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Relative Clauses

Exercise 1: Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào mỗi câu sau.
1. She is talking about the author ________book is one of the best-sellers this
year.
A. which B. whose C. that D. who

2. He bought all the books __________are needed for the next exam.
A. which B. what C. those D. who

3. The children, __________parents are famous teachers, are taught well.


A. that B. whom C. whose D. their

4. Do you know the boy ________we met at the party last week?
A. which B. whose C. who is D. whom

5. The exercises which we are doing ________very easy.


A. is B. has been C. are D. was

6. The man _______next to me kept talking during the film, _______really


annoyed me.
A. having sat / that B. sitting / which
C. to sit / what D. sitting / who

7. Was Neil Armstrong the first person ________foot on the moon?


A. set B. setting C. to set D. who was set

8. This is the village in ________my family and I have lived for over 20 years.

A. which B. that C. whom D. where

9. My mother, ________everyone admires, is a famous teacher.


A. where B. whom C. which D. whose

10. The old building __________is in front of my house fell down.


A. of which B. which C. whose D. whom

Exercise 2: Mỗi câu sau chứa một lỗi sai. Tìm và sửa chúng.
1. She is the most beautiful girl whose I have ever met.

2. She can’t speak English, whom is a disadvantage.

3. The policeman must try to catch those people whom drive dangerously.

4. The person about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.

5. Mother's Day is the day where children show their love to their mother.

6. Do you know the reason when we should learn English?

7. The woman who she told me the news was not a native citizen here.

8. New Year Day is the day where my family members gather and enjoy it
together.

Exercise 3: Viết lại những câu sau có sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ.
1. The house has been built in the forest. It doesn’t have electricity.

⇒ _____________________________________________________________.

2. Do you know the man? He is coming towards us.

⇒ _____________________________________________________________.
3. I sent my parents some postcards. They were not so expensive.

⇒ _____________________________________________________________.

4. I come from a city. The city is located by the sea.

⇒ _____________________________________________________________.

5. The soup was so delicious. I had it for lunch.

⇒ _____________________________________________________________.

Participle Clauses

1. Định nghĩa
Mệnh đề phân từ (participle clause) là mệnh đề trạng ngữ:
- Bắt đầu bằng hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) hoặc quá khứ phân từ (V-ed)
- Được sử dụng nhằm cung cấp thông tin về thời gian, nguyên nhân, kết
quả
- Giúp câu trở nên ngắn gọn, ít phức tạp hơn
- Mệnh đề phân từ thường được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bởi dấu phẩy
- Mệnh đề phân từ có thể được đặt ở đầu câu, giữa câu hoặc cuối câu
Thông thường, mệnh đề phân từ thường trang trọng và mang tính học thuật cao
nên chủ yếu được sử dụng trong văn viết.

Ví dụ:
Invented in 1879 by Thomas Edison, the incandescent light bulb remains a
great human invention until now.
Feeling tired with work, Lan decided to take a week off work to travel

2. Phân loại
Trong tiếng Anh, mệnh đề phân từ bao gồm 3 loại:
- Mệnh đề phân từ hiện tại (Present participle): Thường được sử dụng với
cấu trúc V-ing.
- Mệnh đề phân từ quá khứ (Past participle): Thường mang nghĩa bị động, sử
dụng với cấu trúc V-ed/Irregular Verb.
- Mệnh đề phân từ hoàn thành (Perfect participle): Sử dụng với cấu trúc
have (been) + V3
Ví dụ: Having prepared well last night, I still didn't finish my interview well.
3. Cách sử dụng

a. Mệnh đề phân từ hiện tại - Present participle

S + V + O, V-ing + …

- Diễn tả kết quả của một hành động trước đó.


Ví dụ:
Linh has won 5 gold medals in the city level math competition, making him
and his family very proud.
Starting school in June, but I had everything prepared long before that.

- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra đồng thời, song song với hành động
khác.
Ví dụ:
Taking a shower, I heard someone's phone ring.
My brother left the room, singing happily.

- Được sử dụng khi một hành động là nguyên nhân của một hành động kia.
Ví dụ:
Studying English better, I would have gotten a good job.
When my mother entered the room, they all looked at her, making her
uncomfortable.

- Ngoài ra, mệnh đề phân từ hiện tại còn được sử dụng như một mệnh đề
quan hệ rút gọn (thể chủ động) nhằm bổ sung thêm thông tin cho người
nghe.
Ví dụ:
The man who was sitting under the tree was my best friend. ⇒ The man sitting
under the tree was my best friend.
The girl who is playing basketball over there is my sister. ⇒ The girl playing
basketball over there is my sister
b. Mệnh đề phân từ quá khứ - Past participle

V-ed + …, S + V + O

- Được sử dụng khi mệnh đề/động từ mang nghĩa bị động


Ví dụ:
Influenced by an unhappy childhood, many people grow up with a fear of
safety.
Bitten by a neighbor's dog, Tam was hospitalized soon after.

- Dùng để bổ sung thông tin cho chủ thể ở trong câu bị động, có thể ở đầu
câu, hoặc đứng ngay sau chủ thể.
Ví dụ:
Accepted into the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, we will start a new
semester next week.
Awarded a university degree is an honor for every student.

- Ngoài ra, mệnh đề phân từ quá khứ còn được dùng như là một giả thuyết
trong câu điều kiện.
Ví dụ:
Trained properly, Huy will definitely become a talent for the company.
Went to the movies with everyone last night, I would have met you.

c. Mệnh đề phân từ hoàn thành - Perfect participle

Having + V-pII/been + V-pII + …, S + V-ed + O

- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động, sự việc hoàn thành trước một sự việc,
hành động chính ở trong câu.
Ví dụ:
Having done all the housework, Lan was still scolded by her mother for
coming home late.
Having worked continuously for 24 hours, Linh feels tired and sleepy.
- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động diễn ra vào một khoảng thời gian nhất
định trước khi hành động, sự việc chính bắt đầu.
Ví dụ:
Having stayed up late to take care of his mother for 3 days, he started to feel
tired.
Having finished my homework, I walked downstairs to go to the restaurant.

