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For instance, many people across the United States use to heat their homes and fuel their cars.
Certainly the question must be asked, if the future opportunity is not renewable, then what is it. To
achieve our renewable target requires a large amount of renewable installations of various sizes to be
deployed across the Northern Ireland, both on land and offshore. These requirements do, however,
offer an opportunity for economic development in the energy and energy technology supply markets
created by the Low Carbon agenda. A scheme of 30MW capacity based on poultry bedding has
been proposed. Similarly, Venture capital companies tend to finance larger projects for an overall
better return, once again NI is not likely to benefit. It is important, however, that other renewable
sources, e.g. bioenergy are developed and it is hoped that the current proposed Energy from Waste
projects will contribute towards the non-wind element of the 2012 targets. Another issue that could
also be included in the future would be messages relating to efficient use of water, both in the
domestic and business sectors. Chapter 4 sets out further details on how Northern Ireland companies
can be encouraged and supported to develop these new markets. For most of us such price rises are
likely to be an unavoidable consequence of renewing and decarbonising our energy system, (and will
create an additional incentive to achieve energy efficiency). The increased environmental regulations
which would need to be addressed when combining farm and food processing residues would need
to be fully considered. A number of advisory agencies in Northern Ireland do still remain although
they do not provide advice specifically on renewable energy. Renewable energy is considered to be
the most promising solution to the mining industry energy problem. What is Invest NI doing to
actively engage with SMEs to raise awareness on the sector. When grant aid and feed in tariffs are
applied to encourage the integration of new renewable energy sources in the local energy mix,
consideration needs to be given to the period of their application and to their overall impact on the
wider energy market. DETI would plan to develop offshore renewable electricity in line with the
overall principle of sustainable development and productive use of the seas. This is particularly
evident in the education sector where children are increasingly being encouraged to recognise the
benefits of renewable technologies, and where local schools are rewarded for their efforts in
demonstrating increased environmental responsibility. Our main competitor (ROI) appears to move
more quickly in creating the necessary trade associations and funding the necessary underpinning
research to sustain such a future industry. Specific measures have been identified to encourage
investment, remove barriers and bring forward the deployment of less well established technologies
and currently more expensive, such as offshore wind and marine renewables. The whole funding
lifecycle needs to be reviewed to identify where the gaps exist and what policy options are required
to create a coherent-unified funding system for growing SMEs. NIE Energy manages the SMART
programme on behalf of NIE. The number of economically inactive persons who want a job but are
not seeking or available for work stood at 45,000 in the latest period. Member States shall permit
those minimum levels to be fulfilled,inter alia, through district heating and cooling produced using a
significant proportion of renewable energy sources. The NIRO was introduced on 1 April 2005 and
has been the subject of a number of amendments, the most recent in April 2010: this was the
Renewables Obligation (Amendment) Order (Northern Ireland) 2010). This has been particularly
evident on the SRC Willow supply chain activities. State-of-the-art research facilities include the
High-Flux Solar Simulator and the Spectroscopic Goniometry System. DETI is committed to
developing a heat market, but this is subject to a suitable funding mechanism being established. A
report conducted by the Centre for Economics and Business Research (cebr) in 2007 concluded that
13% of NI's workforce are employed by businesses which trade through the Port or are based in the
Harbour Estate. Relations are good between NIRIG and the relevant Departments and meetings have
proven to be beneficial to both parties. Any confidentiality disclaimer that may be generated by your
organisation's IT system or included as a general statement in your fax cover sheet will be taken to
apply only to information in your response for which confidentiality has been specifically requested.
