect to what is needed for the identified
purposes.
N. Replacement of Jobs
O. Responsible Adoption of Disruptive Tech
P. Educate and enable employees to understand and reduce ethical risks
Q. Facial Recognition
R. The Interface of Business
S. Create or update policies, regulations, and standards that guide technology ethics
but also allow for innovation.
T. A high-level view of the technology to ethical aspects encountering for healthcare.
U. Its various advantages
V. Unique insight for planning and implementing appropriate clinical practices, for
caring with implications to consider comfort criteria during nursing assessment and
planning of care during a patient’s hospitalization
W. Human Autonomy
X. Individual liberty
Y. The Conscientious Use of Disruptive Technology
Z. Human Manipulation
attack.
-Paul J. Meyer
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Score: ____________

2. Technology is built by programmers and inherits the bias of its creators because humans
inherently have bias. “Technology is inherently flawed. Does it even matter who developed the
algorithms? AI systems learn to make decisions based on training and coding data, which can be
tainted by human bias or reflect historical or social inequities,” according to Forbes. Leading AI
developer Google has even experienced an issue where AI software believes male nurses and
female historians do not exist.
Use of software to find individuals can quickly become a less-than-ethical problem. According to
the NY Times, there are various concerns about facial recognition, such as misuse, racial bias
and restriction of personal freedoms. The ability to track movements and activity quickly morphs
into a lack of privacy. Facial recognition also isn’t fool proof and can create bias in certain
situations.
While this is anticipated to a certain degree, AI is meant to increase automation of low-level
tasks in many situations so that human resources can be used on more strategic initiatives and
complicated job duties. The large-scale elimination of jobs has many workers concerned about
job security, but AI is more likely to lead to job creation.
Artificial intelligence certainly offers great business potential. But, at what point do AI systems
cross an ethical line into dangerous territory?

B. Organizational measures, for example, security clearances and limiting access on
a “need-to-know” basis.
I. To gain a deeper understanding of developing technology and its ethical implications,
conduct research, test theories, and work with stakeholders and experts.
J. Provide a framework for the development of effective assessing ethical impact of
health care organizations considering technology holistically, including
interventions that are sensitive to cultural differences.
L. Any data that alone, or in combination with other information, can identify an
individual.
M. Limit the amount and type of information you collect to what is needed for the
identified purposes.
S. Create or update policies, regulations, and standards that guide technology
ethics but also allow for innovation.
T. A high-level view of the technology to ethical aspects encountering for healthcare.
V. Unique insight for planning and implementing appropriate clinical practices, for
caring with implications to consider comfort criteria during nursing assessment
and planning of care during a patient’s hospitalization
W. Human Autonomy
attack.
-Paul J. Meyer
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Score: ____________

3. Clear accountability will help drive the ethical technology agenda in government. The
government already has groups, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and the Office of American Innovation, that
are focused on IT modernization and could be leveraged to lead this effort. When DJ Patil served
as the US Chief Data Scientist, he saw it as part of his role to “work carefully and thoughtfully to
ensure data science policy protects privacy and considers societal, ethical, and moral
consequences.” This is a role that the future OSTP director could assume as well. Governments
could also consider the creation of new teams. The European Union, recognizing challenges with
ethics in robotics and artificial intelligence, called for the creation of “a new European Agency
for robotics to supply public authorities with technical, ethical and regulatory expertise and a
voluntary ethical Code of Conduct to regulate who would be accountable for the social,
environmental and human health impacts of robotics and ensure that they operate in accordance
with legal, safety and ethical standards.” Aside from cross-government groups, what individual
agencies and departments should consider their use and role in emerging technology and
who is responsible for ensuring the ethical application of it? Furthermore, Consortiums of
private sector organizations, like the Partnership on AI to benefit people and society, have begun
to consider standards around the ethics of technology, but the private sector does not have the
broad view of government. It is through this lens that government can help to ensure the ethical
development and use of technology. However, current policies and regulations may not be
addressing or keeping up or in some cases, may even be hindering ethical or efficient use of
technology. As Vivek Wadhwa noted in the MIT Technology Review, “effective laws and
standards of ethics are guidelines accepted by members of a society, and that these require the
development of a social consensus.” While the current pace of technology change is rapid, the
pace of social consensus is much slower. Nonetheless, there are certainly use cases for
regulators and policymakers to reference such as foreign policy guiding the ethics of war
and state data security laws, not to mention the soon to be enforced General Data
Protection Regulation in Europe.

