Review Notes 3

 1 Rigging of the pilot ladder & embarkation/disembarkation of a pilot should be supervise by

who?
A responsible officer

 How often should operational checks on navigation equipment be done?

Regularly, when preparing for sea & entering port.

 If possible a vessel’s position should be plotted by bearings of:

Fixed known objects on the shore

 Can RNC charts be used for voyage planning?

Only in conjunction with paper charts

 Can voyage planning be executed on ECDIS ?

Only if approved by the flag state

 What is important to check when transferring a position from GPS to a chart?

Ensure that the chart and the GPS use same datum

 When steering by autopilot, how often should manual steering be checked?

At least once a watch

 Should recommended route information be used in conjunction with weather routing?

The answer is YES

 When using a buoy as an aid to navigation, what do we always need to consider?

The buoy may not be in its charted position

 When taking a compass error by amplitude in the higher latitudes when is the best time to take
the bearing?
The best time is to calculate the time of the sunset and then take the bearing

 In celestial navigation the angle measured westward from the first point of Aries to the hour
circle of the body along the celestial equator is known as what?
Sidereal hour angle

 What kind of information can be achieved from a NAVTEX?

Navigational warning

 What is a RSC (rescue sub-center)?

A unit subordinate to a rescue coordinating center.

 When will we notice the effect of shallow water?

When under keel clearance is 50% or less

 You are to turn your vessel in a narrow canal by use of two tugs with the same power. The wind
varies in the range moderate/strong. Where/how would you use the tugs?
Pushing, made fast in the vessel
  A ship is not turning around the center of gravity, but another point. What is the point called?
Pivot point

 You are about to pass another ship in a close situation. What can happen in this situation?
Due to suction, the two ships will be sucked together

 Overshoot is an expression we use when talking about a ship’s steering ability. What is the best
way to determine how the overshoot is on your ship?
Do a 20/20 degrees zig-zag maneuver

 What is the correct definition of a bollard?

A remedy which the mooring lines are made fast

 What is the correct definition of boat deck?

The deck for the lifeboats.

 You are approaching a port when you see three flashing red lights in a vertical line at the
entrance. What does this indicate?
Serious emergency – all vessels to stop or divert according to instructions

 What is the fog signal for a vessel which is engaged in towing?

One long blast followed by two short blasts at intervals of not more than two minutes.

 What is the fog signal for vessel of more than 100 meters in length when at anchor?
a rapid ringing of the bell forward followed by the gong aft for about 5 seconds at intervals of not more
than 1 minute.

 What is the fog signal for a vessel which is not under command?
One prolonged blast followed by two short blasts at intervals of not more than two minutes.

 It is a force directly acting the earth while spinning around the sun causing the equator to bulge
on both sides.
Centrifugal force

 How true is the oblate spheroid in relation to the actual shape of the earth?
The earth’s rotation is causing the shifting of its mass from both poles directly towards the equator

 Which part of the ship will visually disappear first as the earth is being an oblate spheroid?
The hull

 What is your ship’s longitude right after in position 180 ̊East?

179 ̊ W

 The parallels of latitude in the Northern and Southern hemisphere is define as.
Small circle
  How many degrees of longitude does the ship’s clock will be adjusted either advance or retard
one hour to conform with the zone time of a place she is presently navigating?
15 ̊
̊
 When can you say that it is a great circle on the surface of the sphere?
When the plane passes through the center of the earth

 What type of chart does a rhumb line is projected as a straight compass course steered by a
vessel?
Mercator chart

 It runs between the two geographical poles.

Meridians

 What is your ship’s longitude after 180 ̊W?

179 ̊ E

 The 7.5 ᵀʱ meridian is also called

The central meridian

 What is your ship’s heading after departing at latitude 09 ̊ N arriving at latitude 02 ̊N?
South

 Navigation is a science when?

Understanding all the terminologies in navigation

 How can you justify the concept of navigation as an art?

By creating a route plan to destination

 What is a North Pole?

The end of the earth's axis of rotation, marking the northernmost point on the earth

 What is a South Pole?

It is the precise point of the southern intersection of the Earth's axis and the Earth's surface.

 What are Poles mean?

Either extremity of an axis of a sphere and especially of the earth's axis.

 What is Prime meridian?

The earth's zero of longitude, which by convention passes through Greenwich, England. noun: the prime
meridian

 What is equator?
An imaginary line drawn around the earth equally distant from both poles, dividing the earth into
northern and southern hemispheres and constituting the parallel of latitude 0°.
 What is Great circle?
 A circle on the surface of a sphere which lies in a plane passing through the sphere's center. As it
represents the shortest distance between any two points on a sphere, a great circle of the earth is the
preferred route taken by a ship or aircraft.