The draft framework is intended to be open and flexible in order to deal with emerging issues that
also require being included in this overarching marketing strategy. Examples for consideration could
include opportunities for 'clean energy cash-back' schemes for individuals and businesses who use
renewables derived (or low carbon) sources to generate heat or electricity. In addition, SME's could
base business cases on long term strategies, but still be able to lobby for local conditions to be taken
into consideration. Smart grids and smart meters would allow greater interaction permitting such
things as Demand Side Response (DSR). A number are being financially supported by the Carbon
Trust under the Marine Accelerator programme. However, organising such a change in diet and a
reduction of food would need to be controlled by a dietician expert, which would incur further
costs. In a similar way, we have lobbied for a marine management organisation (MMO) under
proposals for a Marine Bill in Northern Ireland, reflecting the position taken in Britain. BENI is
working with other organisations to achieve this, but lessons from elsewhere in Europe indicate that
Government has a critical role to play in stimulating private sector involvement; supporting
innovation; generating the confidence required to encourage the long term investment necessary and
showing strong and committed leadership to the concept, through sustained action over a long
timescale. In part this is probably because of a popular assumption that there is a lack of sunlight
here; in fact, direct sunlight is not the basis for solar power, but solar radiation of which Northern
Ireland has a good supply, although it will not be continuous. This results in much of NI farmland
being unsuitable for Willow production. In the United States, this fuel is now being produced from
soybean oil. Businesses in the renewable energy sector now face even more direct competition from
each other to secure work and for this reason, they tend to be less willing to communicate and share
information with each other unless it is of mutual benefit. With high levels of fuel poverty, any
incentive arrangements need to ensure that vulnerable customers (who are less likely to benefit from
small renewable incentives) would be protected. End users feel disadvantaged in comparison to Great
Britain and there is a sense that the only answer is a greater choice of energy suppliers. The support
to businesses is in the form of revenue grants, to develop new innovative technology which will
improve company competitiveness and benefit the NI economy. If there is an opening through the
rock to the surface, the hot underground water may seep out to form hot springs, or it may boil to
form geysers. DOE intend to consult on proposals for this Bill in 2010, with the aim of introducing a
draft Bill to the Northern Ireland Assembly in 2011. There is also major potential for off-shore wind
energy, energy from tidal sources and, to a smaller extent, gain energy from biomass and geothermal
sources. The Sustainable Development Strategy and Implementation Plan should provide the basis
for this communication but leaves much to be desired. Energy, including bioenergy, may present an
opportunity for future consideration by Matrix. Importantly, it should be recognised that this will
vary between technologies as well as regions. The Department is also considering economic impacts
and therefore will complete a regulatory impact assessment to assist in development of the Action
Plan. A multi agency Project Steering Group, led by DETI and involving DOE, NIEA, DARD,
AFBI, DCAL, DRD, the Crown Estate (as owners of the seabed) and the Maritime and Coastguard
Agency has overseen this work. The Sustainable Energy Inter-Departmental Working Group has
mapped how many government departments have some level of responsibility for the topic, and
some of the barriers to more joined-up government. However, restrictions have been introduced to
this practice under the Nitrates Directive to reduce and prevent water pollution. Hence, prior to
committing to a commercial development off the Antrim Coast, ESBI Ocean Energy is interested in
developing a pre-commercial tidal development at Strangford Lough. The energy conversion
efficiency of PV is only about 15%, even lower than that of wind power. (Youngquist 2000) Since a
lot of people living in areas without electricity to produce heat, the more invest on solar power has
been on the agenda of renewable energy development. There is much scope to develop new projects,
implement best practice from the EU in N.Ireland, and to co operate with our EU counter parts in the
dissemination of the results of cutting edge renewable projects and the transfer of knowledge.
Individuals and governments can work together to tackle this problem and so improve diet and
fitness. Table 4 shows that the UK lags behind 20 other countries, and taken individually, Wales,
Northern Ireland and England look even worse by comparison.
The rate of afforestation grant and annual forest premium available under these schemes depends on
the quality of the land, the type of tree species it can grow and the area of land planted. DOE is
represented on both the Bioenergy and Offshore Renewable Energy Groups and NIEA contributes
to the offshore renewable work and has been developing policy guidance for hydropower and
fishing projects. The results show that climate-based variability can have a significant impact on the
cost and performance of hybrid energy systems and should always be accounted for in the sizing
process. The biggest breakthrough of sunlight use in twentieth century is photovoltaic (PV), which
turns sunlight directly into electricity. We will continue to actively engage with stakeholders and
existing commercial businesses to ensure that other marine sectors and potential conflicts of interests
are taken into account throughout the implementation of the Plan. These companies subsequently
secured over ?0.8million in direct third party private sector investment thereby increasing jobs and
helping Northern Ireland to stimulate private sector investment in the low carbon economy. 3 new
applied research projects have just been approved for funding which will total over ?1.1million in the
next 3 years. This relationship could allow Government departments to gain inspiration and ideas
from Europe and give the EU the opportunity to learn more about how renewable energy is being
developed in Northern Ireland. TCE is currently evaluating these applications and would plan to
issue agreements for commercial leases in early 2010. This has the additional benefit of actively
engaging the public in renewable energy policy, albeit less directly than micro generation, through
segregating household waste. Unless both of these elements are adequately addressed then the
aspirational targets will not be met. It is unlikely that this situation could be improved in the short
term unless financial benefits were perceived to be gained from the interaction. This on a macro
scale means that there is stability within the sector in terms of employment and growth. Total energy-
related emissions, which were 9.9 Gt CO2 in 2004, have grown by 65% since 1971. In addition to
many comments about the lack of transparency and open competition for the cost for the actual
construction there is also the matter of the progress of the planning for said construction remaining
within remit of the network operator. Successful projects are provided with expert advice and
guidance as well as up to ?500,000 in capital support. Ireland, and to simplify the administrative
processes involved so that there was standardised administrative procedures. For more information
go to the Master Plan website ( ). Investors would receive more benefits by locating their renewable
energy plants in Britain than Northern Ireland and would not have to make significant culture
changes. Collectively these three regions can benefit from a tri-partite collaboration instead of
individually competing with each other within the renewable sphere. The Czec Republic has existing
nuclear capacity and envisages the involvement of its its indiginous nuclear supplier, Skoda JS in the
new nuclear building programmes. The following table shows the suggested next steps alongside
appropriate delivery partners. The development of these technologies must be carefully considered in
line with the requirements of the new system of marine spatial planning established as part of the
UK Marine and Coastal Access Act of 2009. ESB is also a shareholder in Marine Current Turbines
(MCT)). In response to the competitive call, 42 applications were received for wave and tidal
deployment and TCE in May 2009. However, one limiting factor in determining how many wind
farms actually built is the current capacity of the electricity grid. Obviously in Northern Ireland the
funding of such a scheme needs to be tailored to the ability of consumers to pay a levy. This could
be implemented in high school and could have a preventative effect on the younger generations
rather than a cure for the obese older generation. However, it is vital that the expansion of the willow
crop in Northern Ireland is not at the expense of environments already under threat, such as wet
grassland or bogs. Action Renewables delivers a large portfolio of programmes including: general
awareness raising; seminars; performance monitoring of technologies; research and evaluation and
policy development. If this is to succeed, we believe incentives must be given to our academics and
researchers to form partnerships with existing manufacturers, with a vision of the formation of spin
out companies encompassing new specialisms, such as materials substitution or low carbon
processes, based on the successful example of Andor Technologies.
