Music Tutor

Elements of Music: 1
The Staff
The musical staff is made up of five lines and four

spaces. Lines and spaces are both numbered from
low to high.
1. Practiee drawing two staffs by connecting the dots. Use

a ruler to help draw straight lines.
2. On the first staff: number the lines from low to high.
3. On the second staff, number the spaces from low to high.
4. Draw a note on each line of the staff below. 5. Draw a note on each space of the staff below.
—
—
ex
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The Staff - High and Low
Notes that are higher on the staff have a higher o

sound or pitch. T
/ -----------
This note sounds higher than this note.
1. Draw a note on the indicated line or space, then circle the highest note you drew on t
---- (F-
1 <
\J _____
o
๘7
Space 1 Space 4 Line 3 Line 4 Space 1 Space 3 Line 2
2. Draw a note on the indicated line or space, then circle the lowest note you drew on the staff.
----- ----
/w
1
_____
O' ๘^
Line 5 Space 3 Space 1 Space 4 Line 3 Line 2 Space 2
---------O ------
---- ______
_____
5. By using H (higher) and L (lower) indicate wheather the first note of each pair sounds
higher or lower than the second note.
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The Staff - Treble Clef
O----
IL L L
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The Staff - Treble Clef
A clef appears at the beginning of each

staff. The clef shown here is a treble clef.
---------- ... —o
o-” <>
Each note on the treble clef staff has a
letter name.
1. Practice drawing the treble clef sign by tracing over EFGABCDEF
the guidelines. Draw five more in the remaining space.
2. Draw a treble clef at the beginning of the staff and write the letter name of each note.
3. Draw the treble clef at the beginning of the staff and then draw the notes indicated.
Tf a note can be drawn in more than one place on the staff, choose which one you want to draw.
๔5
— — ____ — _______
1
G-X ___
--- F D B A F D G
□ A C ---
4. Draw the treble clef at the beginning of the staff.
5. Draw the treble clef at the beginning of the staff.

Write the
(Write theletter
lettername
namefor
foreach
eachnote,
note,then
thencircle
circlethe
thelower
lowernote
noteinineach
eachpair.
pair.

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The Staff - Bass Clef

A clef appears at the beginning of each
staff. The clef shown here is a bass clef.
Each note on the bass clef staff has a letter

name.
GABCDEFGA
1. Practice drawing the bass clef sign by tracing over the guidelines. Draw five more in the remaining space.
,<r、l0 .<"、'o ( \*
rc 、' !o |o /*
-------y----------j-----------/-----------------v— // J /
2. Draw a bass clef at the beginning of the staff and write the letter name of each note.
----0 —o
-------
/
IT T5
€> ________
E E A 4 £ ๕ ๕ G
3. Draw the bass clef at the beginning of the staff and then draw the notes indicated.
If a note can be drawn in more than one place on the staff, choose which one you want to draw.
__
<A■ /O ________
๔?
()■ z-1 ------
๘2
_ ,,,,,,,
๔ 7M — —I
C A ED F G B
4. Draw the bass elef at the beginning of the staff.
5. Draw the bass clef at the begimiing of the staff.

Write the letter name for each note, then circle the lower note in each pair.
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may not be sold or included in any materials offered for sale to the general public.
Treble Clef - Ledger Lines

Ledger lines can be used to extend the upper and lower
ranges of a staff.
This example includes notes which can be written

above and below the treble elef using ledger lines.
2. Draw a treble clef at the beginning of the staff and write the letter name of each note.
3. Draw the indicated notes. Use ledger lines to di'aw the specified number of pitches without duplication.

Bass Clef - Ledger Lines

Ledger lines can be used to extend the upper and lower
ranges of a staff.
This example includes notes which can be written above

and below the bass clef using ledger lines.
3. Draw the indicated notes. Use ledger lines to draw the specified number of pitches without duplication.
Example o -Z2
O
3 Cs 2 As
2 Bs
—-g
2 Gs

The Grand Staff

The grand staff is created by joining the treble staff and the bass staff with a brace and bar line.
1. Practice creating the grand staff by tracing the braces, bar lines, and clefs.
2. Using the staffs below, create four grand staffs by adding braces, bar lines, and clefs.
3. Write the letter name for each note.

Time Signatures
Time signatures appear at the The top number indicates the number of beats per measure. The
beginning of a piece of music
music. They are made up of two bottom number indicates which note will get one beat.
numbers.
A quarter note ( J ) = 1 beat A
In time there are four beats in each measure. half note (J ) 2 beats
A whole note ( o) - 4 beats
1. Clap the rhytlim while couiitiiig the beats out loud.
2. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud.
3. Write a time signature after the clef sign.

Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud.
4. Write a 4 time signature after the clef sign.

Write in the count below the notes. Draw the
missing bar lines.
J—1.
A----------------------
----9~—--------- 9~(D &
5—
*■ a
— 1
OJ
-------- 2
2 L
3 )elo
X
.
-
1
L4 d
missing
1z 3 4 L 4 i
i s and th
w th ba rlin
5. Write in e ou n e
ac es.
t c nt e ot
e
-------------0 '
- J J'
Lm ±2 AA ±114 ±234 ±234
g - a
L

Rests
Rests are used in music to indicate silence.
A quarter rest ( J) 1 beat

A half rest ( ▲ ) = 2 beats
A whole rest (---)- 4 beats
1. Practice drawing quarter rests by tracing over the outlines.
3. Draw one whole rest in each blank measure.

▼-------------------
1» j-------------------EB
4. Write the count below the rests.
MM " "" MM
12 3 4
5. Write the count below the notes and rests, then clap and count the rhythm ont loud.
12 3 4
6. Write the count below the notes and rests, then add the missing bar lines.

Notes and Rests

A = 1 beat A half note (J) - 2 beats A whole note (<>) = 4
Complete these exercises.
quarter beats
Make sure each measure contains four beats.
note ( J) A quarter rest ( J ) = 1 beat A half rest ( ▲ ) = 2 beats A
whole rest ( -^-) = 4 beats
2. This song is missing bar lines. Fill in the missing barlines

------
9
4—
-/ 1““g , aJ
----i =|
3. Some of the measures in this song are missing a rest. Complete each measure by adding the appropriate rest.
Remember, some measures are complete.
1
9 V A 0 0 <»
f ------- u
---------------- — p—— -------------p I J
4. Fill in the missing rests. Some measures are missing more than one rest.
I Each measure in the next two exercises is missing one rest. Complete each measure by adding the appropriate rest.

Stems
Stems are used to help determine what rhythmic It is important to draw stems on the proper side of the notehead
value a note will have. By adding a stem to an and draw them in the proper direction. Notes that appear on or
open notehead you change the value of the note above the middle staff line have downward stems drawn on the
from a whole note to a half note left side of the notehead. Notes that appear below the middle
staff line have upward stems drawn on the right side of the
notehead.
1. Practice drawing stems by adding the proper stem to each notehead.
2. Practice drawing stems by adding the proper stem to each notehead.
6. Some of these notes are missing stems. Add stems where needed. Make
sure that each measure has four beats.

Time Signatures -
—In time there are three beats in each measure. -The
quarter note gets one beat. A quarter note (」)=1 beat A half
Rhythmic values note (J) = 2 beats A dotted half note
(J.) = 3 beats
J. 3 beats
The dotted half note gets three beats.
1. Clap the rhytlim while counting the beats out loud.
1 2 3 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
2. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud.
LU
3. Write a ® time signature after the clef sign.
Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhytlim while counting the beats out loud.
cd— --------------------s ------ 9 o _______________
& » ±at
f~3 C* * J
Lis, ± z a r 2 a h 2. a ± a
4. Write a 4 time signature after the clef sign. Write in the count below the notes. Draw the missing bar lines.

Eighth Notes
The rhythmic value of aii eighth notes is one half of a beat. Use a plus sign (+) when writing the count for eighth
Eighth notes may be written with a flag or a beam. If an notes.
eighth note appears by itself, it will have a flag. If two or
more eight notes appear in a row, they will often be beamed
together.
flag
eighth 1+2 + 3 + 4 +
notes spoken: one and two and three and four and
1. Clap the rhythm while counting out loud.
1+2+3 4 1+2+3 4
2. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting out loud.
2-3 + 4 _ + Z±
5. Write in the count below the notes and then add the missing barlines.
r — 1
n
* lir 1
-V \ 4, — 1
\234+1I34 A 3.
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Copies may not be sold or included in any materials offered for sale to the general puhlic.
Time Signatures -
—In time there are two beats in each measure. —The
quarter note gets one heat.
An eighth note ( J1) = 1/2 beat A
Rhythmic values quarter note (J ) = 1 beat A half
note (J) = 2 beats
1. Clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud.
12 +2+12
2. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhytlim while coimting the beats out loud.
o &• 9 O
-F ;
3. Write a 4 time signature after the clef sign.
1 2, ±
1 2 1 [
2
Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud.
4. Write a 4 time signature after the clef sign. Write in the count below the notes. Draw the missing bar lines.
5. Write in the count below the notes and add the missing barlines.

