\OG@I@GÐM

XGB N SGBCL ?
\MGXL_PGCIC MI@GDMIB CL @DBDNOGI 0
F\BGIMI PIBIVI_ OLCDWI

Q_DWL@SDP 0

QBIMSIP

PID QI\BD, O_IPGB

Slrri l Suni Irqugtltds Issd`gicds

GPDNÇS_G@D
?199 ‐ ?19<

Lb lm`irjd `dmsgstîi prgm`gpibnlmtl lm cgslùir

bi rlsgclm`gi piri umi nuflr cl lcic ivimzici
qul eiogtioi umi `isi `dm jriv
jrivls
ls prdob
prdoblnis
lnis
simgtirgd
simgtirgdss y lstru
lstru`turi
`turibls,
bls, ndcgh
ndcghg`ic
g`icd
d clsp
clspuçs
uçs
pdr um lsp
lspi`g
i`gd
d cl umi
umiss gmt
gmtlm`
lm`gdm
gdmls
ls y umi
umiss
nimghlsti`gdmls itndshçrg`is qul plrngtlm umis
mulviss slmsi
mulvi slmsi`gdm
`gdmls
ls lnd`g
lnd`gdmib
dmibls
ls y slms
slmsdrgib
drgibls
ls PL@@GDMLP

ib i`irg`gir bi `isi `dm bds dfds, lb `ulrpd y bis

nimds, ls um bujir qul tl gmvgti i rl`drrlrbd `dm
bi cuibgcic cl tu slr, clscl umi rlprlslmti`gðm
miturib, bunîmg`i, lspgrgtuib y timjgobl.
JLDNLS_ÎI-HD_NIP PGMSIUGP LPQI@GIB JLDNLS_Î

Lb cgslùd clb bujir sl rgjl nlcgimtl umds pirénltrds

9 ? 3 5 7
qul
qul clmd
clmdti
tim
m `dmd
`dmd`g
`gng
nglm
lmtd
td clbb
cl lmtd
lmtdrm
rmd,
d, cl biss
bi
gmtlm`gdml
gmtlm`gdmlss qul sl quglr
quglrlm
lm nimghlstir
nimghlstir y cl bi `ibgc
`ibgcic
ic
qul bl quglrlm ipdrtir ib lspi`gd.
0 < 8 :

Ls um bujir qul sl `dnpdml cl nitlrgibls oésg`ds plrd

qul lm `dmfumtd `dmnulvlm y rl`rlim bi gcli cl umi

itnðsh
itnðshlri
lri mul
mulvi,
vi, gmt
gmtlrl
lrlsim
simtl,
tl, `dn
`dnpr
prlms
lmsgvi
gvi `dm bds
`ulrpd
`ulrpdss qul bi rl`
rl`drr
drrlm,
lm, bi eio
eiogti
gtim
m y bi pib
pibpim
pim;; su
JLDNLS_ÎI-
JLDNLS_ÎI- \MGÐM 9 9 cgstrg
cgstrgou`
ou`gðm
gðm plr
plrnli
nli bi gcl
gcli
i cl um rl`
rl`drr
drrgcd
gcd (pdr bi
? 0

9
jldnltrîi cl bi `isi) plrd `dm piusis, bujirls lm bds
1
qul sl cls
clscgo
cgoufi
ufi lb lm`
lm`glr
glrrd
rd cl umi irq
irqugt
ugtl`t
l`turi
uri
9
9 iedjici
iedjici pdr lb lspi
lspi`gd
`gd y sl lm`ulmtrim
lm`ulmtrim umis mulvis

ls`lmi
ls`lmiss lm bis qul lb `ul
`ulrp
rpd
d mit
mituri
urib,
b, lsp
lspgrg
grgtui
tuibb y
timjgobl tdni prdtijdmgsnd cl sus rlprlslmti`gdmls y

JLDNLS_ÎI-
JLDNLS_ÎI- FL_I_
FL_I_Y\ÎI
Y\ÎI sl lxpimcl ei`gi umi gcli `biri, slmsgtgvi y drclmici.
Bi `isi ls umi `dnpdsg`gðm qul sl nulvl, qul lxprlsi,
qul eiobi, qul clm
clmdti
dti y rl`dj
rl`djl
l umi rlprlslmti`g
rlprlslmti`gðm
ðm
irqugtl`tðmg`i qul siol rl`dmd`lr lb gmtlrnlcgd lmtrl
9 9
3 8
hum`gðm, `dndcgcic y lstçtg`i.
9
<
 PGNLS_Î W LY\GBGO_GD