4. Lưu ý
Ngoài cách sử dụng các mệnh đề phân từ ở trên, khi sử dụng cấu trúc này thì nạn
cần lưu ý những điều dưới đây:

- Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề phân từ và mệnh đề chính là như nhau.

Ví dụ: Opening the window, I discovered that the milkweed tree had bloomed
with a sweet fragrance.
= I opened the window, I discovered that the milkweed tree had bloomed with a
sweet fragrance.

- Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính có thể khác với chủ ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ:
Trong một số trường hợp của văn trang trọng thì chủ ngữ của mệnh đề
phân từ và mệnh đề chính là khác nhau. Tuy nhiên, lúc này chủ ngữ của
mệnh đề phân từ sẽ là một đại từ hoặc bao gồm đại từ.
Ví dụ: Driving at too fast a speed, a serious accident happened right at Thong
Nhat park.

- “Not” thường được sử dụng trước mệnh đề phân từ.


Ví dụ: Not wanting to go to school tomorrow, Linh pretended to be sick to get
a day off.
5. Phân biệt tính từ đuôi -ed và -ing

Adj đuôi - ing Adj đuôi -ed


Dùng để miêu tả về tính chất, đặc Dùng để diễn tả cảm xúc hoặc nhận
trưng của người, sự vật, hiện tượng xét của người hoặc vật về một sự vật,
hiện tượng, sự việc
The film is very interesting. I’m interested in the film.
Bài 1: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. My mother was disappointing/disappointed with the film. She had expected it


to be better.

2. Is she interesting/interested in baseball?

3. The baseball match was very exciting/excited. My class enjoyed it.

4. It's sometimes embarrassing/embarrassed when I have to ask my friend for


money.

5. Does she easily get embarrassing/embarrassed?

6. My sister had never expected to get the job. She was really amazing/amazed
when she was offered it.

7. My bestfriend has really learnt English very fast. He has made


astonishing/astonished progress.

8. Linh didn't find the situation funny. Linh was not amusing/amused.

9. It was a really terrifying/terrified experience. Afterwards everybody was very


shocking/shocked.

10. Why does she always look so boring/bored? Is her life really so
boring/bored?

Bài 2:

1. …………….. my work, I went home.

A. Finishing B. Having finished

C. Had finished D. Had finished

2. The boy ……………. behind the man is naughty.

A. stands B. stood C. is standing D. standing

3. ……………. my farm work, I returned home.

A. Finishing B. Finish C. Having finished D. Being finished


4. ……………. by the visitor, the clavichord could not be used.

A. Broken B. Break C. Breaking D. Broke

5. After ……………. lunch, my family watch television

A. eat B. eating C. eaten D. ate

6. When ……………. in international trade, letters of credit are convenient.

A. used B. are used C. using D. they used

7. My mother swam to the shore ……………. the night in the water.

A. having spent B. having spending C. when spending D. had spent

8. He believes here is somebody ……………. on the door.

A. to knock B. knock C. knocked D. knocking

9. The man ……………. in blue is my uncle.

A. dressed B. dressing C. is dressing D. in dress

10. ……………. from what she say, she are innocent.

A. To judge B. Judging C. Judge D. To be judged

11. ……………. her to the job, he felt calm.

A. Appointed B. Appoint C. Having appointed D. To appoint

12. ……………. so much, the book is still on the shelf.

A. Cost B. Costs C. To cost D. Costing

13. ……………. at by everyone, I was very disappointed.

A. Laughed B. Laugh C. Laughing D. In laugh

14. ……………. anxious to please everyone, I told us all I wanted to know.

A. Be B. To be C. Being D. In being

15. ……………. the room, my father was no longer there.

A. Entering B. When we entered C. On entering D. Having entered


Reported Speech
Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu Reported Speech theo đề bài cho sẵn
1. “If the weather is fine, I will go to the beach with my friends,” she said.

.................................................................................................................................

2. “What would you do if you had one day off ?” I asked her.

.................................................................................................................................

3. “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Harry,” Tom
said.

.................................................................................................................................

4. “I’m sure he will help you if you ask him.” she told me.

.................................................................................................................................

5. “If today were Monday, we would go to school,” my friend said to me.

.................................................................................................................................

6. She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her my address.”

.................................................................................................................................

7. “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came,” they said.

.................................................................................................................................

8. “You will be surprised if you meet her,” Ann said to Clara.

.................................................................................................................................

Bài 2: Chuyển các câu sau về các cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong Tiếng Anh
1. "If I have time, I will visit you tomorrow," she said.


______________________________________________________________.

2. "Would you like to join us for dinner?" they asked.


______________________________________________________________.
3. "Be careful! The road is slippery," the sign said.


______________________________________________________________.

4. "Please, lend me some money," he said.


______________________________________________________________.

5. "You did a great job on the presentation," the manager praised.


______________________________________________________________.

6. "Let me help you with your luggage," he offered.


______________________________________________________________.

7. "I broke the vase," she admitted.


______________________________________________________________.

8. "Let's go to the movies tonight," he suggested.


______________________________________________________________.

9. "You broke the window," she accused.


______________________________________________________________.

10. "Don't forget to call me later," he reminded me.


______________________________________________________________.

Reporting Verbs

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