 What is a Small circle?

A circle formed on the surface of a sphere by the intersection of a plane that does not pass through the
center of the sphere specifically

 What is Latitude?
The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or of a celestial object north or south
of the celestial equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

 What is Longitude?
The angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England, or west of the
standard meridian of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

 What is Meridian?
A circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial
poles.

 What is a Rhumb line?

An imaginary line on the earth's surface cutting all meridians at the same angle, used as the standard
method of plotting a ship's course on a chart.

 What is Difference of Latitude?

The difference between the parallels of latitude of any two places expressed in miles of the equator.

 What is Difference of Longitude?

The distance between any two places on the same meridian

 What is the maximum Latitude in the North and South?

Lines of latitude start at 0 degrees at the equator and end at 90 degrees at the North and South Poles
(for a total to 180 degrees of latitude). Therefore, the higher the value of degree of latitude, the closer it is
to the North or South Pole.

 What is the maximum Longitude East and West?

Lines of longitude (meridians) running north-south around the globe measure distances EAST and
WEST of the Prime Meridian. Directly on the opposite side of the earth from the prime meridian is
located the 180 meridian. This is the highest longitude possible.

 What is International Date Line?

The date line, also called the International Date Line, is a boundary from which each calendar day
starts. Areas to the west of the date line are one calendar day ahead of areas to the east. The date line runs
from the North Pole to the South Pole through the Pacific Ocean.

 What is meant by the 180th meridian?

 The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the Prime Meridian, with
which it forms a great circle dividing the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

 Define Time zones

A range of longitudes where a common standard time is used.

 How many time zones do we have?

The world is divided into 24 time zones

 UTC means
Co-ordinated Universal Time or Universal Time Coordinated

 What is zone Description?

The number, with its sign, that must be added to or subtracted from the zone time to obtain the
Greenwich Mean Time; the zone description is usually a whole number of hours.

 What is Zone Time?

standard time applied at sea in which the surface of the globe is divided into 24 zones of 15° or one
hour each, the 0 zone extends 7¹/₂° east and west of the meridian of Greenwich, and the zones are
designated by the number of hours that must be applied to the local time to obtain Greenwich Mean Time.

 What is Local Mean Time?

Local mean time is a form of solar time that corrects the variations of local apparent time, forming
a uniform time scale at a specific longitude.

 What is Greenwich Mean Time?

Greenwich Mean Time is the yearly average (or 'mean') of the time each day when the Sun crosses the
Prime Meridian at the Royal Observatory Greenwich.

 What is a Nautical Almanac?

The Nautical Almanac includes: Tabulations of the Sun, Moon, navigational planets and stars to help
determine positions at sea when using a sextant. Times of sunrise, sunset, twilights, moonrise and
moonset, phases of the Moon and eclipses of the Sun and Moon to help bridge crews plan observations.

 What is a nautical chart?

A nautical chart is one of the most fundamental tools available to the mariner. It is a map that depicts the
configuration of the shoreline and seafloor. It provides water depths, locations of dangers to navigation,
locations and characteristics of aids to navigation, anchorages, and other features.

 What is the range of a Harbor chart?

The scale of a harbor chart is typically 1:10 000. A chart that provides a lot of detail for a small area is a
large scale chart. A chart that covers a vast area and provides little detail is a small scale chart.

 What is the range of a sailing chart?

A coastal chart usually has a scale of between 1:50 000 to 1:150 000.
  What is a General chart?
A nautical chart intended for offshore coastwise navigation, using scales ranging from about 1:100,000
to 1:600,000, which are smaller than those of a coast chart, but larger than those of a sailing chart.

 What is a small scale chart?

Small scale charts shows overall details such as light vessels, light floats, lanbys, territorial waters and
land separating adjoining countries, obstructions, shoals, reefs, buoys and fog signals

 What is a large scale chart?

Large scale charts are broader in terms of details and provide a much extensive representation of an
area depicting the features, landmarks, harbors, and coastlines along with other important
details. ... These charts also named as Foreign Charts are managed and kept updated using similar system
to the Admiralty.

 What is a pilot chart?

The charts are intended to aid the navigator in selecting the fastest and safest routes with regards
to the expected weather and ocean conditions

Pilot Charts depict averages in prevailing winds and currents, air and sea temperatures, wave heights,
ice limits, visibility, barometric pressure, and weather conditions at different times of the year.