V.

Work, Energy and Power

Engr. John Renzo M. Galinato
Work
• A measure of the change a force produces
• Is done by a force when the object on which it acts is displaced while
the force is applied.
• The work by a constant force F acting on an object while it undergoes
a displacement x is equal to the magnitude of the force component Fx
in the direction of the displacement multiplied by the magnitude of x
of the displacement.
Note: Work is an algebraic quantity (Scalar)

Unit of work:
JOULE – is the work done by a force of one Newton through a distance
of one meter.

ERG – is the work done by a force of one dyne through a distance of one
centimeter.
Examples
1.
Examples
2.
Energy
The property that gives something the capacity to do work.
1. KINETIC Energy – the energy something possesses by virtue of
its motion.
2. POTENTIAL Energy – the energy something possesses by virtue
of its position.
3. REST Energy – the energy something possesses by virtue of its
mass.
Kinetic Energy
• The energy of motion 1
𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
• Is a form of energy that 2
an object or a particle
has by reason of its
motion. If work, which
transfers energy, is done
on an object by applying
a net force, the object
speeds up and thereby
gains kinetic energy.
Potential Energy
• The energy of position 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
• Stored energy that
depends upon the relative
position of various parts of
a system. A spring has
more potential energy
when it is compressed or
stretched. A steel ball has
more potential energy
raised above the ground
than it has after falling to
Earth.
Elastic Potential Energy

Spring in Series Spring in Parallel

Conservation of Energy
• conservation of energy, principle of physics according to which the
energy of interacting bodies or particles in a closed system remains
constant.
• “energy can never be created nor destroyed but its converted into
another type of energy”
Power
• The rate of performing work of transferring energy.
• Power measures how quickly the work is done.
• Power is equal to the work done divided by the time interval over
which the work is performed.
Units of POWER:
1. ONE HORSEPOWER is equal to the amount of power required to lift
33,000 pounds a distance of 1 foot in 1 minute.
2. ONE WATT equals the power needed to do 1 joule of work per
second. There are 746 watts in 1 horsepower.
• 1 watt = 1 joule/seconds
• 1 kilowatt = 1000 watts
• 1 HP = 1 horsepower = 746 watts
• 1 kilowatt = 1.43 Hp
• 1 kw-hr = 3.6 x 10 joules
Examples
1.
Examples
2.
Examples
3. A roller starts from rest at the highest point of the track 30 m above the
ground. What speed will it have at ground level if the effect of friction is
neglected?