A European funding information service should be offered to SMEs which would provide advice on
appropriate European funds, offer a project proposal writing service and training for local businesses
in writing professional and competitive proposals for the Framework 7 Programme. This means that
this information can often be of limited value as it is neither independent nor impartial. Energy
intensive sectors can obtain an 80% discount in exchange for meeting emission reduction targets.
Electricity producers and providers can also experience the many benefits accruing from
development and supply of renewable energy. The Utility Regulator plans to consult on this issue in
the autumn and this will provide an opportunity for further consideration of the potential for
improving the way in which connection pricing is structured for small-scale renewable energy
generators. Accelerators for Biomass Heat and Offshore Wind technologies are also available to local
businesses. Biomass is a more versatile source and easier to store. The activities in which Invest NI is
engaged include. As such therefore we see the DARD role as not being to directly support the
development of a commercial market but rather to assist the land based sector to participate in that
market. On completion of the SEA of DECC's proposals to develop 25GW through nine zones in GB
waters and the Renewable Energy Zone, TCE is now proceeding with a Round 3 offshore wind
development. As a storage medium, it may be a significant factor in using renewable energies.
Financial support systems should also be easy for both the administrative authority and the end-user.
Having regard to the stage of development of technologies DETI expect that the target will be
mostly achieved by wind power. Water can be collected behind a dam at high tide, held for a few
hours after the tide changes, and then released. This sector had an estimated combined annual gross
turnover in 2007 of ?69.3m with GB market representing 40% of production, home market 24% and
the remainder in other EU countries. Further work is recommended to assess this potential in more
detail. Key issues for consideration will include technology and infrastructure, environment and
planning, regulation, finance, construction and deployment. There are clear benefits for the range of
public sector organisations currently working in the marketplace to use the same marketing agency
not least of which include economies of scale, added value and better timing of campaigns. The
major benefit of using biomass as a fuel is that it greatly reduces emissions of greenhouse gases,
especially contributes a lot to the reduction of carbon dioxide which is the key factor of global
warming. (Chinese Academy of Science Staff 2000, p. 53) Biomass also brings good news to
farmers. This includes the opportunity to visit SRC willow crops and processing facilities, as well as
renewable heating systems already in operation using locally grown woodchip fuel. The definition of
small-scale generation is less precise, but while GB has defined it as under 5MW for the purposes of
their feed-in tariff, it is likely that the limit would be considered to be lower in Northern Ireland
where 5MW would represent a substantial installation. Use of domestic energy accounts for a large
proportion of Northern Ireland's use of fossil fuels - existing households are directly responsible for
31% of N.I's carbon emission. Some 75% of houses that will be lived in by 2050 are already built, if
the government wants to achieve its ambitious climate change targets emissions from existing homes
is a matter of priority. The majority of these grants are aimed at proving individual technology. The
pros of fully converting to using solely renewables outweighs the cons and pros of nonrenewable
resources. A wide range of renewable energy schemes are incorporated into the infrastructure of the
site providing facilities for an extensive research programme into aspects of renewable energy
relevant to the agriculture industry including biomass heating and district heating system, an AD
facility and ongoing evaluation of Short Rotation Coppice from research through to commercial
development stages. Further new windfarms with a capacity totalling 291MW have been promised
connection to the grid; again this will be largely located in the West. In addition, the ROI has
recently commenced an SEA of offshore renewable energy within its waters. On average, the loss of
ash could have an effect on epiphyte assemblages comparable in magnitude to that of climate change
under a 2080s high emissions scenario. 3. In general, tree disease impacts can be mitigated by
increasing the diversity of substitute tree species within a stand, to generate complementarity among
epiphyte communities. As outlined above at 5, if a company or group of companies wishes to
develop manufacturing or supply chain opportunities in this area, Invest NI will facilitate this.
Uranium ore, a solid, is mined and converted to a fuel used at nuclear power plants.