Eighth Notes and Eighth Rests

The rhythmic value of an eighth rest is one half of a Use a plus sign (+) when writing the count for
beat. eighth notes and eighth rests.
An eighth rest (,) = 1/2 beat

、7 、 7
An eighth note (?) i/2 beat 9 0 9 • •
1 +2 + 4 +
3
spoken: one and two and three four and
1 + 2 + 3 4 3 + 4 1 2 3+4+ 1+2 + 3 4
3. Write the count below the notes and then elap the rhytlim while counting out loud.
±2±X
4. Some eighth notes are missing their flags or beams. Draw the missing flags and beams.
5. Write in the count below the notes and then add the missing barlines.
6. Some eighth notes are missing their flags or beams. Draw the missing flags and beams.
may not be sold or included in any materials offered for sale Lo the general public.
Intervals I
In music, an interval is the distance between two notes.
A melodic interval is the distance between two notes shich are played one at a time. A harmonic interval is the distance
between two notes which are played at the same time.
Harmonic Intervals
® ff- n 0 GUI
L 7fR
—7—K—
“1
i'i -
5th < 1 /in
4tll <»」 ................
The interval between two The interval of an

identical notes is called a eighth is called an
unison. octave.
octave---------’
(8th)
1. Identity the following intervals as melodic (M) or harmonic (H).
unison
3. Name these harmonic intervals.

-----------------------------------0 O
cP = ----------------------------------- ---------------------
)}{------------- —0 0
4. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.

Uni50K 4^ *
k
J
o
5th 3rd unison octave 2nd
5. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.
——w ---------- ~75

---------------------
“CD
---------------------
________ r-o
<\
— ~Cf .-
0---------- — 00 LO
5th 4th 6th unison octave

Intervals II
Use this chart to help complete the exercises below.
-----jy
—|
—1
unison
................. "1 4th 5th 6th 7 th
— —
yA ® ◊!
;----------- 2|
--------
IAVIISOK ~7
3. Name these intervals.
a
4. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note,
-6^4 ---------------------- —g C?
-/' 4 <>0 —e —«
--------------------------
unison 2nd 3rd ---------------- ----------------
octave

Intervals III
1.

Time Signatures -
—In § time there are six beats in each measure. -The eighth A sixteenth note (J^) 1/2 beat
note gets one beat. An eighth note ( J) = i beat A quarter
Rhythmic values note (」):2 beats A dotted quarter note (
J-) = 3 beats A dotted half note (J.) = 6
heats
1. Clap the rhythm while eounting out loud.
rrn
6+ 1 + 2 + 3 + 456
3. Write a | time signature after the clef sign.

Write the count below the notes and then elap the rhythm while counting out loud.
main m HL
4. Write a | time signature after the clef sign. Write in the count below the notes. Draw the missing bar lines.
1 1 L
l V
FML / }
L
—
f ___ —
2 " 0 A
T
a
\
1
w
T 、
L
____
J*
---------- ——0 ■
m 5_ 4^5-(Q. _J_ mu
l v- 0
5. Write in the count beiow the notes and add the missing barlines.
&- ai
/k— 9 , - B H
19 A --------- H
B: H
Z Q~ • 1) H
a J
—
~VT
—----- --------------
2. 3 4 (p 1 23 4 + 1 + 2 3 4 ,5 6 i 2. 3 4 5 &

Time Signatures - (f
_------------------In 2 time there are two beats in eaeh measure.
----The half note gets one beat. A quarter note ( J) = 1/2 beat A
Rhythmic values half note (j) = 1 beat A whole
| is often referred to as "cut" time. note (o ) = 6 beats
, may also be displayed as 0.
1. Clap the rhytlini while counting out loud.
2. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhytlim while connting ont
loud.
J• o J• J• o Q
I+ 2- 4 2 \
3. Write a | time signature after the elef sign.
Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhytlim while counting out loud.
2-
4. Write a | time signature after the clef sign. Write in the count below the notes. Draw the missing bar lines.
2_ ±±2 ±± + ± JL Z
5. Write in the count below the notes and add the missing barlines.
+ 2 + 1 + 2 +XA2 ± 2,

Slurs and Ties

A slur is a curved line connection two or more notes of different pitches. Slurred passages
should be played as smoothly as possible.
Tied notes are played as one note. The rhythmic value is the sum of the two notes.
=2 beats =3 beats =1 1/2 beats
3. Write the number of beats each pair of tied notes should receive.
beats I beats
beats beats