Bi sgnltrîi y lb lqugbgorgd
lqugbgorgd sl `dnpd
`dnpdmlm
mlm nlcgimtl
nlcgimtl umi gcli cl lfls qul ei`lm clb lspi`
lspi`gd
gd umi nimghl
nimghlsti`gð
sti`gðm
m drclmici
drclmici l gmtlm`gdmici.
gmtlm`gdmici. Lb
lspi`gd sl drjimgzi y vgsuibgzi pdr nlcgd cl umis rlprlslmti`gdmls qul `lmtribgzim y rljibim plsd i ibjumds bujirls lspl`îhg`ds cl bi dori

irqugtl`tðmg
irqugtl`tðmg`i,
`i, ngsnds
ngsnds qul lm lb lstu
lstucgd
cgd cl ml`
ml`lsgci
lsgcicls
cls y lb cgslùd cl bi mul
mulvi
vi `isi sl lnpglzim i `dnu
`dnumg`
mg`ir
ir `dnd um `dm
`dmfumt
fumtdd cl
elrringlmtis
elrringl mtis `dnpblnlmtirgis, `dm umis prdyl``gdmls
prdyl``gdmls pirtg`ubirls qul ei`lm qul lb lspi`gd sli ijriciobl,`ðndcd, slm`gbbd plrd lqugbgoricd.
lqugbgoricd.
 \ MG C C W @D MF \ MS D

Bds
Bds lspi
lspi`g
`gds
ds prgm
prgm`g
`gpi
pibl
bls
s y bdss
bd lspi
lspi`g
`gds
ds
sl`umcirgds fuljim lm um ngsnd lspi`gd lm lb
qul sl `ed`i
`ed`im
m y sl gnpi
gnpi`tim
`tim `dmstimtlnl
`dmstimtlnlmtl,
mtl, lb
imébgsgs
imébgsgs cl gnpdr
gnpdrtim`gi
tim`gi sl ci pdr umds nlcgds
suofltgvds yi qul cl hdrni plrsdmib nl itripim
bds
bds buji
bujirl
rlss `dnd
`dnd hdrn
hdrnis
is cl `rli
`rli`g
`gðm
ðm y
slmsgogbgcic hrlmtl ib slr y sl clhgmlm lm risjds
cl ‒prgm`gpibls„ y ‒sl`umcirgds„ yi qul i plsir Lspi`gds Qrgm`gpibls-@lm
Qrgm`gpibls-@lmtribls
tribls
cl qul
qul `dnp
`dnpir
irtl
tlm
m um ngssnd
ng ls`l
ls`lmi
mirg
rgd
d
sgnodbgzim
sgnodbgzim y trims
trimsngtlm
ngtlm `dsi
`dsiss `dnpb
`dnpbltin
ltinlmtl
lmtl Lspi`gds Pl`umcirgds

cghlrlmtls i dtris qul `dnpdmlm lb lspi`gd.

 SGQDBDJÎ

_lbi`gðm gmtlrgdr- lxtlrgdr

Qrgvicd

Qöobg`d

_l`drrgcd

@dmt
@dmtgl
glml
ml umi
umi tgp
tgpdb
dbdj
djîi
îi ogmu
ogmu`b
`bli
lir,
r, bi
slpiri`gðm cl bds lspi`gds sl ci rlspl`td i 3
ndnlmt
ndnlmtds
ds ls
lslm`
lm`gib
gibls,
ls, bi rlb
rlbi`g
i`gðm
ðm gmt
gmtlrg
lrgdr-
dr-
lxtlrgdr, bis zdmis prgvicis,
prgvicis, bis zdmis pöobg`is

y bis zdmis
zdmis cl rl`drrgc
rl`drrgcd,
d, `ic
`ici
i umi cl lbb
lbbis
is
gnpi`t
gnp i`timc
imcd
d lb lspi`g
lspi`gd
d `dm umi jljldnl
dnltrî
trîi,
i,
drclm
drclm y `iri
`iri`tlrîs
`tlrîstg`is
tg`is prl`gsis,
prl`gsis, bis `uibl
`uiblss
hulrdm
hulrdm plms
plmsicis
icis `dnd bujir
bujirls
ls cl lm`ulm
lm`ulmtrd
trd
nlcgimtl um rl`drrgcd (pisgbbd) lm lb qul lb slr
sl cl
clsp
spbi
bizi
zi pd
pdrr um
umi
i sl
slrg
rgl
l cl it
itnð
nðsh
shlr
lris
is
cgvlrsis y `iutgvimtls, sglmcd umi cl lbbis bi
nés rlprlslmtitgvi y `lmtrib (lb pitgd)
@G_@\B @GÐM
 SNÐPHL_ P

B\V MIS\_
MIS\_IB
IB
 B\V I_SGHG@GIB W MIS\_IB
B\V I_SGH
I_SGHG@GIB
G@GIB