B. Organizational measures, for example, security clearances and limiting
access on a “need-to-know” basis.
I. To gain a deeper understanding of developing technology and its ethical
implications, conduct research, test theories, and work with stakeholders and
experts.
J. Provide a framework for the development of effective assessing ethical
impact of health care organizations considering technology holistically,
including interventions that are sensitive to cultural differences.
individual.
T. A high-level view of the technology to ethical aspects encountering for
healthcare.
V. Unique insight for planning and implementing appropriate clinical practices,
for caring with implications to consider comfort criteria during nursing
assessment and planning of care during a patient’s hospitalization
W. Human Autonomy
attack.
-Paul J. Meyer
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Score: ____________

4. There are a host of market actors impacted by the rise of digital technology. Consumers are an
obvious case. What we buy and how our identities are created through marketing is, arguably,
ground zero for many of the ethical issues discussed by the articles in this symposium. Recent
work has begun to examine how technology can undermine the autonomy of consumers or users.
For example, many games and online platforms are designed to encourage a dopamine response
that makes users want to come back for more (“Technology Designed for Addiction” n.d.).
Similar to the high produced by gambling [machines for which have long been designed for
maximum addiction, games and social media products encourage users to seek the interaction’s
positive feedback to the point where their lives can be disrupted. Through addictive design
patterns, technology firms create a vulnerable consumer. Addictive design manipulates
consumers and takes advantage of human proclivities to threaten their autonomy.
A second example of manipulation and threatened autonomy is the use of aggregated consumer
data to target consumers. Data aggregators can frequently gather enough information about
consumers to infer their concerns and desires, and use that information too narrowly and
accurately target ads. By pooling diverse information on consumer behavior, such as location
data harvested from a phone and Internet browsing behavior tracked by data brokers, consumers
can be targeted in ways that undermine individuals’ ability to make a different decision. If
marketers infer you are worried about depression based on what you look up or where you go,
they can target you with herbal remedies. If marketers guess you are dieting or recently stopped
gambling, they can target you with food or casino ads. Business ethics has a long history of
examining the ways that marketing strategies target vulnerable populations in a manner that
undermines autonomy. A newer, interesting twist on this problem is that these tactics have been
extended beyond marketing products into politics and the public sphere. Increasingly, social
media and digital marketing platforms are being used to inform and sway debate in the public
sphere. The Cambridge Analytica scandal is a well-known example of the use of marketing
tactics, including consumer profiling and targeting based on social media data, to influence
voters. Such tactics have serious implications for autonomy, because individuals’ political
choices can now be influenced as powerfully as their purchasing decisions.
More generally, the articles in this symposium help us understand how the creation and
implementation of new technology fits alongside the other pressures experienced within
businesses. The articles give us lenses on the relationship between an organization’s culture—its
values, processes, commitments, and governance structures—and the challenge of developing
and deploying technology in a responsible fashion. There has been some work on how individual
developers might or might not make ethical decisions, but very little work on how pressures from
organizations and management matter to those decisions. Recent work by Spiekermann et al., for
example, set out to study developers, but discovered that corporate cultures around privacy had
large impacts on privacy and security design decisions. Studying corporate cultures of ethics, and
the complex motivations that managers, in-house lawyers and strategy teams, and developers
bring to ethical decision making, is an important area in business ethics, and one upon which the
perspectives collected here shed light. What do you call about this Human?
B. Organizational measures, for organizations considering technology
example, security clearances and holistically, including interventions
limiting access on a “need-to-know” that are sensitive to cultural
basis. differences.
C. Research, test, and collaborate with K. Misuse of Personal information
experts and stakeholders to better L. Any data that alone, or in combination
understand emerging technology and its with other information, can identify an
ethical implications. individual.
D. Create a Culture of Responsibility M. Limit the amount and type of
E. Develop roles and teams dedicated to information you collect to what is
the ethical use of technology needed for the identified purposes.
F. Technology Ethics N. Replacement of Jobs
G. Teach staff members how to recognize O. Responsible Adoption of Disruptive
and minimize ethical risks. Tech
H. Foster a Culture of Accountability P. Educate and enable employees to
I. To gain a deeper understanding of understand and reduce ethical risks
developing technology and its ethical Q. Facial Recognition
implications, conduct research, test R. The Interface of Business
theories, and work with stakeholders and S. Create or update policies, regulations,
experts. and standards that guide technology
J. Provide a framework for the ethics but also allow for innovation.
development of effective assessing
ethical impact of health care
T. A high-level view of the technology to nursing assessment and planning of