Nam e Date
Sixteenth Notes and Rests

The rhythmic value of a sixteenth note is Use e, +, a when writing the count for
one quarter of a beat. Four sixteenth notes sixteenth notes and rests.
are equal to one quarter note.
A sixteenth note ( ^ ) = !/4 beat
A sixteenth rest ( ^ ) = 1/4 beat
1 e + a2e + a3
/71 J +a
1 ± 2, ± 3^ + 3.^ 1 ±^.2- 4 ± ±
3. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhytlim while counting out loud.
4. Some sixteenth notes are missing their flags or beams. Draw the missing flags and beams.
5. Write the count below the notes and then add the missing barlines.
6. Write the
count below
the notes.
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Sixteenth Notes and Rests
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Eiements of Music: 23
The rhythmic value of a dotted quarter note is one A dotted quarter note (」•) = 1-1/2 beats A
and one half beats. It is equivalent to a quarter note
tied to an eighth note. Dotted Quarter Notes and Rests dotted quarter rest ( ( ) : 1-1/2 beats
1. Clap the rhytlur while counting out loud.
2. Write the eount below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting out loud.
2. + 3 +
4. Some dotted quarter notes and rests are missing their dots.
Complete each measure by adding the missing dots.
6. Write the count below the notes.

\ -1
—
T 3 ------------------ 1® •
J d
... a ) ----------------- [ 49 V
- - ----------------as -0 • *
---- - -jp •
Zi 13 + £ 1 2 ± 3 +'4 L2,±3±4+ 1 2. ±3 4±
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Dotted Eighth Notes and Rests

The rhytlimic value of a dotted eighth note is A dotted eighth note ( J.) = 3/4 beat A
three-fourths of a beat. It is equivalent to an eighth dotted eighth rest (7.) = 3/4 beat
note tied to a sixteenth note.
le + a2e+a 3 e + a 4 e + a
Ie + a2e + a3 + 4e+a 1 e + a 2 +3e+ a4 1 e+a 2e+ a3 4
2. Write the eount below the notes and then clap the rhythm while counting out loud.
I * 2-<2, A- a. 3 X3+ ! 2^ CL
*4*
d\・ A------- 9 s 1\ 1
0- HF~1 ---- |Ji ~' ®! 1 I
z zt ( 4 r
/ 9
....... ... ~L
.. A
3. Write the count below the notes and then clap the rhytlun while counting out loud.
(QL^ + o- 4 [+ ^4 c\ ] + 3 a- 4
-t 2X4A 3 4 A L 4 3(2,40, I 4 X
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Sharps and Flats I

A sharp sign ( ) placed in front of a note (sJ) raises its A flat sign (b) placed in front of a note (d) lowers its
pitch a half step. pitch a half step.
CS is 1/2 step higher than C |B^ is 1/2 step lower than B|
It is easy to see, on the piano keyboard, how the black keys to the right (1/2 step higher) of a note are sharps and the
black keys to the left (1/2 step lower) of a note are flats.
1. Practice drawing sharps by tracing over the guidelines. Draw six more in the remaining space.
g-------------------j--------------------------------------- -4---------
2. Practice drawing flats by tracing over the guidelines. Draw six more in the remaining space.
1-, i.- L
r?
p *V J f
-:；> :
L-----------------------------------h------------------------
3. Write a flat sign in front of each note and then name the note.
IT —"- i
El>
4. Write a flat sign in front of each nqte and thed name the note.
—i*
fez
5. Write a sharp sign in front of each note and then name the note.
X4 ---
-- --- — ---
U
-44-®
~^fr
---------
J
"c
c i
6. Write a sharo sign in front of each note and then name the note
A
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Sharps and Flats II

Complete the following exercises.
may not be sold or included in any materials offered for sale to the general public.
Sharps, Flats and Naturals

A natural sign () placed before a note cancels a sharp or flat.
Sharps, flats and naturals are all called accidentals.
Accidentals aflect eveiy note on the same line or space for the remainder of the measure. Bar lines cancel all accidentals
from the previous measure unless a note is tied across the bar line.

Enharmonic Notes I
In music there are many notes that have more than one name. Enharmonic notes sound tlie same but are spelled
differently.
'
A
4 D F G |
4
A
c D E F G A B C
If you look at a piano keyboard you will see that DU and Et are played with the same key.
3. Use a quarter note to write in the enharmonic equivalent of the given note.
4. Use a quarter note to write in the enliarmonic equivalent of the given note.
5. This is the first part of a familiar song written with maiiy enharmonic notes. Identify the song and write the name here:
fflotry Had ge

Enharmonic Notes II
Complete these exercises.
1. Circle the measures in which the notes are not enhai'monically equivalent.

