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Well Control IWCF Course
Well Control IWCF Course
PRESSURE
ABNORMAL
PRESSURE
SUBNORMAL
PRESSURE
Example:
What is mean by abnormal pressure related to the fluid pressure in the formation?
A. The excess pressure due to circulation mud at high rate.
B. The excess pressure that need to be applied to cause leak off in to normally formation
C. The formation fluid pressure that exceed formation water hydrostatic pressure.
Answer is C
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
OVERBALANCE VS UNDERBALANCE
0 psi
0 SPM
Static – Bottom – Hole Pressure:
MUD WT = 10 ppg
MW x 0.052 x TVD
10 x 0.052 x10,000 = 5,200psi. 0 psi
10,000 ft TVD
0 psi
5200 psi
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
MUD SYSTEM PRESSURE LOSSES
2600 psi
2500 psi
Dynamic 0 psi
(400 psi)
Annular
(300 psi)
Pressure 2100 psi
(500 psi)
Losses 1600 psi
(1300 psi)
300 psi
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
MUD SYSTEM PRESSURE LOSSES
2600 psi
Gauge on bottom of hole: 2500 psi
80 SPM
(100 psi)
Static + Dynamic MUD WT = 10 ppg
0 psi
(400 psi)
10,000 ft TVD
5200 + 300 = 5500 psi
(300 psi)
2100 psi
(500 psi)
Increase is caused by the Annular
Pressure Losses (APL) acting down
1600 psi
on the bottom of the well. (1300 psi)
5500 psi
The APL while circulating has the same effect on bottom hole pressure as
increasing the mud weight.
This theoretical increase in mud weight + the original mud weight is called
the Equivalent Circulating Density or Equivalent Mud Weight.
APLpsi
Original Mud Weight ppg
TVDft 0.052
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
EFFECTS ON PUMP PRESSURE
2
100
P2 psi 2600 4063 psi
80
Formula No: 10
New pump pressure= 1850 * 10 / 9.68 =1911 Psi
Closed-End-Displacement
Answer
93*0.00083 = 0.77 bbls
Example:
Drill pipe capacity 0.01776 bbls / ft
Drill pipe metal displacement 0.0083 bbls / ft
Average stand length 93 feet
Calculate the mud required to fill the hole per stand when pulling Wet
Answer
93*(0.01776+00083) = 2.4 bbls
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
PUMPING HEAVY SLUG
1100
1000
900
800
* *
700 * *
S
* *
600 H
* O
500 E
*
400 * P
* R
300 E
*
S
200 * V S
* O U
100 L R
* U E
M
E Ph Max
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pshoe
720 psi
+
9.6 1498 psi
3,000’ ppg
2217
psi
MADFD= 2218
= 14.2ppg Formula # 17:
3000 x 0.052
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
FORMATION INTEGRITY TEST
(FIT)
PSI PSI
Ph MAASP
DOWN
DOWN
= =
MAASP
UP
Ph
UP
Well shut in - stabilised Gas migrates - SIDPP increases Bleed mud through choke, allowing
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved gas to expand, keeping SIDPP at
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020 original value
GAS EXPANSION
16 32
8
6 bbl T
5000 gas
E
C
T NO EXPANSION
D
E I
P
T
O
H N
10000 03 bbl 1400
Copyright -2020 STC. All rights reserved 03 bbl 1400
IWCF_P&P_L3&4_PPT_HA_rev02_09Dec2020
Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg Warning signs
Tell you Underbalance
63
Warning Signs
Mud Weight 10.0 ppg
64