ethical aspects encountering for care during a patient’s hospitalization
healthcare. W. Human Autonomy
U. Its various advantages X. Individual liberty
V. Unique insight for planning and Y. The Conscientious Use of Disruptive
implementing appropriate clinical Technology
practices, for caring with implications Z. Human Manipulation
to consider comfort criteria during
attack.
-Paul J. Meyer
Name: ___________________________________________________________ Score: ____________

5. The unique relationship between doctors and patients requires trust built by the ethical care of
patients and family. Technology in health care can continue to move fast and break things,
including breaking the trust between patients, family, and staff. A moral and ethical issue
because it not only affects quality of care, but it may even impact patient safety. One of the tools
for protecting the doctor-patient relationship and the reputation of the health care industry is the
hospital clinical ethics committee. Ethics committee members work with patients, families, and
hospital staff to find ethical solutions to complex medical cases. Most ethics cases deal with
clinical questions but don’t address large-scale concerns about the effects of technology on
medical care and the hospital culture.
When physicians’ practices are mediated by technology, or eliminates the need of human, by
replacing the human operator with an artificial intelligence remote operator, therefore, ethical
dilemmas may arise between instrumentalism and caring relationships.
Welfare technology is launched as an important measure to meet this challenge. As with all types
of technologies we must explore its ethical challenges. Welfare technology is a generic term for a
heterogeneous group of technologies and few studies are documenting their efficacy,
effectiveness, and efficiency.
The ethical questions about the development and use of welfare technologies, which are the main
challenges identified are, disoriented when advanced technology is used at home, conflicting
goals, as welfare technologies have many stakeholders with several ends, respecting
confidentiality and privacy when third-party actors are involved, guaranteeing equal access and
just distribution, and handling conflicts between instrumental rationality and care in terms of
respecting dignity and vulnerability. What are they consider principal issues in ethical
impacts of technology care that concerns about the effects of technology on medical care
about the effects of technology on healthcare?
B. Organizational measures, for example, security clearances and limiting
access on a “need-to-know” basis.
I. To gain a deeper understanding of developing technology and its ethical
implications, conduct research, test theories, and work with stakeholders and
experts.
J. Provide a framework for the development of effective assessing ethical
impact of health care organizations considering technology holistically,
including interventions that are sensitive to cultural differences.
individual.
T. A high-level view of the technology to ethical aspects encountering for
healthcare.
V. Unique insight for planning and implementing appropriate clinical practices,
for caring with implications to consider comfort criteria during nursing
assessment and planning of care during a patient’s hospitalization
W. Human Autonomy

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GENSANTOS FOUNDATION COLLEGE, INC.

BULAONG EXT., GENERAL SANTOS CITY

Year & Section: ___________________________ Date: _

A. Its several benefits

Year & Section: ___________________________ Date: _

A. Its several benefits

Year & Section: ___________________________ Date: _

A. Its several benefits

Year & Section: ___________________________ Date: _

T. A high-level view of the technology to nursing assessment and planning of

Year & Section: ___________________________ Date: _

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