Half Steps and Whole Steps I

The half step (H) is the smallest interval used in The whole step (W) is an interval made by combining two
traditional Western music. The piano keyboard is half steps.
arranged in half steps; the distance between two
adjacent keys on the piano is a half step. W W
1
H H ‘ H H'
HHHH AA AA
AA AA
w w
Using the keyboards below, write the interval (whole step or half step) that is created by the Os.
3.
6. CokoU
5.

Half Steps and Whole Steps II
Using the keyboards below, write the interval in whole step and half
steps that is created by the Os.
6.

Elements of Music: 0032 Rounds
A round is a composition in which two or more voices sing an identical melody with each voice starting
after a specified number of beats. A round may be repeated endlessly.
Sing this simple round.
Frere Jacques
This round may be sung in three parts.

The first part starts singing tfie song at the
top of the circle (1). When the first part reaches
number two (2), the second part may begin at t
he top of the circle. The third part may join
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Elements of Music: 0032 Rounds
in when the first part reaches number three (3).
AH pails may continue singing around the
circle as long as they like.
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Elements of Music:
The Circle of Fifths III

The Circle of Fifths diagram shows the
clockwise arrangement of major keys in
an order of ascending fifths for
sharp key signatures.
With each added sharp
the key advances five
letter names and the
tonic moves up a
perfect fifth.
Flat keys are

presented in an order
of descending fifths.
With
each added
flat the key moves
back
five letter names and
the tonic moves
down a perfect fifth.
1. Write the flats in the order in which they are added as you go around the circle of fifths.
JL. xh
2. Write the sharps in the order in which they are added as you go around the circle of fifths.
H ๗ <0 D* A# " 30
3. Write the names of the keys with sharps in order as they appear on the circle of fifths.
G -D A___________F 53
4. Write the names of the keys with flats in order as they appear on the circle of fifths.
F #

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Elements of Music:

Complete the circle of fifths by writing the names of the missing keys.

Elements of Music:

Complete the circle of fifths by adding the missing key signatures.

The Circle of Fifths IV

Complete the circle of fifths by writing in the names of the missing keys and their missing key signatures.
■tf-5
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Elements of Music: 1

The musical staff is made up of five lines and four

1. Practiee drawing two staffs by connecting the dots. Use

2. On the first staff: number the lines from low to high.

3. On the second staff, number the spaces from low to high.

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

The Staff - High and Low

Notes that are higher on the staff have a higher o

This note sounds higher than this note.

Finale111 Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic,Inc.

The Staff - Treble Clef

Finale^ Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

The Staff - Treble Clef

A clef appears at the beginning of each

4. Draw the treble clef at the beginning of the staff.

5. Draw the treble clef at the beginning of the staff.

Finale^ Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

The Staff - Bass Clef

Each note on the bass clef staff has a letter

5. Draw the bass clef at the begimiing of the staff.

Treble Clef - Ledger Lines

This example includes notes which can be written

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

Bass Clef - Ledger Lines

This example includes notes which can be written above

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

The Grand Staff

3. Write the letter name for each note.

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

1. Clap the rhytlim while couiitiiig the beats out loud.

3. Write a time signature after the clef sign.

4. Write a 4 time signature after the clef sign.

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

A quarter rest ( J) 1 beat

1. Practice drawing quarter rests by tracing over the outlines.

3. Draw one whole rest in each blank measure.

4. Write the count below the rests.

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

Notes and Rests

2. This song is missing bar lines. Fill in the missing barlines

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1. Practice drawing stems by adding the proper stem to each notehead.

2. Practice drawing stems by adding the proper stem to each notehead.

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

1. Clap the rhytlim while counting the beats out loud.

Finale'- Worksheets, Copyright © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc,

1. Clap the rhythm while counting out loud.

Finale*' Worksheets, Copyriglit © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

1. Clap the rhythm while counting the beats out loud.

Finale*' Worksheets, Copyriglit © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

Eighth Notes and Eighth Rests

An eighth rest (,) = 1/2 beat

1. Clap the rhythm while counting out loud.

The interval between two The interval of an

1. Identity the following intervals as melodic (M) or harmonic (H).

3. Name these harmonic intervals.

4. Write the indicated harmonic interval above the given note.

——w ---------- ~75

Finale*' Worksheets, Copyriglit © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

Finale*' Worksheets, Copyriglit © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

Finale*' Worksheets, Copyriglit © 2009 by MakeMusic, Inc.

1. Clap the rhythm while eounting out loud.